Article(id=1224796542855435029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1224796541123187467, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12284/hyxb2022094, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1626883200000, receivedDateStr=2021-07-22, revisedDate=1641139200000, revisedDateStr=2022-01-03, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1769943851436, onlineDateStr=2026-02-01, pubDate=1649952000000, pubDateStr=2022-04-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1769943851436, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-01, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1769943851436, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1769943851436, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1224796541123187467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2022', volume='44', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='168', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1769943851023, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1769995927739, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1225014966755934250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1224796541123187467, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1225014966755934251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1224796541123187467, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=57, endPage=64, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1224796545879528258, articleId=1224796542855435029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Study on temperature and salinity tolerance of Tapes dorsatus juveniles, columnId=1194652705852465724, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to investigate the tolerance of temperature and salinity of Tapes dorsatus juveniles, ecological methods with the laboratory controlled system was used in this study. The results showed that: (1) in the temperature tolerance test, juveniles maintained 90%−100% survival rate at the low-temperature groups (4℃, 6℃, 8℃ and 10℃) for 0 d, 2 d, 3 d and 7 d and at the high-temperature groups (33℃, 34℃, 35℃ and 36℃) for 5 d, 4 d, 1 d and 0 d, respectively; (2) under temperature stress, at the low-temperature groups, the semilethal temperatures at 48 h, 96 h, 144 h and 192 h were 5.02℃, 7.68℃, 9.01℃ and 9.20℃. And in the high-temperature groups, the semilethal temperatures at 48 h, 96 h, 144 h and 192 h were 35.44℃, 34.74℃, 34.43℃ and 34.25℃, respectively. In the salinity tolerance test, (1) juveniles maintained 90%−100% survival rate at low-salinity groups (13.0, 15.6, 18.2, 20.8 and 23.4) for 1 d, 1 d, ≥9 d, ≥9 d and ≥9 d while in the high-salinity groups (41.6, 44.2, 46.8, 49.4 and 52.0) followed by 9 d, 2 d, 1 d, 1 d and 1 d, respectively; (2) the semilethal salinity at 48 h, 96 h, 144 h and 192 h in the low-salinity groups were 14.46, 16.02, 16.76 and 16.91, while in the high-salinity groups were >52.0, 51.79, 50.58 and 48.88, respectively; (3) for survival, the suitable and the optimum salinities of T. dorsatus juveniles were 16.91−48.20 and 18.20−41.60, respectively. For growth, the suitable and the optimum salinities were 23.58−45.15 and 33.90, respectively. The results indicated that T. dorsatus juveniles had strong tolerance to high temperature and were suitable for cultivation with higher temperatures in the southern sea area. The suitable survival salinity range was wide, and the optimal growth salinity was basically the same as the offshore sea water. T. dorsatus juveniles suitable for breeding in the offshore sea water.

, correspAuthors=Zhigang Liu, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2022 Pratacultural Science. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Kexin Zhang, Chutian Cao, Zhigang Liu, Jiaying Wu, Yuan Zhang, Jianqiang Zhan, Linguang Chen), CN=ArticleExt(id=1224796549499212696, articleId=1224796542855435029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=钝缀锦蛤(Tapes dorsatus)稚贝的温度和盐度耐受性研究, columnId=1149698756456657529, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本实验在室内控制条件下,采用实验生态学方法研究了钝缀锦蛤(Tapes dorsatus)稚贝对温度和盐度的耐受性。在温度耐受性方面:(1)稚贝在低温端温度为4℃、6℃、8℃、10℃时保持90%~100%存活的时间分别为0 d、2 d、3 d、7 d;在高温端温度为33℃、34℃、35℃、36℃时保持90%~100%存活率的时间分别为5 d、4 d、1 d、0 d;(2)在温度胁迫条件下,钝缀锦蛤在48 h、96 h、144 h和192 h的半致死温度在低温端分别为5.02℃、7.68℃、9.01℃和9.20℃;高温端分别为35.44℃、34.74℃、34.43℃和34.25℃。在盐度耐受性方面:(1)在低盐端盐度为13.0、15.6、18.2、20.8、23.4时保持90%~100%存活率的时间分别为1 d、1 d、≥9 d、≥9 d、≥9 d;在高盐端盐度为41.6、44.2、46.8、49.4、52.0时保持90%~100%存活率的时间分别为9 d、2 d、1 d、1 d、1 d;(2)钝缀锦蛤稚贝在48 h、96 h、144 h和192 h的半致死盐度,低盐端分别为14.46、16.02、16.76、16.91;高盐端分别为>52.0、51.79、50.58、48.88;(3)存活的适宜盐度为16.91~48.20,最适盐度为18.20~41.60;生长的适宜盐度为23.58~45.15,最适盐度为33.90。本实验结果表明,钝缀锦蛤稚贝对高温的耐受性较强,适合在南方温度较高的海域养殖;其适宜生存盐度范围较广,最适生长盐度与外海海水盐度基本相同,适合外海养殖。

