Article(id=1224796617295938184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1224796616687764104, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12284/hyxb2022052, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1626796800000, receivedDateStr=2021-07-21, revisedDate=1636646400000, revisedDateStr=2021-11-12, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1769943869183, onlineDateStr=2026-02-01, pubDate=1651334400000, pubDateStr=2022-05-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1769943869183, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-01, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1769943869183, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1769943869183, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1224796616687764104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2022', volume='44', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='160', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1769943869039, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1769995953219, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1225015073643577388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1224796616687764104, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1225015073643577389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1224796616687764104, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=25, endPage=34, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1224796617572762251, articleId=1224796617295938184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Study on the chlorophyll a concentration retrieved from HY-1C satellite coastal zone imager data, columnId=1224796617509847690, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Haiyang-1C/D Satellite Data Processing and Typical Applications, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

As one of the most important water quality parameters, chlorophyll a is an important indicator to evaluate the degree of eutrophication of water bodies and also the main factors of primary productivity state of the oceans. The coastal zone imager (CZI) onboard the Chinese Haiyang-1C (HY-1C) satellite has an advantage observation in high temporal and spatial resolution. In this study, a chlorophyll a concentration retrieval model for CZI onboard the HY-1C satellite is developed from the in-situ measurements in the East China Sea and the South China Sea. The chlorophyll a concentration is retrieved by the model in the measured waters and compared with MODIS chlorophyll a concentration. The chlorophyll a concentration also retrieved in the Zhujiang River Estuary, Changjiang River Estuary and Bohai Bay. The correlation coefficient between the predicted value of the model and the in-situ chlorophyll a concentration is 0.774 3, the average relative error is 24.58%. The accuracy of the model is verified with the in-situ measurements with the correlation coefficient of 0.993 9 and the average relative error of 18.49%. The distribution of chlorophyll a concentration retrieved from CZI is nearly the same as that of MODIS. The chlorophyll a concentration decreases gradually from northwest to southeast and the peak value locates on the west bank of the Zhujiang River Estuary. The inversion of chlorophyll a concentration in Changjiang River Estuary and Bohai Bay accords with the actual situation. The work in this study indicates that HY-1C satellite coastal zone imager data are useful for the monitoring of coastal ocean color in China.

, correspAuthors=Bin Zou, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2022 Pratacultural Science. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yue Teng, Bin Zou, Xiaomin Ye), CN=ArticleExt(id=1224796620701713075, articleId=1224796617295938184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=HY-1C卫星海岸带成像仪叶绿素a浓度反演研究, columnId=1224796617644065420, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=海洋一号C/D卫星数据处理与典型应用, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

叶绿素a作为最重要的水质参数之一,是评价水体富营养化和初级生产力状况的主要因素。我国海洋一号C(HY-1C)卫星海岸带成像仪(CZI)具有高时空分辨率的观测优势。本文基于东海和南海现场实测数据建立了HY-1C卫星CZI叶绿素a浓度反演模型并在实测水域进行反演,与MODIS叶绿素a浓度反演产品进行了对比验证,应用CZI叶绿素a浓度模型在珠江口、长江口、渤海湾水域进行了叶绿素a浓度反演示例试验。结果表明,叶绿素a浓度模型估算浓度与实测浓度相关系数为0.774 3,平均相对误差为24.58%,利用实测叶绿素a浓度对模型进行精度验证,相关系数达到0.993 9,平均相对误差为18.49%。模型在实测水域反演得到的叶绿素a浓度分布与MODIS叶绿素a浓度产品分布大体一致。在珠江口水域反演得到叶绿素a浓度空间分布为由西北向东南逐级递减,峰值出现在珠江口西沿岸。在长江口、渤海湾反演叶绿素a浓度空间分布均符合地理实情。研究表明HY-1C卫星CZI数据可应用于中国近海水色定量化研究。

, correspAuthors=邹斌, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
邹斌(1969—),男,河南省信阳市人,研究员,主要从事海洋遥感应用研究。E-mail: zoubin@mail.nsoas.org.cn
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滕越(1997—),女,山东省德州市人,主要从事海洋遥感水色要素的研究。E-mail:

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滕越(1997—),女,山东省德州市人,主要从事海洋遥感水色要素的研究。E-mail:

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The satellite remotely-sensed analysis of the temporal and spatial variability of chlorophyll a concentration in the northern South China Sea[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2013, 35(3): 98−105., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1225368171142627368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224796617295938184, awardId=D040107, language=CN, fundingSource=民用航天技术预先研究项目(D040107), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1225368165778113190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224796617295938184, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1225368165782307495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224796617295938184, companyId=1225368165778113190, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 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Imaging time: September 26, 2019

