Article(id=1224799659705651422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1224799656396345456, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12284/hyxb2022096, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1628697600000, receivedDateStr=2021-08-12, revisedDate=1638028800000, revisedDateStr=2021-11-28, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1769944594551, onlineDateStr=2026-02-01, pubDate=1656604800000, pubDateStr=2022-07-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1769944594551, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-01, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1769944594551, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1769944594551, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1224799656396345456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2022', volume='44', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='176', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1769944593762, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1769996013782, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1225015327654821950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1224799656396345456, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1225015327654821951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1224799656396345456, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=25, endPage=36, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1224799661085577453, articleId=1224799659705651422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Study on spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of tidal skewness in the Wenzhou Bay, columnId=1194652705852465724, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The changes of shoreline caused by human activities affect the kinematic characteristics of tidal wave in the propagation process. Based on the hourly tidal level data from five tidal stations in the Wenzhou Bay from 1984 to 2019, the temporal and spatial variation of tidal wave patterns in this area and deconstructed the contribution of major tidal clusters to the tidal asymmetry is analyzed in this study . The results show that the tidal patterns in Oujiang Estuary and Yueqing Bay, two semi-enclosed embayments of the Wenzhou Bay, are obviously different. The tidal symmetry of Oujiang Estuary is flood-dominant tide and the tidal asymmetry increases continuously in the upstream direction, whilst tide is ebb-dominant in Yueqing Bay. Moreover, the tidal asymmetry shows distinct seasonal variation. The skewness ($ \gamma $) reaches maximum in June to July and December to January in the Wenzhou Bay. The tidal asymmetry in this area is mainly controlled by the component groups such as M2/M4, M2/S2/MS4 and M2/N2/MN4. The skewness caused by nonlinear interactions from M2/S2/MS4, M2/N2/MN4, O1/K1/M2 shows obvious seasonal variation. Since 2000, the tidal asymmetry of Wenzhou Bay has been decreasing, which is related to the frequent reclamation surrounding the Oujiang Estuary.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2022 Pratacultural Science. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xi Feng, Yuchen Zhou, Fengming Sun, Huan Xu, Shiwei Wen, Zhuang Sun, Shijing Liu, Weibing Feng), CN=ArticleExt(id=1224799663312753046, articleId=1224799659705651422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=温州湾海域潮形偏态时空分布特征研究, columnId=1149698756456657529, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

人类活动引起的岸线变化影响着近岸海域的潮波在传播过程中的运动特征。本研究基于瓯江口与乐清湾5个验潮站,时间跨度为1984−2019年的逐时潮位实测资料,分析了该海域潮波形态的时空变化规律并解构造成潮汐不对称性的主要分潮簇的贡献度。研究发现,温州湾海域瓯江河口与乐清湾潮形有明显的不同,潮汐不对称性在瓯江河口涨潮占优,且向上游方向持续增大,但在乐清湾内则落潮占优。该海域潮汐不对称性呈现出明显的季节性变化特征。在6−7月、12月至翌年1月时$ \gamma $值达到最大。该海域潮汐不对称性主要由分潮组合M2/M4、M2/S2/MS4、M2/N2/MN4等分潮簇控制,分潮簇如M2/S2/MS4、M2/N2/MN4、O1/K1/M2的不对 称贡献度则表现出明显的季节性变化。从2000年起,温州湾海域涨潮占优的潮汐不对称性呈现逐渐减弱的趋势,这与瓯江河口频繁的海岸工程存在一定的联系。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《海洋学报》编辑部 2022, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=J6Fe+ReadV+sxR4JGeuivA==, magXml=UiMc+kfh26DJCz/kkxKW6Q==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=JFIBkSTl1in3wh7n/YzhYA==, pdfFileSize=3444689, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=R5Swx1av03B1fPTRqLEzQQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=u9wWq73Br+QhJaq2SLcWPg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

冯曦(1987-),女,江苏省南京市人,博士,主要从事海岸水动力和海岸带灾害研究。E-mail:

, authorsList=冯曦, 周雨晨, 孙凤明, 徐欢, 温世玮, 孙壮, 刘诗静, 冯卫兵)}, authors=[Author(id=1225366129766482780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=xifeng@hhu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1225366131091882850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, authorId=1225366129766482780, language=EN, stringName=Xi Feng, firstName=Xi, middleName=null, lastName=Feng, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. College of Harbour, Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1225366131200934758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, authorId=1225366129766482780, language=CN, stringName=冯曦, firstName=曦, middleName=null, lastName=冯, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.河海大学 港口海岸与近海工程学院,江苏 南京 210098, bio={"content":"

冯曦(1987-),女,江苏省南京市人,博士,主要从事海岸水动力和海岸带灾害研究。E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

