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Article(id=1224798731577479717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1224798727609663509, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12284/hyxb2022011, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1610985600000, receivedDateStr=2021-01-19, revisedDate=1622822400000, revisedDateStr=2021-06-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1769944373268, onlineDateStr=2026-02-01, pubDate=1667232000000, pubDateStr=2022-11-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1769944373268, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-01, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1769944373268, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1769944373268, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1224798727609663509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2022', volume='44', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='190', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1769944372322, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1769996107149, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1225015719264403523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1224798727609663509, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1225015719264403524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1224798727609663509, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=88, endPage=98, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1224798732290511427, articleId=1224798731577479717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=The genesis, accumulation model and exploration significance of Y gas field in X Sag, East China Sea Basin, columnId=1194652705852465724, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the genesis of natural gas of Y gas field, and establish accumulation model to guide the next exploration deployment in X Sag, East China Sea Basin. Based on the analyses of natural gas composition, carbon isotope of alkane gas, light hydrocarbon and biomarker compound of condensate oil, this paper systematically studies the genetic types and sources of oil and gas, establishes the reservoir accumulation model of Y large and medium-sized gas field, and puts forward the exploration direction of large and medium-sized gas field. The analyses of carbon isotope, light hydrocarbon and burial history show that the natural gas in Y gas field is highly mature coal type gas generated by the source rocks of middle Eocene Pinghu formation in the sag during the Longjing movement period (13 Ma BP). The characteristics of pristane/phytane and regular sterane of condensate oil reflect that the source rocks of middle Eocene Pinghu formation in the central sag are developed in tidal flat and lagoon sedimentary environment with weak oxidation weak reduction, and there are a certain number of lower aquatic organisms in the hydrocarbon generating parent material. Y gas field has a spatiotemporal coupling reservoir accumulation model of “Pinghu formation source rock, Huagang formation large channel sand reservoir and Mid-Miocene compressional tectonism” in the central sag. It is clear that the compressional anticline belt in the central sag is the main exploration direction of large and medium-sized gas fields in X Sag.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2022 Pratacultural Science. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yingzhao Zhang, Senqing Hu, Zhongyun Chen, Hua Cai, Yiming Jiang, Hui Diao, Chao Wang), CN=ArticleExt(id=1224798735738229400, articleId=1224798731577479717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=东海盆地X凹陷Y气田的天然气成因、成藏模式及勘探意义, columnId=1149698756456657529, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本文旨在厘清东海盆地X凹陷Y气田天然气成因，建立成藏模式，以指导下步勘探部署。本文从天然气组分、烷烃气碳同位素、轻烃、凝析油生物标志化合物等分析入手，系统研究了油气成因类型及来源，并结合构造演化史、生烃史分析，建立了Y气田成藏模式，提出了大中型气田的勘探方向。主要认识如下：（1）天然气组分碳同位素、轻烃和埋藏史分析表明，Y气田天然气为凹中始新统平湖组烃源岩在龙井运动期（距今13 Ma）生成的高成熟煤型气；（2）凝析油姥鲛烷/植烷、规则甾烷等特征，反映了凹中区平湖组烃源岩发育于弱氧化−弱还原潮坪、潟湖沉积环境，生烃母质中存在一定数量的低等水生生物；（3）Y气田具有“凹中区平湖组烃源岩、花港组大型水道砂储集体、挤压构造作用”时空耦合的成藏模式，明确了凹中挤压背斜带是X凹陷大中型气田勘探的主攻方向。

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张迎朝，胡森清，陈忠云，等. 东海盆地X凹陷Y气田的天然气成因、成藏模式及勘探意义[J]. 海洋学报，2022，44(11)：88–98Zhang Yingzhao，Hu Senqing，Chen Zhongyun, et al. The genesis, accumulation model and exploration significance of Y gas field in X Sag, East China Sea Basin[J]. Haiyang Xuebao，2022, 44(11)：88–98
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张迎朝（1971—），男，广东省普宁市人，教授级高级工程师，主要从事海洋油气勘探研究。E-mail:

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张迎朝（1971—），男，广东省普宁市人，教授级高级工程师，主要从事海洋油气勘探研究。E-mail:

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张迎朝（1971—），男，广东省普宁市人，教授级高级工程师，主要从事海洋油气勘探研究。E-mail:

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journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224798731577479717, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=The relationship between measured Ro and depth of Y gas field in X Sag, figureFileSmall=QEz9YQqEiqDbBiWqbtIkNA==, figureFileBig=1z77aWTp22ygLzh3ZZ+MXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225369395032142268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224798731577479717, language=CN, label=图5, caption=X凹陷Y气田区实测Ro与深度关系, figureFileSmall=QEz9YQqEiqDbBiWqbtIkNA==, figureFileBig=1z77aWTp22ygLzh3ZZ+MXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225369396370125248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224798731577479717, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=The burial history of Y gas field in X Sag, figureFileSmall=Do0l1ftvAi/zUa+mwt7Zig==, figureFileBig=/NleY4QQuadXWFZtx32RlQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225369396491760066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224798731577479717, language=CN, label=图6, caption=X 凹陷 Y 气田区地层埋藏史, figureFileSmall=Do0l1ftvAi/zUa+mwt7Zig==, figureFileBig=/NleY4QQuadXWFZtx32RlQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225369396625977799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224798731577479717, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Large and medium-sized natural gas accumulation model coupled with “source rock, reservoir and tectonism” in X Sag, East China Sea Basin, figureFileSmall=cLzD0OV9bRcnzCPWbQ+L/g==, figureFileBig=lTZSv0eGYl8NH3+dTHnduQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225369396739224012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224798731577479717, language=CN, label=图7, caption=东海盆地X凹陷“烃源岩、储层、构造作用”耦合的大中型天然气成藏模式, figureFileSmall=cLzD0OV9bRcnzCPWbQ+L/g==, figureFileBig=lTZSv0eGYl8NH3+dTHnduQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225369396839887310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224798731577479717, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Source rock quality of Pinghu formation in west slope compared tocentral structural belt of X Sag，East China Sea Basin, figureFileSmall=zs/+mIRDQjHxFm3SdVqW+Q==, figureFileBig=CuKfET6oUBnSXJIqgb5Yxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225369396923773393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224798731577479717, language=CN, label=图8, caption=东海盆地 X 凹陷西部斜坡带和凹中挤压背斜带平湖组烃源岩品质对比, figureFileSmall=zs/+mIRDQjHxFm3SdVqW+Q==, figureFileBig=CuKfET6oUBnSXJIqgb5Yxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225369397028630997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224798731577479717, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Natural gas composition and carbon isotope characteristics of the Y gas field of X sag in the East China Sea Basin

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区带井号井段/m测试层号地层天然气组分/%干燥系数碳同位素δ13C/‰
C1C2-5N2CO2C1/ΣC1+C1C2C3C4
X凹陷凹中
背斜带		Y13769～3799DST1花港组H3b下部92.983.151.612.150.967−30.9−24−24−23.1
Y13709～3739DST2花港组H3b中上部93.493.151.192.040.967−29.8−23.8−23.6−19.1
Y13177～3181, 3186～3199DST4花港组H194.453.001.470.930.969−29.9−23.5−22.7−19.5
Y24240～4352DST1花港组H587.125.961.455.360.936−30.4−25.3−23.3−23.4
Y23673～3700DST2花港组H3a92.883.161.252.490.967−27.7−23.3−22.7−22.8
), ArticleFig(id=1225369397099934170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224798731577479717, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

东海盆地X凹陷Y气田天然气组分与烷烃气碳同位素特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区带井号井段/m测试层号地层天然气组分/%干燥系数碳同位素δ13C/‰
C1C2-5N2CO2C1/ΣC1+C1C2C3C4
X凹陷凹中
背斜带		Y13769～3799DST1花港组H3b下部92.983.151.612.150.967−30.9−24−24−23.1
Y13709～3739DST2花港组H3b中上部93.493.151.192.040.967−29.8−23.8−23.6−19.1
Y13177～3181, 3186～3199DST4花港组H194.453.001.470.930.969−29.9−23.5−22.7−19.5
Y24240～4352DST1花港组H587.125.961.455.360.936−30.4−25.3−23.3−23.4
Y23673～3700DST2花港组H3a92.883.161.252.490.967−27.7−23.3−22.7−22.8
), ArticleFig(id=1225369397217374688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224798731577479717, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Compositions of C7 light hydrocarbon serial of natural gas in Y gas field of X Sag and Beibu Gulf Basin

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
盆地井名地层天然气C7轻烃组成甲基环己烷
指数		甲苯/
苯
甲基环己烷
（MCH）含量/%		正庚烷
（nC7）含量/%		二甲基环戊烷
（ΣDMCP）含量/%
　　注∶甲基环己烷指数=MCH/（MCH+nC7+ΣDMCP），*表示甲苯/苯比值未知。
东海Y1渐新统花
港组		71.9018.309.800.7192.7
Y170.4918.0611.460.704 92.08
Y269.9018.7711.330.6992.77
南海北部湾W1始新统流
沙港组		33.325.940.70.333*
W2渐新统涠
洲组		34.830.434.80.348*
W335.7132.1432.140.357 1*
鄂尔多斯榆
211		下二叠统
山西组		70.416.812.80.704*
四川须二
Z2		三叠系须
家河组		7315120.73*
), ArticleFig(id=1225369397322232293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224798731577479717, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