, figureFileSmall=3vbd/A8DxDMZ9o7W3LlUsA==, figureFileBig=Ir/6YHtGor9GyfgChuwvow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225368168802206567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224796617295938184, language=CN, label=图3, caption=海南岛周围HY-1C卫星海岸带成像仪遥感影像

观测时间:2019年9月26日

, figureFileSmall=3vbd/A8DxDMZ9o7W3LlUsA==, figureFileBig=Ir/6YHtGor9GyfgChuwvow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225368168969978739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224796617295938184, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Images acquired by coastal zone imager onboard the HY-1C satellite of the Zhujiang River Estuary waters, figureFileSmall=twLnNId8IZYf1QhHpXviGw==, figureFileBig=t4C0s/ad7fE0mvNnSXPnjg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225368169091613562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224796617295938184, language=CN, label=图4, caption=珠江口水域HY-1C卫星海岸带成像仪遥感影像, figureFileSmall=twLnNId8IZYf1QhHpXviGw==, figureFileBig=t4C0s/ad7fE0mvNnSXPnjg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225368169309717382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224796617295938184, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Chlorophyll a concentration retrieved from coastal zone imager in the offshore water around Hainan Island

a. Chlorophyll a concentration retrieved from coastal zone imager; b. chlorophyll a concentration retrieved from MODIS

, figureFileSmall=69ysc3MOXN56jUYBpDUJHg==, figureFileBig=LIdSiwyzfXwB6gAFud7QKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225368169443935118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224796617295938184, language=CN, label=图5, caption=海南岛周围叶绿素a浓度海岸带成像仪反演结果

a. 海岸带成像仪叶绿素a浓度反演结果 ;b. MODIS 叶绿素a浓度反演结果

, figureFileSmall=69ysc3MOXN56jUYBpDUJHg==, figureFileBig=LIdSiwyzfXwB6gAFud7QKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225368169615901596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224796617295938184, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Chlorophyll a concentration retrieved from coastal zone imager in the Zhujiang River Estuary, figureFileSmall=2OLrzOyvzHsCQauQ20WoCg==, figureFileBig=sp30Q/BHpcSIqFZreWY5XQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225368169729147812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224796617295938184, language=CN, label=图6, caption=珠江口叶绿素a浓度海岸带成像仪反演结果, figureFileSmall=2OLrzOyvzHsCQauQ20WoCg==, figureFileBig=sp30Q/BHpcSIqFZreWY5XQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225368169884337075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224796617295938184, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Chlorophyll a concentration retrieved from coastal zone imager in the Changjiang River Estuary and its adjacent waters, figureFileSmall=IHSikFbvtFJ7Sk1o1HxV4Q==, figureFileBig=MbzI5L6BRWWyKvCFW4Msxw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225368170047914947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224796617295938184, language=CN, label=图7, caption=长江口及其邻近水域叶绿素a浓度海岸带成像仪反演结果, figureFileSmall=IHSikFbvtFJ7Sk1o1HxV4Q==, figureFileBig=MbzI5L6BRWWyKvCFW4Msxw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225368170224075730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224796617295938184, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Chlorophyll a concentration retrieved from coastal zone imager in the Bohai Bay, figureFileSmall=WRNJSW7DsL7fqBSICZxGRw==, figureFileBig=vAR5M9EnzeNkNHPP2hqLkQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225368170408625119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224796617295938184, language=CN, label=图8, caption=渤海湾叶绿素a浓度海岸带成像仪反演结果, figureFileSmall=WRNJSW7DsL7fqBSICZxGRw==, figureFileBig=vAR5M9EnzeNkNHPP2hqLkQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225368170568008686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224796617295938184, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic parameters of coastal zone imager onboard HY-1C satellite

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
太阳同步回归轨道波段/μm不同波段应用对象
  注:星下点分辨率为50 m;幅宽≥950 km;太阳同步回归轨道高度:782 km;太阳同步回归轨道地方时:10:30AM±30 min。
0.42~0.50叶绿素、污染、冰、浅海地形
0.52~0.60叶绿素、低浓度泥沙、污染、滩涂
0.61~0.69中等浓度泥沙、植被、土壤
0.76~0.89植被、高浓度泥沙、大气校正
), ArticleFig(id=1225368170698032125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224796617295938184, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