, correspAuthors=刘志刚, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
刘志刚,教授,主要从事贝类遗传育种与增养殖的研究。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《海洋学报》编辑部 2022, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=1i2UYwi1OytBfKruCE6qkA==, magXml=HArQD4AQUbowrwmlPPy7oA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=7CWvuLFjt0ggkLbliYezyQ==, pdfFileSize=989278, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=lZNjnm9Q38ucHVAPynuGFQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=9YoetjAtlijdT1/glXiNeQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

张柯馨(1998-),女,河南省安阳市人,主要从事贝类遗传育种与增养殖的研究。E-mail:

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张柯馨(1998-),女,河南省安阳市人,主要从事贝类遗传育种与增养殖的研究。E-mail:

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Different superscript lowercase letters indicate significant differences between groups (p<0.05)

, figureFileSmall=4h/f5OkNoZkHGRhsiqTjAA==, figureFileBig=nlcFBS/HpdV5jkuD5cahHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225366198892806809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224796542855435029, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同盐度下钝缀锦蛤稚贝的存活率

上标不同小写字母表示各组之间差异显著(p<0.05)

, figureFileSmall=4h/f5OkNoZkHGRhsiqTjAA==, figureFileBig=nlcFBS/HpdV5jkuD5cahHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225366198980887195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224796542855435029, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Daily growth rate changed with salinity for fresh weight of Tapes dorsatus juveniles

Different superscript lowercase letters indicate significant differences between groups (p<0.05)

, figureFileSmall=ItXuDVGkQs1rm5Ltxm90Mg==, figureFileBig=V7YNRI8APbYNExDIW1FVRw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225366199064773279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224796542855435029, language=CN, label=图3, caption=钝缀锦蛤稚贝随盐度变化的鲜重日增长率

上标不同小写字母表示各组之间差异显著(p<0.05)

, figureFileSmall=ItXuDVGkQs1rm5Ltxm90Mg==, figureFileBig=V7YNRI8APbYNExDIW1FVRw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225366199127687843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224796542855435029, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Daily growth rate changed with salinity for shell legnth and shell height of Tapes dorsatus juveniles

Different superscript lowercase letters indicate significant differences between groups (p<0.05)

, figureFileSmall=qo5AOqocSm+mFNMIBI8AcA==, figureFileBig=CyA2mYa8+b9DMFB2M4oCUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225366199282877097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224796542855435029, language=CN, label=图4, caption=钝缀锦蛤稚贝随盐度变化的壳长、壳高日增长率

上标不同小写字母表示各组之间差异显著(p<0.05)

, figureFileSmall=qo5AOqocSm+mFNMIBI8AcA==, figureFileBig=CyA2mYa8+b9DMFB2M4oCUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225366199354180270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224796542855435029, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Relative survival rate of Tapes dorsatus juveniles at different temperatures for 48 h, 96 h, 144 h and 192 h

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
温度/℃相对存活率/%
48 h96 h144 h192 h
  注:上标不同小写字母表示各组之间差异显著(p<0.05)。
40±0c0±0c0±0c0±0d
697.78±3.85a19.08±3.69bc0±0c0±0d
898.89±1.92a57.76±6.34b0±0c0±0d
10100.00±0a98.89±1.92a97.78±1.92a84.37±5.82b
26(对照)100.00±0a100.00±0a100.00±0a100.00±0a
3398.89±1.92a97.74±1.96a87.6±25.15b71.84±5.72bc
3498.89±1.92a91.00±2.03a83.2±25.58b67.51±7.96c
3589.89±3.34b32.68±9.04b6.78±3.51C0±0d
360±0c0±0c0±0c0±0d
), ArticleFig(id=1225366199471620786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224796542855435029, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

钝缀锦蛤稚贝在不同温度48 h、96 h、144 h和192 h下的相对存活率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
温度/℃相对存活率/%
48 h96 h144 h192 h
  注:上标不同小写字母表示各组之间差异显著(p<0.05)。
40±0c0±0c0±0c0±0d
697.78±3.85a19.08±3.69bc0±0c0±0d
898.89±1.92a57.76±6.34b0±0c0±0d
10100.00±0a98.89±1.92a97.78±1.92a84.37±5.82b
26(对照)100.00±0a100.00±0a100.00±0a100.00±0a
3398.89±1.92a97.74±1.96a87.6±25.15b71.84±5.72bc
3498.89±1.92a91.00±2.03a83.2±25.58b67.51±7.96c
3589.89±3.34b32.68±9.04b6.78±3.51C0±0d
360±0c0±0c0±0c0±0d
), ArticleFig(id=1225366199597449915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224796542855435029, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Relative survival rate of juveniles Tapes dorsatus at different salinities for 48 h, 96 h, 144 h and 192 h