X凹陷Y气田和北部湾等盆地天然气C7轻烃组成

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
盆地井名地层天然气C7轻烃组成甲基环己烷
指数		甲苯/
苯
甲基环己烷
（MCH）含量/%		正庚烷
（nC7）含量/%		二甲基环戊烷
（ΣDMCP）含量/%
　　注∶甲基环己烷指数=MCH/（MCH+nC7+ΣDMCP），*表示甲苯/苯比值未知。
东海Y1渐新统花
港组		71.9018.309.800.7192.7
Y170.4918.0611.460.704 92.08
Y269.9018.7711.330.6992.77
南海北部湾W1始新统流
沙港组		33.325.940.70.333*
W2渐新统涠
洲组		34.830.434.80.348*
W335.7132.1432.140.357 1*
鄂尔多斯榆
211		下二叠统
山西组		70.416.812.80.704*
四川须二
Z2		三叠系须
家河组		7315120.73*
), ArticleFig(id=1225369397414506987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224798731577479717, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Source rocks and condensate chromatographic-mass spectrometry parameter of X Sag in the East China Sea Basin

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区带井号井段/m样品
类型		地层Pr/Ph规则甾烷/
C30藿烷		甾烷
C27/%		甾烷
C28/%		甾烷
C29/%		甾烷C27/C29Ts/Tm奥利烷/
C30藿烷		伽马蜡烷/
C30藿烷
西部斜坡带Y19-6-34 359～4 382凝析油平湖组中段70.9721.0623.2055.730.3890.260.15/
Y25-3-13 720泥岩平湖组中段6.350.4020.376.3373.290.280.160.12/
凹中挤压背斜带Y13 760～3 799凝析油花港组上段3.082.3932.3226.7940.890.790.56/0.25
Y31-24 442.33～4 442.93泥岩平湖组上段2.181.0240.4525.0734.481.171.100.100.15
), ArticleFig(id=1225369397490004465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224798731577479717, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

东海盆地X凹陷烃源岩、凝析油饱和烃色谱−质谱参数表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区带井号井段/m样品
类型		地层Pr/Ph规则甾烷/
C30藿烷		甾烷
C27/%		甾烷
C28/%		甾烷
C29/%		甾烷C27/C29Ts/Tm奥利烷/
C30藿烷		伽马蜡烷/
C30藿烷
西部斜坡带Y19-6-34 359～4 382凝析油平湖组中段70.9721.0623.2055.730.3890.260.15/
Y25-3-13 720泥岩平湖组中段6.350.4020.376.3373.290.280.160.12/
凹中挤压背斜带Y13 760～3 799凝析油花港组上段3.082.3932.3226.7940.890.790.56/0.25
Y31-24 442.33～4 442.93泥岩平湖组上段2.181.0240.4525.0734.481.171.100.100.15
), ArticleFig(id=1225369397594862070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224798731577479717, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

The maturity of natural gas and equivalent burial depth of source rock of Y gas field

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
井号甲烷碳同位素δ13C1/‰*天然气成熟度Ro/%**烃源岩埋深Z/m
　　注∶*δ13C1=58.67×lg（Ro）−44.37[29]，**Z=3453.7×Ro0.8256。
Y1−30.91.705 344
Y1−29.81.775 537
Y1−29.91.765 520
Y2−30.41.735 431
Y3−27.71.925 927
), ArticleFig(id=1225369397699719676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224798731577479717, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

Y气田天然气成熟度与等效烃源岩埋深

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
井号甲烷碳同位素δ13C1/‰*天然气成熟度Ro/%**烃源岩埋深Z/m
　　注∶*δ13C1=58.67×lg（Ro）−44.37[29]，**Z=3453.7×Ro0.8256。
Y1−30.91.705 344
Y1−29.81.775 537
Y1−29.91.765 520
Y2−30.41.735 431
Y3−27.71.925 927
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东海盆地X凹陷Y气田的天然气成因、成藏模式及勘探意义
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张迎朝 1 , 胡森清 1 , 陈忠云 1 , 蔡华 1 , 蒋一鸣 1 , 刁慧 1 , 王超 1
海洋学报 | 论文 2022,44(11): 88-98
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海洋学报 | 论文 2022, 44(11): 88-98
东海盆地X凹陷Y气田的天然气成因、成藏模式及勘探意义
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张迎朝1, 胡森清1, 陈忠云1, 蔡华1, 蒋一鸣1, 刁慧1, 王超1
作者信息
  • 1. 中海石油(中国)有限公司上海分公司，上海 200335

