Article(id=1224798730080108590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1224798727609663509, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12284/hyxb2022131, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1644854400000, receivedDateStr=2022-02-15, revisedDate=1653408000000, revisedDateStr=2022-05-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1769944372911, onlineDateStr=2026-02-01, pubDate=1667232000000, pubDateStr=2022-11-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1769944372911, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-01, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1769944372911, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1769944372911, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1224798727609663509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2022', volume='44', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='190', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1769944372322, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1769996107149, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1225015719264403523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1224798727609663509, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1225015719264403524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1224798727609663509, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=133, endPage=143, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1224798730897997879, articleId=1224798730080108590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=An inversion method for joint observation of wind gusts by HY-2B satellite remote sensors, columnId=1194652705852465724, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

There are few researches on offshore gusts at home and abroad, and most of them focus on gust prediction and application research. There is no systematic discussion on the acquisition technology of wind gust data. Based on the backscattering coefficient observed by HY-2B satellite radar altimeter and the brightness temperature information observed by correction microwave radiometer, a method for retrieving gust wind speed is proposed in this paper. The gust wind speed obtained from the joint inversion of the two remote sensing sensors is verified with the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) buoy data from 2019 to 2021. The results show that the gust wind speed root mean square error (RMSE) is 0.98 m/s and the correlation coefficient is 0.82. The RMSE of the gust wind speed obtained based on the method using a similar satellite Jason-3 is 0.96 m/s and the correlation coefficient is 0.88. Based on the observation of sea surface wind speed with HY-2B satellite radar altimeter and the synchronous observation information of correction microwave radiometer by satellite platform, the observation of sea surface wind gust is realized jointly. The comparison results of data show that the method in this paper has high observation accuracy. At the same time, this method is also applicable to domestic and foreign satellites with the same observation system. This provides a simple and reliable means of ocean remote sensing technology for the current situation of insufficient observation capacity of offshore wind gust.

, correspAuthors=Chengfei Jiang, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2022 Pratacultural Science. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Youguang Zhang, Chengfei Jiang, Yongjun Jia, Xiaofeng Ma), CN=ArticleExt(id=1224798733334888634, articleId=1224798730080108590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=HY-2B卫星载荷联合观测海面阵风的一种反演方法, columnId=1149698756456657529, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

国内外对海上阵风的研究并不多,且大多集中在阵风预报和应用研究方面,对于海洋阵风数据的获取技术未见文献系统论述。本文利用HY-2B卫星雷达高度计观测的后向散射系数,结合校正微波辐射计观测的亮度温度信息,提出联合反演阵风风速的方法。两个遥感载荷联合反演得到的阵风风速与2019–2021年美国国家浮标数据中心(NDBC)浮标数据进行真实性检验,结果显示:阵风风速均方根误差(RMSE)为0.98 m/s,相关系数为0.82;基于本方法利用国外同类卫星Jason-3得到的阵风风速与2016–2018年NDBC浮标数据的RMSE为0.96 m/s,相关系数为0.88。本文在HY-2B卫星雷达高度计海面风速观测的基础上,纳入同一卫星平台校正微波辐射计的同步观测信息联合实现了海面阵风的观测,数据的比对结果证明文中方法具有较高的观测精度。同时,该方法对于具有相同观测体制的国内外卫星也适用。

, correspAuthors=蒋城飞, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
蒋城飞(1990-),男,博士,主要从事海洋微波遥感研究。E-mail:
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张有广(1971-),男,山东省济南市人,研究员,从事海洋微波遥感研究。E-mail:

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张有广(1971-),男,山东省济南市人,研究员,从事海洋微波遥感研究。E-mail:

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张有广(1971-),男,山东省济南市人,研究员,从事海洋微波遥感研究。E-mail:

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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224798730080108590, language=CN, label=图9, caption=HY-2B 卫星获取的阵风风速(WG)与NDBC浮标观测到的阵风风速(wg, figureFileSmall=NflJJgGxALa8AJF4NB4CMw==, figureFileBig=mm0UpfpEQ7Pb2EpcmZF4YA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225369401311015488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224798730080108590, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=Scatter diagram of comparison between HY-2B satellite wind gust and buoy wind gust from 2019 to 2021, figureFileSmall=KEpq/jl02dIlV4smdA5p3w==, figureFileBig=4vD3dgOM+8wQh2h0z09r1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225369401424261697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224798730080108590, language=CN, label=图10, caption=HY-2B卫星与2019–2021年浮标阵风数据比对散点图, figureFileSmall=KEpq/jl02dIlV4smdA5p3w==, figureFileBig=4vD3dgOM+8wQh2h0z09r1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225369401524924996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224798730080108590, language=EN, label=Fig. 11, caption=Absolute error between satellite wind speed and gust wind speed and buoy observations, figureFileSmall=4ptPa+RHAmyWBOEoUWpKnQ==, figureFileBig=o9f6OJgGNrZPQumyh1BBCg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225369401629782601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224798730080108590, language=CN, label=图11, caption=卫星的风速和阵风风速与浮标观测结果之间的绝对误差, figureFileSmall=4ptPa+RHAmyWBOEoUWpKnQ==, figureFileBig=o9f6OJgGNrZPQumyh1BBCg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225369401747223117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224798730080108590, language=EN, label=Fig. 12, caption=Scatter diagram of comparison between Jason-3 satellite and buoy wind gust from 2016 to 2018, figureFileSmall=ltwP3C5kmaXRSK5DMn0t0g==, figureFileBig=fh2cruKKSouVlbkVcjO+fQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225369401835303503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224798730080108590, language=CN, label=图12, caption=2016−2018年Jason-3卫星与浮标阵风的对比散点图, figureFileSmall=ltwP3C5kmaXRSK5DMn0t0g==, figureFileBig=fh2cruKKSouVlbkVcjO+fQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225369401919189586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224798730080108590, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Gourrion model parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数ab
σ0–0.343 360.069 09
SWH0.087 250.063 74
U100.10.028 44
), ArticleFig(id=1225369402028241496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224798730080108590, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

Gourrion模型参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数ab
σ0–0.343 360.069 09
SWH0.087 250.063 74
U100.10.028 44
), ArticleFig(id=1225369402124710489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224798730080108590, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Gourrion model parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数矩阵元素
${ \overline {{\boldsymbol{W}}_{x}} }$–33.950 62–11.033 94
–3.934 28–0.058 34
$ {\overline {{\boldsymbol{W}}_{y}} }$0.540 1210.404 81
${ \overline {{\boldsymbol{B}}_{x}} }$18.063 78–0.372 28
${ \overline {{\boldsymbol{B}}_{y}} }$–2.283 87
${ {\boldsymbol{P} } }$$ { { {a} }_{\sigma^0} + b_{\sigma^0}\sigma ^0}$aSWH + bSWHSWH
), ArticleFig(id=1225369402242151005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224798730080108590, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