冯曦(1987-),女,江苏省南京市人,博士,主要从事海岸水动力和海岸带灾害研究。E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1225366129384801086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1225366129397384001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, companyId=1225366129384801086, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. College of Harbour, Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1225366129405772609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, companyId=1225366129384801086, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.河海大学 港口海岸与近海工程学院,江苏 南京 210098)])]), Author(id=1225366131326763890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1225366131431621498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, authorId=1225366131326763890, language=EN, stringName=Yuchen Zhou, firstName=Yuchen, middleName=null, lastName=Zhou, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. College of Harbour, Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1225366131519701889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, authorId=1225366131326763890, language=CN, stringName=周雨晨, firstName=雨晨, middleName=null, lastName=周, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.河海大学 港口海岸与近海工程学院,江苏 南京 210098, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1225366129384801086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1225366129397384001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, companyId=1225366129384801086, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. College of Harbour, Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1225366129405772609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, companyId=1225366129384801086, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.河海大学 港口海岸与近海工程学院,江苏 南京 210098)])]), Author(id=1225366131653919631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1225366131746194326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, authorId=1225366131653919631, language=EN, stringName=Fengming Sun, firstName=Fengming, middleName=null, lastName=Sun, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2. China Harbour Engineering Company Ltd., Beijing 100027, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1225366131830080412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, authorId=1225366131653919631, language=CN, stringName=孙凤明, firstName=凤明, middleName=null, lastName=孙, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.中国港湾工程有限责任公司,北京 100027, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1225366129539990345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1225366129548378954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, companyId=1225366129539990345, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. China Harbour Engineering Company Ltd., Beijing 100027, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1225366129552573259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, companyId=1225366129539990345, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中国港湾工程有限责任公司,北京 100027)])]), Author(id=1225366131943326630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1225366132052378542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, authorId=1225366131943326630, language=EN, stringName=Huan Xu, firstName=Huan, middleName=null, lastName=Xu, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3. Jiangsu Province Water Engineering Sci-tech Consulting Company Ltd., Nanjing 210003, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1225366132161430453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, authorId=1225366131943326630, language=CN, stringName=徐欢, firstName=欢, middleName=null, lastName=徐, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3.江苏省水利工程科技咨询有限公司,江苏 南京 210003, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1225366129670013780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1225366129674208085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, companyId=1225366129670013780, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. Jiangsu Province Water Engineering Sci-tech Consulting Company Ltd., Nanjing 210003, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1225366129682596694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, companyId=1225366129670013780, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.江苏省水利工程科技咨询有限公司,江苏 南京 210003)])]), Author(id=1225366132287259585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1225366132467614664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, authorId=1225366132287259585, language=EN, stringName=Shiwei Wen, firstName=Shiwei, middleName=null, lastName=Wen, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. College of Harbour, Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1225366132593443792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, authorId=1225366132287259585, language=CN, stringName=温世玮, firstName=世玮, middleName=null, lastName=温, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.河海大学 港口海岸与近海工程学院,江苏 南京 210098, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1225366129384801086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1225366129397384001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, companyId=1225366129384801086, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. College of Harbour, Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1225366129405772609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, companyId=1225366129384801086, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.河海大学 港口海岸与近海工程学院,江苏 南京 210098)])]), Author(id=1225366132706690008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1225366132819936222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, authorId=1225366132706690008, language=EN, stringName=Zhuang Sun, firstName=Zhuang, middleName=null, lastName=Sun, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2. China Harbour Engineering Company Ltd., Beijing 100027, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1225366132916405219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, authorId=1225366132706690008, language=CN, stringName=孙壮, firstName=壮, middleName=null, lastName=孙, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.中国港湾工程有限责任公司,北京 100027, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1225366129539990345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1225366129548378954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, companyId=1225366129539990345, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. China Harbour Engineering Company Ltd., Beijing 100027, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1225366129552573259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, companyId=1225366129539990345, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中国港湾工程有限责任公司,北京 100027)])]), Author(id=1225366133038040045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, orderNo=6, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1225366133138703349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, authorId=1225366133038040045, language=EN, stringName=Shijing Liu, firstName=Shijing, middleName=null, lastName=Liu, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2. China Harbour Engineering Company Ltd., Beijing 100027, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1225366133251949564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, authorId=1225366133038040045, language=CN, stringName=刘诗静, firstName=诗静, middleName=null, lastName=刘, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.中国港湾工程有限责任公司,北京 100027, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1225366129539990345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1225366129548378954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, companyId=1225366129539990345, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. China Harbour Engineering Company Ltd., Beijing 100027, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1225366129552573259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, companyId=1225366129539990345, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中国港湾工程有限责任公司,北京 100027)])]), Author(id=1225366133344223236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, orderNo=7, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1225366133453275145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, authorId=1225366133344223236, language=EN, stringName=Weibing Feng, firstName=Weibing, middleName=null, lastName=Feng, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. College of Harbour, Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1225366133566521359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, authorId=1225366133344223236, language=CN, stringName=冯卫兵, firstName=卫兵, middleName=null, lastName=冯, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.河海大学 港口海岸与近海工程学院,江苏 南京 210098, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1225366129384801086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1225366129397384001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, companyId=1225366129384801086, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. College of Harbour, Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1225366129405772609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, companyId=1225366129384801086, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.河海大学 港口海岸与近海工程学院,江苏 南京 210098)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1225366133826568223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=tidal skewness), Keyword(id=1225366133939814437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=Wenzhou Bay), Keyword(id=1225366134078226476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=tidal clusters), Keyword(id=1225366134191472691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=shoreline changes), Keyword(id=1225366134279553084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=seasonal variability), Keyword(id=1225366135638507586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, language=EN, orderNo=6, keyword=yearly variability), Keyword(id=1225366135751753799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, language=EN, orderNo=7, keyword=flood-dry seasons), Keyword(id=1225366135856611402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=潮形偏态), Keyword(id=1225366135927914575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=温州湾), Keyword(id=1225366135999217748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=分潮簇), Keyword(id=1225366136091492442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=岸线变动), Keyword(id=1225366136175378526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=季节性变化), Keyword(id=1225366136250876000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, language=CN, orderNo=6, keyword=年际变化), Keyword(id=1225366136322179174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, language=CN, orderNo=7, keyword=枯洪期)], refs=[Reference(id=1225366140445180116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Nidzieko N J. Tidal asymmetry in estuaries with mixed semidiurnal/diurnal tides[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans, 2010, 115(C8): C08006., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1225366140520677592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张蔚, 郁夏琰, 徐怡, 等. 三峡流量调节对长江口潮汐不对称的影响[J]. 河海大学学报(自然科学版), 2020, 48(2): 143−149., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1225366140625535195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang Wei, Yu Xiayan, Xu Yi, et al. Influence of discharge regulation by Three Gorges Dam on tidal asymmetry in Yangtze Estuary[J]. Journal of Hohai University (Natural Sciences), 2020, 48(2): 143−149., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1225366140722004190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Feng Xi, Feng Hui. On the role of anthropogenic activity and sea-level-rise in tidal distortion on the open coast of the Yellow Sea Shelf[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2021, 126(3): e2020JC016583., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1225366140818473188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=童朝锋, 安福伟, 章家保, 等. 乐清湾内外潮波变形及不对称性分析[J]. 海洋工程, 2020, 38(3): 113−123., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1225366140927525093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tong Chaofeng, An Fuwei, Zhang Jiabao, et al. Analysis of deformation and asymmetry of tidal waves inside and outside Yueqing Bay[J]. The Ocean Engineering, 2020, 38(3): 113−123., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1225366141015605482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李谊纯, 徐群. 瓯江口内外潮汐不对称研究[J]. 水利水运工程学报, 2013(5): 61−65., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1225366141120463088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li Yichun, Xu Qun. A study of tidal asymmetry in Oujiang Estuary[J]. Hydro-Science and Engineering, 2013(5): 61−65., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1225366141254680819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张伯虎, 潘冬子, 胡成飞. 瓯江河口潮汐特征变化及其原因分析[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2017, 26(11): 1857−1864., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1225366141355344118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang Bohu, Pan Dongzi, Hu Chengfei. Change of tidal characteristics in the Ou-Jiang Estuary[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2017, 26(11): 1857−1864., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1225366141456007417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Song Dehai, Wang Xiaohua, Kiss A E, et al. The contribution to tidal asymmetry by different combinations of tidal constituents[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2011, 116(C12): C12007., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1225366141552476415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Pawlowicz R, Beardsley B, Lentz S. Classical tidal harmonic analysis including error estimates in MATLAB using T_TIDE[J]. Computers & Geosciences, 2002, 28(8): 929−937., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1225366141648945409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=12, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Blanton B O, Werner F E, Seim H E, et al. Barotropic tides in the South Atlantic Bight[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2004, 109(C12): C12024., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1225366141749608708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Feng Xi, Feng Hui, Li Huichao, et al. Tidal responses to future sea level trends on the Yellow Sea Shelf[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2019, 124(11): 7285−7306., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1225366141883826438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Idier D, Paris F, Cozannet G L, et al. Sea-level rise impacts on the tides of the European Shelf[J]. Continental Shelf Research, 2017, 137: 56−71., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1225366141971906823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Feng Hui, Feng Xi, Feng Weibing, et al. Sensitivity of tides and tidal components to sea-level-rise in the Radial Sand Ridges[J]. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 2021, 47: 101918., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1225366140269019340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, awardId=ZJ2015-1, language=CN, fundingSource=中长周期波浪条件下港口工程建造关键技术研究(ZJ2015-1), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1225366129384801086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1225366129397384001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, companyId=1225366129384801086, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. College of Harbour, Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1225366129405772609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, companyId=1225366129384801086, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.河海大学 港口海岸与近海工程学院,江苏 南京 210098)]), AuthorCompany(id=1225366129539990345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1225366129548378954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, companyId=1225366129539990345, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. China Harbour Engineering Company Ltd., Beijing 100027, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1225366129552573259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, companyId=1225366129539990345, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中国港湾工程有限责任公司,北京 100027)]), AuthorCompany(id=1225366129670013780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1225366129674208085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, companyId=1225366129670013780, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. Jiangsu Province Water Engineering Sci-tech Consulting Company Ltd., Nanjing 210003, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1225366129682596694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, companyId=1225366129670013780, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.江苏省水利工程科技咨询有限公司,江苏 南京 210003)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1225366136557060205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Distribution of Wenzhou Bay and locations of tidal gauges, figureFileSmall=du/1rukpfz0bwBtwAhbYLw==, figureFileBig=JUVICfFMUIxAco7hKVxYmQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225366136636751983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, language=CN, label=图1, caption=温州湾海域及各测站分布, figureFileSmall=du/1rukpfz0bwBtwAhbYLw==, figureFileBig=JUVICfFMUIxAco7hKVxYmQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225366136812912759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Tidal level, tidal range and skewness at each station during February to March of 2019, figureFileSmall=R25uTuy9/NEXlxa6FSTeLQ==, figureFileBig=Q4p/anT+3WlzmqXe+gMZaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225366136892604539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, language=CN, label=图2, caption=各测站2019年2−3月份潮位、潮差及偏度, figureFileSmall=R25uTuy9/NEXlxa6FSTeLQ==, figureFileBig=Q4p/anT+3WlzmqXe+gMZaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225366136980684929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Tidal skewness annual variability at each station in 2019 (a), monthly-mean of tidal skewness at Wenzhou Station from 1984 to 2019 (b), and coastline changes from 1984 to 2019 (c), figureFileSmall=UpetLkcdIRx1M4C5tTjOMQ==, figureFileBig=clPiuSARvZxdzRGeJZdfxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225366137098125442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, language=CN, label=图3, caption=2019年各测站年内月均偏度变化(a)、温州站1984−2019年期间月均偏度值(b)和1984−2019年期间温州湾海域岸线变动(c), figureFileSmall=UpetLkcdIRx1M4C5tTjOMQ==, figureFileBig=clPiuSARvZxdzRGeJZdfxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225366137186205830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=The amplitude of main tidal constituent at each station during 2019 (a) and the amplitude of main tidal constituent at Wenzhou Station from 1984 to 2019 (b), figureFileSmall=2ZDTcQBpIvLbfNn8yncbRw==, figureFileBig=j0LypEBkKgHoZkVsIqFA1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225366137274286218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, language=CN, label=图4, caption=2019年各测站主要分潮振幅(a)和温洲站1984−2019年主要分潮振幅(b), figureFileSmall=2ZDTcQBpIvLbfNn8yncbRw==, figureFileBig=j0LypEBkKgHoZkVsIqFA1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225366137370755215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Precipitation over year 2019 in Wenzhou waters (a), scatter plots of tidal skewness in flooding season vs. dry season at different stations (b) and scatter plots of tidal skewness in flooding season vs. dry season at Wenzhou Station for different years (c), figureFileSmall=zrWnq6tX1YMmqXLDgYG99w==, figureFileBig=IjYRG6VR/LQBXtXdju44jw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225366137446252691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, language=CN, label=图5, caption=2019年温州海域每月总降雨量(a)、2019年各测站枯汛期偏度比较(b)和温州站历年枯汛期偏度比较(c), figureFileSmall=zrWnq6tX1YMmqXLDgYG99w==, figureFileBig=IjYRG6VR/LQBXtXdju44jw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225366137521750165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Monthly variability of the contribution to tidal duration asymmetry from the top three primary combinations of tidal constituents at each station in 2019