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
盐度相对存活率/%
48 h96 h144 h192 h
  注:上标不同小写字母表示各组之间差异显著(p<0.05)。
13.010.00±8.82d0±0e0±0e0±0e
15.682.22±10.72c40.00±8.82d12.22±3.85e3.33±1.92e
18.298.89±1.92a97.78±1.92a96.67±3.33a95.56±1.96a
20.898.89±1.92a97.78±1.92a97.78±1.92a96.67±0a
23.498.89±1.92a96.67±3.34ab95.56±1.92a94.44±1.92a
26.0100.00±0a98.89±1.92a98.89±1.92a96.67±3.33a
28.6100.00±0a100.00±0a98.89±1.92a97.78±1.92a
31.2100.00±0a100.00±0a100.00±0a100.00±0a
32.6(对照)100.00±0a100.00±0a100.00±0a100.00±0a
33.8100.00±0a98.89±1.92a98.89±1.92a97.78±3.85a
36.498.89±1.92a97.78±1.92a97.78±1.92a97.78±1.92a
39.096.67±0ab94.44±1.93ab92.22±1.92ab92.22±1.92a
41.6100.00±0a100.00±0a96.67±0a91.11±1.92a
44.292.22±3.85abc80.00±3.33b80.00±3.33b76.67±0b
46.883.33±3.34c66.67±10.00c65.56±8.38c64.44±10.18b
49.485.56±5.09bc62.22±10.72c54.44±8.39c45.56±6.94c
52.083.33±3.34c42.22±6.94d37.78±10.72d17.78±8.39d
), ArticleFig(id=1225366199698113211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224796542855435029, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

钝缀锦蛤稚贝在不同盐度48 h、96 h、144 h和192 h下的相对存活率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
盐度相对存活率/%
48 h96 h144 h192 h
  注:上标不同小写字母表示各组之间差异显著(p<0.05)。
13.010.00±8.82d0±0e0±0e0±0e
15.682.22±10.72c40.00±8.82d12.22±3.85e3.33±1.92e
18.298.89±1.92a97.78±1.92a96.67±3.33a95.56±1.96a
20.898.89±1.92a97.78±1.92a97.78±1.92a96.67±0a
23.498.89±1.92a96.67±3.34ab95.56±1.92a94.44±1.92a
26.0100.00±0a98.89±1.92a98.89±1.92a96.67±3.33a
28.6100.00±0a100.00±0a98.89±1.92a97.78±1.92a
31.2100.00±0a100.00±0a100.00±0a100.00±0a
32.6(对照)100.00±0a100.00±0a100.00±0a100.00±0a
33.8100.00±0a98.89±1.92a98.89±1.92a97.78±3.85a
36.498.89±1.92a97.78±1.92a97.78±1.92a97.78±1.92a
39.096.67±0ab94.44±1.93ab92.22±1.92ab92.22±1.92a
41.6100.00±0a100.00±0a96.67±0a91.11±1.92a
44.292.22±3.85abc80.00±3.33b80.00±3.33b76.67±0b
46.883.33±3.34c66.67±10.00c65.56±8.38c64.44±10.18b
49.485.56±5.09bc62.22±10.72c54.44±8.39c45.56±6.94c
52.083.33±3.34c42.22±6.94d37.78±10.72d17.78±8.39d
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钝缀锦蛤(Tapes dorsatus)稚贝的温度和盐度耐受性研究
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张柯馨 1 , 曹楚畑 1 , 刘志刚 1, 2, * , 吴加莹 1 , 张元 1 , 展建强 1 , 陈麟广 1
海洋学报 | 论文 2022,44(4): 57-64
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海洋学报 | 论文 2022, 44(4): 57-64
钝缀锦蛤(Tapes dorsatus)稚贝的温度和盐度耐受性研究
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张柯馨1 , 曹楚畑1, 刘志刚1, 2, * , 吴加莹1, 张元1, 展建强1, 陈麟广1
作者信息
  • 1.广东海洋大学 水产学院,广东 湛江 524088
  • 2.广东省海产无脊椎动物科技创新中心,广东 湛江 524088
  • 张柯馨(1998-),女,河南省安阳市人,主要从事贝类遗传育种与增养殖的研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