Gourrion模型参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数矩阵元素
${ \overline {{\boldsymbol{W}}_{x}} }$–33.950 62–11.033 94
–3.934 28–0.058 34
$ {\overline {{\boldsymbol{W}}_{y}} }$0.540 1210.404 81
${ \overline {{\boldsymbol{B}}_{x}} }$18.063 78–0.372 28
${ \overline {{\boldsymbol{B}}_{y}} }$–2.283 87
${ {\boldsymbol{P} } }$$ { { {a} }_{\sigma^0} + b_{\sigma^0}\sigma ^0}$aSWH + bSWHSWH
), ArticleFig(id=1225369402367980127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224798730080108590, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Comparison results between HY-2B satellite and Buoy 41044 in 2019

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号日期观测源时间观测位置阵风
风速/
(m·s−1)
绝对
误差/
(m·s−1)
观测点
距离/
km
14月4日卫星21:4321.38°N,59.15°W8.30.160
4104421:4021.59°N,58.63°W8.2
26月27日卫星21:4321.38°N,59.15°W8.60.159
4104421:4021.59°N,58.63°W8.7
37月25日卫星21:4321.60°N,59.21°W9.80.660
4104421:4021.59°N,58.63°W9.2
48月22日卫星21:4321.3°N,59.14°W5.70.960
4104421:4021.59°N,58.63°W7.6
59月19日卫星21:4421.45°N,59.18°W8.71.359
4104421:4021.59°N,58.63°W10.0
612月12日卫星21:4421.49°N,59.21°W9.50.261
4104421:4021.59°N,58.63°W9.7
712月26日卫星21:4421.5°N,59.21°W10.91.461
4104421:4021.59°N,58.63°W9.5
), ArticleFig(id=1225369402535752295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224798730080108590, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

HY-2B卫星与41044浮标2019年数据比对结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号日期观测源时间观测位置阵风
风速/
(m·s−1)
绝对
误差/
(m·s−1)
观测点
距离/
km
14月4日卫星21:4321.38°N,59.15°W8.30.160
4104421:4021.59°N,58.63°W8.2
26月27日卫星21:4321.38°N,59.15°W8.60.159
4104421:4021.59°N,58.63°W8.7
37月25日卫星21:4321.60°N,59.21°W9.80.660
4104421:4021.59°N,58.63°W9.2
48月22日卫星21:4321.3°N,59.14°W5.70.960
4104421:4021.59°N,58.63°W7.6
59月19日卫星21:4421.45°N,59.18°W8.71.359
4104421:4021.59°N,58.63°W10.0
612月12日卫星21:4421.49°N,59.21°W9.50.261
4104421:4021.59°N,58.63°W9.7
712月26日卫星21:4421.5°N,59.21°W10.91.461
4104421:4021.59°N,58.63°W9.5
), ArticleFig(id=1225369402661581416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224798730080108590, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Comparison results between HY-2B satellite and Buoy 41044 in 2020

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号日期观测源时间观测位置阵风
风速/
(m·s−1)
绝对
误差/
(m·s−1)
观测点
距离/
km
11月9日卫星21:4421.42°N,59.23°W9.30.361
4104421:4021.59°N,58.63°W9.6
22月6日卫星21:4421.51°N,59.21°W11.61.061
4104421:4021.59°N,58.63°W10.6
34月16日卫星21:4421.62°N,59.23°W7.70.360
4104421:4021.58°N,58.63°W8.0
45月28日卫星21:4521.56°N,59.20°W6.20.359
4104421:5021.58°N,58.63°W6.5
57月23日卫星21:4521.62°N,59.23°W11.40.558
4104421:4021.59°N,58.63°W10.9
69月3日卫星21:4421.62°N,59.23°W6.70.458
4104421:4021.59°N,58.63°W7.1
79月17日卫星21:4421.45°N,59.18°W12.2059
4104421:4021.59°N,58.63°W12.2
810月1日卫星21:4421.58°N,59.22°W10.01.261
4104421:4021.59°N,58.63°W8.8
910月15日卫星21:4421.62°N,59.23°W6.10.359
4104421:4021.59°N,58.63°W6.4
1011月12日卫星21:4421.51°N,59.19°W10.30.258
4104421:4021.59°N,58.63°W10.1
1112月24日卫星21:4421.62°N,59.23°W14.40.858
4104421:4021.59°N,58.63°W13.6
), ArticleFig(id=1225369402766439022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224798730080108590, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

HY-2B卫星与41044浮标2020年数据比对结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号日期观测源时间观测位置阵风
风速/
(m·s−1)
绝对
误差/
(m·s−1)
观测点
距离/
km
11月9日卫星21:4421.42°N,59.23°W9.30.361
4104421:4021.59°N,58.63°W9.6
22月6日卫星21:4421.51°N,59.21°W11.61.061
4104421:4021.59°N,58.63°W10.6
34月16日卫星21:4421.62°N,59.23°W7.70.360
4104421:4021.58°N,58.63°W8.0
45月28日卫星21:4521.56°N,59.20°W6.20.359
4104421:5021.58°N,58.63°W6.5
57月23日卫星21:4521.62°N,59.23°W11.40.558
4104421:4021.59°N,58.63°W10.9
69月3日卫星21:4421.62°N,59.23°W6.70.458
4104421:4021.59°N,58.63°W7.1
79月17日卫星21:4421.45°N,59.18°W12.2059
4104421:4021.59°N,58.63°W12.2
810月1日卫星21:4421.58°N,59.22°W10.01.261
4104421:4021.59°N,58.63°W8.8
910月15日卫星21:4421.62°N,59.23°W6.10.359
4104421:4021.59°N,58.63°W6.4
1011月12日卫星21:4421.51°N,59.19°W10.30.258
4104421:4021.59°N,58.63°W10.1
1112月24日卫星21:4421.62°N,59.23°W14.40.858
4104421:4021.59°N,58.63°W13.6
), ArticleFig(id=1225369402854519409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224798730080108590, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Comparison results between HY-2B satellite and Buoy 41044 in 2021

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号日期观测源时间观测位置阵风
风速/
(m·s−1)
绝对
误差/
(m·s−1)
观测点
距离/
km
12月4日卫星21:4621.56°N,59.21°W6.01.560
4104421:4021.59°N,58.63°W7.5
22月18日卫星21:4421.47°N,59.19°W10.21.359
4104421:4021.59°N,58.63°W11.5
33月18日卫星21:4421.47°N,59.19°W8.11.560
4104421:4021.59°N,58.63°W9.6
45月13日卫星21:4421.60°N,59.21°W8.30.360
4104421:4021.59°N,58.63°W8.6
56月24日卫星21:4621.59°N,59.21°W6.20.560
4104421:5021.59°N,58.63°W5.7
66月10日卫星21:4621.61°N,59.21°W7.70.660
4104421:5021.59°N,58.63°W7.1
77月8日卫星21:4621.60°N,59.21°W10.00.460
4104421:5021.59°N,58.63°W9.6
88月19日卫星21:4621.59°N,59.21°W11.40.361
4104421:5021.59°N,58.63°W11.7
99月2日卫星21:4621.59°N,59.21°W6.30.860
4104421:5021.59°N,58.63°W7.1
109月16日卫星21:4721.59°N,59.21°W8.20.558
4104421:5021.59°N,58.63°W7.7
1112月9日卫星21:4721.59°N,59.21°W9.60.260
4104421:5021.59°N,58.63°W9.8
), ArticleFig(id=1225369402946794103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224798730080108590, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