    • 张迎朝（1971—），男，广东省普宁市人，教授级高级工程师，主要从事海洋油气勘探研究。E-mail:

The genesis, accumulation model and exploration significance of Y gas field in X Sag, East China Sea Basin
Yingzhao Zhang1, Senqing Hu1, Zhongyun Chen1, Hua Cai1, Yiming Jiang1, Hui Diao1, Chao Wang1
Affiliations
  • 1. Shanghai Branch Company of China National Offshore Oil Corporation (China) Ltd., Shanghai 200335, China
出版时间: 2022-11-01 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2022011
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摘要
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本文旨在厘清东海盆地X凹陷Y气田天然气成因，建立成藏模式，以指导下步勘探部署。本文从天然气组分、烷烃气碳同位素、轻烃、凝析油生物标志化合物等分析入手，系统研究了油气成因类型及来源，并结合构造演化史、生烃史分析，建立了Y气田成藏模式，提出了大中型气田的勘探方向。主要认识如下：（1）天然气组分碳同位素、轻烃和埋藏史分析表明，Y气田天然气为凹中始新统平湖组烃源岩在龙井运动期（距今13 Ma）生成的高成熟煤型气；（2）凝析油姥鲛烷/植烷、规则甾烷等特征，反映了凹中区平湖组烃源岩发育于弱氧化−弱还原潮坪、潟湖沉积环境，生烃母质中存在一定数量的低等水生生物；（3）Y气田具有“凹中区平湖组烃源岩、花港组大型水道砂储集体、挤压构造作用”时空耦合的成藏模式，明确了凹中挤压背斜带是X凹陷大中型气田勘探的主攻方向。

烷烃气碳同位素  /  天然气轻烃  /  凝析油  /  天然气成因  /  成藏模式  /  勘探方向  /  东海盆地X凹陷Y气田

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the genesis of natural gas of Y gas field, and establish accumulation model to guide the next exploration deployment in X Sag, East China Sea Basin. Based on the analyses of natural gas composition, carbon isotope of alkane gas, light hydrocarbon and biomarker compound of condensate oil, this paper systematically studies the genetic types and sources of oil and gas, establishes the reservoir accumulation model of Y large and medium-sized gas field, and puts forward the exploration direction of large and medium-sized gas field. The analyses of carbon isotope, light hydrocarbon and burial history show that the natural gas in Y gas field is highly mature coal type gas generated by the source rocks of middle Eocene Pinghu formation in the sag during the Longjing movement period (13 Ma BP). The characteristics of pristane/phytane and regular sterane of condensate oil reflect that the source rocks of middle Eocene Pinghu formation in the central sag are developed in tidal flat and lagoon sedimentary environment with weak oxidation weak reduction, and there are a certain number of lower aquatic organisms in the hydrocarbon generating parent material. Y gas field has a spatiotemporal coupling reservoir accumulation model of “Pinghu formation source rock, Huagang formation large channel sand reservoir and Mid-Miocene compressional tectonism” in the central sag. It is clear that the compressional anticline belt in the central sag is the main exploration direction of large and medium-sized gas fields in X Sag.