a. The tidal combination with the largest annual average β value of the station; b. the tidal combination with the second annual average β value of the station; c. the third tidal combination with the third annual average β value of the station

, figureFileSmall=B2tBTXTBaZyl+r3NqeWIZw==, figureFileBig=3hvPgV2iMosEJpWgzLBPuw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225366137655967896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, language=CN, label=图6, caption=2019年各测站最主要3大分潮簇对潮汐不对称性的贡献度月际变化

a. 测站年均β值最大的分潮组合;b. 测站年均β值第二的分潮组合;c. 测站年均β值第三的分潮组合

, figureFileSmall=B2tBTXTBaZyl+r3NqeWIZw==, figureFileBig=3hvPgV2iMosEJpWgzLBPuw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225366137769214109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=The ratio of monthly contribution to tidal duration asymmetry over annual contribution to tidal duration asymmetry by the top three primary combinations of tidal constituents at each station in 2019

a. The tidal combination with the largest annual average β value of the station; b. the tidal combination with the second annual average β value of the station; c. the third tidal combination with the third annual average β value of the station

, figureFileSmall=Z9+WBdYT7XF1YbAAW2K1Ew==, figureFileBig=kURCAdM+s/zuSWR+SkydAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225366137903431842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, language=CN, label=图7, caption=2019年各测站3大分潮簇对潮汐不对称性的月均贡献度与年均贡献度比值

a. 测站年均β值最大的分潮组合;b. 测站年均β值第二的分潮组合;c. 测站年均β值第三的分潮组合

, figureFileSmall=Z9+WBdYT7XF1YbAAW2K1Ew==, figureFileBig=kURCAdM+s/zuSWR+SkydAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225366137995706532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Contributions and weights to tidal duration asymmetry by primary combinations of tidal constituents at Wenzhou Station and Longwan Station of varied years, figureFileSmall=w5IZILUHiw57yYZKc+GR/g==, figureFileBig=mAh+CowAKn8CZEuPeu8QYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225366138104758440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, language=CN, label=图8, caption=温州站与龙湾站不同年份的主要分潮组合对潮汐不对称性的贡献度和占总不对称性指标权重, figureFileSmall=w5IZILUHiw57yYZKc+GR/g==, figureFileBig=mAh+CowAKn8CZEuPeu8QYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225366138226393258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Test result of Mann-Kendall break of contribution to tidal duration asymmetry from the primary combinations of tidal constituents denoted by β and tidal skewness index (γ) in typical months at Wenzhou Station from year 2000 to 2019, figureFileSmall=uqyvcfoKcprmH4RlY5SMnQ==, figureFileBig=5E9LJuzQawxFHj1eKkGVPw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225366138327056558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, language=CN, label=图9, caption=温州站 2000−2019 年典型月份主要分潮簇对潮汐不对称性的贡献β值及偏态指标γ值 Mann-Kendall 跃变检验结果, figureFileSmall=uqyvcfoKcprmH4RlY5SMnQ==, figureFileBig=5E9LJuzQawxFHj1eKkGVPw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225366138431914164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Characteristics of tidal wave at each station in 2019

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测站南麂山大门岛龙湾温州东门村
最大潮差/m7.158.048.197.538.56
最大潮差发生时间(月/日)7/37/37/37/37/4
最小潮差/m1.411.561.992.221.70
最小潮差发生时间(月/日)12/612/61/2912/62/28
年均潮汐偏度($ \mathrm{\gamma } $)0.030.050.250.43−0.16
), ArticleFig(id=1225366138524188860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2019年各测站潮波基本特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测站南麂山大门岛龙湾温州东门村
最大潮差/m7.158.048.197.538.56
最大潮差发生时间(月/日)7/37/37/37/37/4
最小潮差/m1.411.561.992.221.70
最小潮差发生时间(月/日)12/612/61/2912/62/28
年均潮汐偏度($ \mathrm{\gamma } $)0.030.050.250.43−0.16
), ArticleFig(id=1225366138603880637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The seven primary combinations of tidal constituents at each station in 2019

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分潮簇南麂山站大门岛站龙湾站温州站东门村站
1O1/K1/M2M2/S2/MS4M2/M4M2/M4M2/M4
2M2/S2/MS4O1/K1/M2M2/S2/MS4M2/S2/MS4M2/S2/MS4
3K1/M2/MK3M2/M4M2/N2/MN4M2/N2/MN4O1/K1/M2
4M2/O1/MO3M2/K1/MK3M2/K1/MK3M2/M4/M6K1/P1/S2
5M2/N2/MN4M2/O1/MO3M2/K2/MK4M2/MS4/2MS6K1/K2
6K1/P1/S2M2/N2/MN4M2/K1/O1MU2/S2/M4MU2/S2/M4
7M2/K2/MK4S2/S4M2/O1/MO3M2/K2/MK4M2/M4/M6
), ArticleFig(id=1225366138666795200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