HY-2B卫星与41044浮标2021年数据比对结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号日期观测源时间观测位置阵风
风速/
(m·s−1)
绝对
误差/
(m·s−1)
观测点
距离/
km
12月4日卫星21:4621.56°N,59.21°W6.01.560
4104421:4021.59°N,58.63°W7.5
22月18日卫星21:4421.47°N,59.19°W10.21.359
4104421:4021.59°N,58.63°W11.5
33月18日卫星21:4421.47°N,59.19°W8.11.560
4104421:4021.59°N,58.63°W9.6
45月13日卫星21:4421.60°N,59.21°W8.30.360
4104421:4021.59°N,58.63°W8.6
56月24日卫星21:4621.59°N,59.21°W6.20.560
4104421:5021.59°N,58.63°W5.7
66月10日卫星21:4621.61°N,59.21°W7.70.660
4104421:5021.59°N,58.63°W7.1
77月8日卫星21:4621.60°N,59.21°W10.00.460
4104421:5021.59°N,58.63°W9.6
88月19日卫星21:4621.59°N,59.21°W11.40.361
4104421:5021.59°N,58.63°W11.7
99月2日卫星21:4621.59°N,59.21°W6.30.860
4104421:5021.59°N,58.63°W7.1
109月16日卫星21:4721.59°N,59.21°W8.20.558
4104421:5021.59°N,58.63°W7.7
1112月9日卫星21:4721.59°N,59.21°W9.60.260
4104421:5021.59°N,58.63°W9.8
), ArticleFig(id=1225369403051651708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224798730080108590, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Comparison results between HY-2B satellite and Buoy 51000 in 2019

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号日期观测源时间观测位置阵风
风速/
(m·s−1)
绝对
误差/
(m·s−1)
观测点
距离/
km
14月21日卫星16:3123.54°N,153.47°W10.41.433
5100016:5023.528°N,153.792°W11.8
26月2日卫星16:3123.51°N,153.48°W9.90.432
5100016:5023.528°N,153.792°W9.6
36月16日卫星16:3123.50°N,153.45°W9.01.734
5100016:5023.528°N,153.792°W10.7
46月30日卫星16:3123.34°N,153.53°W9.11.534
5100016:5023.528°N,153.792°W10.6
58月25日卫星16:3123.53°N, 153.48° W10.30.832
5100016:5023.528°N,153.792°W9.5
69月8日卫星16:3123.50°N,153.49°W9.50.332
5100016:5023.528°N,153.792°W9.8
79月22日卫星16:3123.52°N,153.49°W11.90.332
5100016:5023.528°N,153.792°W11.6
811月3日卫星16:3223.53°N,153.49°W8.20.132
5100016:5023.528°N,153.792°W8.3
912月1日卫星16:3123.55°N,153.49°W9.11.631
5100016:5023.528°N,153.792°W10.7
1012月15日卫星16:3123.54°N,153.49°W8.11.831
5100016:5023.528°N,153.792°W9.9
1112月29日卫星16:3123.53°N,153.47°W9.00.932
5100016:5023.528°N,153.792°W9.9
), ArticleFig(id=1225369403185869440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224798730080108590, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

HY-2B卫星与51000浮标2019年数据比对结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号日期观测源时间观测位置阵风
风速/
(m·s−1)
绝对
误差/
(m·s−1)
观测点
距离/
km
14月21日卫星16:3123.54°N,153.47°W10.41.433
5100016:5023.528°N,153.792°W11.8
26月2日卫星16:3123.51°N,153.48°W9.90.432
5100016:5023.528°N,153.792°W9.6
36月16日卫星16:3123.50°N,153.45°W9.01.734
5100016:5023.528°N,153.792°W10.7
46月30日卫星16:3123.34°N,153.53°W9.11.534
5100016:5023.528°N,153.792°W10.6
58月25日卫星16:3123.53°N, 153.48° W10.30.832
5100016:5023.528°N,153.792°W9.5
69月8日卫星16:3123.50°N,153.49°W9.50.332
5100016:5023.528°N,153.792°W9.8
79月22日卫星16:3123.52°N,153.49°W11.90.332
5100016:5023.528°N,153.792°W11.6
811月3日卫星16:3223.53°N,153.49°W8.20.132
5100016:5023.528°N,153.792°W8.3
912月1日卫星16:3123.55°N,153.49°W9.11.631
5100016:5023.528°N,153.792°W10.7
1012月15日卫星16:3123.54°N,153.49°W8.11.831
5100016:5023.528°N,153.792°W9.9
1112月29日卫星16:3123.53°N,153.47°W9.00.932
5100016:5023.528°N,153.792°W9.9
), ArticleFig(id=1225369403278144130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224798730080108590, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Comparison results between HY-2B satellite and Buoy 51000 in 2020

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号日期观测源时间观测位置阵风
风速/
(m·s−1)
绝对
误差/
(m·s−1)
观测点
距离/
km
11月12日卫星16:3123.57°N,153.49°W17.11.930
5100016:5023.528°N,153.792°W15.2
22月23日卫星16:3123.54°N,153.49°W8.51.431
5100016:5023.528°N,153.792°W9.9
33月22日卫星16:3123.53°N,153.48°W9.90.132
5100016:5023.528°N,153.792°W9.4
45月3日卫星16:3123.45°N,153.49°W9.01.732
5100016:5023.528°N,153.792°W7.3
55月17日卫星16:3323.55°N,153.47°W8.80.133
5100016:3023.528°N,153.792°W8.9
66月14日卫星16:3323.54°N,153.47°W7.90.233
5100016:3023.528°N,153.792°W8.1
77月12日卫星16:3323.50°N,153.48°W8.61.132
5100016:3023.528°N,153.792°W9.7
87月26日卫星16:3323.50°N,153.48°W16.61.932
5100016:4023.528°N,153.792°W14.7
98月9日卫星16:3123.55°N,153.47°W10.50.733
5100016:3023.528°N,153.792°W9.8
108月23日卫星16:3123.55°N,153.48°W7.50.432
5100016:3023.528°N,153.792°W7.1
119月6日卫星16:3123.51°N,153.49°W10.00.831
5100016:3023.528°N,153.792°W9.2
129月20日卫星16:3123.52°N,153.49°W8.80.731
5100016:3023.528°N,153.792°W8.1
1310月18日卫星16:3123.55°N,53.48°W10.20.533
5100016:3023.528°N,153.792°W10.7
1411月15日卫星16:3123.56°N,153.47°W6.50.532
5100016:3023.528°N,153.792°W7.0
1511月29日卫星16:3123.52°N,153.48°W9.90.332
5100016:3023.528°N,153.792°W10.2
1612月27日卫星16:3123.54°N,153.47°W14.40.833
5100016:3023.528°N,153.792°W13.6
), ArticleFig(id=1225369403374613122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224798730080108590, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

