Article(id=1224795037553283682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1224795034394968191, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12284/hyxb2022028, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1625068800000, receivedDateStr=2021-07-01, revisedDate=1631548800000, revisedDateStr=2021-09-14, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1769943492543, onlineDateStr=2026-02-01, pubDate=1642176000000, pubDateStr=2022-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1769943492543, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-01, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1769943492543, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1769943492543, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1224795034394968191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2022', volume='44', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='154', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1769943491791, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1769995853907, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1225014657090469924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1224795034394968191, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1225014657094664229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1224795034394968191, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=48, endPage=62, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1224795039314891382, articleId=1224795037553283682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Spatio-temporal niches and interspecific association of dominant fish species in the offshore waters of southern Zhejiang, columnId=1194652705852465724, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Based on the fish survey data of the offshore waters of southern Zhejiang in August 2016 (summer), November 2016 (Autumn), March 2017 (winter) and May 2017 (spring), the relationship between dominant fish species is determined by niche breadth, niche overlap, cluster analysis, variance ratio (VR) method, chi-square test, association coefficient (AC) and species pair common percentage (PC). The results show that: (1) 169 species of fish are collected, including 26 major species; (2) in the spatial dimension, the niche breadth of Scomber japonicus is the largest (2.83); the niche overlap between Sardinella zunasi and Thryssa chefuensis is the largest (0.97); in the temporal dimension, the niche breadth of Harpadon nehereus is the largest (1.34); the niche overlap of six groups is equal to 1.00; in the spatial and temporal dimension, the niche breadth of Harpadon nehereus is the largest (3.08); the niche overlap between Sardinella zunasi and Thryssa chefuensis is the largest (0.97); (3) the variance ratio analysis showed that the VR deviation is significant, and the overall positive association of the major fish is significant, among which 170 groups of species pair association reached a significant level (χ2≥3.841). The results of the AC and the PC showed that the interspecific connection tended to be positive.

, correspAuthors=Weicheng Liu, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2022 Pratacultural Science. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Shen Ye, Rui Yang, Pengpeng Ding, Xin Peng, Weicheng Liu), CN=ArticleExt(id=1224795045165945574, articleId=1224795037553283682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=浙江南部近海主要鱼类的时空生态位及种间联结性, columnId=1149698756456657529, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

基于2016年8月(夏季)、11月(秋季)、2017年3月(冬季)、5月(春季)浙江南部近海的鱼类调查数据,利用生态位宽度、生态位重叠、聚类分析、方差比率法、卡方检验、联结系数以及种对共同出现百分率对主要鱼类种间关系进行研究。结果表明:(1)调查共采集鱼类169种,主要鱼类共有26种;(2)在空间维度上,日本鲭(Scomber japonicus)生态位宽度最大(2.83),青鳞小沙丁(Sardinella zunasi)和芝芜棱鳀(Thryssa chefuensis)生态位重叠值最大(0.97);在时间维度上,龙头鱼(Harpadon nehereus)生态位宽度最大(1.34),6组种对时间生态位重叠值等于1.00;在时空维度上,龙头鱼生态位宽度最大(3.50),青鳞小沙丁与芝芜棱鳀时空生态位重叠值最大(0.97);(3)方差比率法分析表明,方差比率偏离显著,主要鱼类总体正联结显著,其中170组种对间联结性达到显著水平($ \chi^2$≥3.841),联结系数和种对共同出现频率结果表明种间联结性趋于正联结。

, correspAuthors=刘伟成, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
刘伟成,男,高级工程师,主要从事渔业资源和生态研究。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《海洋学报》编辑部 2022, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=bcbupcIsd+DmVIT+dMUEuA==, magXml=GG6pS6JC345pFpExRi+3Ww==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=9gebkAcyep2wEHqwRbZ18Q==, pdfFileSize=1456278, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=FeDabKVVx9R/v9MsSyL9cw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=KnUCmrgjyew6axq2wOk1vQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

叶深(1988-),男,浙江省温州市人,研究方向为渔业资源和生态研究。E-mail:

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叶深(1988-),男,浙江省温州市人,研究方向为渔业资源和生态研究。E-mail:

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label=图7, caption=浙江南部近海主要鱼类种间共同出现百分率(PC)半矩阵, figureFileSmall=/BbLweh1iVa1tQzxO/2omQ==, figureFileBig=vvqvAg41sqfxqlkgG4emVQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1225365908802159025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224795037553283682, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Major composition of dominant fish species in the offshore waters of southern Zhengjiang

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种号种类重要性指数IRI
春季夏季秋季冬季
  注:表中“−”代表物种IRI小于100,并非该季节重要种。
1刺鲳Psenopsis anomala486.701 966.84255.20
2带鱼Trichiurus lepturus3 686.919 790.401 792.75421.48
3黑姑鱼Atrobucca nibe516.241 684.04
4镰鲳Pampus echinogaster244.47861.85199.22
5龙头鱼Harpadon nehereus2 307.57928.748 000.792 774.79
6小黄鱼Larimichthys polyactis200.641 026.15594.08748.10
7二长棘犁齿鲷Evynnis cardinalis138.09
8黄鲫Setipinna tenuifilis5 970.94458.82289.89156.51
9竹荚鱼Trachurus japonicus324.02
10银姑鱼Pennahia argentata362.68
11六丝钝尾虾虎鱼Amblychaeturichthys hexanema1 410.23
12细条天竺鲷Apogonichthys lineatus156.61950.65106.24
13鳞鳍叫姑鱼Johnius distinctus119.95160.20
14Miichthys miiuy152.14
15皮氏叫姑鱼Johnius belangerii200.81
16前肛鳗Dysomma anguillare178.97
17沙带鱼Lepturacanthus savala125.36
18芝芜棱鳀Thryssa chefuensis10 284.14
19七星底灯鱼Benthosema pterotum491.30
20拟尖鳍犀鳕Bregmaceros pseudolanceolatus114.11288.42186.82
21黄鮟鱇Lophius litulon177.47
22青鳞小沙丁Sardinella zunasi198.70
23日本鲭Scomber japonicus1 724.15
24蓝圆鲹Decapterus maruadsi365.30
25大头银姑鱼Pennahia macrocephalus162.94
26日本鳀Engraulis japonicus400.55
), ArticleFig(id=1225365908982514103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224795037553283682, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