HY-1C 卫星海岸带成像仪的基本参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
太阳同步回归轨道波段/μm不同波段应用对象
  注:星下点分辨率为50 m;幅宽≥950 km;太阳同步回归轨道高度:782 km;太阳同步回归轨道地方时:10:30AM±30 min。
0.42~0.50叶绿素、污染、冰、浅海地形
0.52~0.60叶绿素、低浓度泥沙、污染、滩涂
0.61~0.69中等浓度泥沙、植被、土壤
0.76~0.89植被、高浓度泥沙、大气校正
), ArticleFig(id=1225368170781917190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224796617295938184, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The basic parameters of remote sensing data used

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
覆盖区域序号载荷/卫星成像时间
海南岛1CZI/HY-1C2019年9月26日 03:28
2CZI/HY-1C2019年9月26日 03:29
珠江口3CZI/HY-1C2020年1月30日 03:28
4CZI/ HY-1C2020年2月26日 03:28
5CZI/ HY-1C2020年10月11日 03:25
6CZI/ HY-1C2020年11月22日 03:24
7CZI/ HY-1C2020年12月4日 03:24
长江口8CZI/ HY-1C2020年11月8日 02:48
9CZI/ HY-1C2020年11月8日 02:49
渤海湾10CZI/ HY-1C2020年10月26日 03:20
), ArticleFig(id=1225368170890969104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224796617295938184, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

所用遥感数据基本参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
覆盖区域序号载荷/卫星成像时间
海南岛1CZI/HY-1C2019年9月26日 03:28
2CZI/HY-1C2019年9月26日 03:29
珠江口3CZI/HY-1C2020年1月30日 03:28
4CZI/ HY-1C2020年2月26日 03:28
5CZI/ HY-1C2020年10月11日 03:25
6CZI/ HY-1C2020年11月22日 03:24
7CZI/ HY-1C2020年12月4日 03:24
长江口8CZI/ HY-1C2020年11月8日 02:48
9CZI/ HY-1C2020年11月8日 02:49
渤海湾10CZI/ HY-1C2020年10月26日 03:20
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HY-1C卫星海岸带成像仪叶绿素a浓度反演研究
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滕越 1, 2, 3 , 邹斌 2, 3, * , 叶小敏 2, 3
海洋学报 | 海洋一号C/D卫星数据处理与典型应用 2022,44(5): 25-34
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海洋学报 | 海洋一号C/D卫星数据处理与典型应用 2022, 44(5): 25-34
HY-1C卫星海岸带成像仪叶绿素a浓度反演研究
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滕越1, 2, 3 , 邹斌2, 3, * , 叶小敏2, 3
作者信息
  • 1.国家海洋环境预报中心,北京 100081
  • 2.国家卫星海洋应用中心,北京 100081
  • 3.自然资源部空间海洋遥感与应用研究重点实验室,北京 100081
  • 滕越(1997—),女,山东省德州市人,主要从事海洋遥感水色要素的研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

邹斌(1969—),男,河南省信阳市人,研究员,主要从事海洋遥感应用研究。E-mail: zoubin@mail.nsoas.org.cn
Study on the chlorophyll a concentration retrieved from HY-1C satellite coastal zone imager data
Yue Teng1, 2, 3 , Bin Zou2, 3, * , Xiaomin Ye2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1. National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, Beijing 100081, China
  • 2. National Satellite Ocean Application Service, Beijing 100081, China
  • 3. Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application, State Oceanic Administration, Beijing 100081, China
出版时间: 2022-05-01 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2022052
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叶绿素a作为最重要的水质参数之一,是评价水体富营养化和初级生产力状况的主要因素。我国海洋一号C(HY-1C)卫星海岸带成像仪(CZI)具有高时空分辨率的观测优势。本文基于东海和南海现场实测数据建立了HY-1C卫星CZI叶绿素a浓度反演模型并在实测水域进行反演,与MODIS叶绿素a浓度反演产品进行了对比验证,应用CZI叶绿素a浓度模型在珠江口、长江口、渤海湾水域进行了叶绿素a浓度反演示例试验。结果表明,叶绿素a浓度模型估算浓度与实测浓度相关系数为0.774 3,平均相对误差为24.58%,利用实测叶绿素a浓度对模型进行精度验证,相关系数达到0.993 9,平均相对误差为18.49%。模型在实测水域反演得到的叶绿素a浓度分布与MODIS叶绿素a浓度产品分布大体一致。在珠江口水域反演得到叶绿素a浓度空间分布为由西北向东南逐级递减,峰值出现在珠江口西沿岸。在长江口、渤海湾反演叶绿素a浓度空间分布均符合地理实情。研究表明HY-1C卫星CZI数据可应用于中国近海水色定量化研究。