HY-2B卫星与51000浮标2020年数据比对结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号日期观测源时间观测位置阵风
风速/
(m·s−1)
绝对
误差/
(m·s−1)
观测点
距离/
km
11月12日卫星16:3123.57°N,153.49°W17.11.930
5100016:5023.528°N,153.792°W15.2
22月23日卫星16:3123.54°N,153.49°W8.51.431
5100016:5023.528°N,153.792°W9.9
33月22日卫星16:3123.53°N,153.48°W9.90.132
5100016:5023.528°N,153.792°W9.4
45月3日卫星16:3123.45°N,153.49°W9.01.732
5100016:5023.528°N,153.792°W7.3
55月17日卫星16:3323.55°N,153.47°W8.80.133
5100016:3023.528°N,153.792°W8.9
66月14日卫星16:3323.54°N,153.47°W7.90.233
5100016:3023.528°N,153.792°W8.1
77月12日卫星16:3323.50°N,153.48°W8.61.132
5100016:3023.528°N,153.792°W9.7
87月26日卫星16:3323.50°N,153.48°W16.61.932
5100016:4023.528°N,153.792°W14.7
98月9日卫星16:3123.55°N,153.47°W10.50.733
5100016:3023.528°N,153.792°W9.8
108月23日卫星16:3123.55°N,153.48°W7.50.432
5100016:3023.528°N,153.792°W7.1
119月6日卫星16:3123.51°N,153.49°W10.00.831
5100016:3023.528°N,153.792°W9.2
129月20日卫星16:3123.52°N,153.49°W8.80.731
5100016:3023.528°N,153.792°W8.1
1310月18日卫星16:3123.55°N,53.48°W10.20.533
5100016:3023.528°N,153.792°W10.7
1411月15日卫星16:3123.56°N,153.47°W6.50.532
5100016:3023.528°N,153.792°W7.0
1511月29日卫星16:3123.52°N,153.48°W9.90.332
5100016:3023.528°N,153.792°W10.2
1612月27日卫星16:3123.54°N,153.47°W14.40.833
5100016:3023.528°N,153.792°W13.6
), ArticleFig(id=1225369403458499207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224798730080108590, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Comparison results between HY-2B satellite and Buoy 51000 in 2021

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号日期观测源时间观测位置阵风
风速/
(m·s−1)
绝对
误差/
(m·s−1)
观测点
距离/
km
11月24日卫星16:3123.54°N,153.47°W12.70.632
5100016:3023.528°N,153.792°W13.3
22月26日卫星16:3123.53°N,153.49°W11.30.131
5100016:3023.528°N,153.792°W11.4
33月7日卫星16:3423.6°N,153.47°W10.62.134
5100016:3023.528°N,153.792°W12.7
43月21日卫星16:3123.55°N,153.49°W10.90.431
5100016:3023.528°N,153.792°W11.3
55月2日卫星16:3123.52°N,153.48°W9.50.332
5100016:3023.528°N,153.792°W9.8
65月16日卫星16:3123.50°N, 153.48° W10.70.532
5100016:3023.528°N,153.792°W10.2
77月11日卫星16:3523.55°N,153.47°W8.40.732
5100016:3023.528°N,153.792°W9.1
87月25日卫星16:3523.51°N,153.50°W10.92.130
5100016:3023.528°N,153.792°W8.8
98月22日卫星16:3523.6°N,153.5°W13.92.136
5100016:3023.528°N,153.792°W11.8
109月5日卫星16:3523.55°N,153.47°W8.20.733
5100016:3023.528°N,153.792°W7.5
119月19日卫星16:3523.56°N,153.44°W9.60.636
5100016:3023.528°N,153.792°W9.0
1210月3日卫星16:3523.56°N,153.44°W9.00.636
5100016:3023.528°N,153.792°W8.4
1311月28日卫星16:3523.55°N,153.47°W14.01.433
5100016:3023.528°N,153.792°W12.6
1412月12日卫星16:3123.53°N,153.48°W10.10.632
5100016:5023.528°N,153.792°W9.5
1512月26日卫星16:3123.53°N,153.48°W12.51.432
5100016:5023.528°N,153.792°W11.1
), ArticleFig(id=1225369403567551114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224798730080108590, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

HY-2B卫星与51000浮标2021年数据比对结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号日期观测源时间观测位置阵风
风速/
(m·s−1)
绝对
误差/
(m·s−1)
观测点
距离/
km
11月24日卫星16:3123.54°N,153.47°W12.70.632
5100016:3023.528°N,153.792°W13.3
22月26日卫星16:3123.53°N,153.49°W11.30.131
5100016:3023.528°N,153.792°W11.4
33月7日卫星16:3423.6°N,153.47°W10.62.134
5100016:3023.528°N,153.792°W12.7
43月21日卫星16:3123.55°N,153.49°W10.90.431
5100016:3023.528°N,153.792°W11.3
55月2日卫星16:3123.52°N,153.48°W9.50.332
5100016:3023.528°N,153.792°W9.8
65月16日卫星16:3123.50°N, 153.48° W10.70.532
5100016:3023.528°N,153.792°W10.2
77月11日卫星16:3523.55°N,153.47°W8.40.732
5100016:3023.528°N,153.792°W9.1
87月25日卫星16:3523.51°N,153.50°W10.92.130
5100016:3023.528°N,153.792°W8.8
98月22日卫星16:3523.6°N,153.5°W13.92.136
5100016:3023.528°N,153.792°W11.8
109月5日卫星16:3523.55°N,153.47°W8.20.733
5100016:3023.528°N,153.792°W7.5
119月19日卫星16:3523.56°N,153.44°W9.60.636
5100016:3023.528°N,153.792°W9.0
1210月3日卫星16:3523.56°N,153.44°W9.00.636
5100016:3023.528°N,153.792°W8.4
1311月28日卫星16:3523.55°N,153.47°W14.01.433
5100016:3023.528°N,153.792°W12.6
1412月12日卫星16:3123.53°N,153.48°W10.10.632
5100016:5023.528°N,153.792°W9.5
1512月26日卫星16:3123.53°N,153.48°W12.51.432
5100016:5023.528°N,153.792°W11.1
), ArticleFig(id=1225369403680797327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224798730080108590, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Comparison results between Jason-3 satellite and Buoy 41047