刘志刚,教授,主要从事贝类遗传育种与增养殖的研究。E-mail:
Study on temperature and salinity tolerance of Tapes dorsatus juveniles
Kexin Zhang1 , Chutian Cao1, Zhigang Liu1, 2, * , Jiaying Wu1, Yuan Zhang1, Jianqiang Zhan1, Linguang Chen1
Affiliations
  • 1. College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
  • 2. Guangdong Marine Invertebrate Science and Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang 524088, China
出版时间: 2022-04-15 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2022094
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本实验在室内控制条件下,采用实验生态学方法研究了钝缀锦蛤(Tapes dorsatus)稚贝对温度和盐度的耐受性。在温度耐受性方面:(1)稚贝在低温端温度为4℃、6℃、8℃、10℃时保持90%~100%存活的时间分别为0 d、2 d、3 d、7 d;在高温端温度为33℃、34℃、35℃、36℃时保持90%~100%存活率的时间分别为5 d、4 d、1 d、0 d;(2)在温度胁迫条件下,钝缀锦蛤在48 h、96 h、144 h和192 h的半致死温度在低温端分别为5.02℃、7.68℃、9.01℃和9.20℃;高温端分别为35.44℃、34.74℃、34.43℃和34.25℃。在盐度耐受性方面:(1)在低盐端盐度为13.0、15.6、18.2、20.8、23.4时保持90%~100%存活率的时间分别为1 d、1 d、≥9 d、≥9 d、≥9 d;在高盐端盐度为41.6、44.2、46.8、49.4、52.0时保持90%~100%存活率的时间分别为9 d、2 d、1 d、1 d、1 d;(2)钝缀锦蛤稚贝在48 h、96 h、144 h和192 h的半致死盐度,低盐端分别为14.46、16.02、16.76、16.91;高盐端分别为>52.0、51.79、50.58、48.88;(3)存活的适宜盐度为16.91~48.20,最适盐度为18.20~41.60;生长的适宜盐度为23.58~45.15,最适盐度为33.90。本实验结果表明,钝缀锦蛤稚贝对高温的耐受性较强,适合在南方温度较高的海域养殖;其适宜生存盐度范围较广,最适生长盐度与外海海水盐度基本相同,适合外海养殖。

钝缀锦蛤  /  稚贝  /  温度  /  盐度  /  耐受性

In order to investigate the tolerance of temperature and salinity of Tapes dorsatus juveniles, ecological methods with the laboratory controlled system was used in this study. The results showed that: (1) in the temperature tolerance test, juveniles maintained 90%−100% survival rate at the low-temperature groups (4℃, 6℃, 8℃ and 10℃) for 0 d, 2 d, 3 d and 7 d and at the high-temperature groups (33℃, 34℃, 35℃ and 36℃) for 5 d, 4 d, 1 d and 0 d, respectively; (2) under temperature stress, at the low-temperature groups, the semilethal temperatures at 48 h, 96 h, 144 h and 192 h were 5.02℃, 7.68℃, 9.01℃ and 9.20℃. And in the high-temperature groups, the semilethal temperatures at 48 h, 96 h, 144 h and 192 h were 35.44℃, 34.74℃, 34.43℃ and 34.25℃, respectively. In the salinity tolerance test, (1) juveniles maintained 90%−100% survival rate at low-salinity groups (13.0, 15.6, 18.2, 20.8 and 23.4) for 1 d, 1 d, ≥9 d, ≥9 d and ≥9 d while in the high-salinity groups (41.6, 44.2, 46.8, 49.4 and 52.0) followed by 9 d, 2 d, 1 d, 1 d and 1 d, respectively; (2) the semilethal salinity at 48 h, 96 h, 144 h and 192 h in the low-salinity groups were 14.46, 16.02, 16.76 and 16.91, while in the high-salinity groups were >52.0, 51.79, 50.58 and 48.88, respectively; (3) for survival, the suitable and the optimum salinities of T. dorsatus juveniles were 16.91−48.20 and 18.20−41.60, respectively. For growth, the suitable and the optimum salinities were 23.58−45.15 and 33.90, respectively. The results indicated that T. dorsatus juveniles had strong tolerance to high temperature and were suitable for cultivation with higher temperatures in the southern sea area. The suitable survival salinity range was wide, and the optimal growth salinity was basically the same as the offshore sea water. T. dorsatus juveniles suitable for breeding in the offshore sea water.

