Article(id=1212069462593901009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1212069458550583325, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12284/hyxb2023103, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1686758400000, receivedDateStr=2023-06-15, revisedDate=1694534400000, revisedDateStr=2023-09-13, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766909479043, onlineDateStr=2025-12-28, pubDate=1703952000000, pubDateStr=2023-12-31, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766909479043, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766909479043, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766909479043, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1212069458550583325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2023', volume='45', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='192', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766909478080, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766924871391, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1212134022831010622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1212069458550583325, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1212134022831010623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1212069458550583325, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=44, endPage=57, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1212069462887502292, articleId=1212069462593901009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Analysis of the Cenozoic tectonic sedimentary evolution and its dynamic mechanism in the Yinggehai Basin, columnId=1194652705852465724, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The tectonic evolution of the northwestern continental margin of the South China Sea were controlled by many factors, such as the Red River Fault, the Hainan mantle plume and the formation and evolution of the South China Sea. The Yinggehai Basin is located in the northwest of the South China Sea, where thick Cenozoic sediments were deposited. The Cenozoic evolution history of the northwestern continental margin of the South China Sea was recorded in detail in the Yinggehai Basin. However, which factor has mainly controlled the evolution of the Yinggehai Basin since the Cenozoic is still ambiguous. In this paper, 7 drilling wells and 23 simulated wells were selected in the Yinggehai Basin, and the sedimentation rate and subsidence rate of the Yinggehai Basin were reconstructed by empty basin tectonic subsidence analysis method. The deep structure of the Yinggehai Basin was simulated by gravity inversion method based on previous study. The results show that during the rift period, the subsidence rate of the Yinggehai Basin in the north and middle sections is larger than in the south section. There are two stages of “step acceleration subsidence” in the north and middle sections, which are 23–11.7 Ma BP and 11.7 Ma BP–present, respectively. The maximum tectonic subsidence rate can be up to 80 m/Ma in the post rift stage in the north section and about 110 m/Ma in the middle section. The maximum tectonic subsidence rate of the Southern Graben and Uplift is both close to 70 m/Ma during the periods of 11.7–5.7 Ma BP and 15.9–11.7 Ma BP, respectively. The Cenozoic subsidence of the Yinggehai Basin is consistent with the change of sedimentary rate, indicates that tectonic subsidence plays a significant role on sedimentary evolution. According to the results of gravity inversion, it may be lower crust high density anomaly intrusion underlying the Yinggehai Basin. We suggested it may be basic rock according to the drilling basalts in the sediments. By comparing with the subsidence rate of surrounding basins in the South China Sea, the acceleration subsidence in the 15.9–11.7 Ma BP may be related to the disappearance of secondary mantle convection due to the ceasing of the seafloor spreading of the South China Sea. The 5.7 Ma BP–present accelerated subsidence of the Yinggehai Basin may be related to the dextral strike-slip activity of the Red River Fault.

, correspAuthors=Hui Xie, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2023 Pratacultural Science. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Guozhong Jiang, Hui Xie, Zhongxian Zhao, Hongcai Shi, Hui Pan), CN=ArticleExt(id=1212069465919984142, articleId=1212069462593901009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=莺歌海盆地新生代构造沉积演化及动力学机制分析, columnId=1149698756456657529, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

南海西北陆缘构造演化极其复杂,受到红河断裂、海南地幔柱和南海形成演化等多种因素的控制。莺歌海盆地位于南海西北部,发育了巨厚的新生代沉积物,详细记录了南海西北陆缘新生代的演化历史。但是莺歌海盆地新生代以来主要受到何种构造因素的控制目前还不太清楚。本文在莺歌海盆地较为均匀地选择了7口钻井和23口模拟井,通过空盆构造沉降方法重建了莺歌海盆地的构造沉降量、构造沉降速率和沉积速率,同时运用重力反演方法模拟了莺歌海盆地深部地壳结构,并结合前人研究成果进行了综合分析。结果发现莺歌海盆地在裂陷期(45~23 Ma BP),盆地北部和中部沉降速率较大,南部沉降速率较小;在裂后期(23~0 Ma BP), 盆地北部和中部沉降速率存在两期“台阶式”上升,分别为23~11.7 Ma BP和11.7 Ma BP至今,北部裂后期构造沉降速率最大可达80 m/Ma,中部最大可达110 m/Ma;南部地堑和隆起裂后期分别在11.7~5.7 Ma BP和15.9~11.7 Ma BP构造沉降速率最大可达70 m/Ma。莺歌海盆地新生代整体上表现为沉降速率与沉积速率变化基本一致,说明构造沉降对沉积速率具有显著的控制作用。重力反演发现莺歌海盆地可能存在下地壳高密度异常体,结合盆地沉积物内部钻遇玄武岩,我们推测下地壳高密度异常体为基性侵入体。通过与南海周边其他沉积盆地沉降速率对比发现,几乎所有盆地都在中中新世−晚中新世(15.9~11.7 Ma BP)发生了加速沉降事件,我们认为这可能跟南海海盆停止扩张导致大陆边缘次生地幔对流消失有关。莺歌海盆地5.7 Ma BP至今的加速沉降则可能与红河断裂右旋走滑活动有关。

, correspAuthors=谢辉, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*谢辉(1987—),男,博士,讲师,研究方向为大陆边缘构造与盆地分析。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《海洋学报》编辑部 2023, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=8HZe4+6gtlQFhAfMW60+qw==, magXml=0eP1yCW94CqqN2njvrAiJw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=t57kpJgFh9jZ+rG28QtXbQ==, pdfFileSize=2708391, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=oDnEnY6/hbtldvwORQDOxw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=GFrVYItoxxw6AMovCsdk1Q==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

蒋国忠(1998—),男,安徽省滁州市人,研究方向为海洋地球物理与盆地分析。E-mai1:

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蒋国忠(1998—),男,安徽省滁州市人,研究方向为海洋地球物理与盆地分析。E-mai1:

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蒋国忠(1998—),男,安徽省滁州市人,研究方向为海洋地球物理与盆地分析。E-mai1:

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2 广东海洋大学 海洋与气象学院 近海海洋变化与灾害预警实验室,广东 湛江 524088
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2 广东海洋大学 海洋与气象学院 近海海洋变化与灾害预警实验室,广东 湛江 524088
3 广东海洋大学 广东省高等学校陆架及深远海气候、资源与环境重点实验室,广东 湛江 524088, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1215337918764339559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212069462593901009, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215337918776922473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212069462593901009, companyId=1215337918764339559, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 广东海洋大学 化学与环境学院,广东 湛江 524088)]), AuthorCompany(id=1215337918965666168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212069462593901009, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215337918986637691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212069462593901009, companyId=1215337918965666168, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, 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HN: Hanoi Sag, LG: Lingao Uplift, YX: Yingxi Slope, YD: Yingdong Slope, ZY: Central Sag, ZJ: Zhongjian Uplift, GY: Guangyi Graben, SH: Hue Sub-Basin, GL: Guangle Uplift

, figureFileSmall=YlDONnugcb9Bi7ijw1cJTA==, figureFileBig=JFY8oqIrdGy15ngm3obgyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215337923491320431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212069462593901009, language=CN, label=图1, caption=南海新生代沉积盆地分布(a)和莺歌海盆地构造单元分布(b)

HN:河内凹陷,LG:临高凸起,YX:莺西斜坡,YD:莺东斜坡,ZY:中央凹陷,ZJ:中建凸起,GY:广义地堑,SH:顺化子盆地,GL:广乐隆起

, figureFileSmall=YlDONnugcb9Bi7ijw1cJTA==, figureFileBig=JFY8oqIrdGy15ngm3obgyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215337923608760951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212069462593901009, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Comparison of subsidence curves of northern section (a), central section (b), Southern Graben (c) and Southern Uplift (d) of the Yinggehai Basin, figureFileSmall=+FsKf077n4RfmfM3SYoCFQ==, figureFileBig=ljx7qePknqFw8zzeNFndhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215337923709424250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212069462593901009, language=CN, label=图2, caption=莺歌海盆地北部(a)、中部(b)、南部地堑(c)和南部隆起(d)沉降曲线对比, figureFileSmall=+FsKf077n4RfmfM3SYoCFQ==, figureFileBig=ljx7qePknqFw8zzeNFndhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215337923814281854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212069462593901009, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Comparison of subsidence rate among northern section (a), central section (b), Southern Graben (c) and Southern Uplift (d) of the Yinggehai Basin, figureFileSmall=X4DspX8x9fyjxTY0r3bIew==, figureFileBig=FVADk6Yf5dIHZMiaVF4W5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215337923956888197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212069462593901009, language=CN, label=图3, caption=莺歌海盆地北部(a)、中部(b)、南部地堑(c)和南部隆起(d)沉降速率对比, figureFileSmall=X4DspX8x9fyjxTY0r3bIew==, figureFileBig=FVADk6Yf5dIHZMiaVF4W5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215337925198402188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212069462593901009, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Comparison of sedimentation rates among northern section (a), central section (b), Southern Graben (c) and Southern Uplift (d) of Yinggehai Basin, figureFileSmall=Ap4UOP014cTsHWY+JMJfzQ==, figureFileBig=Uwc3qYgeUDgEtkEthGCbUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215337925332619915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212069462593901009, language=CN, label=图4, caption=莺歌海盆地北部(a)、中部(b)、南部地堑(c)和南部隆起(d)沉积速率对比, figureFileSmall=Ap4UOP014cTsHWY+JMJfzQ==, figureFileBig=Uwc3qYgeUDgEtkEthGCbUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215337925454254738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212069462593901009, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Gravity inversion results of the Yinggehai Basin, figureFileSmall=hWBRNCeKQ9YzwOoEvM//AA==, figureFileBig=uILHEtLgEGitHFG6M+Vqxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215337925550723736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212069462593901009, language=CN, label=图5, caption=莺歌海盆地重力反演结果, figureFileSmall=hWBRNCeKQ9YzwOoEvM//AA==, figureFileBig=uILHEtLgEGitHFG6M+Vqxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215337925622026909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212069462593901009, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Comparison of average subsidence rate and sedimentation rate in northern section (a), central section (b), Southern Graben (c) and Southern Uplift (d) of the Yinggehai Basin, figureFileSmall=vGUan+r/oh1HEXQgbHFyBA==, figureFileBig=BGVuz0JzCL88hjaP1Cc9YA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215337925701718688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212069462593901009, language=CN, label=图6, caption=莺歌海盆地北部(a)、中部(b)、南部地堑(c)和南部隆起(d)平均沉降速率与沉积速率对比, figureFileSmall=vGUan+r/oh1HEXQgbHFyBA==, figureFileBig=BGVuz0JzCL88hjaP1Cc9YA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215337925793993381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212069462593901009, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Model of the secondary mantle convection in the continental margin

a. Before 15 Ma BP, the secondary mantle convection caused by the primary mantle convection in the ridge of the South China Sea; b. after 15 Ma BP, the disappearance of secondary mantle convection leads to the acceleration of subsidence in the continental margin