alkane gas carbon isotope  /  natural gas light hydrocarbon  /  condensate oil  /  natural gas genesis  /  accumulation model  /  exploration direction  /  Y gas field of X Sag in East China Sea Basin
张迎朝, 胡森清, 陈忠云, 蔡华, 蒋一鸣, 刁慧, 王超. 东海盆地X凹陷Y气田的天然气成因、成藏模式及勘探意义. 海洋学报, 2022 , 44 (11) : 88 -98 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2022011
Yingzhao Zhang, Senqing Hu, Zhongyun Chen, Hua Cai, Yiming Jiang, Hui Diao, Chao Wang. The genesis, accumulation model and exploration significance of Y gas field in X Sag, East China Sea Basin[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2022 , 44 (11) : 88 -98 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2022011
正文
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1 引言
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东海盆地位于欧亚板块东缘，其形成与太平洋板块俯冲、碰撞挤压演变密切相关[1-11]。东海盆地发育在前新生代基底之上，西邻浙闽隆起，东与广海相接，自西向东为西部拗陷、钓鱼岛隆起、东部拗陷、琉球隆起（图1）。X凹陷位于东海盆地西部拗陷，呈NNE向展布，面积为5.9×104 km2，凹陷中部自南向北发育一系列走向NNE的挤压背斜。X凹陷新生代经历了3个构造演化阶段：（1）古新世−始新世断陷阶段，边界大断裂控制了盆地形态、沉积充填，主力烃源岩层系−始新统平湖组沉积时期，凹陷发育障壁滨岸沉积体系，以东部边界断裂上升盘钓鱼岛隆起为障壁岛，向凹陷方向发育潮坪、潟湖沉积，西部斜坡带以三角洲、潮坪沉积为主；（2）渐新世−中中新世断−拗阶段，凹陷主要发育河流、三角洲及湖泊沉积体系[12]，形成了渐新统花港组区域性储盖组合，为X凹陷主力成藏组合、勘探开发层系；（3）晚中新世−第四纪拗陷阶段，凹陷主要发育滨浅海沉积体系。
近年来，东海盆地X凹陷凹中挤压背斜带天然气勘探开发不断获得重要进展，发现了Y气田等两个千亿方级大气田和多个中小气田群，主力勘探开发层为渐新统花港组的优质储层，地层温度最高近160℃，地层压力系数最高达1.32，钻杆地层测试求产获得高产优质天然气流，展示出广阔的天然气勘探开发前景。但Y气田在天然气成因、成藏模式等方面存在不少疑点，例如天然气甲烷碳同位素异常重，分布于−30.9‰～−27.7‰，且大于或近−30‰者占绝对多数，有别于中国近海盆地一般的有机成因天然气，国内有学者认为无机成因天然气甲烷碳同位素一般大于−30‰[13]，Y气田天然气是否为无机成因？成藏过程和成藏主控要素是什么？天然气是凹中富集还是斜坡带或凸起区富集？因此亟需开展天然气成因及大中型气田成藏主控要素分析，在此基础上确立X凹陷大中型气田成藏模式和富集类型。这些问题不仅是理论问题，也是生产问题，针对这些问题的研究将有助于指导下步东海盆地大中型气田勘探开发实践。
2 天然气成因与来源
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2.1 天然气组分特征
东海盆地X凹陷Y气田天然气以烃类气为主（表1），其中又以甲烷为主，其含量为87.12%～94.45%；天然气干燥系数高，（C1/ΣC1+）值为0.936～0.969。天然气中非烃类气体主要有二氧化碳和氮气；二氧化碳含量为0.93%～5.36%，氮气含量1.19%～1.61%。
2.2 天然气碳同位素特征