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号日期观测源时间观测位置阵风风速/(m·s−1)绝对误差/(m·s−1)观测点距离/km
12016年4月15日卫星11:1127.22°N,70.72°W6.91.079
4104710:5027.46°N,71.47°W7.9
22016年4月25日卫星09:1027.20°N,70.71°W10.51.580
4104708:5027.46°N,71.47°W9.0
32016年6月4日卫星01:0427.24°N,70.68°W5.90.482
4104701:1027.46°N,71.47°W5.5
42016年6月23日卫星21:0127.22°N,70.70°W5.40.181
4104721:0027.46°N,71.47°W5.5
52016年7月23日卫星14:5727.22°N,70.71°W4.6080
4104715:0027.46°N,71.47°W4.6
62016年9月1日卫星06:5127.26°N,71.69°W7.91.180
4104707:0027.46°N,71.47°W6.8
72016年10月1日卫星00:4627.20°N,70.70°W8.70.381
4104700:5027.46°N,71.47°W9.0
82016年10月10日卫星22:4527.21°N,70.71°W15.20.280
4104722:5027.46°N,71.47°W15.0
92016年10月20日卫星20:4327.21°N,70.71°W12.80.680
4104720:5027.46°N,71.47°W12.2
102016年10月30日卫星18:4227.22°N,70.71°W8.71.180
4104718:5027.46°N,71.47°W9.8
112016年11月29日卫星12:3827.24°N,70.69°W9.60.481
4104712:5027.46°N,71.47°W9.2
122016年12月19日卫星08:3527.21°N,70.70°W8.70.581
4104708:4027.46°N,71.47°W9.2
132017年4月7日卫星10:1827.21°N,70.70°W10.90.181
4104710:2027.46°N,71.47°W10.8
142017年5月17日卫星04:1427.22°N,70.70°W6.61.581
4104704:2027.46°N,71.47°W5.1
152017年10月2日卫星21:5227.21°N,70.71°W12.40.780
4104722:0027.46°N,71.47°W13.1
162017年10月22日卫星17:4927.21°N,70.71°W10.70.780
4104717:5027.46°N,71.47°W10.0
172017年11月1日卫星15:4727.21°N,70.71°W9.50.680
4104715:5027.46°N,71.47°W10.1
182017年11月11日卫星13:4627.24°N,70.69°W10.11.381
4104713:5027.46°N,71.47°W11.4
192017年11月21日卫星11:4527.23°N,70.70°W13.50.980
4104711:5027.46°N,71.47°W14.4
202017年12月1日卫星09:4327.23°N,70.70°W9.21.280
4104709:5027.46°N,71.47°W8.0
212017年12月11日卫星07:4227.22°N,70.70°W12.62.481
4104707:4027.46°N,71.47°W10.2
222018年1月10日卫星01:3727.28°N,70.67°W13.51.781
4104701:5027.46°N,71.47°W11.8
232018年2月28日卫星15:3027.21°N,70.71°W11.02.080
4104715:4027.46°N,71.47°W13.0
242018年3月20日卫星11:2727.22°N,70.70°W8.30.181
4104711:3027.46°N,71.47°W8.4
252018年4月29日卫星03:2127.21°N,70.70°W8.40.281
4104703:3027.46°N,71.47°W8.2
262018年5月9日卫星01:1927.23°N,70.69°W10.51.581
4104701:2027.46°N,71.47°W9.3
272018年5月18日卫星23:1827.24°N,70.69°W10.50.281
4104723:3027.46°N,71.47°W10.3
282018年5月28日卫星21:1727.22°N,70.70°W8.90.481
4104721:2027.46°N,71.47°W8.5
292018年7月17日卫星11:0927.22°N,70.70°W6.70.181
4104711:2027.46°N,71.47°W6.8
302018年7月27日卫星09:0827.27°N,70.68°W5.80.381
4104709:2027.46°N,71.47°W5.5
312018年11月13日卫星10:5127.21°N,70.71°W10.00.280
4104711:0027.46°N,71.47°W9.8
322018年11月23日卫星08:5027.28°N,70.67°W12.20.780
4104709:0027.46°N,71.47°W12.9
332018年12月3日卫星06:4827.27°N,70.68°W6.81.281
4104706:5027.46°N,71.47°W5.6
), ArticleFig(id=1225369403815015060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224798730080108590, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

Jason-3 卫星与41047浮标数据比对结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号日期观测源时间观测位置阵风风速/(m·s−1)绝对误差/(m·s−1)观测点距离/km
12016年4月15日卫星11:1127.22°N,70.72°W6.91.079
4104710:5027.46°N,71.47°W7.9
22016年4月25日卫星09:1027.20°N,70.71°W10.51.580
4104708:5027.46°N,71.47°W9.0
32016年6月4日卫星01:0427.24°N,70.68°W5.90.482
4104701:1027.46°N,71.47°W5.5
42016年6月23日卫星21:0127.22°N,70.70°W5.40.181
4104721:0027.46°N,71.47°W5.5
52016年7月23日卫星14:5727.22°N,70.71°W4.6080
4104715:0027.46°N,71.47°W4.6
62016年9月1日卫星06:5127.26°N,71.69°W7.91.180
4104707:0027.46°N,71.47°W6.8
72016年10月1日卫星00:4627.20°N,70.70°W8.70.381
4104700:5027.46°N,71.47°W9.0
82016年10月10日卫星22:4527.21°N,70.71°W15.20.280
4104722:5027.46°N,71.47°W15.0
92016年10月20日卫星20:4327.21°N,70.71°W12.80.680
4104720:5027.46°N,71.47°W12.2
102016年10月30日卫星18:4227.22°N,70.71°W8.71.180
4104718:5027.46°N,71.47°W9.8
112016年11月29日卫星12:3827.24°N,70.69°W9.60.481
4104712:5027.46°N,71.47°W9.2
122016年12月19日卫星08:3527.21°N,70.70°W8.70.581
4104708:4027.46°N,71.47°W9.2
132017年4月7日卫星10:1827.21°N,70.70°W10.90.181
4104710:2027.46°N,71.47°W10.8
142017年5月17日卫星04:1427.22°N,70.70°W6.61.581
4104704:2027.46°N,71.47°W5.1
152017年10月2日卫星21:5227.21°N,70.71°W12.40.780
4104722:0027.46°N,71.47°W13.1
162017年10月22日卫星17:4927.21°N,70.71°W10.70.780
4104717:5027.46°N,71.47°W10.0
172017年11月1日卫星15:4727.21°N,70.71°W9.50.680
4104715:5027.46°N,71.47°W10.1
182017年11月11日卫星13:4627.24°N,70.69°W10.11.381
4104713:5027.46°N,71.47°W11.4
192017年11月21日卫星11:4527.23°N,70.70°W13.50.980
4104711:5027.46°N,71.47°W14.4
202017年12月1日卫星09:4327.23°N,70.70°W9.21.280
4104709:5027.46°N,71.47°W8.0
212017年12月11日卫星07:4227.22°N,70.70°W12.62.481
4104707:4027.46°N,71.47°W10.2
222018年1月10日卫星01:3727.28°N,70.67°W13.51.781
4104701:5027.46°N,71.47°W11.8
232018年2月28日卫星15:3027.21°N,70.71°W11.02.080
4104715:4027.46°N,71.47°W13.0
242018年3月20日卫星11:2727.22°N,70.70°W8.30.181
4104711:3027.46°N,71.47°W8.4
252018年4月29日卫星03:2127.21°N,70.70°W8.40.281
4104703:3027.46°N,71.47°W8.2
262018年5月9日卫星01:1927.23°N,70.69°W10.51.581
4104701:2027.46°N,71.47°W9.3
272018年5月18日卫星23:1827.24°N,70.69°W10.50.281
4104723:3027.46°N,71.47°W10.3
282018年5月28日卫星21:1727.22°N,70.70°W8.90.481
4104721:2027.46°N,71.47°W8.5
292018年7月17日卫星11:0927.22°N,70.70°W6.70.181
4104711:2027.46°N,71.47°W6.8
302018年7月27日卫星09:0827.27°N,70.68°W5.80.381
4104709:2027.46°N,71.47°W5.5
312018年11月13日卫星10:5127.21°N,70.71°W10.00.280
4104711:0027.46°N,71.47°W9.8
322018年11月23日卫星08:5027.28°N,70.67°W12.20.780
4104709:0027.46°N,71.47°W12.9
332018年12月3日卫星06:4827.27°N,70.68°W6.81.281
4104706:5027.46°N,71.47°W5.6
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HY-2B卫星载荷联合观测海面阵风的一种反演方法
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张有广 1, 2 , 蒋城飞 2, * , 贾永君 1, 2 , 马小峰 1, 2
海洋学报 | 论文 2022,44(11): 133-143
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海洋学报 | 论文 2022, 44(11): 133-143
HY-2B卫星载荷联合观测海面阵风的一种反演方法
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张有广1, 2 , 蒋城飞2, * , 贾永君1, 2, 马小峰1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州),广东 广州 511485
  • 2.国家卫星海洋应用中心,北京 100081
  • 张有广(1971-),男,山东省济南市人,研究员,从事海洋微波遥感研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