, figureFileSmall=ks3u1TaOmJc0RWKLdl7kfQ==, figureFileBig=aUbquCyhJ3Vx7GyACQxy2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215337925869490858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212069462593901009, language=CN, label=图7, caption=大陆边缘次生地幔对流模式

a. 15 Ma BP以前洋中脊主地幔对流引发大陆边缘次生地幔对流;b. 15 Ma BP以后,次生地幔对流消失导致大陆边缘快速沉降

, figureFileSmall=ks3u1TaOmJc0RWKLdl7kfQ==, figureFileBig=aUbquCyhJ3Vx7GyACQxy2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215337925970154159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212069462593901009, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Tectonic subsidence rates of sedimentary basins in the South China Sea since Neocene (redraw according to reference [12, 5356]), figureFileSmall=Rqv2cBb0SUMzmxCdKH+jdA==, figureFileBig=jHp4sqJ4YqCLdhB9kqUPeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215337926116954809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212069462593901009, language=CN, label=图8, caption=南海周缘盆地新近系以来构造沉降速率(据文献[12, 5356]重绘), figureFileSmall=Rqv2cBb0SUMzmxCdKH+jdA==, figureFileBig=jHp4sqJ4YqCLdhB9kqUPeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215337926259561148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212069462593901009, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

The data of the LG1120 drilling well in the Yinggehai Basin (location see figure 1)[21]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
界面
名称
界面深度/m年龄/Ma地层名称最小古水深/m最大古水深/m沉积环境岩性
编码
T0650乐东组6565浅海1.53
T302 3505.7莺歌海组20150浅海1.65
T402 37511.7黄流组020滨海1.77
T503 27215.9梅山组120滨海1.6
T603 80323三亚组01湖泊1.54
Tg8 73445岭头组00湖泊1.61
), ArticleFig(id=1215337926402167489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212069462593901009, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

莺歌海盆地LG1120井参数表(位置见图1)[21]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
界面
名称
界面深度/m年龄/Ma地层名称最小古水深/m最大古水深/m沉积环境岩性
编码
T0650乐东组6565浅海1.53
T302 3505.7莺歌海组20150浅海1.65
T402 37511.7黄流组020滨海1.77
T503 27215.9梅山组120滨海1.6
T603 80323三亚组01湖泊1.54
Tg8 73445岭头组00湖泊1.61
), ArticleFig(id=1215337926498636489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212069462593901009, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The decompaction parameters of the Yinggehai Basin[13]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩性骨架密度/(g·cm−2初始孔隙度/%压实系数/(m−1)
泥岩2.72660.000 932
砂岩2.65390.000 303
灰岩2.71710.000 071
), ArticleFig(id=1215337926611882704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212069462593901009, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

莺歌海盆地去压实参数表[13]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩性骨架密度/(g·cm−2初始孔隙度/%压实系数/(m−1)
泥岩2.72660.000 932
砂岩2.65390.000 303
灰岩2.71710.000 071
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莺歌海盆地新生代构造沉积演化及动力学机制分析
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蒋国忠 1 , 谢辉 1, 2, 3, * , 赵中贤 4 , 石红才 1, 2, 3 , 潘荟 1
海洋学报 | 论文 2023,45(12): 44-57
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海洋学报 | 论文 2023, 45(12): 44-57
莺歌海盆地新生代构造沉积演化及动力学机制分析
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蒋国忠1 , 谢辉1, 2, 3, * , 赵中贤4, 石红才1, 2, 3, 潘荟1
作者信息
  • 1 广东海洋大学 化学与环境学院,广东 湛江 524088
  • 2 广东海洋大学 海洋与气象学院 近海海洋变化与灾害预警实验室,广东 湛江 524088
  • 3 广东海洋大学 广东省高等学校陆架及深远海气候、资源与环境重点实验室,广东 湛江 524088
  • 4 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 边缘海与大洋地质重点实验室,广东 广州 510301
  • 蒋国忠(1998—),男,安徽省滁州市人,研究方向为海洋地球物理与盆地分析。E-mai1:

通讯作者:

*谢辉(1987—),男,博士,讲师,研究方向为大陆边缘构造与盆地分析。E-mail:
Analysis of the Cenozoic tectonic sedimentary evolution and its dynamic mechanism in the Yinggehai Basin
Guozhong Jiang1 , Hui Xie1, 2, 3, * , Zhongxian Zhao4, Hongcai Shi1, 2, 3, Hui Pan1
Affiliations
  • 1College of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
  • 2Laboratory for Coastal Ocean Variation and Disaster Prediction, College of Ocean and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
  • 3Key Laboratory of Climate, Resources and Environment in Continental Shelf and Deep Sea of Department of Education of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
  • 4Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
出版时间: 2023-12-31 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023103
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南海西北陆缘构造演化极其复杂,受到红河断裂、海南地幔柱和南海形成演化等多种因素的控制。莺歌海盆地位于南海西北部,发育了巨厚的新生代沉积物,详细记录了南海西北陆缘新生代的演化历史。但是莺歌海盆地新生代以来主要受到何种构造因素的控制目前还不太清楚。本文在莺歌海盆地较为均匀地选择了7口钻井和23口模拟井,通过空盆构造沉降方法重建了莺歌海盆地的构造沉降量、构造沉降速率和沉积速率,同时运用重力反演方法模拟了莺歌海盆地深部地壳结构,并结合前人研究成果进行了综合分析。结果发现莺歌海盆地在裂陷期(45~23 Ma BP),盆地北部和中部沉降速率较大,南部沉降速率较小;在裂后期(23~0 Ma BP), 盆地北部和中部沉降速率存在两期“台阶式”上升,分别为23~11.7 Ma BP和11.7 Ma BP至今,北部裂后期构造沉降速率最大可达80 m/Ma,中部最大可达110 m/Ma;南部地堑和隆起裂后期分别在11.7~5.7 Ma BP和15.9~11.7 Ma BP构造沉降速率最大可达70 m/Ma。莺歌海盆地新生代整体上表现为沉降速率与沉积速率变化基本一致,说明构造沉降对沉积速率具有显著的控制作用。重力反演发现莺歌海盆地可能存在下地壳高密度异常体,结合盆地沉积物内部钻遇玄武岩,我们推测下地壳高密度异常体为基性侵入体。通过与南海周边其他沉积盆地沉降速率对比发现,几乎所有盆地都在中中新世−晚中新世(15.9~11.7 Ma BP)发生了加速沉降事件,我们认为这可能跟南海海盆停止扩张导致大陆边缘次生地幔对流消失有关。莺歌海盆地5.7 Ma BP至今的加速沉降则可能与红河断裂右旋走滑活动有关。