HY-1C卫星  /  海岸带成像仪  /  叶绿素a浓度  /  珠江口

As one of the most important water quality parameters, chlorophyll a is an important indicator to evaluate the degree of eutrophication of water bodies and also the main factors of primary productivity state of the oceans. The coastal zone imager (CZI) onboard the Chinese Haiyang-1C (HY-1C) satellite has an advantage observation in high temporal and spatial resolution. In this study, a chlorophyll a concentration retrieval model for CZI onboard the HY-1C satellite is developed from the in-situ measurements in the East China Sea and the South China Sea. The chlorophyll a concentration is retrieved by the model in the measured waters and compared with MODIS chlorophyll a concentration. The chlorophyll a concentration also retrieved in the Zhujiang River Estuary, Changjiang River Estuary and Bohai Bay. The correlation coefficient between the predicted value of the model and the in-situ chlorophyll a concentration is 0.774 3, the average relative error is 24.58%. The accuracy of the model is verified with the in-situ measurements with the correlation coefficient of 0.993 9 and the average relative error of 18.49%. The distribution of chlorophyll a concentration retrieved from CZI is nearly the same as that of MODIS. The chlorophyll a concentration decreases gradually from northwest to southeast and the peak value locates on the west bank of the Zhujiang River Estuary. The inversion of chlorophyll a concentration in Changjiang River Estuary and Bohai Bay accords with the actual situation. The work in this study indicates that HY-1C satellite coastal zone imager data are useful for the monitoring of coastal ocean color in China.