Tapes dorsatus  /  juveniles  /  temperature  /  salinity  /  tolerance
张柯馨, 曹楚畑, 刘志刚, 吴加莹, 张元, 展建强, 陈麟广. 钝缀锦蛤(Tapes dorsatus)稚贝的温度和盐度耐受性研究. 海洋学报, 2022 , 44 (4) : 57 -64 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2022094
Kexin Zhang, Chutian Cao, Zhigang Liu, Jiaying Wu, Yuan Zhang, Jianqiang Zhan, Linguang Chen. Study on temperature and salinity tolerance of Tapes dorsatus juveniles[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2022 , 44 (4) : 57 -64 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2022094
钝缀锦蛤(Tapes dorsatus)俗称沙包螺,属软体动物门(Mollusca),瓣鳃纲(Lamellibranchia),帘蛤目(Veneroida),帘蛤科(Veneridae),缀锦蛤属(Tapes),是一种大型经济贝类,主要分布于西南太平洋热带、亚热带海区。在我国常见于东海、南海海域以及台湾岛沿岸,其中广西、广东和海南沿海地区拥有一定数量的钝缀锦蛤野生群体[1]。钝缀锦蛤主要于潮间带中、低潮区至潮下带及浅海底质表层3~15 cm的沙泥中营埋栖生活[2-5]。其具有生长快、个体大、肉质鲜美、适应性强等优点[3],经济价值高,养殖前景广阔。近年来,长期滥捕导致钝缀锦蛤的自然资源遭受严重破坏,因此对钝缀锦蛤的规模化养殖迫在眉睫。目前,有关钝缀锦蛤的人工育苗技术已取得了一定的进展,钝缀锦蛤养殖业主要集中在北部湾浅海区,国内以底播养殖为主,越南以沉筐养殖为主[5]
作为近年来新兴的海水贝类养殖品种,目前,已有学者在钝缀锦蛤的形态[3]、生态[2, 4]、繁育[5]、分子[6-9]、二倍体和三倍体养殖前景[10]等方面开展了研究,而关于环境因子如温度、盐度对钝缀锦蛤生存、生长的影响研究却少见报道。温度和盐度是影响贝类存活和生长的重要环境因子,耐盐性和最适生长盐度是选择双壳贝生长地点的重要环境标准。Nell和Paterson[11]通过钝缀锦蛤幼贝的盐度实验得出其不能在盐度小于20的条件下长期生存,因此只能在河口高盐度地区养殖;杨家林等[4]研究了温度、盐度对钝缀锦蛤滤食率与同化率的影响,结果表明,温度和盐度对钝缀锦蛤的滤食率与同化率均有显著影响,滤食率随温度及盐度升高呈先上升后下降的趋势,同化率随温度、盐度的升高而增大;文宇[12]研究了温度和盐度对钝缀锦蛤稚贝成活率和日增长率的影响,但由于其温度、盐度设置范围较小,且测量指标简单,所以无法得出精确的温度、盐度耐受范围,还需进行更深入地实验探究。因此,国内外罕见较为详细深入的关于钝缀锦蛤对温度和盐度耐受性的报道。本研究对钝缀锦蛤温度、盐度的耐受性研究将有利于深入的揭示其生态习性,可为钝缀锦蛤的生物学研究提供基础资料。本文以钝缀锦蛤稚贝为实验对象,研究室内控制条件下温度和盐度对其成活和生长的影响,以期为钝缀锦蛤的人工养殖提供参考。
2021年3月31日从湛江银浪海洋生物技术有限公司育苗场随机采集部分稚贝运回广东海洋大学贝类遗传与育种实验室暂养7 d。暂养期间海水自然温度为24~27℃,海水盐度为31~33,pH为8.0~8.2,连续充气,每天投喂浓缩湛江等鞭金藻(Isochrysis zhangjiangensis)和角毛藻(Chaetoceros mulleri)混合藻液3次,每天100%换水1次。从暂养稚贝中随机抽取60个健康、贝壳完整的稚贝,测得稚贝的平均壳长为(4.32±0.50)mm,平均壳高为(3.43±0.34)mm,平均鲜重为(16±3.2)mg。
基于预实验结果和研究对象对高、低温敏感性的差异,温度实验以2℃为梯度设置4个低温组(4~10℃),以1℃为梯度设置4个高温组(33~36℃)及1个常温对照组(26℃)。各温度组设3个重复。将暂养7 d的钝缀锦蛤健康稚贝随机分组,每组30个,分别放入装有800 mL常温常盐过滤海水的大烧杯(容积1 L)中,将烧杯置于恒温槽中水浴控温。控温精度为±0.1℃,每组温度均经过同一只经校准的温度计严格校正。各实验组水温由暂养期间自然海水温度(24~27℃)按±1℃/(4 h)的速率调温达到各个预设温度后开始实验,以防止温度剧变对稚贝造成生理伤害。