莺歌海盆地  /  红河断裂  /  构造沉积演化  /  重力反演

The tectonic evolution of the northwestern continental margin of the South China Sea were controlled by many factors, such as the Red River Fault, the Hainan mantle plume and the formation and evolution of the South China Sea. The Yinggehai Basin is located in the northwest of the South China Sea, where thick Cenozoic sediments were deposited. The Cenozoic evolution history of the northwestern continental margin of the South China Sea was recorded in detail in the Yinggehai Basin. However, which factor has mainly controlled the evolution of the Yinggehai Basin since the Cenozoic is still ambiguous. In this paper, 7 drilling wells and 23 simulated wells were selected in the Yinggehai Basin, and the sedimentation rate and subsidence rate of the Yinggehai Basin were reconstructed by empty basin tectonic subsidence analysis method. The deep structure of the Yinggehai Basin was simulated by gravity inversion method based on previous study. The results show that during the rift period, the subsidence rate of the Yinggehai Basin in the north and middle sections is larger than in the south section. There are two stages of “step acceleration subsidence” in the north and middle sections, which are 23–11.7 Ma BP and 11.7 Ma BP–present, respectively. The maximum tectonic subsidence rate can be up to 80 m/Ma in the post rift stage in the north section and about 110 m/Ma in the middle section. The maximum tectonic subsidence rate of the Southern Graben and Uplift is both close to 70 m/Ma during the periods of 11.7–5.7 Ma BP and 15.9–11.7 Ma BP, respectively. The Cenozoic subsidence of the Yinggehai Basin is consistent with the change of sedimentary rate, indicates that tectonic subsidence plays a significant role on sedimentary evolution. According to the results of gravity inversion, it may be lower crust high density anomaly intrusion underlying the Yinggehai Basin. We suggested it may be basic rock according to the drilling basalts in the sediments. By comparing with the subsidence rate of surrounding basins in the South China Sea, the acceleration subsidence in the 15.9–11.7 Ma BP may be related to the disappearance of secondary mantle convection due to the ceasing of the seafloor spreading of the South China Sea. The 5.7 Ma BP–present accelerated subsidence of the Yinggehai Basin may be related to the dextral strike-slip activity of the Red River Fault.