HY-1C satellite  /  coastal zone imager  /  chlorophyll a concentration  /  Zhujiang River Estuary
滕越, 邹斌, 叶小敏. HY-1C卫星海岸带成像仪叶绿素a浓度反演研究. 海洋学报, 2022 , 44 (5) : 25 -34 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2022052
Yue Teng, Bin Zou, Xiaomin Ye. Study on the chlorophyll a concentration retrieved from HY-1C satellite coastal zone imager data[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2022 , 44 (5) : 25 -34 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2022052
水体中的叶绿素浓度是影响水色变化的重要因素,其测量值是水体中浮游生物丰度和生物量的一个重要指标,它从根本上反映了水体初级生产力的变化。叶绿素a是藻类植物中最丰富的色素,是水质遥感监测中最重要的参数之一[1]。因此,测量并分析水中的叶绿素a浓度变化,尤其是人口密集的近岸、河口区域,对于维持水体生态平衡,评价水体的污染状况起着重要作用[2]。传统的叶绿素a浓度测定包括分光光度法、荧光光度法、高效液相色谱(HPLC)法等[3],但是其分析速度慢,消耗大量人力、物力。卫星遥感以其大尺度、高分辨率、实时监测等优点越来越多地用于海洋监测中。应用卫星遥感监测水体的叶绿素a浓度有利于快速、大面积了解水质状况[4]
2018年9月7日,中国海洋一号C(HY-1C)卫星发射成功,现在轨运行,其上搭载了海岸带成像仪(Coastal Zone Imager, CZI)、海洋水色水温扫描仪(China Ocean Color & Temperature Scanner, COCTS)等载荷,可用于全球叶绿素浓度、海水光学特性、海表温度、海洋初级生产力等要素观测。CZI星下点分辨率为50 m,幅宽≥950 km(表1),不仅可以用于陆地观测,还可以高效观测海洋,尤其在近海、岛屿和沿岸区域,对海岸带监测及了解河口港湾叶绿素分布具有重要意义,对于赤潮、污染物等海洋环境灾害起着监测和预警作用[5-7]。Cui等[8]研究波段外响应对HY-1C卫星CZI水色反演的影响,发现在蓝、绿、红3个可见光通道中绿波段对清洁水体效应最为显著,并提出基于CZI蓝绿波段比值模型进行效应修正。Cai等[9]基于舟山海域实测水样数据建立了适用于HY-1C卫星CZI 悬浮泥沙浓度反演模型,其反演结果与现场测量有良好的一致性,并分析了岛屿对舟山近海悬浮泥沙浓度的影响。梁超等[10]采用4个光谱指数重构CZI数据,针对广西山口红树林自然保护区,通过最小噪声变换建立决策树,实现了区域红树林覆盖面积的自动提取。周屈等[11]利用HY-1C卫星CZI数据,结合实际监测数据建立了适用武汉水体浊度反演模型,分析结果表明施工建设不是影响水体浊度变化的因素。Ji等[12]将HY-1C卫星CZI与COCTS两个多光谱传感器进行图像融合,建立深度信念网络模型,以渤海海域叶绿素a浓度为指标与通过传统图像融合技术反演得到的叶绿素a浓度的分辨率和精度进行比较,表明CZI与COCTS融合图像能更精确地进行水质遥感监测。刘建强等[13]利用HY-1C卫星CZI载荷对2019年4月三亚近海海域船舶溢油事件进行监测,实现了溢油事件快速响应与修复。上述研究结果均表明HY-1C卫星CZI载荷可较好地应用于水色遥感定量化研究。
利用多光谱卫星遥感数据的叶绿素a浓度反演,具有很强的局地特性。许大志等[14]分析了适用于全球海洋叶绿素a浓度反演的OC2和OC4算法在南海北部海区的适用性,结果发现叶绿素a浓度高估范围在80%~200%之间,即不适用于南海海域,接着,根据现场实测数据,建立了本地化叶绿素a浓度经验算法,相关系数达0.75。马超飞等[15]在对黄海和东海现场实测数据的基础上,建立HY-1C卫星CCD成像仪水体叶绿素a浓度及其他水色要素反演算法,结果表明,实测值与反演值之间有很好的相关度,其在中低浊度水体有非常好的适用性。唐军武等[16]根据在黄海和东海二类水体海域调查获得的观测数据,提出了基于蓝绿波段比值法反演海表叶绿素a浓度的经验模型。丛丕福等[17]基于HY-1卫星COCTS蓝绿波段辐亮度数据结合现场实测数据构建了适用于辽东湾叶绿素a浓度反演模型,结果表明模型误差在可控范围内,可应用于获取辽东湾叶绿素a浓度。解学通等[18]基于Landsat8数据建立叶绿素a浓度反演模型,反演珠江口近岸水域叶绿素a浓度,反演得出叶绿素a浓度分布趋势与实测数据相吻合。马金峰等[19]在珠江河口水域实测数据基础上,构建了MERIS三波段模型,优于一阶微分法和标准OC4V4方法在珠江河口的适用性,显示了模型良好的应用潜力。由此可见,叶绿素a反演模型具有很强的区域性,在特定的水域使用局地性叶绿素a反演模型可提高其反演精度。