浙江南部近海鱼类重要种种类组成

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种号种类重要性指数IRI
春季夏季秋季冬季
  注:表中“−”代表物种IRI小于100,并非该季节重要种。
1刺鲳Psenopsis anomala486.701 966.84255.20
2带鱼Trichiurus lepturus3 686.919 790.401 792.75421.48
3黑姑鱼Atrobucca nibe516.241 684.04
4镰鲳Pampus echinogaster244.47861.85199.22
5龙头鱼Harpadon nehereus2 307.57928.748 000.792 774.79
6小黄鱼Larimichthys polyactis200.641 026.15594.08748.10
7二长棘犁齿鲷Evynnis cardinalis138.09
8黄鲫Setipinna tenuifilis5 970.94458.82289.89156.51
9竹荚鱼Trachurus japonicus324.02
10银姑鱼Pennahia argentata362.68
11六丝钝尾虾虎鱼Amblychaeturichthys hexanema1 410.23
12细条天竺鲷Apogonichthys lineatus156.61950.65106.24
13鳞鳍叫姑鱼Johnius distinctus119.95160.20
14Miichthys miiuy152.14
15皮氏叫姑鱼Johnius belangerii200.81
16前肛鳗Dysomma anguillare178.97
17沙带鱼Lepturacanthus savala125.36
18芝芜棱鳀Thryssa chefuensis10 284.14
19七星底灯鱼Benthosema pterotum491.30
20拟尖鳍犀鳕Bregmaceros pseudolanceolatus114.11288.42186.82
21黄鮟鱇Lophius litulon177.47
22青鳞小沙丁Sardinella zunasi198.70
23日本鲭Scomber japonicus1 724.15
24蓝圆鲹Decapterus maruadsi365.30
25大头银姑鱼Pennahia macrocephalus162.94
26日本鳀Engraulis japonicus400.55
), ArticleFig(id=1225365909078983100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224795037553283682, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Spatial, temporal and spatio-temporal niche breadth of dominant fish species in the offshore waters of southern Zhengjiang

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种类空间生态位宽度时间生态位宽度时空生态位宽度
刺鲳Psenopsis anomala2.470.350.87
带鱼Trichiurus lepturus2.500.401.01
黑姑鱼Atrobucca nibe2.560.210.54
镰鲳Pampus echinogaster2.590.571.47
龙头鱼Harpadon nehereus2.611.343.50
小黄鱼Larimichthys polyactis2.531.002.53
二长棘犁齿鲷Evynnis cardinalis1.790.220.39
黄鲫Setipinna tenuifilis2.480.912.26
竹荚鱼Trachurus japonicus2.120.390.82
银姑鱼Pennahia argentata2.140.551.18
六丝钝尾虾虎鱼Amblychaeturichthys hexanema2.620.711.87
细条天竺鲷Apogonichthys lineatus2.041.152.35
鳞鳍叫姑鱼Johnius distinctus2.431.012.44
Miichthys miiuy2.450.631.55
皮氏叫姑鱼Johnius belangerii2.591.142.95
前肛鳗Dysomma anguillare2.441.212.95
沙带鱼Lepturacanthus savala2.450.781.92
芝芜棱鳀Thryssa chefuensis0.840.040.03
七星底灯鱼Benthosema pterotum1.870.911.70
拟尖鳍犀鳕Bregmaceros pseudolanceolatus1.900.951.81
黄鮟鱇Lophius litulon2.310.150.34
青鳞小沙丁Sardinella zunasi0.540.100.05
日本鲭Scomber japonicus2.830.290.82
蓝圆鲹Decapterus maruadsi2.550.932.38
大头银姑鱼Pennahia macrocephalus2.210.791.75
日本鳀Engraulis japonicus1.300.460.60
), ArticleFig(id=1225365909234172352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224795037553283682, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

浙江南部近海主要鱼类的空间、时间及时空生态位宽度

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种类空间生态位宽度时间生态位宽度时空生态位宽度
刺鲳Psenopsis anomala2.470.350.87
带鱼Trichiurus lepturus2.500.401.01
黑姑鱼Atrobucca nibe2.560.210.54
镰鲳Pampus echinogaster2.590.571.47
龙头鱼Harpadon nehereus2.611.343.50
小黄鱼Larimichthys polyactis2.531.002.53
二长棘犁齿鲷Evynnis cardinalis1.790.220.39
黄鲫Setipinna tenuifilis2.480.912.26
竹荚鱼Trachurus japonicus2.120.390.82
银姑鱼Pennahia argentata2.140.551.18
六丝钝尾虾虎鱼Amblychaeturichthys hexanema2.620.711.87
细条天竺鲷Apogonichthys lineatus2.041.152.35
鳞鳍叫姑鱼Johnius distinctus2.431.012.44
Miichthys miiuy2.450.631.55
皮氏叫姑鱼Johnius belangerii2.591.142.95
前肛鳗Dysomma anguillare2.441.212.95
沙带鱼Lepturacanthus savala2.450.781.92
芝芜棱鳀Thryssa chefuensis0.840.040.03
七星底灯鱼Benthosema pterotum1.870.911.70
拟尖鳍犀鳕Bregmaceros pseudolanceolatus1.900.951.81
黄鮟鱇Lophius litulon2.310.150.34
青鳞小沙丁Sardinella zunasi0.540.100.05
日本鲭Scomber japonicus2.830.290.82
蓝圆鲹Decapterus maruadsi2.550.932.38
大头银姑鱼Pennahia macrocephalus2.210.791.75
日本鳀Engraulis japonicus1.300.460.60
), ArticleFig(id=1225365909364195779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224795037553283682, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Temporal niche overlaps (above the diagonal) and spatial niche overlaps (under the diagonal) between dominant fish species in the offshore waters of southern Zhejiang