Yinggehai Basin  /  Red River Fault  /  tectonic sedimentary evolution  /  gravity inversion
蒋国忠, 谢辉, 赵中贤, 石红才, 潘荟. 莺歌海盆地新生代构造沉积演化及动力学机制分析. 海洋学报, 2023 , 45 (12) : 44 -57 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2023103
Guozhong Jiang, Hui Xie, Zhongxian Zhao, Hongcai Shi, Hui Pan. Analysis of the Cenozoic tectonic sedimentary evolution and its dynamic mechanism in the Yinggehai Basin[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2023 , 45 (12) : 44 -57 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2023103
南海作为西太平洋最大的边缘海,处于欧亚板块、太平洋板块、印度–澳大利亚板块的交界处,其形成演化受到三大板块的相互作用和制约,构造发育史复杂,一直是地学界研究的热点区域。南海北部发育了一系列含油气丰富的新生代沉积盆地,包括北部湾盆地、莺歌海盆地、琼东南盆地、珠江口盆地和台西南盆地等[1]。南海西北陆缘构造演化极其复杂,受到红河断裂、海南地幔柱和南海形成演化等多种因素的控制。莺歌海盆地位于南海西北部,被红河断裂带贯穿。莺歌海盆地新生代沉积厚度达17 km[23],完整地记录了红河断裂带新生代的活动历史。目前对红河断裂带陆上部分进行了较为深入的研究,获得了很多重要的认识,但是海上部分存在很多的争论[49]。一般认为莺歌海盆地的形成跟红河断裂带走滑运动密切相关,主要受到印支地块挤出逃逸的影响,是一个走滑–拉分盆地[1011]。前人研究发现琼东南盆地和珠江口盆地在沉降方面表现出幕式变化特征[1215],莺歌海盆地沉降研究也发现了类似的幕式变化特征,盆地中北部可以划分出3个沉降幕,分别是:45~28 Ma BP为第一沉降幕,28~5.5 Ma BP为第二沉降幕,5.5 Ma BP至今为第三沉降幕,并且3个沉降幕都表现出由快到慢的变化特征[1617]。但是前人研究主要集中在莺歌海盆地北部临高凸起和中部中央凹陷中北部,而对盆地南部广义地堑及广乐隆起的构造沉积演化特征认识还不太清楚。这无疑影响了我们对整个莺歌海盆地构造沉积演化全面系统的认识。而且,虽然前人认为红河断裂走滑运动控制了莺歌海盆地形成演化过程[18],但红河断裂带对莺歌海盆地新生代各时期构造沉降和沉积的具体影响目前还不太清楚,莺歌海盆地新生代以来主要受到何种构造因素的控制也还需要进一步深入研究。因此,本文拟在前人研究的基础上,通过对莺歌海盆地7口高分辨率的精细地层钻井和23口模拟井进行回剥分析,定量获取了整个莺歌海盆地新生代各时期的构造沉降速率和沉积速率特征并探讨了其成因机制。这不仅可以进一步完善对莺歌海盆地新生代构造沉积演化的认识,而且还可以进一步完善对南海西北部甚至整个南海北部陆缘形成演化的认识,同时为莺歌海盆地的油气勘探提供理论指导。
莺歌海盆地位于南海西北部,北接华南地块,南邻中建南盆地,西侧为印支地块,东侧为海南岛,受印支地块挤出作用和红河断裂带控制,整体呈NW–SE向展布,形状大致为菱形,面积超过11 × 104 km2图1)。盆地内部可分为8个构造单元:由北向南依次为河内凹陷、临高凸起、中央凹陷、广义地堑、中建凸起和广乐隆起,东西侧分别为莺东斜坡和莺西斜坡,其中莺西斜坡中部在渐新世末–早中新世发育了顺化子盆地[19],各构造单元被穿插其中的断裂系统分隔(图1)。莺歌海盆地新生代演化经历了裂陷期和裂后期两个阶段,T60界面根据钻井古生物资料标定年龄为23 Ma BP,其上下发育两套不同特征的沉积地层,被定义为破裂不整合面,是裂陷期与裂后期的界限[16]。盆地新生代最大沉积厚度超过17 km,地层由老到新分别为始新世岭头组、渐新世崖城组和陵水组、中新世三亚组、梅山组和黄流组、上新世莺歌海组和更新世乐东组地层,陆续发育了河流、湖泊、扇三角洲、滨浅海和半深海沉积体系[18, 2021]
自Tapponnier等[2223]提出印支地块“挤出–逃逸模式”以来,许多学者对红河断裂带走滑活动历史进行了研究。大部分学者认为红河断裂带右旋走滑主要发生在10~5 Ma BP之后[5, 2429]。关于左旋走滑年代存在一定的争议,张连生和钟大赉[30]用U-Pb法对红河断裂带左旋走滑活动进行了精细年代学分析,认为这一活动至少是从35~22 Ma BP开始,与南海张开的时间大致吻合;李朝阳等[5]认为55 Ma BP以来,红河断裂带缓慢左旋走滑,34~17 Ma BP红河断裂带进入左旋走滑的主要活动期,17~5 Ma BP红河断裂带由左旋走滑向右旋走滑转变;孙桂华等[28]通过分析莺歌海盆地沉积中心变化规律,认为红河断裂带在30~15.5 Ma BP进行左旋走滑活动,15.5~5.5 Ma BP是左旋走滑活动向右旋走滑活动转换阶段;黄学猛等[31]根据哀牢山–红河断裂带滇西北尾端、莺歌海东南尾端构造转换及年代研究,认为断裂带左旋韧性变形结束的时代为13 Ma BP,左/右行构造转换的时间为13~10 Ma BP,右旋走滑启动的时间上限为10 Ma BP。
本文主要运用Zhao等[32]基于Watts和Ryan[33]的回剥分析法提出的空盆构造沉降方法计算盆地的空盆构造沉降量及空盆构造沉降速率和沉积速率,同时结合重力反演方法对莺歌海盆地深部地壳结构进行模拟,研究莺歌海盆地新生代构造沉积演化特征。回剥分析法主要是运用于沉积盆地的定量分析,该方法是基于艾里地壳均衡理论,通过去压实校正获得地层沉积速率,通过去压实校正、均衡校正、古水深校正和海平面变化校正等获得盆地的构造沉降和沉降速率[33]。Zhao等[32]在前人的研究基础上继续去除了水负载的影响,得到了完全由地球内部动力所引起的盆地基底构造沉降变化,公式如下:
$ TS=ST+PWD \text{,} $