各测站2019年7个主要分潮簇

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分潮簇南麂山站大门岛站龙湾站温州站东门村站
1O1/K1/M2M2/S2/MS4M2/M4M2/M4M2/M4
2M2/S2/MS4O1/K1/M2M2/S2/MS4M2/S2/MS4M2/S2/MS4
3K1/M2/MK3M2/M4M2/N2/MN4M2/N2/MN4O1/K1/M2
4M2/O1/MO3M2/K1/MK3M2/K1/MK3M2/M4/M6K1/P1/S2
5M2/N2/MN4M2/O1/MO3M2/K2/MK4M2/MS4/2MS6K1/K2
6K1/P1/S2M2/N2/MN4M2/K1/O1MU2/S2/M4MU2/S2/M4
7M2/K2/MK4S2/S4M2/O1/MO3M2/K2/MK4M2/M4/M6
), ArticleFig(id=1225366138750681284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Mann-Kendall test value of contributions to tidal duration asymmetry by primary combinations of tidal constituents and tidal skewness at Wenzhou Station in June and November over 2000 to 2019

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间β−M2/M4β−M2/S2/MS4β−M2/N2/MN4γ
6月−4.44−0.68−0.68−3.21
11月−2.95−1.46−0.36−2.24
), ArticleFig(id=1225366140105441479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224799659705651422, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

温州站2000−2019年6月和11月份主要分潮簇对潮汐不对称性贡献值及月潮位偏度Mann-Kendall检验值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间β−M2/M4β−M2/S2/MS4β−M2/N2/MN4γ
6月−4.44−0.68−0.68−3.21
11月−2.95−1.46−0.36−2.24
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1146441459026210850, delFlag=0, nameCn=海洋学报, nameEn=Haiyang Xuebao, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=0253-4193, eissn=null, cn=11-2055/P, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=否, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=uYi7hkkrve+l8pIcwqcaQQ==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=null, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1751262543687, updatedTime=1761729782936, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=H, firstLetterEn=H, subjectCode=Natural Sciences, subjectName=Natural Sciences, subjectCodeEn=Natural Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=uYi7hkkrve+l8pIcwqcaQQ==, picEn=C0WLQb7uW3ok8EkkVOAGuw==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1190344242636624294, language=CN, name=海洋学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.hyxbocean.cn/, createdTime=1761729782971, updatedTime=1761729782971, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://www.hyxb.org.cn/aos/ch/author/login.aspx, submissionEditorUrl=http://www.hyxb.org.cn/aos/ch/login.aspx, submissionReviewUrl=http://www.hyxb.org.cn/aos/ch/auditor/login.aspx, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1190344242712121767, language=EN, name=Haiyang Xuebao, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.aosocean.com/, createdTime=1761729782989, updatedTime=1761729782989, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://www.hyxb.org.cn/aos/ch/author/login.aspx, submissionEditorUrl=http://www.hyxb.org.cn/aos/ch/login.aspx, submissionReviewUrl=http://www.hyxb.org.cn/aos/ch/auditor/login.aspx, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1149651085930835976, websiteList=[Website(id=1188165202219512001, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1149651085930835976, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1761210259251, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761210330879, updateBy=18614031015, name=海洋学报-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=海洋学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1188166688563413602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761210613623, updateTime=1761210613623, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166688538247775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761210613617, updateTime=1761210613617, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166688529859166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN/file/pic?fileId=BDEio/cxHnid8OD4QxrAYQ==, createTime=1761210613615, updateTime=1761210613615, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166688555024993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1761210613621, updateTime=1761210613621, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166688546636384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1761210613619, updateTime=1761210613619, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166688575996515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761210613626, updateTime=1761210613626, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166688596968036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761210613631, updateTime=1761210613631, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1188165202282426564, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1149651085930835976, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1761210259266, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761210377920, updateBy=18614031015, name=海洋学报-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Haiyang Xuebao, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1188166798101856873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761210639739, updateTime=1761210639739, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166798076691046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761210639733, updateTime=1761210639733, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166798068302437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/EN/file/pic?fileId=BDEio/cxHnid8OD4QxrAYQ==, createTime=1761210639731, updateTime=1761210639731, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166798093468264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1761210639737, updateTime=1761210639737, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166798085079655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1761210639735, updateTime=1761210639735, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166798106051178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761210639740, updateTime=1761210639740, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166798110245483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761210639741, updateTime=1761210639741, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=海洋学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=http://www.hyxbocean.cn/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Haiyang Xuebao, journalPhotoCn=uYi7hkkrve+l8pIcwqcaQQ==, journalPhotoEn=C0WLQb7uW3ok8EkkVOAGuw==, journalFirstLetter=H, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN/10.12284/hyxb2022096, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/EN/10.12284/hyxb2022096, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN/PDF/10.12284/hyxb2022096, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/EN/PDF/10.12284/hyxb2022096, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
温州湾海域潮形偏态时空分布特征研究
收藏切换
PDF下载
冯曦 1 , 周雨晨 1 , 孙凤明 2 , 徐欢 3 , 温世玮 1 , 孙壮 2 , 刘诗静 2 , 冯卫兵 1
海洋学报 | 论文 2022,44(7): 25-36
收起
收藏切换
海洋学报 | 论文 2022, 44(7): 25-36
温州湾海域潮形偏态时空分布特征研究
全屏
冯曦1 , 周雨晨1, 孙凤明2, 徐欢3, 温世玮1, 孙壮2, 刘诗静2, 冯卫兵1
作者信息
  • 1.河海大学 港口海岸与近海工程学院,江苏 南京 210098
  • 2.中国港湾工程有限责任公司,北京 100027
  • 3.江苏省水利工程科技咨询有限公司,江苏 南京 210003
  • 冯曦(1987-),女,江苏省南京市人,博士,主要从事海岸水动力和海岸带灾害研究。E-mail:

Study on spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of tidal skewness in the Wenzhou Bay
Xi Feng1 , Yuchen Zhou1, Fengming Sun2, Huan Xu3, Shiwei Wen1, Zhuang Sun2, Shijing Liu2, Weibing Feng1
Affiliations
  • 1. College of Harbour, Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
  • 2. China Harbour Engineering Company Ltd., Beijing 100027, China
  • 3. Jiangsu Province Water Engineering Sci-tech Consulting Company Ltd., Nanjing 210003, China
出版时间: 2022-07-01 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2022096
文章导航
收藏切换

人类活动引起的岸线变化影响着近岸海域的潮波在传播过程中的运动特征。本研究基于瓯江口与乐清湾5个验潮站,时间跨度为1984−2019年的逐时潮位实测资料,分析了该海域潮波形态的时空变化规律并解构造成潮汐不对称性的主要分潮簇的贡献度。研究发现,温州湾海域瓯江河口与乐清湾潮形有明显的不同,潮汐不对称性在瓯江河口涨潮占优,且向上游方向持续增大,但在乐清湾内则落潮占优。该海域潮汐不对称性呈现出明显的季节性变化特征。在6−7月、12月至翌年1月时$ \gamma $值达到最大。该海域潮汐不对称性主要由分潮组合M2/M4、M2/S2/MS4、M2/N2/MN4等分潮簇控制,分潮簇如M2/S2/MS4、M2/N2/MN4、O1/K1/M2的不对 称贡献度则表现出明显的季节性变化。从2000年起,温州湾海域涨潮占优的潮汐不对称性呈现逐渐减弱的趋势,这与瓯江河口频繁的海岸工程存在一定的联系。