蒋城飞(1990-),男,博士,主要从事海洋微波遥感研究。E-mail:
An inversion method for joint observation of wind gusts by HY-2B satellite remote sensors
Youguang Zhang1, 2 , Chengfei Jiang2, * , Yongjun Jia1, 2, Xiaofeng Ma1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1. Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511485, China
  • 2. National Satellite Ocean Application Service, Beijing 100081, China
出版时间: 2022-11-01 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2022131
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国内外对海上阵风的研究并不多,且大多集中在阵风预报和应用研究方面,对于海洋阵风数据的获取技术未见文献系统论述。本文利用HY-2B卫星雷达高度计观测的后向散射系数,结合校正微波辐射计观测的亮度温度信息,提出联合反演阵风风速的方法。两个遥感载荷联合反演得到的阵风风速与2019–2021年美国国家浮标数据中心(NDBC)浮标数据进行真实性检验,结果显示:阵风风速均方根误差(RMSE)为0.98 m/s,相关系数为0.82;基于本方法利用国外同类卫星Jason-3得到的阵风风速与2016–2018年NDBC浮标数据的RMSE为0.96 m/s,相关系数为0.88。本文在HY-2B卫星雷达高度计海面风速观测的基础上,纳入同一卫星平台校正微波辐射计的同步观测信息联合实现了海面阵风的观测,数据的比对结果证明文中方法具有较高的观测精度。同时,该方法对于具有相同观测体制的国内外卫星也适用。

HY-2B卫星  /  雷达高度计  /  校正微波辐射计  /  海面阵风  /  反演方法

There are few researches on offshore gusts at home and abroad, and most of them focus on gust prediction and application research. There is no systematic discussion on the acquisition technology of wind gust data. Based on the backscattering coefficient observed by HY-2B satellite radar altimeter and the brightness temperature information observed by correction microwave radiometer, a method for retrieving gust wind speed is proposed in this paper. The gust wind speed obtained from the joint inversion of the two remote sensing sensors is verified with the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) buoy data from 2019 to 2021. The results show that the gust wind speed root mean square error (RMSE) is 0.98 m/s and the correlation coefficient is 0.82. The RMSE of the gust wind speed obtained based on the method using a similar satellite Jason-3 is 0.96 m/s and the correlation coefficient is 0.88. Based on the observation of sea surface wind speed with HY-2B satellite radar altimeter and the synchronous observation information of correction microwave radiometer by satellite platform, the observation of sea surface wind gust is realized jointly. The comparison results of data show that the method in this paper has high observation accuracy. At the same time, this method is also applicable to domestic and foreign satellites with the same observation system. This provides a simple and reliable means of ocean remote sensing technology for the current situation of insufficient observation capacity of offshore wind gust.