$ EBS=ST\times \frac{{\rho }_{{\mathrm{m}}}-{\rho }_{{\mathrm{s}}}}{{\rho }_{{\mathrm{m}}}}+PWD\times \frac{{\rho }_{{\mathrm{m}}}-{\rho }_{{\mathrm{w}}}}{{\rho }_{{\mathrm{m}}}}-\Delta BL \text{,} $
$ \begin{split}{EBS R}_{k-n}=\;&[\left({ST}_{n}-{ST}_{k}\right)\times \frac{{\rho }_{{\mathrm{m}}}-{\rho }_{{\mathrm{s}}}}{{\rho }_{{\mathrm{m}}}}+({PWD}_{n}-{PWD}_{k})\;\times \\ &\frac{{\rho }_{{\mathrm{m}}}-{\rho }_{{\mathrm{w}}}}{{\rho }_{{\mathrm{m}}}}-({BL}_{n}-{BL}_{k}\left)\right]/(k-n)\text{,} \end{split}$
式中,$ TS $为总沉降;$ ST $为沉积物厚度;$ PWD $为古水深;$ EBS $为空盆构造沉降;$ EBS R $为空盆构造沉降速率;$ {\rho }_{{\mathrm{m}}}、{\rho }_{{\mathrm{s}}} $$ {\rho }_{{\mathrm{w}}} $分别为地幔、沉积物和水的密度;$ \Delta BL $为海平面变化;$ k,n $为沉降过程中任意两个时间段(k > n)。
本文选取两条重力剖面AA′和BB′(图1),利用空间重力异常数据进行人机交互最优化物性反演,在岩石物性研究的基础上,地壳浅部以收集到的穿越盆地多道反射地震资料为约束[3435],而深部结构参考了部分OBH剖面结果[36],构建研究剖面的初始重力模型,通过迭代拟合,反演得到莺歌海盆地深部结构。
前人的研究主要位于莺歌海盆地中北部及靠近海南岛一侧的区域,南部及靠近越南一侧区域研究较少。为了比较全面的分析莺歌海盆地的构造沉积演化特征,在盆地较为均匀分布的选择了7口钻井(LG1120、LT111A、CVX-1X、KT-1X、CH-1X、CS-1X、CM-1X)和23口模拟井(W1–W23)进行回剥分析,其中LG1120、CVX-1X、CH-1X、W3、W22、W23位于隆起区,LT11A1、CS-1X、CM-1X、W2、W4–W8、W10–W20位于凹陷区,W1、W9和KT-1X位于西部斜坡区,具体位置见图1。钻井和模拟井界面深度数据(地震资料)由中国海洋石油集团有限公司采集,来源于公开发表的文献[19, 21, 3435, 3740],并通过时深转换获得[41]。由于盆地新生代以来沉积物巨厚,部分钻井并未钻遇基底,通过前人获得的沉积物厚度图[2]加上现今水深可以获得盆地基底深度图,未钻遇基底的钻井及模拟井即按此深度作为基底深度。这可能导致裂陷期沉积物厚度存在一定的不确定性,因此本论文只重点分析盆地裂后期的构造沉积演化特征。模拟井地层岩性都延用附近钻井的地层岩性数据。但需要注意的是,钻井地层岩性多为新近纪之后,新近纪之前的岩性则采用前人文献中莺歌海盆地地层综合柱状图中的地层岩性数据[42]
莺歌海盆地基底的年龄由于缺乏钻井古生物资料的约束并不清楚。Clift和 Sun[2]通过对盆地最古老的沉积岩年龄的确定,发现初始沉降的时间为45 Ma BP左右,因此本文基底年龄采用45 Ma BP,其余各界面年龄都源于钻井岩芯古生物化石带组合的分析,可见于公开发表的文献[43]。古水深作为回剥分析中十分重要的参数,一般通过沉积相估算[13]。本文所采用的古水深为前人利用钻井古生物资料为约束辅以比例补偿和将今论古的方法绘制的莺歌海盆地古水深图,具体可见公开发表的文献[18, 21, 39, 43]。全球海平面变化数据采用Miller等[44]公开发表的全球海平面变化曲线数据。其中钻井LG1120的数据具体可见表1,另外为了保证压实结果的可靠性,本文选取的压实参数与前人对于南海北部研究的压实参数保持一致,具体可见表2
重力反演选取的莺歌海盆地地震剖面(AA′和BB′)由中国海洋石油集团有限公司采集,来源于公开发表的文献[3435],具体位置见图1。重力异常数据来源于全球1分自由空间重力异常数据[45]。本文将始新世岭头组、渐新世崖城组和陵水组、中新世三亚组、梅山组和黄流组、上新世莺歌海组、更新世乐东组地层简化为古近纪和新近纪两套沉积地层,分别代表莺歌海盆地裂陷期和裂后期的沉积地层。
根据前人研究成果,莺歌海盆地T60(23 Ma BP)为裂陷期和裂后期的分界面[16]。本文将莺歌海盆地划分成北部、中部和南部3个部分进行讨论(图1),北部包括河内凹陷、临高凸起、两侧斜坡的北部和中央凹陷的北部,发育有红河断裂、沪江断裂、斋河断裂、齐江断裂、秀丽断裂、黑水河断裂、马江断裂、莺东断裂、东方断裂、莺西断裂等;中部包括中央凹陷的大部分区域和两侧斜坡区的中部,发育有1号断裂和长山断裂带;南部包括中建凸起、广乐隆起和广义地堑,发育有中建东断裂、中建西断裂和越东断裂。北部井位为LG1120、W1–W10,中部井位为LT-1X、KT-1X、W11–W19,南部井位为CVX-1X、CH-1X、CS-1X、CM-1X、W20–W23。
图2可以看出,莺歌海盆地北部裂陷期最大沉降量在2 200 m左右,中部裂陷期最大沉降量在1700 m左右,南部裂陷期最大沉降量在1400 m左右。整体来看,凹陷区沉降量最大,两侧斜坡区次之,隆起区沉降量最小。盆地中部靠近两侧断裂带的一些井位如LT11A1、W14、W15、W17等裂陷期沉降量都在600 m以内,靠近凹陷中心的井位裂陷期沉降量在1 000~1 600 m。盆地南部东侧广乐隆起的井位裂陷期沉降量不超过300 m,西侧广义地堑裂陷期沉降量在300~1 100 m,CS-1X井位位于二者之间的中建西断裂上,裂陷期沉降量约为600 m。从图3可以看出,北部凹陷区井位裂陷期沉降速率普遍在60~100 m/Ma,北部斜坡区裂陷期沉降速率小于30 m/Ma,北部隆起区裂陷期沉降速率约为10 m/Ma(W3)。盆地中部凹陷中心裂陷期沉降速率普遍在50~80 m/Ma,靠近两侧斜坡区和断裂带的井位裂陷期沉降速率较低,仅为20~30 m/Ma。盆地南部隆起区裂陷期沉降速率为全区最低,沉降速率不超过10 m/Ma,南部地堑区裂陷期降速率普遍在30~60 m/Ma。