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种号1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526
  注:该表种号同表1;表中黑体数字为生态位重叠值大于0.60的两种生物,表示生态位重叠程度较高。
11.000.9990.9990.600.890.9990.480.9980.9990.130.090.300.040.310.560.060.0010.030.040.010.010.130.560.980.05
20.810.9990.9990.610.900.9990.480.9980.9990.110.090.290.040.300.550.050.020.040.060.030.030.130.560.980.05
30.630.660.9970.580.890.9990.460.9970.9970.100.060.270.020.280.540.030.0010.010.030.0040.010.110.530.970.02
40.710.610.440.630.900.9970.520.9981.000.150.130.340.070.340.590.090.020.060.080.030.030.170.590.990.09
50.310.370.290.320.850.580.540.600.630.610.830.610.710.770.850.610.610.770.770.620.620.300.580.690.34
60.820.730.780.730.290.890.470.890.910.240.420.320.310.440.640.190.440.460.480.450.450.120.520.890.11
70.420.480.460.380.300.390.490.9990.9980.090.060.280.0020.270.530.020.000.010.030.0040.010.140.560.980.05
80.330.560.370.290.450.170.450.530.510.170.420.840.070.380.490.320.060.290.290.090.070.930.990.600.90
90.630.430.550.320.250.630.420.130.9990.100.090.320.010.290.550.040.0020.030.050.010.010.190.600.980.11
100.480.590.500.180.340.230.330.660.160.140.120.330.060.330.570.080.030.060.080.040.040.160.580.990.09
110.570.450.530.500.480.520.170.290.290.410.770.650.930.970.880.970.080.380.370.080.090.100.280.270.12
120.540.610.710.590.140.790.100.040.320.100.580.700.900.850.770.840.620.860.860.630.630.370.440.230.46
130.410.190.410.230.430.220.220.350.150.560.630.110.510.770.770.780.010.360.350.020.010.800.880.480.80
140.220.230.270.190.620.290.070.240.200.290.420.170.560.910.800.900.440.670.660.440.450.0010.150.160.08
150.600.430.440.660.430.570.160.190.300.430.800.480.610.520.960.960.180.490.480.190.190.250.480.460.28
160.530.470.620.380.580.670.200.140.660.220.430.520.400.550.470.860.160.440.430.160.170.280.600.680.28
170.190.320.240.210.760.170.130.560.110.470.520.040.480.790.480.410.110.450.430.120.120.300.410.220.34
180.030.040.040.120.540.130.010.050.010.060.170.020.450.670.330.590.550.930.931.001.000.0030.0010.0040.13
190.270.400.670.140.280.430.310.310.170.510.200.270.280.160.220.450.240.091.000.930.930.240.250.100.36
200.170.260.190.190.120.190.030.080.300.140.200.190.130.250.300.380.200.040.370.940.940.240.250.110.36
210.330.350.210.200.370.280.070.230.130.250.290.160.350.580.410.280.400.290.140.211.000.030.020.010.15
220.020.010.020.100.490.130.0010.040.0010.0020.070.010.410.630.200.590.460.970.090.0030.280.0040.010.010.13
230.640.640.740.570.540.710.290.390.270.390.650.660.540.470.550.610.410.310.500.150.390.310.880.270.99
240.470.520.440.530.360.300.790.600.340.430.390.130.450.190.360.190.310.050.190.180.280.020.430.680.84
250.290.520.340.200.410.120.180.770.080.780.350.040.370.470.420.160.710.140.340.230.400.040.300.410.20
260.080.090.080.170.070.100.040.110.160.010.100.090.010.050.090.120.010.010.050.100.070.020.350.290.02
), ArticleFig(id=1225365909477441992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224795037553283682, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

浙江南部近海主要鱼类空间生态位(对角线以下)和时间生态位(对角线以上)重叠值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种号1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526
  注:该表种号同表1;表中黑体数字为生态位重叠值大于0.60的两种生物,表示生态位重叠程度较高。
11.000.9990.9990.600.890.9990.480.9980.9990.130.090.300.040.310.560.060.0010.030.040.010.010.130.560.980.05
20.810.9990.9990.610.900.9990.480.9980.9990.110.090.290.040.300.550.050.020.040.060.030.030.130.560.980.05
30.630.660.9970.580.890.9990.460.9970.9970.100.060.270.020.280.540.030.0010.010.030.0040.010.110.530.970.02
40.710.610.440.630.900.9970.520.9981.000.150.130.340.070.340.590.090.020.060.080.030.030.170.590.990.09
50.310.370.290.320.850.580.540.600.630.610.830.610.710.770.850.610.610.770.770.620.620.300.580.690.34
60.820.730.780.730.290.890.470.890.910.240.420.320.310.440.640.190.440.460.480.450.450.120.520.890.11
70.420.480.460.380.300.390.490.9990.9980.090.060.280.0020.270.530.020.000.010.030.0040.010.140.560.980.05
80.330.560.370.290.450.170.450.530.510.170.420.840.070.380.490.320.060.290.290.090.070.930.990.600.90
90.630.430.550.320.250.630.420.130.9990.100.090.320.010.290.550.040.0020.030.050.010.010.190.600.980.11
100.480.590.500.180.340.230.330.660.160.140.120.330.060.330.570.080.030.060.080.040.040.160.580.990.09
110.570.450.530.500.480.520.170.290.290.410.770.650.930.970.880.970.080.380.370.080.090.100.280.270.12
120.540.610.710.590.140.790.100.040.320.100.580.700.900.850.770.840.620.860.860.630.630.370.440.230.46
130.410.190.410.230.430.220.220.350.150.560.630.110.510.770.770.780.010.360.350.020.010.800.880.480.80
140.220.230.270.190.620.290.070.240.200.290.420.170.560.910.800.900.440.670.660.440.450.0010.150.160.08
150.600.430.440.660.430.570.160.190.300.430.800.480.610.520.960.960.180.490.480.190.190.250.480.460.28
160.530.470.620.380.580.670.200.140.660.220.430.520.400.550.470.860.160.440.430.160.170.280.600.680.28
170.190.320.240.210.760.170.130.560.110.470.520.040.480.790.480.410.110.450.430.120.120.300.410.220.34
180.030.040.040.120.540.130.010.050.010.060.170.020.450.670.330.590.550.930.931.001.000.0030.0010.0040.13
190.270.400.670.140.280.430.310.310.170.510.200.270.280.160.220.450.240.091.000.930.930.240.250.100.36
200.170.260.190.190.120.190.030.080.300.140.200.190.130.250.300.380.200.040.370.940.940.240.250.110.36
210.330.350.210.200.370.280.070.230.130.250.290.160.350.580.410.280.400.290.140.211.000.030.020.010.15
220.020.010.020.100.490.130.0010.040.0010.0020.070.010.410.630.200.590.460.970.090.0030.280.0040.010.010.13
230.640.640.740.570.540.710.290.390.270.390.650.660.540.470.550.610.410.310.500.150.390.310.880.270.99
240.470.520.440.530.360.300.790.600.340.430.390.130.450.190.360.190.310.050.190.180.280.020.430.680.84
250.290.520.340.200.410.120.180.770.080.780.350.040.370.470.420.160.710.140.340.230.400.040.300.410.20
260.080.090.080.170.070.100.040.110.160.010.100.090.010.050.090.120.010.010.050.100.070.020.350.290.02
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Spatio-temporal niche overlap between dominant fish species in the offshore waters of southern Zhejiang