实验期间持续微充气使水中溶氧(DO)浓度大于5 mg/L,浓缩金藻和角毛藻按体积1∶1混合投喂,保证水中饵料充足且不产生明显假粪,投饵前饵料须经等温处理。每组每天等温换水1/2,实验过程及时拣去死亡稚贝,吸除污物以防止水质污染,并做好稚贝死亡时间和数量记录,死亡标准为贝壳开口,且经反复刺激不能闭壳。实验在室内自然光照下完成,实验期间自然海水盐度为32.0~33.0,pH为8.0~8.2。温度实验仅统计存活率,实验共进行16 d。
盐度实验以2.6为梯度共设置16个盐度组(13.0~52.0)和1个对照组(32.6),实验盐度范围依照预实验结果和前人相关研究[12]设计,各盐度组设3次重复。将暂养7 d的钝缀锦蛤健康稚贝随机分组,每组30个,分别放入装有800 mL常温过滤海水的大烧杯(容积1 L)中进行实验。盐度使用光学盐度计(型号LH-Y100)测定,盐度计在使用前均经过严格校正。通过向各实验组添加海水晶溶液或过滤曝气淡水,按±2.6/(4 h)的速率调节盐度至预设盐度后开始实验。
实验期间持续微充气,投饵方案同2.2.1节,投饵前需先消除饵料的盐度差。每组每天按50%比例换水,实验期间及时捞出死亡稚贝,并做好稚贝死亡时间和数量记录。实验在室内完成,自然光照,通过空调控温使水温保持在25~27℃,pH为8.0~8.2。实验结束时测量剩余所有稚贝的壳长、壳高和鲜重,盐度实验共进行9 d。
存活率(RS,%)和相对存活率(P,%)计算公式为
$ R_{\rm{S}}=({{实验结束存活数/实验开始总数}})\times 100{\text{%}}, $
$ P=({{实验组存活率/对照组存活率}})\times 100{\text{%}}. $
增长率的计算公式分别为
$ R_{\rm{W}}=(W_1-W_0)/t, $
$ R_{\rm{L}}=(L_1-L_0)/t, $
$ R_{\rm{H}}=(H_1-H_0)/t, $
式中,RW为鲜重增长率(单位:mg/d);RL为壳长增长率(单位:mm/d);RH为壳高增长率(单位:mm/d);W1(单位:mg)、L1(单位:mm)、H1(单位:mm)分别为实验结束时稚贝的鲜重、壳长、壳高;W0(单位:mg)、L0(单位:mm)、H0(单位:mm)分别为实验开始时稚贝的鲜重、壳长、壳高;t(单位:d)为实验时间。壳长、壳高的测量使用游标卡尺,鲜重的测量使用电子秤(精确度为0.01 g),测量时用滤纸吸干贝壳表面水分。
根据实验结果,计算钝缀锦蛤稚贝在48 h、96 h、144 h和192 h时间节点的半致死温(盐)度。半致死温(盐)度的界定:考察时间内使50%稚贝致死的温(盐)度(LT50%LS50%)),采用两点法[13]计算,公式为
$ LT_{50\text{%}}=T_1+[(P_1-50\text{%})/(P_1-P_2)]\times(T_2-T_1), $
$ LS_{50\text{%}}=S_1+[(P_1-50\text{%})/(P_1-P_2)]\times (S_2-S_1), $
式中,T1T2分别为稚贝存活率接近50%时的高低端温度;S1S2分别为存活率接近50%的高、低端盐度;P1P2为相应的相对存活率。
适宜生存盐度:以实验周期内钝缀锦蛤稚贝仍有50%存活的盐度作为生存临界盐度,高、低两端生存临界盐度之间的盐度范围作为该贝类的适宜生存盐度。临界盐度的计算采用两点法,公式同式(7)。
较适宜生存盐度:以实验周期内稚贝仍有70%存活的盐度作为临界盐度,将高、低两端临界盐度之间的盐度范围作为该贝的较适宜生存范围,其求法参考适宜生存盐度。最适生存盐度:采用Duncan法对各实验组稚贝的存活率进行多重比较,将没有显著性差异(p>0.05)的最优几个组对应的盐度范围或与其他组有显著性差异(p<0.05)的1个最优组的盐度作为稚贝最适生存盐度[14]
适宜生长盐度:以实验周期内不同盐度组的稚贝鲜重、壳长、壳高的增长率为最优组增长率的30%所对应的盐度作为稚贝鲜重、壳长、壳高的临界增长盐度[15],将高、低增长临界盐度之间的范围作为稚贝鲜重、壳长、壳高的适宜生长盐度范围。将上述3个指标的适宜生长盐度范围的重叠部分作为稚贝的适宜生长盐度。较适宜生长盐度:以实验周期不同盐度组的稚贝鲜重、壳长、壳高增长率为最优组增长率的70%所对应的盐度作为稚贝鲜重、壳长、壳高较适宜增长的临界盐度,把高、低较适宜增长临界盐度之间的范围作为鲜重、壳长、壳高的较适宜生长盐度范围,将上述3个指标的较适宜生长盐度范围的重叠部分作为稚贝的较适宜生长盐度。最适宜生长盐度:将鲜重、壳长、壳高增长率没有显著性差异(p>0.05)的最优几个组对应的盐度范围或是与其他组有显著性差异(p<0.05)的1个最优组的盐度作为鲜重、壳长、壳高的最适增长盐度,将上述3个指标对应盐度的重叠部分作为稚贝的最适生长盐度[13-15]