依据甲烷碳同位素划分天然气成因，主要有3个界限值，分别为大于−20‰[14-16]、−25‰[17]和−30‰[18-19]。在中国近海盆地，多数学者主要采用−30‰为界限[20-23]，甲烷碳同位素值大于−30‰为无机成因，小于−30‰为有机成因。Y气田花港组天然气甲烷碳同位素分布于−30.9‰～−27.7‰，且大于或近于−30‰者占绝对多数（钻杆地层测试气样）（表1），其天然气甲烷碳同位素异常重，有别于中国近海盆地大部分有机成因天然气，是否为无机成因天然气，还需要借助天然气乙烷碳同位素、天然气碳同位素序列特征进一步分析。
天然气乙烷碳同位素可用于划分天然气成因类型[24]，国内学者多以乙烷碳同位素−28‰或−29‰作为划分煤型气与油型气的界限。Y气田天然气乙烷碳同位素分布于−25.3‰～−23.3‰，均大于−28‰（表1），为有机成因煤型气。
研究区天然气干燥系数（0.936～0.969）略低于莺−琼盆地煤型气（0.96～0.98），但碳同位素普遍偏重于莺−琼盆地煤型气，这可能与两个地区煤层发育厚度、煤系母质显微组分构成差异相关。X凹陷单井煤层钻遇厚度为30～70 m，莺−琼盆地煤层钻遇厚度普遍小于10 m，X凹陷天然气中煤生烃贡献比例大于莺−琼盆地，莺−琼盆地天然气中煤系泥岩生烃贡献大于X凹陷，致使X凹陷天然气普遍偏重。另一方面，X凹陷煤与煤系泥岩壳质组分相对占比平均为10.4%，莺−琼盆地煤与煤系泥岩壳质组分相对占比平均小于5%，富氢壳质组分越高液态烃产率越大，因而X凹陷干燥系数略低[25]。
有机成因天然气是由干酪根降解或高分子液态烃裂解而成，如C-C键断裂，12C-12C比12C-13C键弱、优先断裂，导致有机热成因的烷烃气碳同位素随着分子碳数的增加而更加富集13C，即天然气甲烷及同系物的碳同位素受控于热力学分馏作用，轻碳同位素富集的基团优先分解为小分子组分。因此，同一烃源岩在相同热演化阶段生成的天然气，其碳同位素分布呈δ13C1<δ13C2<δ13C3<δ13C4<δ13C5的正序列特征[13,26]。岩浆岩、陨石中烷烃气是通过C-C键的形成而产生的连续多聚物的产物，同样因12C-12C比12C-13C键弱、优先断裂，12CH4比13CH4更快形成烃链，12C优先进入聚合形成的长链，使岩浆岩、宇宙陨石烷烃气碳同位素随碳数增加而更贫13C，即无机成因烷烃气碳同位素具有负序列特征，即δ13C1>δ13C2>δ13C3>δ13C4>δ13C5特征。东海盆地X凹陷Y气田烃类气碳同位素以δ13C1<δ13C2<δ13C3<δ13C4正序列特征为主（表1），表明Y气田天然气为有机热成因气，且天然气来源相对单一，来自相同热演化阶段的烃源岩，呈现了东海盆地X凹陷Y气田天然气的高效运聚成藏效应。
2.3 天然气轻烃组成特征
天然气C7轻烃组成包括正庚烷（nC7）、甲基环己烷（MCH）和各种结构的二甲基环戊烷（ΣDMCC5），其中正庚烷主要来自藻类和细菌；甲基环己烷主要来自高等植物中的木质素、纤维素等，且其热力学性质稳定，天然气C7轻烃组成中甲基环己烷优势是煤型气的重要特点；各种结构的二甲基环戊烷主要来自水生生物的类脂化合物。因此，可以用天然气C7轻烃的甲基环己烷含量来划分油型气和煤型气[27-28]，以50%为界限值，大于50%者为腐殖型母质生成的煤型气，反之为腐泥型母质生成的油型气。Y气田天然气轻烃甲基环己烷含量均大于50%，明显高于南海北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷典型油型气，与鄂尔多斯、四川盆地典型煤型气相似（表2），并且具有高甲苯含量，甲苯/苯值大于2，Y气田天然气为腐殖型母质为主烃源岩生成的煤型气（图2）。
2.4 天然气来源
东海盆地X凹陷凹中（Y1井、Y31-2井）烃源岩、凝析油饱和烃甾烷C27、C28、C29规则甾烷呈近“L”形（图3），C27甾烷丰度较高，有一定伽马蜡烷含量，反映了烃源岩生烃母质中存在一定数量的低等水生生物，有别于X凹陷西部斜坡带（Y19-6-3井、Y25-3-1井）油−岩饱和烃甾烷特征，其烃源岩、凝析油饱和烃甾烷C27、C28、C29规则甾烷呈反“L”形，C29甾烷丰度较高，反映了烃源岩中以高等植物生烃母质来源为主。X凹陷西部斜坡带和凹中区烃源岩、凝析油甾烷特征和所反映的生烃母质发育环境与X凹陷始新统平湖组有障壁滨岸沉积相吻合，即始新世平湖期，X凹陷西部斜坡带以三角洲、潮坪沉积为主，平湖组烃源岩以煤层、炭质泥岩为主，发育高等植物来源的生烃母质；向凹中区，发育潮坪、潟湖沉积，平湖组烃源岩以暗色泥岩为主，烃源岩生烃母质中存在一定数量的低等水生生物；X凹陷东部边界断裂上升盘钓鱼岛隆起为障壁岛（图4）。
X凹陷Y气田产出凝析油姥鲛烷/植烷（Pr/Ph）中等−低，范围值在2.35～3.15之间，反映了凹中区平湖组烃源岩沉积于弱氧化−弱还原的潮坪、潟湖沉积环境，有别于X凹陷西部斜坡带，其凝析油具有高姥鲛烷/植烷特征，范围值在4.21～6.76之间，来自偏氧化的三角洲、潮坪沉积环境，X凹陷西部斜坡带和凹中区凝析油姥鲛烷/植烷（Pr/Ph）特征和所反映的氧化还原环境与X凹陷始新统平湖组有障壁滨岸沉积相吻合（表3）。