图2可以看出,莺歌海盆地北部裂后期沉降量最小,南部次之,中部最大。北部裂后期沉降量在400~500 m之间,中部裂后期沉降量主要集中在600~1 300 m之间,南部裂后期沉降量集中在700~1 000 m之间。从图3可以看出,莺歌海盆地裂后期表现出明显的幕式沉降特征,北部和中部裂后期沉降速率表现出两期加速和两期慢速的特征:15.9~11.7 Ma BP和5.7 Ma BP至今表现为加速沉降,沉降速率最大超过100 m/Ma;23~15.9 Ma BP和11.7~5.7 Ma BP表现为慢速沉降,沉降速率普遍低于40 m/Ma。南部地堑区裂后期沉降速率表现为一期加速和两期慢速的特征:11.7~5.7 Ma BP为加速沉降期,沉降速率可达70 m/Ma;23~11.7 Ma BP和5.7 Ma BP至今表现为慢速沉降,沉降速率普遍低于30 m/Ma。南部隆起区裂后期沉降速率明显高于裂陷期,沉降速率普高于40 m/Ma。
图4可以看出,莺歌海盆地北部凹陷区裂陷期沉积速率普遍在250~500 m/Ma,斜坡或者隆起区的沉积速率普遍小于150 m/Ma;中部凹陷区裂陷期沉积速率普遍大于200 m/Ma,斜坡区裂陷期沉积速率普遍小于100 m/Ma;南部裂陷期沉积速率普遍较低,尤其是南部隆起区沉积速率不超过50 m/Ma,南部地堑区沉积速率高于隆起区,但也不超过200 m/Ma。
图4可以看出,莺歌海盆地裂后期沉积速率变化特征跟沉降速率变化特征基本一致。盆地北部15.9~11.7 Ma BP和5.7 Ma BP至今表现为快速沉积,沉积速率普遍超过200 m/Ma,最大可达500 m/Ma;23~15.9 Ma BP和11.7~5.7 Ma BP表现为慢速沉积,沉积速率普遍小于200 m/Ma。盆地中部15.9~11.7 Ma BP和5.7 Ma BP至今表现为快速沉积,沉积速率普遍超过300 m/Ma,最大可超过900 m/Ma;23~15.9 Ma BP和11.7~5.7 Ma BP表现为慢速沉积,沉积速率普遍小于300 m/Ma,但部分区域可达600 m/Ma。盆地南部隆起区整个裂后期沉积速率都不超过200 m/Ma。南部地堑区在11.7~5.7 Ma BP表现为快速沉积,沉积速率最高可达400 m/Ma,而在23~11.7 Ma BP和5.7 Ma BP至今表现为慢速沉积,沉积速率普遍低于200 m/Ma。
莺歌海盆地重力反演模型包括了海水层、新近纪沉积层、古近纪沉积层、地壳和地幔。重力反演结果如图5所示,A–A′剖面位于莺歌海盆地北部,测线总长度约为210 km。沉积物中间厚,两侧薄,新生代沉积物最厚处出现在测线约55~70 km和100 km处,约为12 km。地壳厚度特征与沉积物相反,呈现出两侧厚,中间薄的特征。假设初始地壳厚度为30 km,现今地壳最薄处约为12 km,最大伸展系数约为2.5。结果发现A–A′剖面中部下地壳可能存在高密度异常体侵入,长度约为80 km,深度范围在18~28 km。
B–B′剖面位于盆地中部靠近海南岛一侧,总长度约为130 km。沉积物和地壳厚度特征与北部类似,沉积物中间厚,两侧薄,新生代沉积物最厚处出现在测线约50 km处,约为16 km。地壳则呈现出中间薄,两侧厚的特征。假设初始地壳厚度为30 km,现今地壳最薄处约为6 km,中间最大伸展系数约为5。从反演结果来看,B–B′剖面也可能存在下地壳高密度异常体侵入,且范围更大,长度约为100 km,深度在18~25 km。
南海被印度板块、欧亚板块和太平洋板块包围,这三大板块之间的相互作用导致了青藏高原的隆起、红河断裂的走滑运动和南海的扩张等几个特殊的地质过程,这些过程影响了莺歌海盆地构造沉降和沉积的演化[46]。分别将莺歌海盆地北部、中部、南部地堑和南部隆起4个区域各井在各个时期的构造沉降速率分别相加然后除以各区域内的井数,可以获得莺歌海盆地各区域各个时期构造沉降速率的算术平均值,并绘制了平均构造沉降速率图(图6)。我们用同样的方法绘制了总沉降平均速率和平均沉积速率图(图6)。从图6中可以看出莺歌海盆地平均沉积速率与平均构造沉降速率呈现出了明显的正相关响应关系,沉积速率与沉降速率变化总体保持同步。这说明莺歌海盆地新生代构造沉降对沉积速率有着显著的控制作用。
图6可以看出,莺歌海盆地在15.9~11.7 Ma BP和5.7 Ma BP至今是两期明显的快速沉积期,平均沉积速率最大可超过400 m/Ma。盆地沉积速率主要与可容纳空间和沉积物源以及离岸距离远近等因素有关,可容纳空间主要跟盆地沉降和海平面变化有关[12]。莺歌海盆地的物源主要由3个部分组成:由于印度–欧亚板块碰撞导致的青藏高原隆起[47]并通过红河带来的碎屑物质,越南中部隆起带来的硅质碎屑沉积物[37]和海南岛隆起带来的物质[21]。而自30 Ma BP以来,由红河流域带来的沉积物对莺歌海盆地的沉积泥沙贡献约占80%,剩下的20%则来自海南岛和越南东缘[48]。东亚夏季风的变化是影响莺歌海盆地物源供给的重要因素。研究表明[49],在21 Ma BP之后东亚夏季风逐渐加强,气候开始变得温暖湿润,风化侵蚀显著加强,红河流域带来的沉积物显著增多;另外,在15.5~10 Ma BP期间,越南逐渐隆升,东亚夏季风增强也将导致越南隆起带来的沉积物增多;同时在15.9~11.7 Ma BP盆地加速沉降,产生了大量的可容纳空间,因而形成了莺歌海盆地15.9~11.7 Ma BP快速沉积期。在10~4 Ma BP期间,东亚夏季风逐渐减弱,红河流域沉积物通量减少,盆地沉积速率有所下降。4 Ma BP至今,东亚夏季风又逐渐增强,红河流域带来的沉积物增多;另外,5 Ma BP以来,海南岛发生隆升,风化侵蚀加剧,流入盆地的沉积物显著增加[48];同时在5.7 Ma BP至今盆地加速沉降,产生了大量的可容纳空间,因而形成了莺歌海盆地5.7 Ma BP至今快速沉积期。总体而言,莺歌海盆地的沉积物来源比较充足,盆地的沉积速率除了受到东亚季风的影响之外,主要受到构造沉降的控制。