HY-2B satellite  /  radar altimeter  /  correction microwave radiometer  /  wind gust  /  inversion method
张有广, 蒋城飞, 贾永君, 马小峰. HY-2B卫星载荷联合观测海面阵风的一种反演方法. 海洋学报, 2022 , 44 (11) : 133 -143 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2022131
Youguang Zhang, Chengfei Jiang, Yongjun Jia, Xiaofeng Ma. An inversion method for joint observation of wind gusts by HY-2B satellite remote sensors[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2022 , 44 (11) : 133 -143 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2022131
海上阵风是海面的瞬时极大风速。在海洋工程结构设计中,尤其是上层建筑结构必须要考虑阵风的作用[1]。阵风特性研究也是大风预报和服务的基础[2]。胡波等[3]利用2006–2012年的NCEP/NCAR再分析数据、舟山群岛68个自动站的小时极大风速数据,通过定义大气环流形势相似指数和地面风场相似指数,建立一种阵风经验统计降尺度映射预报模型。魏晓琳等[4]利用深圳沿海站点的风速观测资料,按季风及热带气旋两种类型探讨了阵风和阵风系数的统计特征。周福等[2]基于2011–2013年浙江省自动气象站逐日逐10 min测风资料,分析了浙江省陆地和近海海面冷空气、热带气旋和强对流大风的阵风系数特征,认为模糊聚类可帮助提高模型阵风系数预报能力。Giglio等[5]认为上层海洋过程在海气耦合中起着关键作用,在短时间尺度和长时间尺度上都有变化。当日平均风较弱时,阵风调节海地表水混合到更深处的速度。阵风比白天的风强得多。即使在一维过程模型中使用随机阵风,但不使用日风作为输入,也可以得到与观测值比较好的日温度估计值。胡波等[3]利用2006–2016年冬、春季浙江4个海岛气象站10 m大风观测资料和ERA-interim资料,采用高斯过程回归方法建立阵风概率预报模型,并进行试报,大部分站点阵风预报的50%概率区间上下界跨度约为2.5 m/s, 75 %概率区间跨度约为4.5 m/s[3]。万夫敬等[6]利用上海台风研究所移动观测车获取的“莫拉克”台风登陆过程中超声风、温等观测资料对地面阵风特性进行了诊断分析。
综上所述,国内外对海上阵风的研究并不多,且大多集中在阵风预报和应用方面,对于海洋阵风数据的获取技术未见文献系统论述。我国的海洋动力环境卫星(HY-2B)于2018年投入在轨业务运行,已经具备全球海面风速等海洋动力环境信息的业务化获取能力[7]。利用HY-2B卫星上的雷达高度计获取海面的风速信息是其主要功能之一。迄今研究学者已提出大约20种的雷达高度计风速反演算法,其中比较著名的包括文献中提出的仅依赖于Ku波段后向散射系数单参数经验算法[812]。Gourrion等[13]通过对 TOPEX/Poseidon 高度计测量的有效波高和标准化雷达后向散射截面资料与NSCAT风速数据进行时空匹配处理, 得到同步数据集,利用人工神经网络方法试验得到反演海面风速的两参数算法(即将后向散射系数和有效波高都作为输入的参数)。目前,HY-2B卫星雷达高度计就是采用这种方法获取全球海面风速信息。
综上所述,国内外对海上阵风的研究并不多,且大多集中在阵风预报和应用研究方面,对于海洋阵风数据的获取技术未见文献系统论述。同时,现有的卫星雷达高度计获取的只是海面风速的信息,也未提供海面阵风风速的观测。本文将在HY-2B卫星雷达高度计海面风速观测的基础上,纳入被动遥感观测的校正微波辐射计的同步观测信息,补偿雷达高度计的风速观测能力,实现两个遥感载荷联合的海面阵风观测,为阵风风速的观测提供一种可靠的卫星遥感信息获取手段。
雷达高度计是海洋动力环境卫星上的主动微波遥感载荷。它向海面垂直发射脉冲,通过接收返回脉冲的信号进行信息的获取。在返回的脉冲信号波形中,波形的幅度与海面后向散射特性具有相关性,利用这种相关关系可以建立海面风速与后向散射系数的算法模型,进而实现风速信息的获取 [14]。HY-2B卫星雷达高度计有Ku和C两个频段,都可以进行有效波高和风速的观测,在卫星二级标准数据产品中包含了Ku和C频段的后向散射系数、海面风速、有效波高和海面高度等海洋动力环境信息。图1为文中所用的后向散射系数沿轨道分布示意图,数据的沿轨空间分辨率为7 km,1 s一个观测数据点,每个观测数据的空间足印为1.9 km。Jason-3卫星由美国和法国联合研制,Jason-3卫星雷达高度计与HY-2B卫星雷达高度计属于相同工作体制的遥感器,技术指标也基本一致[15]
校正辐射计是海洋动力环境卫星上专门为雷达高度计配备的用于大气湿对流层路径延迟校正的被动微波遥感载荷。HY-2B卫星校正辐射计有18.7 GHz(T18)、23.8 GHz(T23)和37 GHz(T37) 3个亮度温度观测通道,这3个通道分别对海面风速、大气水汽和云液态水含量信息敏感,进而可以建立相应的反演算法[16]。校正辐射计各通道的亮度温度观测数据已经融合到雷达高度计的二级标准数据产品中,数据的采样间隔也是1 s,空间分辨率为24 km。Jason-3卫星校正辐射计有18.7 GHz(T18)、23.8 GHz(T23)和34 GHz(T37) 3个亮度温度观测通道,技术指标基本与HY-2B校正辐射计一致[15]。文中所用的HY-2B卫星校正辐射计T18数据的沿轨分布示意图,如图2所示。
美国国家浮标数据中心(NDBC)持续提供高质量的海洋环境观测,以支持对天气、气候、海洋和海岸变化的理解和预测。NDBC全球浮标观测体系中有1 000多个各类浮标,用来获取海洋和大气的多种现场观测数据。其中,浮标获取的风速信息有海面风速和阵风风速等。海面风速是NDBC浮标在8 min内的平均风速(m/s),陆地站在2 min内的平均风速(m/s),每小时报告一次;阵风风速是在8 min或2 min内测得的峰值5 s或8 s阵风风速(m/s)。本文研究中选取了距离HY-2B卫星星下点观测距离最近的2个浮标点的观测数据进行定量评估,分别是41044和51000浮标,时段是2019–2021年。选取了距离Jason-3卫星星下点观测距离最近的浮标41047进行研究方法的适用性评估,数据时段是2016–2018年。图3为截取自NDBC的浮标位置示意图,浮标51000、41044和41047(图中红圈内)分别位于美国东部太平洋和西部大西洋开阔海域,卫星数据不受陆地污染,利用数据的比对和分析。
HY-2B卫星雷达高度计风速反演算法中利用了Gourrion等[13]提出的双参数模型,即
$ U_{10}{\text{ = }}\frac{{Y - {{a}_{{{U_{10}}}}}}}{{{{b}_{{{U_{10}}}}}}} \text{,} $
$ Y = \left[1 + {\exp ^{ - (\overline {{\boldsymbol{W}}_{y}} X + \overline {{\boldsymbol{B}}_{y}} )}}\right]^{ - 1} \text{,} $
$ X = \left[1 + {\exp ^{ - (\overline {{\boldsymbol{W}}_{x}} {{ {\boldsymbol{P}} }^{\rm{T}}} + {{\overline {{\boldsymbol{B}}_{x}} }^{\rm{T}}})}}\right]^{ - 1} \text{,} $
式中,U10为距离海面10 m处的风速;PSWHσ0归一化后的矩阵,维度为1×2;$a_{U_{10}} $,$b_{U_{10}} $为风速系数; $\overline {{\boldsymbol{W}}_{x}}$,$\overline {{\boldsymbol{W}}_{y}}$,$\overline {{\boldsymbol{B}}_{x}}$,$\overline {{\boldsymbol{B}}_{y}}$为待定的模型参数矩阵,维度分别为2×2,2×1,1×2,1×1。利用神经网络模型确定的上述模型中待定参数如表1表2所示。
根据上述方法,HY-2B卫星雷达高度计可以实现全球海面风速的观测(图4),在非降雨条件下,20 m/s风速以内的观测精度优于2 m/s[17]