潮形偏态  /  温州湾  /  分潮簇  /  岸线变动  /  季节性变化  /  年际变化  /  枯洪期

The changes of shoreline caused by human activities affect the kinematic characteristics of tidal wave in the propagation process. Based on the hourly tidal level data from five tidal stations in the Wenzhou Bay from 1984 to 2019, the temporal and spatial variation of tidal wave patterns in this area and deconstructed the contribution of major tidal clusters to the tidal asymmetry is analyzed in this study . The results show that the tidal patterns in Oujiang Estuary and Yueqing Bay, two semi-enclosed embayments of the Wenzhou Bay, are obviously different. The tidal symmetry of Oujiang Estuary is flood-dominant tide and the tidal asymmetry increases continuously in the upstream direction, whilst tide is ebb-dominant in Yueqing Bay. Moreover, the tidal asymmetry shows distinct seasonal variation. The skewness ($ \gamma $) reaches maximum in June to July and December to January in the Wenzhou Bay. The tidal asymmetry in this area is mainly controlled by the component groups such as M2/M4, M2/S2/MS4 and M2/N2/MN4. The skewness caused by nonlinear interactions from M2/S2/MS4, M2/N2/MN4, O1/K1/M2 shows obvious seasonal variation. Since 2000, the tidal asymmetry of Wenzhou Bay has been decreasing, which is related to the frequent reclamation surrounding the Oujiang Estuary.