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种号12345678910111213141516171819202122232425
  注:该表种号同表1;表中黑体数字为生态位重叠值大于0.60的两种生物,表示生态位重叠程度较高。
20.81
30.630.66
40.710.610.44
50.180.230.170.20
60.730.650.700.660.25
70.420.480.460.380.170.35
80.160.270.170.150.240.080.22
90.620.430.550.320.150.560.420.07
100.480.590.500.180.210.210.330.340.16
110.070.050.050.080.290.130.010.050.030.06
120.050.060.040.080.120.330.010.020.030.010.45
130.120.050.110.080.260.070.060.290.050.180.410.07
140.010.010.010.010.440.09<0.0010.020.0020.020.380.160.29
150.190.130.130.220.330.250.040.070.090.140.780.410.470.47
160.300.260.330.220.490.430.110.070.360.120.370.400.310.430.45
170.010.010.010.020.460.030.0030.180.0050.040.510.040.380.710.460.35
18<0.0010.001<0.0010.0030.330.060.00<0.001<0.0010.0020.010.010.0020.300.060.090.06
190.010.020.010.010.210.200.0040.090.010.030.070.240.100.110.110.200.110.08
200.010.010.010.010.090.090.0010.020.010.010.070.170.050.160.140.170.090.030.37
210.0020.010.0010.010.220.12<0.0010.020.0010.010.020.100.010.260.080.040.050.290.130.20
22<0.001<0.001<0.0010.0030.300.06<0.0010.003<0.001<0.0010.010.010.0050.280.040.100.050.970.080.0030.28
230.080.080.080.100.160.090.040.360.050.060.060.250.44<0.0010.140.170.120.0010.120.040.010.001
240.260.290.230.320.210.160.440.590.200.250.110.060.390.030.170.120.13<0.0010.050.050.01<0.0010.38
250.290.510.330.200.280.100.170.460.080.760.090.010.180.080.190.110.160.0010.030.030.004<0.0010.080.28
260.0040.0050.0020.020.020.010.0020.100.020.0010.010.040.010.0040.020.030.0040.0010.020.040.010.0020.350.250.004
), ArticleFig(id=1225365909712323031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224795037553283682, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

浙江南部近海主要鱼类时空生态位重叠值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种号12345678910111213141516171819202122232425
  注:该表种号同表1;表中黑体数字为生态位重叠值大于0.60的两种生物,表示生态位重叠程度较高。
20.81
30.630.66
40.710.610.44
50.180.230.170.20
60.730.650.700.660.25
70.420.480.460.380.170.35
80.160.270.170.150.240.080.22
90.620.430.550.320.150.560.420.07
100.480.590.500.180.210.210.330.340.16
110.070.050.050.080.290.130.010.050.030.06
120.050.060.040.080.120.330.010.020.030.010.45
130.120.050.110.080.260.070.060.290.050.180.410.07
140.010.010.010.010.440.09<0.0010.020.0020.020.380.160.29
150.190.130.130.220.330.250.040.070.090.140.780.410.470.47
160.300.260.330.220.490.430.110.070.360.120.370.400.310.430.45
170.010.010.010.020.460.030.0030.180.0050.040.510.040.380.710.460.35
18<0.0010.001<0.0010.0030.330.060.00<0.001<0.0010.0020.010.010.0020.300.060.090.06
190.010.020.010.010.210.200.0040.090.010.030.070.240.100.110.110.200.110.08
200.010.010.010.010.090.090.0010.020.010.010.070.170.050.160.140.170.090.030.37
210.0020.010.0010.010.220.12<0.0010.020.0010.010.020.100.010.260.080.040.050.290.130.20
22<0.001<0.001<0.0010.0030.300.06<0.0010.003<0.001<0.0010.010.010.0050.280.040.100.050.970.080.0030.28
230.080.080.080.100.160.090.040.360.050.060.060.250.44<0.0010.140.170.120.0010.120.040.010.001
240.260.290.230.320.210.160.440.590.200.250.110.060.390.030.170.120.13<0.0010.050.050.01<0.0010.38
250.290.510.330.200.280.100.170.460.080.760.090.010.180.080.190.110.160.0010.030.030.004<0.0010.080.28
260.0040.0050.0020.020.020.010.0020.100.020.0010.010.040.010.0040.020.030.0040.0010.020.040.010.0020.350.250.004
), ArticleFig(id=1225365909842346460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224795037553283682, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

General interspecific association test of dominant fish species in the offshore waters of southern Zhengjiang

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ST2$ \delta^2_T$VRW$\ \chi^2$[$\chi^2_{0.95}$(27), $\ \chi^2_{0.05}$(27)]
8.630.7711.27304.19(16.15, 40.11)
), ArticleFig(id=1225365909917843938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1224795037553283682, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

浙江南部近海主要鱼类总体联结性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ST2$ \delta^2_T$VRW$\ \chi^2$[$\chi^2_{0.95}$(27), $\ \chi^2_{0.05}$(27)]
8.630.7711.27304.19(16.15, 40.11)
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浙江南部近海主要鱼类的时空生态位及种间联结性
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叶深 1, 2 , 杨蕊 3 , 丁朋朋 3 , 彭欣 1, 2 , 刘伟成 1, 2, *
海洋学报 | 论文 2022,44(1): 48-62
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海洋学报 | 论文 2022, 44(1): 48-62
浙江南部近海主要鱼类的时空生态位及种间联结性
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叶深1, 2 , 杨蕊3, 丁朋朋3, 彭欣1, 2, 刘伟成1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1.浙江省海洋水产养殖研究所,浙江 温州 325005
  • 2.浙江省近岸水域生物资源开发与保护重点实验室,浙江 温州 325005
  • 3.上海海洋大学 海洋科学学院,上海 201306
  • 叶深(1988-),男,浙江省温州市人,研究方向为渔业资源和生态研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