裂后期(23~0 Ma BP)以来,莺歌海盆地主要有两期加速沉降:15.9~11.7 Ma BP和5.7 Ma BP至今(图3图6)。在15.9~11.7 Ma BP,盆地最大空盆构造沉降速率可达110 m/Ma;在5.7 Ma BP至今,盆地最大空盆构造沉降速率可达90 m/Ma(图3)。第一期加速沉降(15.9~11.7 Ma BP)出现在南海扩张结束(15 Ma BP)以后,这可能跟南海扩张结束以后大陆边缘次生地幔对流消失有关。数值模拟实验表明,海底扩张过程中,洋中脊以下发生主地幔对流,而大陆边缘由于岩石圈厚度的变化会引起岩石圈底部横向温度梯度的变化,从而在大陆边缘岩石圈底部引发次生地幔对流[5051]。通过前人绘制的莺歌海盆地基底深度图[2]和莫霍面深度图[52]可以发现盆地地壳厚度最薄处在沉积中心不足10 km,从沉积中心向外围地壳厚度逐渐增加,外围厚度为20~24 km。岩石圈厚度显著变化可能导致了岩石圈底部显著的横向温度梯度的变化,这可能引发大陆边缘岩石圈底部次生地幔对流。海底扩张停止以后,洋中脊的主地幔对流会消失,大陆边缘岩石圈底部的次生地幔对流也会跟随着消失,南海周缘盆地将产生快速沉降(图7)。如图8所示,前人研究发现北部湾盆地、琼东南盆地、珠江口盆地、中建南盆地、万安盆地西部南昆嵩地区和曾母盆地等在15.9~11.7 Ma BP都出现了不同程度的沉降速率上升[12, 5356]。这进一步佐证了由于大陆边缘岩石圈底部次生地幔对流消失导致南海周边盆地都在15.9~11.7 Ma BP发生加速沉降的现象。
5.7 Ma BP至今,莺歌海盆地北部和中部沉降速率的上升可能和红河断裂右旋运动[46]有关。在5 Ma BP前后,红河断裂发生了明显的右旋走滑[6],同时在北部湾盆地、琼东南盆地、中建南盆地、万安盆地、曾母盆地等沿着红河断裂分布的盆地在5.7 Ma BP至今都发生了加速沉降的现象,而在远离红河断裂的珠江口盆地等地区在5.7 Ma BP至今没有发现加速沉降现象,反而表现为沉降速率略有下降的现象,这说明莺歌海盆地在5.7 Ma BP至今的加速沉降可能与红河断裂右旋走滑活动有关(图8)。
莺歌海盆地北部和中部剖面重力反演模拟均指示有下地壳高密度体的存在,而且盆地中部分布更为广泛(图5)。Zhao 等[57]通过多尺度全球层析成像技术发现整个东南亚下方地幔都存在低VP(地震波纵波速度)异常,而海南岛下方的低VP异常最强,文献认为这些低VP异常是地幔上涌中的分支,并认为存在海南地幔柱。前人研究发现东南亚新生代板内玄武岩岩浆活动活跃[58],尤其是雷琼地区在晚中新世发生深部岩浆上涌,形成地壳穹窿,其顶部区域地层被剥蚀;晚中新世–上新世,开始爆发火山活动;至第四纪爆发大规模火山活动并导致雷琼地区出露地表[53]。研究认为雷琼地区玄武岩是地幔柱成因,雷琼地区火山活动跟海南地幔柱有密切的联系[59]。我们通过对莺歌海盆地深部结构进行重力反演,发现盆地下方可能存在下地壳高密度异常体。前人在广义地堑发现了火山丘,并且钻井CM-1X钻遇了500多米的玄武岩[37],因此可以认为莺歌海盆地下地壳高密度体可能是基性侵入体,比如跟玄武岩对应的侵入岩—辉长岩等。海南地幔柱活动时期,部分岩浆喷出地表,形成地幔柱成因的玄武岩;另外一部分岩浆侵入地壳,形成基性侵入体,也就是盆地下方的下地壳高密度异常体。
本文基于空盆构造沉降技术获得了莺歌海盆地新生代空盆构造沉降速率和沉积速率,并结合重力反演技术对莺歌海盆地进行了深部地壳结构模拟,主要得到了以下结论:
(1)莺歌海盆地新生代以来沉积速率与沉降速率变化总体呈现出正相关响应关系,发育两期明显的快速沉积同时也是快速沉降期:15.9~11.7 Ma BP和5.7 Ma BP至今。
(2)莺歌海盆地15.9~11.7 Ma BP的快速沉降事件可能与南海扩张结束导致大陆边缘岩石圈底部的次生地幔对流消失有关;而5.7 Ma BP至今的快速沉降事件可能与红河断裂右旋走滑活动有关。
(3)重力反演结果发现莺歌海盆地存在下地壳高密度异常体,推测为基性侵入体,可能跟海南地幔柱有关。
  • 广东省自然科学基金项目(2023A1515030124,2016A030310331);国家自然科学基金项目(41606065,41704085);中国科学院边缘海地质重点实验室开放基金项目(MSGL15-02);广东海洋大学博士启动基金项目;广东海洋大学海洋科学科研团队项目(002026002004)。
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2023年第45卷第12期
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doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023103
  • 接收时间:2023-06-15
  • 首发时间:2025-12-28
  • 出版时间:2023-12-31
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  • 收稿日期:2023-06-15
  • 修回日期:2023-09-13
基金
广东省自然科学基金项目(2023A1515030124,2016A030310331);国家自然科学基金项目(41606065,41704085);中国科学院边缘海地质重点实验室开放基金项目(MSGL15-02);广东海洋大学博士启动基金项目;广东海洋大学海洋科学科研团队项目(002026002004)。
作者信息
    1 广东海洋大学 化学与环境学院,广东 湛江 524088
    2 广东海洋大学 海洋与气象学院 近海海洋变化与灾害预警实验室,广东 湛江 524088
    3 广东海洋大学 广东省高等学校陆架及深远海气候、资源与环境重点实验室,广东 湛江 524088
    4 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 边缘海与大洋地质重点实验室,广东 广州 510301

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*谢辉(1987—),男,博士,讲师,研究方向为大陆边缘构造与盆地分析。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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