2.5 天然气成熟度与来源
根据前人建立的本区甲烷碳同位素与天然气成熟度关系[29]、天然气成熟度与烃源岩埋深关系，计算Y气田天然气成熟度Ro为1.70%～1.92%（表4），判断天然气来源于Y气田深部埋深约5 500 m的始新统平湖组烃源岩生成的高成熟天然气（图5），也较好地解释了Y气田天然气甲烷碳同位素异常重的原因。结合Y气田区构造运动、挤压背斜形成与断裂沟通烃源岩等条件，且Y气田天然气碳同位素分布呈δ13C1<δ13C2<δ13C3<δ13C4正序列为主的特征，判断龙井运动（距今13.0 Ma）为天然气充注期（图6），即距今13.0 Ma龙井运动时，Y气田区挤压隆升形成了挤压背斜与沟源断裂；同时，Y气田区深部的始新统平湖组烃源岩埋深超过了5 500 m，其生成的高成熟（天然气Ro平均约1.78%）天然气沿沟源断裂垂向运移至渐新统花港组挤压背斜中聚集。因此，始新统平湖组是Y气田的主力烃源岩。
3 “烃源岩、储层、构造作用”时空耦合的大中型气田成藏模式
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优质烃源岩、区域性储盖组合、挤压构造作用为X凹陷大中型气田成藏的主控因素，在此基础上构建了凹中挤压背斜带大中型气田成藏模式（图7），该成藏模式指明了凹中挤压背斜带、渐新统花港组为大中型气田勘探主攻方向、主力勘探层系，揭示了“凹中气富集”的油气分布规律。
3.1 大中型气田成藏主控要素
X凹陷凹中区发育始新统平湖组高成熟腐殖型为主的优质烃源岩：（1）根据SY-T 5735−1995《陆相烃源岩地球化学评价方法》对烃源岩品质分级统计，凹中区平湖组好−优级烃源岩占比高于斜坡带（图8）；（2）在烃源岩显微组分方面，凹中区平湖组腐泥组含量要高于斜坡带；（3）在烃源岩母质来源方面，凹中区凝析油、泥岩饱和烃C27规则甾烷含量较高（图3），反映凹中区烃源岩中含有一定数量的低等水生生物母质来源；（4）在烃源岩热演化、生排烃时窗方面，凹中区高地温梯度使烃源岩生烃门限在2 500 m，远浅于斜坡带的3 300 m，使凹中区大大扩展了生排烃时窗，有利于凹中区平湖组早生排烃。因此，X凹陷凹中区平湖组发育相对更优质的烃源岩，这决定了凹中区为大中型气田勘探首选区带。
X凹陷凹中区发育渐新统花港组大型储集体：（1）X凹陷渐新统花港组发育区域性储盖组合，花港组二段、一段下部发育多套巨厚河流−三角洲砂岩储层；花港组一段上部砂地比低，为泥岩盖层，形成了区域性可对比的储盖组合；（2）渐新世花港期，X凹陷凹中区发育以轴向物源（锆石年谱大于543 Ma的X凹陷东北部隆起区）为主、辅以凹陷边缘东西两侧物源的河流−三角洲砂岩；（3）X凹陷凹中区Y气田花港组二段、一段下部发育多套巨厚河流−三角洲砂岩低−中渗储层，如Y-1井揭示的H3气组，气层为110.6 m，平均孔隙度为10.3%，平均渗透率为10.86 mD，先后在3 769～3 799 m、3 709～3 739 m进行DST（钻杆地层测试），均获高产气流。
中中新世龙井运动（距今13.0 Ma）是东海盆地X凹陷断陷结束以来发生的作用最强、波及范围最广的一期构造运动，其控藏作用最为关键，表现在4个方面：（1）受菲律宾板块俯冲产生的近东西向挤压作用影响，沿凹陷长轴方向形成了一系列NNE向大中型反转背斜，凹中挤压背斜带为油气大规模聚集提供了场所；（2）挤压作用导致凹中构造反转的同时，改变了油气流体势格局，使油气垂向运移成为全凹陷流体势降落最快的方向；（3）龙井运动打破了渐新世以来近20 Ma的断裂活动平静期，原有始新统平湖组烃源岩同沉积期生长断裂强烈活化，显著上断至渐新统花港组甚至中新统，形成了一系列NE、NNE向沟源断裂；（4）龙井运动期始新统平湖组烃源岩成熟度已超过1.3%，其生成的高成熟天然气沿沟源断裂垂向运移至渐新统花港组背斜圈闭、聚集成藏。
综上所述，X凹陷大中型气田成藏受控于“优质烃源岩、区域性大型储集体、挤压构造作用”的时空耦合，该成藏模式回答了X凹陷油气富集类型的疑问，揭示了东海盆地X凹陷“凹中气富集”的油气分布规律。
3.2 Y气田天然气成藏过程及其勘探开发意义