刘伟成,男,高级工程师,主要从事渔业资源和生态研究。E-mail:
Spatio-temporal niches and interspecific association of dominant fish species in the offshore waters of southern Zhejiang
Shen Ye1, 2 , Rui Yang3, Pengpeng Ding3, Xin Peng1, 2, Weicheng Liu1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou 325005, China
  • 2. Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Exploitation and Preservation of Coastal Bio-resource, Wenzhou 325005, China
  • 3. College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
出版时间: 2022-01-15 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2022028
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基于2016年8月(夏季)、11月(秋季)、2017年3月(冬季)、5月(春季)浙江南部近海的鱼类调查数据,利用生态位宽度、生态位重叠、聚类分析、方差比率法、卡方检验、联结系数以及种对共同出现百分率对主要鱼类种间关系进行研究。结果表明:(1)调查共采集鱼类169种,主要鱼类共有26种;(2)在空间维度上,日本鲭(Scomber japonicus)生态位宽度最大(2.83),青鳞小沙丁(Sardinella zunasi)和芝芜棱鳀(Thryssa chefuensis)生态位重叠值最大(0.97);在时间维度上,龙头鱼(Harpadon nehereus)生态位宽度最大(1.34),6组种对时间生态位重叠值等于1.00;在时空维度上,龙头鱼生态位宽度最大(3.50),青鳞小沙丁与芝芜棱鳀时空生态位重叠值最大(0.97);(3)方差比率法分析表明,方差比率偏离显著,主要鱼类总体正联结显著,其中170组种对间联结性达到显著水平($ \chi^2$≥3.841),联结系数和种对共同出现频率结果表明种间联结性趋于正联结。

主要鱼类  /  生态位宽度  /  生态位重叠  /  种间联结性  /  浙江南部近海

Based on the fish survey data of the offshore waters of southern Zhejiang in August 2016 (summer), November 2016 (Autumn), March 2017 (winter) and May 2017 (spring), the relationship between dominant fish species is determined by niche breadth, niche overlap, cluster analysis, variance ratio (VR) method, chi-square test, association coefficient (AC) and species pair common percentage (PC). The results show that: (1) 169 species of fish are collected, including 26 major species; (2) in the spatial dimension, the niche breadth of Scomber japonicus is the largest (2.83); the niche overlap between Sardinella zunasi and Thryssa chefuensis is the largest (0.97); in the temporal dimension, the niche breadth of Harpadon nehereus is the largest (1.34); the niche overlap of six groups is equal to 1.00; in the spatial and temporal dimension, the niche breadth of Harpadon nehereus is the largest (3.08); the niche overlap between Sardinella zunasi and Thryssa chefuensis is the largest (0.97); (3) the variance ratio analysis showed that the VR deviation is significant, and the overall positive association of the major fish is significant, among which 170 groups of species pair association reached a significant level (χ2≥3.841). The results of the AC and the PC showed that the interspecific connection tended to be positive.