本文利用东海和南海现场实测光谱数据和叶绿素a浓度数据建立HY-1C卫星CZI叶绿素a浓度反演模型。将叶绿素a浓度模型估算值与实测值进行验证,应用模型反演实测水域叶绿素a浓度分布与MODIS 2级叶绿素a浓度产品对比,以此评价CZI在水体叶绿素a浓度监测的适用性。选取珠江口水域进行叶绿素a浓度反演分析其空间分布,应用模型在长江口、渤海湾进行叶绿素a浓度反演与前人研究结果对比评价模型的准确性。本研究可为近海水质遥感监测,水体富营养化监测提供参考。
本文选用珠江口水域作为叶绿素a浓度反演分析区域。珠江口位于南海北部,珠江干流中的西江、北江和东江以及增江、流溪河和潭江汇入珠江口,珠江口年径流量超过3.5×1011 m3[20]。珠江河口区河汊众多,水网密布,北部狭窄,南部开阔,形似倒置漏斗,通过8条放射状排列的分流水道流入南海。珠江口水系复杂,常受潮汐、径流、季风、波浪等因素影响,其动力过程也非常复杂,形成珠江径流、珠江口冲淡水(由外海水与上游淡水在河口地区相互掺混后形成)和外海水团等不同性质的水团[20-21]。河口区多陆屿和岛屿,珠江口东部水域多分布航道和港口,以香港港和广州港为首,吞吐量位列世界前列[22]。珠江口所处气候为亚热带海洋性季风气候,年均气温为21.4~22.4℃,年均降水量为1 600~2 300 mm,降水集中于4−9月,流量约占全年的80%[23],夏季高温多雨,冬季温暖干燥。
本文采用HY-1C卫星在轨测试实测数据,现场获取时间从2018年9月13日至2018年10月12日。站点位置分布从东海黄大洋延伸到海南岛南部的南海海域,经纬度范围分别为14°~32°N,105°~125°E。采样点共有76个,采用随机抽签的方法,将采样点分为建模样本和检验样本,分别为50个和26个采样点,用于构建模型的区域化参数和验证模型。观测点位置信息见图1
叶绿素a浓度实测值范围为0.095 4~4.541 8 mg/m3,平均值为0.595 8 mg/m3。利用建模样本50个采样点的遥感反射率与叶绿素a浓度建立叶绿素a浓度的反演模型,模型形式采用HY-1C卫星标准数据产品反演公式。利用实测数据对该模型系数进行最小二乘法拟合,得到HY-1C卫星CZI叶绿素a浓度反演模型为
$ C={10}^{{a}_{0}+{a}_{1}{{X}_{1}}^{2}+{a}_{2}{{X}_{2}}^{0.5}} \text{,} $
$ {X}_{1}=\frac{{R}_{{\rm{rs}}}\left({\lambda }_{3}\right)}{{R}_{{\rm{rs}}}\left({\lambda }_{2}\right)} \text{,} {X}_{2}=\frac{{R}_{{\rm{rs}}}\left({\lambda }_{2}\right)}{{R}_{{\rm{rs}}}\left({\lambda }_{1}\right)}, $
式中,C为叶绿素a浓度;a0a1a2为模型参数,a0=−1.653,a1=0.131,a2=1.668;λ1λ2λ3分别为CZI第一、第二、第三波段的波长;Rrs为遥感反射率。由该模型估算的叶绿素a浓度与建模样本50个点的实测叶绿素a浓度关系如图2a所示,两者间的相关系数为0.774 3,平均相对误差(Mean Relative Error, MRE)为24.58%。利用检验样本对模型进行精度验证,模型估算叶绿素a浓度与检验样本26个点的实测叶绿素a浓度关系如图2b所示,相关系数达到了0.993 9,MRE为18.49%,模型估算值和实测值具有很强的相关性。通常来说,建模组评价指标的评价结果要优于检验组评价指标的检验结果,本文出现检验组评价指标结果优于建模组的情况,可能是由于建模样本和检验样本为随机选取,恰巧存在了检验样本评价指标结果高于建模样本。从图2可以发现,当叶绿素a浓度偏低时,模型估算精度稍高于叶绿素a浓度偏高时。由此,建立的CZI模型应用于水体叶绿素a浓度反演中具有可行性。
本文所用HY-1C卫星CZI数据获取于2019年9月26日至2020年12月4日,选取覆盖海面云量稀少、成像清晰的数据,易于进行叶绿素a浓度反演。使用的卫星数据包括L1B和L2A级数据,L1B数据为各波段天顶辐亮度,L2A为经过大气校正后的遥感反射率。所用卫星数据均从我国海洋卫星数据分发系统获得(https://osdds.nsoas.org.cn/)。所用遥感数据信息见表2
表2中序号1~7的L1B级 RGB图像如图3图4所示。由真彩色图像可以看出本文所用CZI研究区数据受云影响有少许缺失,珠江口水域2020年1月30日的1景影像受云影响相对最小,其他影像水体均有小块片状或条带状云分布,由于3−9月珠江口水域CZI影像空白较多,数据缺失严重,因此3−9月的珠江口水域CZI数据本文暂不涉及。