实验数据采用平均值(M)±标准差(SD)表示。使用SPSS统计软件对数据进行单因素方差分析(ANOVA),采用Duncan法多重比较来检验处理间的差异显著性。
不同温度下钝缀锦蛤稚贝的相对存活率见图1a。温度为4℃时,稚贝在1 d内全部死亡;温度为6℃和8℃时,稚贝在第2天开始出现死亡;温度为10℃时,稚贝在第7天开始出现明显死亡,6℃、8℃和10℃稚贝全部死亡耗时分别为5 d、6 d和14 d。由图1b可见,温度为33℃时,稚贝在第5天开始出现明显死亡,第15天开始不再出现死亡,保持存活率为16.67%。温度为34℃时稚贝在第3天开始出现死亡,第13天全部死亡。温度为35℃时,稚贝在第4天死亡过半,第7天全部死亡。温度为36℃时,稚贝在2 d内全部死亡。通过Duncan法多重比较发现各个温度的稚贝存活率均有显著差异(p<0.05)。
稚贝在不同温度48 h、96 h、144 h和192 h下的相对存活率见表1。方差分析显示,温度对稚贝的存活影响极显著(p<0.01)。根据表1,以48 h、96 h、144 h和192 h作为考察时间,采用两点法,求得48 h稚贝的半致死低、高温分别为(5.02±0.04)℃和(35.44±0.02)℃;96 h稚贝的半致死低、高温分别为(7.68±0.45)℃和(34.74±0.11)℃;144 h稚贝的半致死低、高温分别为(9.01±0.02)℃和(34.43±0.06)℃;192 h稚贝的半致死低、高温分别为(9.20±0.15)℃和(34.25±0.09)℃。
稚贝在不同盐度48 h、96 h、144 h和192 h下的相对存活率见表2。方差分析显示在48 h、96 h、144 h和192 h时间节点,不同盐度对钝缀锦蛤稚贝的存活产生了显著影响(p<0.05)。根据两点法计算,48 h时钝缀锦蛤稚贝的半致死低盐为(14.46±0.20),半致死高盐大于52.0;96 h时稚贝的半致死低盐为(16.02±0.32),半致死高盐为(51.79±0.98);144 h时稚贝的半致死低盐为(16.76±0.08),半致死高盐为(50.58±1.56);192 h时稚贝的半致死低盐为(16.91±0.07),半致死高盐为(48.88±1.20)。
实验周期结束时不同盐度下稚贝的存活率见图2。根据适宜生存盐度和较适宜生存盐度的界定,通过二点法可知钝缀锦蛤稚贝生存的适宜盐度为16.91~48.2,较适盐度为17.41~45.75。盐度在18.20~41.60范围内的各盐度组存活率均在90.00%及以上,Duncan法多重比较发现,盐度在18.20~41.60范围的各盐度组的存活率差异不显著(p>0.05),但与13.0、15.6盐度组以及44.2~52.0各盐度组相比差异显著(p<0.05)。根据最适生存盐度的界定,可知盐度18.20~41.60是钝缀锦蛤稚贝的盐度最适生存盐度范围。
图3图4可见,当盐度为33.80时,稚贝的鲜重、壳长、壳高日增长率均达到最大值,分别为1.055 mg/d、0.094 mm/d和0.081 mm/d。根据稚贝生长的适宜、较适宜和最适宜盐度的界定,求得鲜重增长的适宜盐度为21.31~48.86,较适宜盐度为27.99~37.77,最适盐度为33.80;壳长增长的适宜盐度为23.58~46.24,较适宜盐度28.57~38.13,最适宜盐度为33.80~36.40;壳高增长的适宜盐度为23.41~45.15,较适宜盐度为29.40~38.00,最适宜盐度为33.80~36.40。综合上述指标可知,钝缀锦蛤稚贝生长的适宜盐度为23.58~45.15,较适宜盐度为29.40~37.77,最适宜盐度为33.80。
温度和盐度是海水贝类养殖中的重要环境因素[13-15],对贝类生长的影响非常明显[16-18],贝类往往随着外界环境变化做出生理补偿性反应,生长、滤食率与温度、盐度呈明显相关性[19-21]。当温度或盐度中的其中一个因素控制在合适范围,通过单因子实验能反映出另一因素对贝类的影响[22-23]。贝类对温度、盐度的耐受性与种类的遗传性、生理状态有关,与个体大小关系不明显[24]