dominant fish species  /  niche breadth  /  niche overlap  /  interspecific association  /  the offshore waters of southern Zhejiang
叶深, 杨蕊, 丁朋朋, 彭欣, 刘伟成. 浙江南部近海主要鱼类的时空生态位及种间联结性. 海洋学报, 2022 , 44 (1) : 48 -62 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2022028
Shen Ye, Rui Yang, Pengpeng Ding, Xin Peng, Weicheng Liu. Spatio-temporal niches and interspecific association of dominant fish species in the offshore waters of southern Zhejiang[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2022 , 44 (1) : 48 -62 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2022028
生态位的研究和应用是现代生态学的重要内容之一[1-2],其通过表征物种在群落生态系统中的功能位置及分布关系,揭示种群在群落中的生态地位及种间相互作用[3],有利于深入了解种群间资源分配方式的差异。早期国内生态位研究主要集中在陆生生物群落[4]和底栖动物群落[5],研究者主要通过生态位宽度和生态位重叠这两个指标解释物种在丰度和分布方面的差异,比较不同物种间的竞争关系、环境适应性及资源利用能力[3],随着发展的深入,鱼类群落结构也出现相关研究,目前生态位在水域生态系统中已被广泛应用于分析群落结构、种间关系、群落多样性及演替和物种进化等[6],具有代表性的有空间生态位[7]、营养生态位[3]和多维生态位[8]。韩东燕等[9]通过营养−空间二维生态重叠指数探讨了胶州湾斑尾刺虾虎鱼(Synechogobius ommaturus)等5种虾虎鱼的种间食物竞争及空间分布关系;张琳琳等[10]基于生态位宽度和生态位重叠值探究了浙江中南部近岸海域春季主要鱼类的空间生态位。种间联结性是揭示群落构造和演化程度的重要指标,反映不同物种共同出现的可能性[11],随着研究的深入,生态学家将生态位及种间联结性引入海洋鱼类群落研究中[12]。韩晓凤等[11]基于相对重要性指数、生态位测定等方法分析了台州南部近岸海域春秋季主要鱼类生态位及其种间联结性;董静瑞等[12]研究了温州南部沿岸海域47种主要鱼类生态位及种间联结性与群落更替的相关性。
浙江南部近海属于东海中南部核心水域,受浙江沿岸流、台湾暖流和黑潮次表层水影响,该水域具有温和的气候和丰富的营养盐生境[13],众多鱼虾类聚集在此处产卵和索饵,种类繁多,资源丰富[14]。目前,有关该海域的报道多集中在单鱼种的生物学特征、资源量研究及群落结构的多样性分析上[13, 15],从生态学角度揭示鱼类种群关系及群落结构的研究较少,仅见高春霞等[16]基于稳定同位素技术对浙江南部近海渔业生物群落营养结构进行了研究。因此,本研究基于2016年8月(夏季)、2016年11月(秋季)、2017年3月(冬季)、2017年5月(春季)浙江南部近海的鱼类调查数据,利用优势种测度、生态位宽度、生态位重叠以及种间联结性测度对主要鱼类间的关系进行研究,为近海渔业群落结构稳定性、生态修复和资源养护管理提供科学参考。
本实验样品为2016年8月(夏季)、2016年11月(秋季)、2017年3月(冬季)、2017年5月(春季)在浙江南部近海(27.0°~29.0°N,120.5°~123.0°E)利用单船底拖作业捕获所得,调查船为功率396 kW、吨位305 t的“浙洞渔10109”号,调查方式为底拖网作业,网口宽为40 m,高为7.5 m,底纲和浮子纲为80 m,网目规格为2 000 mm×96目,网囊网目直径为25 mm,拖速为2~4 kn,每站拖网时间为1 h左右。样品个体经冷冻保存带回实验室进行分析,采样站位点如图1所示。
由于各站位的拖网时间与拖速不尽相同,因此在数据分析前按调查拖速3 kn、拖网时间1 h为基准对渔获量数据(生物量、丰度)进行标准化。
采用相对重要性指数(Index of Relative Importance, IRI)作为考量指标[17],包括生物个体数、生物量和出现频率信息,计算公式为
$ {\rm{IRI}}=(N+W)\times F\times 10^4, $
式中,N为单一航次单一物种渔获尾数与渔获总尾数的比值;W为单一航次单一物种渔获重量与总渔获重量的比值;F为单一航次单一物种出现的站位数与总调查站位的比值。定义IRI≥1 000的种类为该海域内的优势种,100≤IRI<1 000为重要种。
生态位测度指标包括生态位宽度和生态位重叠。由于不同种类间个体差异较大,使用生物量更能代表物种间的能量分布[18]。生态位宽度用Shannon-Wiener[19]公式表示为
$ B_i=-\sum\limits^R_{j=1}(P_{ij}{\rm{ln}}P_{ij}), $
式中,Bi为种i的生态位宽度;Pij为种i在第j个资源状态下的个体数占该种所有个体数的比例,其中j在计算空间生态位时表示某个调查站位,j在计算时间生态位时表示某个调查航次;R为总站位数。
生态位重叠指数采用Pianka[20]公式进行计算:
$ Q_{ik}=\sum\limits_{j=1}^R(P_{ij}P_{kj})\left/\sqrt{\sum\limits_{j=1}^R P_{ij}^2 \sum\limits_{j=1}^R P_{kj}^2}, \right.$
式中,Qik为种i与种k的生态位重叠指数;Pkj为种k在第j个资源状态下的生物量占该种总生物量的比例;R为总站位数。Qik大小表示重叠程度的大小,重叠值介于0~1,当Qik>0.6时视为重叠度较高,0.3≤Qik≤0.6视为重叠度较低,Qik<0.3视为重叠度低[21]
Schluter[22]提出的方差比率(Variance Ratio, VR)是物种间总体关联程度的判断指标,并运用计算统计量W值检验关联显著性,其计算公式如下:
$ \delta _T^2 = \sum\limits_{i=1}^s p_i(1-p_i)^2, $
$ S^2_T=\frac{1}{n}\sum\limits_{j=1}^n(T_j-t)^2, $
$ {\rm{VR}}=S_T^2/\delta_T^2, $
$ W={\rm{VR}}\times n, $
式中,$ \delta_T^2$表示总站位方差;$ S_T^2$表示总种数方差;pi为第i物种出现的频度,$ p_i=n_i/n$;n表示总站位数;ni表示物种i出现的站位数;Tj表示站位j内主要鱼类出现的种数;s表示主要鱼类全部种数;t表示站位中平均物种数。VR=1时,表示物种间独无关联;VR>1,表示物种间存在正相关;VR<1,表示物种间存在负相关。利用统计量W值来检验VR值偏离1的显著程度;若种间总体上无关联性,W值将落入卡方分布的置信区间$ \chi^2_{0.95}(n)<W< \chi^2_{0.05}(n)$内,其概率具有90%的置信度。
$\ \chi^2$检验是基于2×2列联表,用Yates连续校正法[23]进行$\ \chi^2$检验:
$ \chi^2=\frac{n(|ad-bd|-0.5n)^2}{(a+b)(b+d)(a+c)(c+d)}, $