海南岛环岛水域影像采集范围为16°~22°N,105°~113°E。图5a为应用CZI反演模型对海南岛环岛水域进行叶绿素a浓度反演结果与空间分布,同时将实测站点叶绿素a浓度在空间分布图上相应经纬度位置进行了呈现,站点颜色代表实测点的叶绿素a浓度。选取的海南岛CZI遥感影像成像时间处于现场实测数据相同季节内,由于2018年实测数据观测时间范围内受天气条件限制,无法获得该地区的晴空遥感数据,因此选用两者观测时间相差1年,但在相同季节内遥感影像与实测数据进行比较。由图5a可见,实测站点叶绿素a浓度与CZI模型反演叶绿素a浓度值接近,由此验证了模型的反演精度。利用2019年9月26日Terra卫星MODIS传感器的叶绿素a浓度产品进行对比。其叶绿素a浓度数据为美国航空航天局NASA制作的2级产品,时间分辨率为1 d,空间分辨率为1 km,其下载地址为https://oceandata.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/。MODIS叶绿素a浓度产品分布见图5b。比较两幅叶绿素a浓度空间分布图可以看出, CZI反演结果在海南岛沿岸水域和北部湾沿岸及南海水域的叶绿素a浓度分布规律和MODIS反演的叶绿素a浓度分布基本一致,其中海南岛西南沿岸叶绿素a浓度均为2.3 mg/m3;三亚往南海域叶绿素a浓度均为1 mg/m3;广西防城港、北海沿岸叶绿素a浓度均在5 mg/m3以上,逐渐向远离岸边方向扩散至低浓度;琼州海峡叶绿素a浓度约为1.7 mg/m3;南海叶绿素a浓度约为1 mg/m3或以下。在越南河静省、越南广平省沿岸向东水域和雷州半岛两侧沿岸水域两个传感器反演的叶绿素a浓度分布差异偏大,且呈现相反的趋势,这可能是由于MODIS叶绿素a浓度产品所基于的算法[24]主要针对叶绿素a浓度不大于0.25 mg/m3的全球海表面叶绿素a浓度估算,不完全适用于中国沿岸水体。同时由于CZI较高的空间分辨率,CZI叶绿素a浓度反演结果是由表2中序号1、2两景数据镶嵌而成,序号2的CZI数据云覆盖面积较广,大气校正和太阳耀斑处理还需交叉验证。
珠江口地区经济发达,人口密集,强烈的人类活动引起了近岸水域生物种类减少,水体富营养化加剧,赤潮、缺氧等海洋生态灾害发生。加之粤港澳大湾区城市群的快速发展,沿岸区域面临着海岸线退化、湿地面积缩减、生物多样性水平降低、渔业资源减少、海洋污染加剧等诸多问题[25],因此,监测珠江口水域叶绿素a浓度及变化,对促进珠江口水域生态恢复及可持续发展尤为重要和迫切。
应用CZI反演模型对表2中的珠江口水域5景数据进行叶绿素a浓度反演计算,所得结果见图6。珠江口水域影像采集范围为21°39′~22°48′N,113°17′~114°16′E。图6a呈现的2020年1月30日珠江口水域叶绿素a浓度空间上整体从西到东由高到低扩散式分布。高值区(大于5 mg/m3)分布在珠海和澳门沿岸、淇澳岛南侧,呈条带状分布,向东南扩散至南海,浓度逐渐降低至低值(小于1 mg/m3),扩散距离不等;向东南水域方向有过渡的片状中高值(3~5 mg/m3)分布,再向东扩散至中值(2~3 mg/m3)。中低值(1~2 mg/m3)分布于虎门、伶仃洋中部水域、深圳湾中部水域、香港离岛区环岛沿岸以及磨刀门水道。低值大面积分布在珠江口南侧,南海海域。
2020年2月26日珠江口水域叶绿素a浓度整体分布西侧沿岸高于东侧沿岸。高值区主要分布在珠海沿岸、淇澳岛东南水域,呈大范围片状分布。香港大浦区西沿岸赤门四周、虎门沿岸水域叶绿素a浓度为中高值,条带状分布呈西北−东南走向;伶仃洋西部水域及内伶仃洋岛东南沿岸水域叶绿素a浓度为中高值;九洲尾附近水域沿港珠澳大桥为中高值分布;对沙角向北、交杯岛向南海域叶绿素a浓度为中高值,向南海逐渐扩散至中值、中低值、低值。中值分布在磨刀门水道、伶仃洋中部水域、龙鼓水道。西孖洲西南水域、深圳屯门西沿岸、屯门南沿岸龙鼓水道和西/东博寮海峡叶绿素a浓度为中低值,呈不规则片状分布。香港岛东部、南部水域及南海呈低值分布。叶绿素a浓度由珠江口沿岸向南海扩散,扩散距离不等。
2020年10月11日珠江口水域叶绿素a浓度整体由西侧高值向东侧低值过渡。高值出现在淇澳岛周围,珠海、澳门东沿岸,对沙角向南。中高值出现在淇澳岛向北、伶仃洋西侧、磨刀门水道,虎门和深圳湾有零星分布。中值出现在西岸向外扩散区域,呈长条带状分布,此外虎门北部也有零星分布。中低值分布在伶仃洋中部及其向南延伸水域、赤门和沙头角海。低值分布在香港南沿岸海域、南海海域。
2020年11月22日珠江口水域叶绿素a浓度整体相对中等。个别小范围高值分布在淇澳岛西北方向水域、香港大埔区东沿岸和对沙角北部水域,在南海海域中也有零星分布。山尾南部南海海域叶绿素a浓度呈现高−中高−中−中低−低聚散式分布。珠海市东沿岸,横琴岛南沿岸水域,对沙角南侧、交杯岛北侧水域呈中高值分布,这些区域向东或向南扩散至中值浓度。中值还分布在伶仃洋西部海域,深圳湾,澳门东沿岸、港珠澳大桥南侧水域,珠海金湾区南侧。虎门呈中低值条带状分布,龙鼓水道、香港离岛区沿岛水域呈中低值分布。低值分布在香港东侧蓝塘海峡及南海。
2020年12月22日珠江口水域叶绿素a浓度整体偏低。中值分布在淇澳岛西北侧,向东向低值扩散,中值在珠江三角洲沿岸呈宽条带东北−西南走向。中低值出现在虎门、伶仃洋东部、深圳湾、横州东侧水域、磨刀门水道及西侧水域。其余水域叶绿素a浓度为低值分布。