为了研究海面风速和阵风之间的关系,本文选取了距离HY-2B卫星星下点观测距离最近的2个NDBC浮标的观测数据,分别是41044和51000浮标;选取的浮标观测数据时段是2019–2021年。51000和41044浮标分别位于美国东部太平洋和西部大西洋开阔海域,卫星数据不受陆地污染,利于数据的比对和分析。经过数据筛选,有70对数据点满足时间1 h,空间距离100 km以内的数据匹配条件,相应的HY-2B卫星雷达高度计获取的海面风速(W0)与NDBC浮标的海面风速(wb)和阵风风速(wg)比对结果,如图5图6所示。
图5图6看出,W0wb风速符合较好,每次观测的绝对偏差都在2 m/s以内,说明现有海面风速观测方法是可靠的。但是,W0wg浮标阵风风速存在明显的偏差,最高达4 m/s左右,与浮标阵风风速出现不同程度的偏离。为此,需要在现有卫星观测海面风速的基础上,进一步改进算法,提升阵风观测能力。本文的思路是在HY-2B卫星雷达高度计海面风速观测的基础上,纳入被动遥感观测的校正微波辐射计同步观测信息,补偿雷达高度计对阵风风速的观测能力,实现两个遥感载荷联合海面阵风观测。考虑到校正辐射计18.7 GHz通道亮度温度(T18)在海上的量程是130~250 K;雷达高度计观测后向散射系数(σ0)量程是7~30 dB,将T18减小一个量级,可达到与σ0同等量级。同时,考虑到T18中包含着大气环境信息和海面粗糙度等信息,它比雷达高度计获取的海面后向散射信息更为丰富。因此,由T18亮度温度中去除雷达高度计后向散射信息$\Biggr( $即,$ \dfrac{{T}_{18}}{{10}} - \sigma _{{\text{Ku}}}^0\Biggr)$,再对雷达高度计海面风速进行修正,相应的海面阵风风速经验计算公式为
$ W = \left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{l}} {T \times 2 + W_{0}}, \\ {T \times 2 + 1.5 + W_{0}}, \end{array}\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {T > 0.5}, \\ {0 < T \leqslant 0.5},\end{array}} \right. $
$ T = \frac{{T_{18}}}{{10}} - \sigma _{{\text{ku}}}^0 \text{,} $
式中,W为阵风风速; $ \sigma _{{\text{ku}}}^0 $为高度计Ku波段后向散射系数;T18为校正辐射计18.7 GHz通道亮温;W0为雷达高度计观测海面风速。式(4)中的常数1.5,是对低风速条件下的补偿因子。在式(4)中,T > 0.5时,对应W0 > 7 m/s的风速;0 < T ≤0.5时,对应7 m/s > W0 > 5 m/s的风速。在T > 0.5时,与图5所示的NDBC浮标数据的进行统计分析,确定了系数取值为2;在0 < T ≤0.5时,将7 m/s > W0 > 5 m/s的风速数据与NDBC浮标风速进行统计分析,存在平均1.5 m/s的偏差,需对式(4)做相应的低风速补偿。在实际数据处理中,考虑到雷达高度计在高风速和降雨条件下后向散射系数的观测更稳定,在$ T > 0.5 $时,将$ \sigma _{{\text{Ku}}}^0 $替换成$ \sigma _{\text{C}}^0 $(C波段后向散射系数)进行数据处理。
这里以浮标41044在2021年10月1日和浮标51000在2021年10月3日的卫星观测为例,在图7图8中展示了卫星观测海面风速W0和阵风风速WG的变化。由图7图8可以看出,本文方法(图中红线)明显提升了HY-2B卫星海面风速(图中蓝线)观测的量值。
为了对本文方法进行定量化评估,将NDBC浮标观测的海面风速和阵风风速纳入进行真实性检验。通过数据匹配共找到70对数据,具体的比对信息见图9图11表3表8。数据比对结果中除了3次阵风观测的绝对误差为2.1 m/s,其他数据观测绝对误差均优于2.0 m/s。按照式(6)计算的均方根误差(RMSE)为0.98 m/s,卫星和浮标数据的相关性0.82。
$ {\rm{RMSE}}(W_{\rm{G}}, w_{\rm{g}})=\sqrt{\frac{1}{m}\sum^m_{i=1}\left[W_{\rm{G}}(i)-w_{\rm{g}}(i)\right]^2}\text{,} $
式中,m为比对数据点数;wg为浮标阵风风速;WG为卫星观测阵风风速。
图11所示,卫星观测海面风速W0与浮标阵风风速wg绝对误差最大可达4.2 m/s;卫星观测阵风速WG与浮标阵风风速wg绝对误差均在2.1 m/s以内,绝大部分观测优于1.5 m/s。这表明文中方法具备可靠的阵风风速观测能力。
本文为了进一步检验反演方法,并评估方法在同类卫星上的适用性。这里将本文方法应用到Jason-3卫星上,反演的阵风风速与NDBC的浮标41047进行比对评估。浮标41047位于北大西洋北部的北美海盆开阔海域(图3)。数据比对的时段为2016–2018年,表9图12为数据的比对结果,在33个匹配数据点中,只有1个数据点绝对误差为2.4 m/s,其他观测均达到或优于2 m/s,RMSE为0.96 m/s,相关系数为0.88。数据比对验证表明:本文方法对于同类卫星也适用,也具备高精度的观测能力。
海上阵风是对海上工程和海上安全必不可少的海洋环境信息,但缺乏相关的有效观测手段。本文针对海上阵风遥感观测开展研究,提出利用HY-2B卫星雷达高度计观测的后向散射系数,结合同步校正微波辐射计观测的亮度温度信息联合反演阵风风速的方法。该方法是在卫星现有海面风速观测基础上,利用同步观测的校正辐射计提供的18.7 GHz通道的亮度温度信息,来对雷达高度计对海面风速的观测进行补偿,进而具备阵风的观测能力。为了定量化评估文中方法的可靠性,采用两个遥感载荷联合反演得到的阵风风速与2019–2021年NDBC浮标数据进行真实性检验,结果显示:阵风风速RMSE为0.98 m/s,相关系数为0.82。为了检验文中方法在同类卫星上的适用性,基于本方法利用国外同类卫星Jason-3得到的阵风风速与2016–2018年NDBC浮标数据的RMSE为0.96 m/s,相关系数为0.88。通过数据比对和分析,采用雷达高度计和校正辐射计联合观测海上阵风风速是可行的,并具备较高的观测精度。同时,该方法对于具有相同观测体制的国内外卫星也适用。本文的研究可为海上阵风卫星遥感观测提供一种简单易行且可靠的技术手段。
致谢:感谢NDBC网站提供的浮标阵风数据(https://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/);感谢AVISO提供的Jason-3卫星雷达高度计数据(https://aviso.altimetry.fr/en/data.html)。
  • 南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州)人才团队引进重大专项(GML2019ZD0302)
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2022年第44卷第11期
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doi: 10.12284/hyxb2022131
  • 接收时间:2022-02-15
  • 首发时间:2026-02-01
  • 出版时间:2022-11-01
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  • 收稿日期:2022-02-15
  • 修回日期:2022-05-25
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南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州)人才团队引进重大专项(GML2019ZD0302)
作者信息
    1.南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州),广东 广州 511485
    2.国家卫星海洋应用中心,北京 100081

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蒋城飞(1990-),男,博士,主要从事海洋微波遥感研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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