tidal skewness  /  Wenzhou Bay  /  tidal clusters  /  shoreline changes  /  seasonal variability  /  yearly variability  /  flood-dry seasons
冯曦, 周雨晨, 孙凤明, 徐欢, 温世玮, 孙壮, 刘诗静, 冯卫兵. 温州湾海域潮形偏态时空分布特征研究. 海洋学报, 2022 , 44 (7) : 25 -36 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2022096
Xi Feng, Yuchen Zhou, Fengming Sun, Huan Xu, Shiwei Wen, Zhuang Sun, Shijing Liu, Weibing Feng. Study on spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of tidal skewness in the Wenzhou Bay[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2022 , 44 (7) : 25 -36 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2022096
潮形在近海的传播与演变直接关系着海岸工程的安全可靠性,是海岸建筑设计标准的依据,同时也是海岸带防灾、减灾工作中不可忽略的海动力要素之一。潮形偏态不仅影响着海岸地区的泥沙、盐度、营养盐及污染物的运移,同时也影响着洪水、风暴潮的预报。Nidzieko[1]提出用水位时间导数的偏度来定量潮形偏态,偏度的绝对值表示潮汐不对称性的强度,正负表示其方向。正偏代表涨潮历时短、流速强,负偏反之。潮汐不对称性的变化呈现出从月内至季节性乃至年际变化的特征。例如,长江口的径流使得潮汐不对称性呈现出显著的枯洪期差异[2]。海岸工程对河口及近海潮动力的变化也起到重要影响,在江苏连云港至南通的围垦工程,使得该海域的潮汐不对称性质甚至在部分岸段发生改变[3]
温州湾海域属于中强潮海域,岛屿密集,地形复杂。瓯江是浙江第二大河,出温州湾汇入东海。乐清湾位于瓯江口东北方向,三面环山,有一口门与外海相连,是我国较大的淤泥质港湾之一,湾内资源多样(图1)。近几十年来,随着经济发展,瓯江口与乐清湾范围内有多个围垦工程落成或正在实施中,岸线变化剧烈。短周期的水文环境变化和长周期的岸线变迁都会影响潮波行进过程中的传播规律。而作为沿岸经济发达、人口稠密的湾区,准确预报该海域的潮位对维护地方经济安全和防灾减灾工作意义重大。前期各位学者的研究对了解该海域的潮汐特性有了一定的积累。研究表明,乐清湾湾内潮汐不对称性表现为落潮占优[4],而在瓯江口海域,潮汐不对称性表现为涨潮占优[5]。童朝锋等[4]通过对比分析2003年与2010年乐清湾内部分潮位资料发现,同月湾内落潮主导的性状有所减弱。另一方面,张伯虎等[6]对1960−2014年实测潮位资料进行分析,发现自温州站及其上游河段涨潮主导趋势有所减弱。上述研究认为,潮汐不对称性的变化与湾内外或河口内外的围垦或河口采砂相关[46],这对本文的研究主体具有一定的启发意义。然而,受限于所用资料的全面性,前者的发现是否具有普适性有待商榷;后者的发现局限于瓯江上游河段,而对于河口及外海疏于分析。同时,上述研究对于短时间内潮形的连续变化和内部成因未做深入分析。由于研究区域和关注点的不同,前期研究成果相对碎片化。因此,有必要从空间和时间两个维度对温州湾海域潮形偏态的分布特征进行系统研究。本文将从以下3个角度,对该海域潮汐不对称性进行重点探讨:(1)空间上纵横向的分布规律;(2)月内至年际的演变趋势;(3)导致潮形偏态变化的主要成因。
本研究选取了温州站、龙湾站、大门岛站、东门村站以及南麂山站的潮位数据用于分析。各水文站点的位置分布如图1所示。2019年龙湾站(27°58′N,120°48′E)已迁移至灵昆站(27°58′N,120°51′E),为方便说明,以下均以龙湾站代指。
Nidzieko[1]利用水位时间导数的偏度($\gamma $)来定量表示潮汐不对称性,公式为
$ \mathrm{\gamma }=\frac{\displaystyle\frac{1}{N-1}\sum _{i=1}^{N}{\left({\eta '_{i}}-\overline{\eta'}\right)}^{3}}{{\left[\displaystyle\frac{1}{N-1}\sum _{i=1}^{N}{\left({\eta'_{i}}-\overline{\eta '}\right)}^{2}\right]}^{\frac{3}{2}}}, $
式中,${\eta '_{i}}$为水位对时间的导数;$\overline{\eta {'}}$为水位对时间导数的平均值;N为潮位序列长度。$ \mathrm{\gamma } $为正代表涨潮主导,为负则代表落潮主导。
Song等[7]根据Nidzieko提出的偏度计算方法,引入分潮,得到了计算不同分潮组合对潮汐不对称性贡献值的定量方法。已知只有波浪频率满足$ 2{\omega }_{1}={\omega }_{2} $或$ {\omega }_{1}+{\omega }_{2}={\omega }_{3} $时,分潮之间的相互作用才会产生不对称性。对于这两种类型的分潮组合,分别采用$ {\beta }_{2} $和$ {\beta }_{3} $表示两种分潮和3种分潮相互作用产生的对潮汐不对称性贡献度:
$ {\beta }_{2}=\frac{\displaystyle\frac{3}{4}{a}_{1}^{2}{\omega }_{1}^{2}{a}_{2}{\omega }_{2}\mathrm{sin}(2{\phi }_{1}-{\phi }_{2})}{{\left(\displaystyle\frac{1}{2}\sum _{i=1}^{N}{a}_{i}^{2}{\omega }_{i}^{2}\right)}^{\frac{3}{2}}}\text{,}2{\omega }_{1}={\omega }_{2} \text{,} $
$ {\beta }_{3}=\frac{\displaystyle\frac{3}{2}{a}_{1}{\omega }_{1}{a}_{2}{\omega }_{2}{a}_{3}{\omega }_{3}\mathrm{sin}({\phi }_{1}+{\phi }_{2}-{\phi }_{3})}{{\left(\displaystyle\frac{1}{2}\sum _{i=1}^{N}{a}_{i}^{2}{\omega }_{i}^{2}\right)}^{\frac{3}{2}}}\text{,}{\omega }_{1}+{\omega }_{2}={\omega }_{3}\text{,} $
式中,$ {a}_{i} $、$ {\omega }_{i} $、$ {\phi }_{i} $分别为对应分潮的振幅、频率与迟角。$\ \beta $值为正,代表涨潮占优,$ \ \beta $值为负,代表落潮占优。
本研究中使用潮汐调和分析工具包T_TIDE对实测资料进行调和常数的分析和天文潮潮位过程线的提取[8]。在天文潮潮位过程线的基础上,使用文献[1]的方法进行偏度分析,更进一步地,本文使用文献[7]的方法进行不同分潮组合对潮汐不对称性的贡献值计算。
该海域表现为规则半日潮。每天的两次潮涨潮落伴随着一组高高潮、低低潮、高低潮以及低高潮(图2)。表1从南麂山站−大门岛站−龙湾站−温州站方向上,即从外海−瓯江河口−感潮河段,潮汐振幅先增大后减小。这与河口地区地形束窄相关[9-10],而进入潮波沿河道上溯期间受到底部和侧边界摩阻以及径流影响,潮能逐渐衰减。位于乐清湾湾内深处的东门村站处,潮汐振幅最大。乐清湾水深较浅,且入射波进入半封闭湾区与反射波叠加易形成类驻波,从而引起湾内振幅变大。不仅如此,湾内的共振效应也会引起潮波振幅的放大[11-12]
图2a图2e分别为所选5个测站在2019年2月、3月潮位线、潮差与偏度变化曲线。观察图中曲线可知,在5个测站中,潮汐不对称性随着大小潮的周期变化而变化,并且变化趋势一致:在大潮期间偏度值达到最大值且均为正值;小潮期间偏度值达到最小值。其中,东门村站1个月内只有少数几天$ \mathrm{\gamma } $为正值,即乐清湾深处海域多数时间落潮占优;大门岛站与南麂山站涨潮占优与落潮占优历时相当;瓯江口内的龙湾站与温洲站多数时间以涨潮占优。
温州湾海域内各个测站在2019年的潮汐不对称性呈现出相似的变化趋势:偏度值先降低,在3月、4月达到低谷,而后逐渐增大,至6月、7月达到峰值后降低,9月、10月为又一个低谷,而后呈上升趋势直至12月及翌年1月(图3a)。5个测站中,东门村站1年内偏度$ \gamma $均小于0,即乐清湾湾内深处的东门村站处海域的潮汐不对称性在2019年全年为落潮主导;其余4个测站偏度$ \gamma $均为正值,其中大门岛站与南麂山站偏度值接近于0,说明该两处海域的潮汐不对称性以涨潮为主导,但是并不显著;瓯江口内的龙湾站与温州站偏度$ \gamma $值较大,温州站处的涨潮占优在各测站中最强。
观察图3b,分析可知,温州站在不同年份的潮汐不对称性季节性变化趋势基本相同:即潮汐不对称性在夏季(6−7月)和冬季(12至翌年1月)时最强,而春、秋季明显减弱。但潮汐不对称性的年均值存在明显的年际变化。观察曲线可知,1984年与1990年的偏度$ \gamma $较为接近,1990−2010年出现明显的降低,2010年起则变化不大。根据调查,1990−2000年间瓯江口地区建设了较大的海岸工程,如瓯北江涂围垦、杨府山围垦、永兴南片围垦等。温州湾海域多年的岸线变动见图3c
潮汐偏态指标的下降与前期研究相符,从20世纪90年代起至2014年,温州站年际平均的高潮位增大,低潮位降低,涨潮历时增加而落潮历时减少[6]。由于潮差的增大与河道内水深加深,河床高程降低、河床容积和纳潮量相关,张伯虎等[6]推测潮形变化与河口至上游河段的挖沙活动相关。他们指出,河床容积增大,会使得纳潮量和涨潮流增大。此外,温州湾附近落建的瓯北江涂围垦以及杨府山围垦工程都会改变周遭的水动力环境;且河口外的永兴南片围垦、定山一期围垦等工程也会改变河口及外海的水动力环境,因而改变潮流及纳潮量。为进一步分析潮形年际变化的主要原因,本文对分潮能量分布规律的年代际演变趋势进行进一步探讨。图4展示了各分潮在空间和时间上的分布规律。
为了便于在图中观察分潮振幅变化趋势,图4a中用于作图的M2分潮振幅取实际值与1.0 m的差值。可以看出,在温洲站海域半日M2分潮振幅最大,S2次之,日潮K1分潮、O1分潮振幅较小。由图4a可见,在南麂山站−大门岛站−龙湾站−温洲站方向上,即从外海−瓯江河口−感潮河段,天文分潮变化趋势相同,自外海至河口内振幅逐渐增大,至中下游振幅减小。东门村站(即乐清湾顶端)与外海相比,天文分潮振幅明显大于其余测站。浅水分潮自外海向近岸有较小幅度的增长,进入河口后涨幅显著增大,这与河口及湾内的浅滩遍布、底摩阻大、涨落潮阻力增大密切相关。