由此可见,珠江口水域叶绿素a浓度在2020年1月、2月、10月、11月、12月有大体一致的分布趋势。叶绿素a浓度空间分布高值出现在珠江三角洲西沿岸。从空间分布来看,1月、10月、12月叶绿素a浓度高值呈条带状分布在珠海和澳门沿岸;2月、11月叶绿素a浓度高值呈片状分布在珠海沿岸。以叶绿素a浓度高值为聚集点向东向南逐渐向低值过渡。由于珠江口独特的倒漏斗形状,接收北面珠江输入和西面众多的中、小河流输入,加之受径流、潮流、波浪、沿岸流和陆架环流等影响,珠江口水域水团运移规律非常复杂[20]。再考虑科氏力的影响,使得珠江口水域叶绿素a浓度分布不仅南北向,而且东西向也呈现出明显的梯度。
为探究CZI叶绿素a浓度反演模型在中国近海的适用性,选取长江口及其邻近水域、渤海湾CZI数据进行叶绿素a浓度反演计算,结果如图7图8所示。洪官林[26]通过对长江口水域水质状况的调查,发现长江口叶绿素a浓度变化范围为0.01~16.00 mg/m3图7所示的长江口CZI反演叶绿素a浓度范围和洪官林[26]的结果保持了较好的一致性。
图8中渤海湾CZI反演叶绿素a浓度空间分布为沿岸浓度高,离岸浓度降低,海区中部大部分地区叶绿素a浓度约为2 mg/m3,逐渐向渤海中部降低。其空间分布与姜德娟和张华[27]利用MODIS/Aqua二级产品获得的渤海湾叶绿素a浓度有很好的统一性。
以上珠江口、长江口和渤海湾的CZI叶绿素a浓度反演示例均显示,CZI在中国近岸海域可较好地实现高空间分辨率的水色反演并呈现其空间分布。
本文反演获得叶绿素a浓度在珠江口水域呈现自西北向东南趋于降低的空间分布,其中2月叶绿素a浓度整体较高,10月整体浓度低于2月,12月整体叶绿素a浓度较低。对比以往有关珠江口叶绿素a浓度的研究[18, 28]可以发现,不同研究中均有相同的分布特征,符合当地水文、地理相关理论。遗憾的是,本文建立的CZI叶绿素a浓度反演模型在珠江口水域、长江口和渤海湾的反演结果未有当地现场实测叶绿素a浓度数据进行对比验证,接下来需要结合现场实测叶绿素a浓度进行综合分析。
由于CZI载荷只有4波段,缺少典型水色遥感载荷的两个近红波段或短波红外波段用于大气校正,因此其大气校正精度也会为其叶绿素a浓度反演带来误差。因此,建立更精确适用的大气修正算法(如结合HY-1C卫星COCTS载荷进行大气校正),应用模型在中国近海其他水域的反演效果为下一步的研究重点。
HY-1C卫星CZI具有高时空分辨率的特点,可以实现对水色要素叶绿素a浓度的反演。本文利用东海和南海现场实测光谱数据和叶绿素a浓度数据以及HY-1C卫星CZI数据得到了以下结论:
(1)通过实测数据建立了HY-1C卫星CZI叶绿素a浓度反演模型,与建模样本实测叶绿素a浓度相关系数为0.774 3,平均相对误差为24.58%。
(2)CZI叶绿素a浓度模型在实测水域海南岛沿岸反演结果与实测站点叶绿素a浓度量级一致,其空间分布与MODIS 2级产品叶绿素a浓度对比大体具有一致性,小范围浓度偏差考虑模型的适用性和数据的准确性。
(3)应用CZI叶绿素a浓度模型在珠江口水域的反演结果表明,叶绿素 a 浓度在空间上呈现自西北向东南趋于降低的分布。模型在长江口、渤海湾的叶绿素a浓度分布也与前人研究结果相一致。本研究表明HY-1C卫星CZI具有良好的水色遥感应用价值。
致谢:本文CZI叶绿素a浓度反演模型是在自然资源部第一海洋研究所崔廷伟博士和刘荣杰博士提供的反演模型的基础上进行的系数订正,同时感谢他们在叶绿素a浓度遥感反演建模方面的帮助。
  • 民用航天技术预先研究项目(D040107)
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2022年第44卷第5期
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doi: 10.12284/hyxb2022052
  • 接收时间:2021-07-21
  • 首发时间:2026-02-01
  • 出版时间:2022-05-01
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  • 收稿日期:2021-07-21
  • 修回日期:2021-11-12
基金
民用航天技术预先研究项目(D040107)
作者信息
    1.国家海洋环境预报中心,北京 100081
    2.国家卫星海洋应用中心,北京 100081
    3.自然资源部空间海洋遥感与应用研究重点实验室,北京 100081

通讯作者:

邹斌(1969—),男,河南省信阳市人,研究员,主要从事海洋遥感应用研究。E-mail: zoubin@mail.nsoas.org.cn
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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