式中,n为总站位数;a为两物种都出现的站位数;bc分别为仅其中一个物种出现的站位数;d为两物种均未出现的站位数。若$ \chi^2$<3.841,则种对间具有不显著联结性;若3.841≤$ \chi^2$<6.635,则种对间具有显著联结性;若$ \chi^2$≥6.635,则种对间具有极显著联结性。以(adbc)值的正负性来确定种对间关联的正负性,若(adbc)>0,则物种间呈正联结;(adbc)<0,则物种间呈负联结;ad=bc为无联结。
采用联结系数(Association Coefficient, AC)[24]进一步检验$ \chi^2$所测出的结果及说明种间联结程度,计算公式如下:
$ {\rm{AC}}=\frac{2(ad-bc)}{(a+b)(b+d)(a+c)(c+d)}, $
式中,AC取值范围为−1~1,AC值越接近1,该种对间正联结程度越强;AC越接近−1,该种对间负联结程度越强;AC为0时,该种对相互独立[25]
采用共同出现百分率(Percentage of Co-occurrence, PC)测度物种间正联结程度[26],其公式为
$ {\rm{PC}}=a/(a+b+c)\times100{\text%}, $
式中,PC的取值范围为0~100%,PC值越接近100%,则种对间正联结越紧密,种对相互独立时PC为0。下文将PC等值表示为0~1。
利用Excel 2019软件计算相对重要性指数;利用R语言计算生态位宽度、生态位重叠指数及种间联结性;利用SPSS 24对研究对象的生态位宽度进行聚类分析。
本研究调查的4个航次鱼类共计169种,根据优势度指数计算得出4个航次中主要鱼类共有26种,其中春季、夏季、秋季、冬季重要种分别为9种、6种、12种和8种,优势种分别为4种、4种、3种和2种。浙江南部近海鱼类重要种季节变化显著,其中蓝圆鲹(Decapterus maruadsi)、日本鲭(Scomber japonicus)、日本鳀(Engraulis japonicus)仅为春季重要种;二长棘犁齿鲷(Evynnis cardinalis)、竹荚鱼(Trachurus japonicus)、银姑鱼(Pennahia argentata)仅为夏季重要种;大头银姑鱼(Pennahia macrocephalus)、六丝钝尾虾虎鱼(Amblychaeturichthys hexanema)、鮸(Miichthys miiuy)、皮氏叫姑鱼(Johnius belangerii)、前肛鳗(Dysomma anguillare)、沙带鱼(Lepturacanthus savala)仅为秋季重要种;芝芜棱鳀(Thryssa chefuensis)、黄鮟鱇(Lophius litulon)、七星底灯鱼(Benthosema pterotum)、青鳞小沙丁(Sardinella zunasi)仅为冬季重要种。4个季节共有主要鱼类为带鱼(Trichiurus lepturus)、龙头鱼(Harpadon nehereus)、小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis)和黄鲫(Setipinna tenuifilis)(表1)。
从空间维度上分析发现,浙江南部近海主要鱼类的空间生态位宽度值范围为0.54~2.83(表2),其中日本鲭空间生态位宽度值最大(2.83),青鳞小沙丁空间生位态宽度值最小(0.54)。结合空间生态位宽度聚类分析,将26种主要鱼类分为3组:第一组由黑姑鱼、带鱼等组成,空间生态位最宽;第二组由日本鳀组成,空间生态位宽度次之;第三组由芝芜棱鳀和青鳞小沙丁组成,空间生态位最窄(图2)。
从时间维度上分析发现,浙江南部近海主要鱼类的时间生态位宽度值范围为0.04~1.34(表2),其中龙头鱼时间生态位宽度值最大(1.34),芝芜棱鳀时间生态位宽度值最小(0.04)。结合时间生态位宽度聚类分析,将26种主要鱼类分为3组:第一组由黄鲫、前肛鳗等组成,时间生态位最宽;第二组由镰鲳、银姑鱼等组成,时间生态位宽度次之;第三组由带鱼、刺鲳等组成,时间生态位宽度最窄(图3)。
从时空维度上分析发现,浙江南部近海主要鱼类的时空生态位宽度值范围在为0.03~3.50(表2),其中龙头鱼时空生态位宽度值最大(3.50),芝芜棱鳀时空生态位宽度值最小(0.03)。结合时空生态位宽度聚类分析,将26种主要鱼类分为3组:第一组由带鱼、刺鲳等组成,时空生态位最窄;第二组由皮氏叫姑鱼、前肛鳗和龙头鱼组成,时空生态位最宽;第三组由细条天竺鲷、镰鲳等组成,时空生态位宽度次之(图4)。
从空间维度上分析发现,青鳞小沙丁和芝芜棱鳀生态位重叠值最大,为0.97。研究结果表明,325组种对中,空间生态位重叠值在0.6以上的有40对,占总对数的12.31%;空间生态位重叠值范围在0.3~0.6内的有131对,占总对数的40.31%;其余154对空间生态位宽度生态位重叠值在0.3以下,占总对数的47.38%,空间生态位重叠以低等级为主(表3)。
从时间维度上分析发现,29组种对时间生态位重叠值大于等于0.99;芝芜棱鳀与二长棘犁齿鲷时间生态位重叠值最小,为0。研究结果表明,325组种对中,时间生态位重叠值在0.6以上的有103对,占总对数的31.69%;时间生态位重叠值范围在0.3~0.6间的有79对,占总对数的24.31%;其余143对时间生态位重叠值低于0.3,占总对数的44.0%,时间生态位以低等级为主(表3)。
从时空维度上分析发现,青鳞小沙丁与芝芜棱鳀时空生态位重叠值最大,为0.97;芝芜棱鳀与二长棘犁齿鲷时空生态位重叠值为最小,为0。研究结果表明,325组种对中,时空生态位重叠值在0.6以上的有14对,占总对数的4.31%;时空生态位重叠值范围在0.3~0.6间的有55对,占总对数的16.92%;其余256对时空生态位重叠值低于0.3,占总对数的78.77%,时空生态位以低等级为主(表4)。
利用方差比率对主要鱼类的总体联结性进行检验发现VR(11.27)大于1,表明主要鱼类总体上呈正相关。计算统计量W为304.19,经查表得出W值未落入卡方分布的置信区间$\chi^2_{0.95}(27)<W< \chi^2_{0.05}(27)$内,表明VR偏离显著,主要鱼类总体联结性显著(表5)。
在26种主要鱼类构成的325组种对中,因刺鲳、带鱼、镰鲳、龙头鱼、小黄鱼、日本鲭、黄鲫在各个调查站点中均有分布,因此无法进行$ \chi^2$检验分析,其中共154对,占总种对数的47.38%。其余171组种对中,有1组种对间联结不显著($ \chi^2$<3.841),占总种对数的0.31%;有170组种对间联结性具有显著性,其中有4组呈显著正相关(3.841≤$ \chi^2$≤6.635, ad>bc),占总种对数的1.23%;有1组呈显著负相关(3.841≤$ \chi^2$≤6.635, ad<bc),占总种对数的0.31%;有103组呈极显著正相关($ \chi^2$>6.635, ad>bc),占总种对数的31.69%;有62组呈极显著负相关($ \chi^2$>6.635, ad<bc),占总种对数的9.85%(图5)。研究结果表明,有107组种对间呈正联结性且水平显著。
联结系数(AC)研究结果表明(图6),325组种对中有26组种对间正联结程度较高(AC≥0.6),占总种对数的8.00%;有53组种对间正联结程度一般(0.2≤AC<0.6),占总种对数的16.31%;有195组种对间趋于独立(−0.2≤AC<0.2),占总种对数的60.00%;有51组种对间负联结程度较高(AC<−0.6),占总种对数的15.69%。
共同出现百分率(PC)值分析表明(图7),325组种对中具有强正联结性(0.8<PC≤1)的种对有136组,占总种对数的41.85%;较强正联结性(0.6<PC≤0.8)的种对有111组,占总种对数的34.15%;一般正联结性(0.4<PC≤0.6)的种对有72组,占总种对数的22.15%;较弱正联结性(0.2<PC≤0.4)的种对有6组,占总种对数的1.85%;无联结性(PC≤0.2)的种对为0组。