中中新世龙井运动（距今13.0 Ma），X凹陷内因挤压构造作用形成了在凹中区成带分布的背斜圈闭和一系列北东−南西走向的沟源断裂；同时，Y气田区深部始新统平湖组烃源岩热演化已达Ro=1.78%（按表2，Y气田天然气甲烷碳同位素与成熟度关系计算的平均值），高成熟天然气沿沟源断裂垂向运移、充注于浅部渐新统花港组背斜圈闭，此时花港组储层埋深约2 300～3 500 m（图4），按本区砂岩孔隙度−埋深与砂岩孔隙度−渗透率关系，花港组储层孔隙度为12%～17%，渗透率为1.69～17.31 mD，也就是说，在中中新世龙井运动（距今13.0 Ma）大规模高成熟天然气充注，此时Y气田花港组储层属于低渗（渗透率为1～10 mD）−中渗储层（渗透率大于10 mD），既有中渗储层，也有部分低渗储层；Y气田天然气碳同位素以δ13C1<δ13C2<δ13C3<δ13C4正序列为主，反映了Y气田大规模天然气充注、成藏受控于中中新世龙井运动，此时平湖组烃源岩生成了高成熟天然气，天然气沿同时期沟源断裂垂向运移、充注于同时期形成的背斜圈闭。因此，从天然气成藏过程分析，Y气田呈现出高成熟天然气生成、大规模天然气沿沟源断裂垂向运移充注、花港组背斜形成“三同步”的高效成藏特征。
东海盆地X凹陷勘探层系渐新统花港组现今埋深大，储层物性非均质性强，寻找能够有效动用的优质油气藏为当前生产研究的难点。X凹陷凹中区高地温梯度有利于烃源岩早成熟、早生气，中中新世龙井运动（距今13.0 Ma）Y气田区始新统平湖组烃源岩已进入高成熟阶段（Ro=1.78%）；同时，X凹陷内因龙井运动挤压作用形成了Y气田等成带的背斜圈闭和一系列北东–南西走向的沟源断裂，高成熟天然气沿沟源断裂垂向运移，大规模充注于Y气田渐新统花港组背斜圈闭，此时花港组仍发育部分中渗以上的储层。与南海莺−琼盆地天然气充注成藏时限相比[30-31]，东海盆地X凹陷Y气田区距今13.0 Ma天然气充注属于相对早期充注成藏；烃类早期充注有利于抑制自生矿物生长从而降低胶结作用造成的减孔效应[32-33]，有利于优质储层发育，进而越有利于天然气大规模聚集成藏，该认识为东海盆地优质天然气勘探开发提供了决策指导。
根据始新统平湖组烃源岩生运聚范围与优势、沟源断裂及平面分布、古近系与新近系多套储盖组合等综合分析，东海盆地X凹陷除了已发现的Y气田外，凹中区还发育自西北向东南方向展布的一大批挤压成因背斜，同样具备大规模高成熟天然气充注成藏的有利条件，尽管主力勘探开发层系花港组埋深较大，但凹中区相对较早期的天然气充注使得花港组仍发育成中渗储层。因此，凹中挤压背斜带是东海盆地X凹陷大中型气田勘探开发主战场。
4 结论
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（1）东海盆地X凹陷Y气田天然气具有异常重的甲烷碳同位素特征，结合乙烷碳同位素、天然气碳同位素序列、轻烃C7化合物等综合分析，认为该气田天然气为有机成因、高熟煤型气。同时，凹中区烃源岩及凝析油规则甾烷、伽马蜡烷以及姥植比综合反映生烃母质中存在一定数量的低等水生生物贡献，有别于以陆源高等植物占绝对优势的西部斜坡带。
（2）X凹陷大中型气田成藏受控于“优质烃源岩、区域性大型储集体、挤压构造作用”的时空耦合，该成藏模式揭示了“凹中气富集”的油气分布规律，凹中挤压背斜带是今后东海大中型气田勘探开发的主战场。
基金
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  • “十三五”国家科技重大专项“东海盆地低渗−致密天然气勘探开发技术”(2016ZX05027)
文献
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2022年第44卷第11期
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doi: 10.12284/hyxb2022011
  • 接收时间：2021-01-19
  • 首发时间：2026-02-01
  • 出版时间：2022-11-01
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  • 收稿日期：2021-01-19
  • 修回日期：2021-06-05
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“十三五”国家科技重大专项“东海盆地低渗−致密天然气勘探开发技术”(2016ZX05027)
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    1. 中海石油(中国)有限公司上海分公司，上海 200335
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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