图4b为温洲站处海域各年主要分潮振幅。M2和S2分潮振幅在1990−2010年间大幅增大(0.1~0.3 m),而浅水分潮(如M4、MS4)振幅在1990−2010年间则明显减小(约−0.3 m)。河口地区受水深减小、底摩阻增加等因素,倍潮和合成潮的生成直接导致了涨落潮的历时不对称性且呈正偏趋势。而上述分潮能量向半日天文分潮集中的现象则解释了偏度$ \gamma $在1990−2010年间减小的态势。在后续研究中,需要结合水动力数值模拟进而阐释分潮能量演变的动力机制。
结合3.3节、3.4节内容,可知天文分潮(主要指M2、S2)振幅的增大,浅水分潮(M4、MS4等)振幅的减小会引起潮汐不对称性中涨潮主导的减弱。
由于温州湾海域受台风季以及瓯江口径流量的影响,猜测这些影响因素或与潮汐不对称性呈现出季节性变化规律有关。为了进一步了解瓯江口径流量与该地区潮汐不对称性之间的联系,本文选取各测站枯汛期的偏度值作比值以及温州站不同年份枯汛期的偏度值作比值进行比较。1984−2020年瓯江口的年均径流量(以翻水站为例)在300~700 m3/s之间。根据降雨量的年变化规律(图5a),枯水期选择为11−12月,丰水期选择为6−7月。
观察图5b可知,以2019年为例,5个测站丰水期与枯水期的比值皆接近于1,除东门村站,其余测站皆表现为丰水期$ \gamma $值略大于枯水期$ \gamma $值。其中,大门岛站的丰水期$ \gamma $与枯水期$ \gamma $比值为1.169,龙湾站、温州站及南麂山站的丰水期$ \gamma $与枯水期$ \gamma $比值在1.045~1.097之间。观察图5c可知,1990−2019年间温州站处的丰水期$ \gamma $皆略大于枯水期$ \gamma $,比值范围在1.024~1.070之间。在1984年,其枯水期$ \gamma $略大于丰水期$ \gamma $,丰枯水期的$ \gamma $比值为0.994。瓯江径流对潮汐不对称性的作用并不显著,这与瓯江口为潮控河口,径流量相对较小相关。
本节为分析各测站主要分潮组合的年内变化,以2019年为例,计算每个分潮簇产生的潮汐不对称性贡献度$ \ \beta $,取各站$ \ \beta $绝对值最大的7个分潮簇列表2。其中,东门村站最主要3个分潮簇(按照$\ \beta $绝对值大小,下同)依次为$ {\mathrm{M}}_{2}/{\mathrm{M}}_{4} $、 $ {\mathrm{M}}_{2}/{\mathrm{S}}_{2}/{\mathrm{M}\mathrm{S}}_{4} $与${\mathrm{O}}_{1}/{\mathrm{K}}_{1}/{\mathrm{M}}_{2}$,大门岛站为${\mathrm{M}}_{2}/{\mathrm{S}}_{2}/{\mathrm{M}\mathrm{S}}_{4}$、${\mathrm{O}}_{1}/{\mathrm{K}}_{1}/{\mathrm{M}}_{2}$与$ {\mathrm{M}}_{2}/{\mathrm{M}}_{4} $,温州站、龙湾站为$ {\mathrm{M}}_{2}/{\mathrm{M}}_{4} $、$ {\mathrm{M}}_{2}/{\mathrm{S}}_{2}/{\mathrm{M}\mathrm{S}}_{4} $与${\mathrm{M}}_{2}/{\mathrm{N}}_{2}/{\mathrm{M}\mathrm{N}}_{4}$,南麂山站为${\mathrm{O}}_{1}/{\mathrm{K}}_{1}/ {\mathrm{M}}_{2}$、${\mathrm{M}}_{2}/{\mathrm{S}}_{2}/{\mathrm{M}\mathrm{S}}_{4}$与$ {\mathrm{K}}_{1}/{\mathrm{M}}_{2}/{\mathrm{M}\mathrm{K}}_{3} $。
图6a图6c可见,在东门村站处,$ {\mathrm{M}}_{2}/{\mathrm{M}}_{4} $与M2/S2/MS4分潮簇的$ \ \beta $在一年内皆小于0,即潮汐偏态以落潮为主导。而在龙湾站与温州站位置,$ {\mathrm{M}}_{2}/{\mathrm{M}}_{4} $、$ {\mathrm{M}}_{2}/{\mathrm{S}}_{2}/{\mathrm{M}\mathrm{S}}_{4} $的$ \ \beta $均为正值,且各分潮簇在温州站处的$ \ \beta $明显大于龙湾站处对应的$ \ \beta $,即在瓯江口内各分潮组合产生的潮汐不对称性为涨潮主导型不对称,并且从河口向上游增强。在瓯江口外的大门岛站,3个主要分潮组合的$ \ \beta $皆为正值,但明显小于龙湾站与温州站处的$ \ \beta $值。不同于东门村站、龙湾站及温州站,大门岛站处前二主要分潮簇依次为$ {\mathrm{M}}_{2}/{\mathrm{S}}_{2}/{\mathrm{M}\mathrm{S}}_{4} $与$ {\mathrm{O}}_{1}/{\mathrm{K}}_{1}/ {\mathrm{M}}_{2} $,分潮簇$ {\mathrm{M}}_{2}/{\mathrm{M}}_{4} $的贡献在减弱。到了远离岸线的南麂山站,分潮簇$ {\mathrm{M}}_{2}/{\mathrm{M}}_{4} $已不属于3个主要分潮组合。而分潮组合M2/S2/MS4、$ {\mathrm{O}}_{1}/{\mathrm{K}}_{1}/{\mathrm{M}}_{2} $的则相反,其潮汐偏态逐渐向外海增强,除乐清湾以外,皆为涨潮主导潮型。
图6可以发现,各个分潮簇的$ \ \beta $值在年内均存在季节性变化,图6右下角的图例由深变浅代表1−12月份,所对应的0.05或0.005代表潮汐偏度值,即图6中柱状图的参考高度。为进一步分析季节性变化的强度,图7计算了各测站前三分潮组合的$ \ \beta $月均值与年均值的比值。图7a显示了每个测站年$ \ \beta $值最大的分潮组合:东门村站、龙湾站及温州站为$ {\mathrm{M}}_{2}/{\mathrm{M}}_{4} $,大门岛站为$ {\mathrm{M}}_{2}/{\mathrm{S}}_{2}/{\mathrm{M}\mathrm{S}}_{4} $,南麂山站为$ {\mathrm{O}}_{1}/{\mathrm{K}}_{1}/{\mathrm{M}}_{2} $。观察可知,近岸的东门村、龙湾站、温州站处M2/M4分潮组合季节变化较之其余测站变化并不明显,在3−5月间$ \ \beta $有微弱减小,而后略微升高,在8月时达到一年中的最大值,8−11月$ \ \beta $继续降低,1−3月、11−12月期间$ \ \beta $略微呈升高趋势。大门岛站、南麂山站处的最大分潮组合的$ \ \beta $存在类似的明显季节变化,1−3月$ \ \beta $值明显降低,在3月达到最低值,而后迅速增大,6月时达到最大值,6−9月再继续降低至低值,而后呈现明显增大趋势。
图7b代表每个测站年$ \beta $值第二的分潮组合:东门村站、龙湾站、温州站及南麂山站为$ {\mathrm{M}}_{2}/{\mathrm{S}}_{2}/{\mathrm{M}\mathrm{S}}_{4} $,大门岛站为$ {\mathrm{O}}_{1}/{\mathrm{K}}_{1}/{\mathrm{M}}_{2} $。其变化趋势皆与大门岛站的$ {\mathrm{M}}_{2}/ {\mathrm{S}}_{2}/{\mathrm{M}\mathrm{S}}_{4} $,南麂山站的$ {\mathrm{O}}_{1}/{\mathrm{K}}_{1}/{\mathrm{M}}_{2} $类似,存在明显的季节变化,大门岛站的分潮组合$ \beta $值在1−2月、6−9月呈明显减小趋势,3−6月、9−12月则呈现为明显的增大趋势。其余测站其变化趋势与大门岛站处类似,但其变化存在1个月的延迟。
图7c代表每个测站年$ \beta $值第三的分潮组合:东门村站为${\mathrm{O}}_{1}/{\mathrm{K}}_{1}/{\mathrm{M}}_{2}$、大门岛站为$ {\mathrm{M}}_{2}/{\mathrm{M}}_{4} $、龙湾站和温州站为${\mathrm{M}}_{2}/{\mathrm{N}}_{2}/{\mathrm{M}\mathrm{N}}_{4}$、南麂山站为$ {\mathrm{K}}_{1}/{\mathrm{M}}_{2}/{\mathrm{M}\mathrm{K}}_{3} $。各站分潮组合的$ \beta $值均存在显著季节变化。东门村站、龙湾站、温州站处的分潮组合$ \beta $值在3月、10月达到低值,6月达到高值;大门岛站的分潮组合M2/M4的$ \beta $值变化趋势与东门村站、龙湾站、温州站处的$ {\mathrm{M}}_{2}/{\mathrm{M}}_{4} $变化相似,季节性变化较不明显;南麂山站处其分潮组合的$ \beta $值在4月、10月达到低值,7月达高值。
可见,天文分潮M2及其第一倍潮M4在4个测站位置产生的潮汐不对称性在年内较为稳定,季节变化小,并且在越近岸处对潮汐不对称性的贡献越大,随着逐渐远离岸线,其贡献逐渐减小。其余分潮簇则存在明显的季节变化,在冬季与夏季对潮汐不对称性的贡献最为显著,在春季与秋季对潮汐不对称性的贡献则最弱。
图8为龙湾站与温州站在不同年份5个主要分潮簇对潮汐不对称性的贡献值(图8a1,图8b1)及占总不对称性指标权重(图8a2,图8b2)。观察图8a1、图8b2可知,在选取的年份中,对温州站处潮汐不对称性产生正影响的前三分潮簇保持为M2/M4、M2/S2/MS4、M2/N2/MN4,其对温州站处潮汐不对称性产生正偏作用的贡献度在减小。另一方面,在1984年与1990年,对潮汐不对称性向落潮主导方向产生贡献最明显的分潮组合为MU2/S2/M4。在1984年和1990年未观测到其β值的明显变化,其对落潮主导的潮汐不对称性贡献度逐渐减少,权重减小;而在2000年$ \beta $值为负的主要分潮簇为M2/M4/M6、M2/MS4/2MS6,负偏分潮簇的权重相较2000年之前增加,对落潮主导的潮汐不对称性贡献度逐渐增加。由图8b1、图8b2可见,龙湾站与温州站前三的分潮簇相同,且贡献度均为正值。此3大主要分潮簇对龙湾站的潮汐不对称性贡献度呈现出减小的趋势,其所占权重在2006−2016年间趋于减小,而在2016−2019年间稍有增加。