空间生态位宽度是物种空间维度分布的度量[27]。李超男等[21]利用空间生态位宽度值聚类分析结果反映温州湾春季主要游泳生物群落中物种数量及分布格局。本研究聚类分析将主要鱼类分为3组,第一组组内各物种均属暖水性鱼类,在调查水域范围内分布广泛,渔获生物量较高且各站点间渔获生物量分布均匀,生境适应能力及空间竞争能力强,因此空间生态位宽度值普遍较高;第三组仅由芝芜棱鳀和青鳞小沙丁组成,究其原因为两种鱼类在调查海域内分布不均,其中青鳞小沙丁站点出现频率为48.15%,芝芜棱鳀站点出现率虽高于80%,但各站点间较大的生物量差异可能是造成空间生态位宽度值较低的原因。
时间生态位宽度是调查海域范围内物种出现时间的度量[27]。聚类第一组组内物种种群生物量随时间变化相对较小,在调查时间内出现时间均较长,在调查区域内分布的季节变化不明显,时间生态位宽度值均高于0.9;第三组组内物种时间生态位宽度值相对较低,主要为该些物种生物量分布存在明显的季节性差异,表现为某一季度的生物量骤增。
时空生态位宽度能综合描述物种间的竞争共存机制[28]。聚类结果可在一定程度上反映出物种间在时间及空间维度上的分布均匀程度。结果表明,第二组组内物种时空生态位宽度值较高,对应物种的空间和时间生态位宽度值均较高,说明该组物种资源占有量在时间维度上具有同步性,空间维度上具有同域性。何雄波等[29]对闽江口主要渔获鱼类的时空生态位宽度分析中表明,当空间生态位宽度值相差不大时,时间生态位宽度对时空生态位宽度影响较明显,本研究同样发现空间生态位宽度值大但时间生态位宽度值并非也大,日本鲭具有最宽的空间生态位宽度(2.83),但在时间维度上生态位较窄(0.29),因此造成其时空生态位较窄(0.82);其次,物种自身的洄游特性及物种生物量分布的季节差异也是造成时空生态位宽度值较低的原因[30-31]
本研究发现,相对重要性指数大的物种与时空生态位宽度值大的物种存在差异,造成这种差异的主要原因为相对重要性指数根据物种尾数、生物量及出现频率计算而来,而时空生态位宽度值的计算则考虑了物种生物量、出现站点及出现时间,相较而言,不同站点或不同季节渔获量的分布程度均会对时空生态位宽度值的计算结果产生影响,因此,后者更能衡量某一物种在时空二维维度上对资源的利用能力。
生态位测度指标是影响物种群落结构及多样性的重要因素,生态位重叠可体现物种间潜在的竞争关系[32]。空间生态位重叠可反映物种在某一空间维度上对资源利用的相似程度。本研究中青鳞小沙丁与芝芜棱鳀空间生态位重叠值最大(0.97),表明二者在空间维度上资源分布范围最接近,原因可能是二者均为浮游动物食性,属于相同功能群,对食物资源存在竞争。青鳞小沙丁与二长棘犁齿鲷的空间生态位重叠值最低(0.001),这可能是由于两物种在该海域内对资源的利用程度存在空间异质性,但这并不表明两物种种间关系趋于独立,葛宝明等[33]认为,生态位重叠值主要与物种分布的环境位点重合情况密切相关,本研究中两物种调查站位重叠率为33.33%。
本研究中29组种对时间生态位重叠值大于或等于0.99,表明种对间物种在调查海域内对资源的利用在时间维度上最为接近,且在这些种对中夏、秋季调查数据大多低于其他季节。芝芜棱鳀与二长棘犁齿鲷时间生态位重叠值最小(0),在研究水域范围内,二长棘犁齿鲷为夏季重要种,而芝芜棱鳀仅为冬季重要种,二者分布存在明显季节性差异,且芝芜棱鳀在研究水域内是主要栖息于水域深度范围为1~20 m的表层鱼类,二长棘犁齿鲷是栖息于水域底层的底层鱼类[34],二者栖所生态不同,由此也印证了何雄波等[29]关于时间生态位重叠可以反应群落中生物生活史相似性这一结论。
时空生态位重叠表征物种在时间和空间双因素影响下的生态位重叠,结果常以空间生态位重叠值与时间生态位重叠值的乘积表示[35],其中任一维度的重叠值升高,就会造成时空生态位重叠值升高。本研究中,青鳞小沙丁与芝芜棱鳀时空生态位重叠值最大,芝芜棱鳀与二长棘犁齿鲷时空生态位重叠值最小。进一步研究发现,生态位宽度值高的物种与其他物种的生态位重叠值并非也高,龙头鱼是浙江南部近海四季优势种(IRI>1 000)且各站位间生物量分布均匀,其时空生态位宽度最宽(3.50),但它与其他物种间重叠均不显著(Qij<0.6),这可能是由于鱼类群落结构在不同环境维度上存在生态分化现象,物种本身特性对资源环境适应性不同。
种间总体联结性可反映群落结构和物种组成的稳定性[36]。浙江南部近海主要鱼类总体联结性为显著正联结,表明主要鱼类群落总体上呈稳定状态,物种间在生存空间上相异或相互依存,外界干扰对群落稳定性影响不大,生态系统结构趋于成熟。
种对间联结是两个物种在空间分布上的联结性[37],单一的检验方法可能会导致结果存在误差,因此本研究中以卡方检验为基础,结合联结系数与共同出现百分率,进一步检验卡方结果联结性不显著的种对,客观判断种对间联结情况。卡方检验结果表明,浙江南部近海大多数种对间关联性均达到显著水平,说明该水域内各物种对水域环境具有相似的适应能力,物种组成稳定性较强,演替趋势趋于正向。龙头鱼、前肛鳗、皮氏叫姑鱼时空生态位宽度值在所有物种生态位宽度中位居前三,种对间联结性结果分析显示,除龙头鱼在各个站点均有分布无法进行卡方检验外,前肛鳗和皮氏叫姑鱼与其他主要鱼类显著正相关程度均较高。此外研究发现,生态位重叠值的高低并不对种对间联结性产生影响,带鱼和龙头鱼均为浙江南部近海四季主要鱼类且互为捕食者与被捕食者[38-39],其种对间生态位重叠并不显著,但AC结果表明,种对间正相关程度较高(AC≥0.2),PC结果表明,该组种对间具有强正联结(0.8<PC≤1)。因此,生态位重叠显著的种对其联结性未必显著,出现此结果的原因可能是种对间关联程度随群落演替程度的升高而降低,也可能由于较高的物种多样性导致的空间分布异质性。
本研究采用优势种测度、生态位宽度、生态位重叠以及种间联结性测度对浙江南部近海主要鱼类间的种间关系及其群落结构特征进行研究,研究结果对今后该海域的生态稳定性评估和资源养护管理具有科学参考意义。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2020YFD0900805)
  • 国家自然科学基金(31902372,41906074)
  • 浙江省渔业资源调查项目(158053)
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2022年第44卷第1期
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doi: 10.12284/hyxb2022028
  • 接收时间:2021-07-01
  • 首发时间:2026-02-01
  • 出版时间:2022-01-15
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  • 收稿日期:2021-07-01
  • 修回日期:2021-09-14
基金
国家重点研发计划(2020YFD0900805)
国家自然科学基金(31902372,41906074)
浙江省渔业资源调查项目(158053)
作者信息
    1.浙江省海洋水产养殖研究所,浙江 温州 325005
    2.浙江省近岸水域生物资源开发与保护重点实验室,浙江 温州 325005
    3.上海海洋大学 海洋科学学院,上海 201306

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刘伟成,男,高级工程师,主要从事渔业资源和生态研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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