本研究结果表明,在实验过程中,稚贝虽然在温度低于10℃时或温度高于33℃时能短暂存活,但最终全部死亡。推测其主要原因可能与其他贝类相似,温度在很大程度上控制着贝类的代谢过程[25],如过滤、清除和摄食率等,受低温胁迫稚贝的鳃丝纤毛摆动频率和强度下降,最终因摄食能力不足,营养不能满足自身生理需求而死亡[25-28];而高温胁迫下,稚贝体内的淀粉酶失去活性,稚贝食欲下降,消化功能逐渐衰退[29]。此外,在高温刺激下,稚贝体内会产生剧烈的氧化应激反应,产生大量活性氧自由基,损伤贝类机体细胞,造成稚贝抗病能力下降[30-32],增加了稚贝死亡的可能性。实验结束时,高温组稚贝的相对存活率高于低温组,且192 h时的半致死高、低温分别为(34.25±0.09)℃和(9.20±0.15)℃,说明该贝类对高温的耐受性较强,与硬壳蛤(Mercenaria mercenaria[33]、皱肋文蛤(Meretrix lyrata[24]等耐高温种类相似,适合在南方温度较高的海域养殖。本实验结果显示,钝缀锦蛤稚贝对10℃低温仍具有较高耐受力,8 d存活率仍达到84.37%。文宇[12]的研究表明,壳长为(5.24±0.12)mm的钝缀锦蛤稚贝在12℃低温下生长30 d的存活率为53.3%,两者有一定的相似性;本实验钝缀锦蛤稚贝对34℃以上高温的耐受情况与文宇[12]报道的结果基本一致。
实验结果显示,钝缀锦蛤稚贝生存的适宜盐度和较适宜盐度分别为16.91~48.2和17.41~45.75,表明该贝类属于广盐性种类。钝缀锦蛤稚贝的最适生存盐度为18.20~41.60,与硬壳蛤[33]的适宜盐度18~42基本一致,比皱肋文蛤[24](11~31)、织锦巴非蛤(Paphia textzle[34](26.0~27.3)、毛蚶(Scapharca subcrenata[35](23~33)最适生存盐度范围更为宽广,有利于大规模推广养殖。在18.2~26.0低盐端和39.0~44.2高盐端钝缀锦蛤稚贝虽可保持90%以上存活,但其壳长、壳高和鲜重的生长明显受到抑制,这可能与盐度过高或过低会降低无脊椎动物的摄食率和同化率有关[36]。本研究证实钝缀锦蛤稚贝对盐度具有一定的耐受性,实验结束时低盐端的13.0、15.6盐度组几乎全部死亡,高盐端盐度组还保持一定比例的存活,表明该贝类对高盐耐受性要强于对低盐的耐受性,同黄洋等[2]、文宇[12]的研究相一致。当低盐端盐度从18.2下降至15.6,随着时间的推移,钝缀锦蛤稚贝的存活率发生断崖式下降,而高盐端各组的存活率则是逐渐下降,表明该贝类对低盐的敏感度高于对高盐的敏感度。钝缀锦蛤稚贝最适生存盐度为18.20~41.60,但生长的较适盐度为29.40~37.77,最适盐度为33.80,说明生长的最适盐度偏狭窄,与生存盐度相比偏高盐端,其最适盐度与外海海水基本相同,更适合外海养殖。
本实验以壳长3~5 mm的钝缀锦蛤稚贝作为研究材料,采用单因素研究设计,分别探究了钝缀锦蛤稚贝对温度和盐度的耐受性,得出了其存活的最大温度和盐度范围。参照前人的标椎和本实验的特点界定了钝缀锦蛤稚贝的适宜、较适宜、最适宜生存和生长盐度范围。实验结果表明,钝缀锦蛤稚贝对高温的耐受性较强,适合在南方温度较高的海域养殖。根据适宜生存盐度范围得出该贝属于广盐性种类,适宜生存盐度范围较广。但由于其最适生长盐度与外海海水基本相同,所以更适合外海养殖。本研究深入揭示了钝缀锦蛤稚贝的生态习性,丰富了钝缀锦蛤生物学研究的基础资料。可为钝缀锦蛤中间培育的养殖地选择提供参考,对于进一步优化钝缀锦蛤稚贝的养殖条件具有一定意义。
  • 2019广西创新驱动发展专项(桂科AA19254032-3)
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2022年第44卷第4期
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doi: 10.12284/hyxb2022094
  • 接收时间:2021-07-22
  • 首发时间:2026-02-01
  • 出版时间:2022-04-15
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  • 收稿日期:2021-07-22
  • 修回日期:2022-01-03
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2019广西创新驱动发展专项(桂科AA19254032-3)
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    1.广东海洋大学 水产学院,广东 湛江 524088
    2.广东省海产无脊椎动物科技创新中心,广东 湛江 524088

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刘志刚,教授,主要从事贝类遗传育种与增养殖的研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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