为进一步检验上述演变趋势的显著性,本文以温州站2000−2019年丰水期典型6月及11月内分潮簇M2/M4、M2/S2/MS4、M2/N2/MN4对潮汐不对称性的月贡献度$ \beta $以及月潮位偏度$ \gamma $为研究对象,采用Mann-Kendall检验Z值法进行趋势和跃变性检验,给定显著性水平$ \alpha $=0.05。当Z>0时,说明变量呈上升趋势,Z<0时,呈下降趋势。95%显著区间的上下线为Z=±1.96,检验值$ Z $列于表3,根据Mann-Kendall突变检验绘制UF曲线见图9
表3可见,分潮簇M2/M4在6月、11月的贡献度与月潮位偏度$ \gamma $都存在着显著的下降趋势,并且6月的下降水平显著高于11月。而分潮簇M2/S2/MS4、M2/N2/MN4的下降趋势不明显。这说明在温州站潮汐不对称性的减弱主要受到分潮簇M2/M4贡献度下降的影响。
图9可知,分潮簇M2/M4在丰水期6月的贡献度在2002−2012年之间下降,其中2008−2012年间下降趋势显著,但没有显著的跃变节点。分潮簇M2/M4在枯水期11月的贡献在2003−2016年之间下降,并在2011年发生跃变,此后下降显著。丰水期潮位偏度跃变年份在2006年,而枯水期潮位偏度跃变发生在2007年。这一影响主要源自分潮簇M2/M4对潮汐不对称性涨潮主导的贡献下降。枯水期和丰水期的潮汐偏态和主要分潮簇的发展趋势在温州站总体较接近,年限上略有差异。这说明与河口和上游地区的人类活动(围垦等)相比较,年内的主要环境变量如降雨、径流的干扰性相对较弱。上述下降趋势显著开始的年份和跃变节点也与瓯江口大规模的浅滩一期围垦工程时间上密切对应:该工程于2006年开始施工,于2011年完成。说明河口大规模的施工和施工后岸线的重塑对瓯江口的地形和径潮运动产生了明显的作用。
在开敞式海域,外海向近岸方向上,潮差与潮汐偏态往往同步上升。然而,感潮河段(温州站)相对河口潮差减弱,但潮汐偏态持续增高。经分析,主要原因在于M2、S2两大主要分潮的能量在感潮河段持续减弱(振幅减小10%~12%),而浅水分潮M4、MS4、MN4能量急剧攀升(振幅增加850%~1 200%)。半日分潮的能量迅速向倍潮及合成分潮转移是导致瓯江河口上游潮差与潮汐偏态不一致的主要原因。
潮汐偏态在瓯江河口的年际变动则与浅水分潮能量的减少及半日分潮能量的增加有关。经分析,截至2019年,除去18.61 a、8.85 a等长周期变化后,M2分潮振幅、S2分潮振幅较1984年分别增大了19%、21%;而M4分潮振幅、MS4分潮振幅则减小了20%左右。由于分潮簇中相对相位变化不超过7%,浅水分潮振幅相对半日分潮的振幅锐减(−40%~−20%),主导了潮汐偏态的年际变化。温州湾海域在1990−2010年期间大量岸线加固和围垦工程(图5c)使得瓯江口和感潮河段两侧浅滩消失可能是主导浅水分潮能量下降的主要原因。潮差加大使瓯江口两岸高水位发生概率增加;另一方面涨潮占优减弱,使得瓯江口底沙及淡水营养物质向海运动几率增大。
本文通过对温州湾海域潮位资料的系统研究,分析了该海域潮汐不对称性的时空分布特征和内在机制。主要结论如下:
(1)温州湾海域以涨潮占优为主,在地理空间分布上,潮汐不对称性与潮差分布有所不同。潮差从外海至河口及湾内呈现出逐渐增大的规律,在瓯江口上游逐渐减小。而潮汐不对称性在瓯江河口上游持续增大,但在乐清湾内则减小,甚至呈落潮占优。
(2)在温州湾海域,潮汐不对称性和潮差均存在明显的大小潮周期性,相位亦相同。
(3)温州湾海域潮汐不对称性有着季节性变化和年际变化特征;20世纪90年代后,潮汐不对称性呈现逐渐减小的趋势,这与瓯江河口频繁的围垦存在一定的联系。
(4)导致海域潮汐不对称性的主要分潮簇为M2/M4、M2/S2/MS4、M2/N2/MN4、O1/K1/M2。其中,分潮组合M2/M4的$ \beta $值年内变化不明显,而分潮组合如M2/N2/MN4、M2/S2/MS4、O1/K1/M2的$ \beta $值则表现出明显的季节性变化。主要分潮簇的正偏贡献率在2000年后均减小,是造成涨潮占优趋于减小的主要原因。
  • 中长周期波浪条件下港口工程建造关键技术研究(ZJ2015-1)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
1
Nidzieko N J. Tidal asymmetry in estuaries with mixed semidiurnal/diurnal tides[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans, 2010, 115(C8): C08006.
2
张蔚, 郁夏琰, 徐怡, 等. 三峡流量调节对长江口潮汐不对称的影响[J]. 河海大学学报(自然科学版), 2020, 48(2): 143−149.
Zhang Wei, Yu Xiayan, Xu Yi, et al. Influence of discharge regulation by Three Gorges Dam on tidal asymmetry in Yangtze Estuary[J]. Journal of Hohai University (Natural Sciences), 2020, 48(2): 143−149.
3
Feng Xi, Feng Hui. On the role of anthropogenic activity and sea-level-rise in tidal distortion on the open coast of the Yellow Sea Shelf[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2021, 126(3): e2020JC016583.
4
童朝锋, 安福伟, 章家保, 等. 乐清湾内外潮波变形及不对称性分析[J]. 海洋工程, 2020, 38(3): 113−123.
Tong Chaofeng, An Fuwei, Zhang Jiabao, et al. Analysis of deformation and asymmetry of tidal waves inside and outside Yueqing Bay[J]. The Ocean Engineering, 2020, 38(3): 113−123.
5
李谊纯, 徐群. 瓯江口内外潮汐不对称研究[J]. 水利水运工程学报, 2013(5): 61−65.
Li Yichun, Xu Qun. A study of tidal asymmetry in Oujiang Estuary[J]. Hydro-Science and Engineering, 2013(5): 61−65.
6
张伯虎, 潘冬子, 胡成飞. 瓯江河口潮汐特征变化及其原因分析[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2017, 26(11): 1857−1864.
Zhang Bohu, Pan Dongzi, Hu Chengfei. Change of tidal characteristics in the Ou-Jiang Estuary[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2017, 26(11): 1857−1864.
7
Song Dehai, Wang Xiaohua, Kiss A E, et al. The contribution to tidal asymmetry by different combinations of tidal constituents[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2011, 116(C12): C12007.
8
Pawlowicz R, Beardsley B, Lentz S. Classical tidal harmonic analysis including error estimates in MATLAB using T_TIDE[J]. Computers & Geosciences, 2002, 28(8): 929−937.
9
Blanton B O, Werner F E, Seim H E, et al. Barotropic tides in the South Atlantic Bight[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2004, 109(C12): C12024.
10
Feng Xi, Feng Hui, Li Huichao, et al. Tidal responses to future sea level trends on the Yellow Sea Shelf[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2019, 124(11): 7285−7306.
11
Idier D, Paris F, Cozannet G L, et al. Sea-level rise impacts on the tides of the European Shelf[J]. Continental Shelf Research, 2017, 137: 56−71.
12
Feng Hui, Feng Xi, Feng Weibing, et al. Sensitivity of tides and tidal components to sea-level-rise in the Radial Sand Ridges[J]. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 2021, 47: 101918.
2022年第44卷第7期
PDF下载
128
50
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.12284/hyxb2022096
  • 接收时间:2021-08-12
  • 首发时间:2026-02-01
  • 出版时间:2022-07-01
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-12
  • 修回日期:2021-11-28
基金
中长周期波浪条件下港口工程建造关键技术研究(ZJ2015-1)
作者信息
    1.河海大学 港口海岸与近海工程学院,江苏 南京 210098
    2.中国港湾工程有限责任公司,北京 100027
    3.江苏省水利工程科技咨询有限公司,江苏 南京 210003
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN/10.12284/hyxb2022096
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