Article(id=1212062661219586623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1212062657901892140, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12284/hyxb2023158, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1684339200000, receivedDateStr=2023-05-18, revisedDate=1689868800000, revisedDateStr=2023-07-21, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766907857470, onlineDateStr=2025-12-28, pubDate=1701273600000, pubDateStr=2023-11-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766907857470, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766907857470, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766907857470, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1212062657901892140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2023', volume='45', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='87', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766907856679, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766924796702, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1212133709554258162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1212062657901892140, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1212133709554258163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1212062657901892140, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=76, endPage=87, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1212062661450273349, articleId=1212062661219586623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Intertidal crabs (Decapoda: Brachyura) species diversity and distribution in Qi’ao Island, Zhujiang River Estuary, columnId=1194652705852465724, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The Zhujiang River Estuary is located in the northern South China Sea. It has a wide intertidal zone and a high diversity of intertidal macrobenthos. However, most of the previous intertidal-related studies and intertidal species records were carried out on the east coast of the Zhujiang River Estuary, while studies on the west coast of the Zhujiang River Estuary were relatively scarce. From 2021 to 2023, a comprehensive survey focus on Brachyura (crabs), one of the main groups of intertidal macrobenthos, was conducted in the intertidal zone of Qi’ao Island, Zhuhai City, western Zhujiang River Estuary. Combined with the collection and revision of species recorded in previous studies, an updated checklist of intertidal crabs in Qi’ao Island was created, and the ecological and geographical distribution of these crab species were described. A total of 90 specimens were colleted and 31 species from 10 families and 21 genera were identified. Seventeen species (e.g. Orisarma patshuni and Anomalifrons lightana) were new to the Qi’ao Island, and one species (Hemigrapsus takanoi) were new to the Zhujiang River Estuary. The updated checklist includes 48 intertidal crab species belonging to 13 families and 29 genera, among which Sesarmidae (10 species), Varunidae (10) and Ocypodidae (8) are the three most species-rich families. The crab fauna composition of the island is mainly composed of East Asian endemic taxa and Indo-West Pacific/West Pacific widespread taxa, showing overwhelming East Asian warm water characteristics. Mudflats and mangroves are the most abundant habitat types for crab species on the island. Our results has increased the number of intertidal crab species on the west coast of the Zhujiang River Estuary from 31 to 55 species, which is the same as the number of species recorded in Shenzhen Bay on the east coast of the Zhujiang River Estuary. The total number of intertidal crab species recorded in the Zhujiang River Estuary has reached 77 species in 14 families and 38 genera, of which 33 species (42.9%) has been reported on both the east and west coasts.

, correspAuthors=Liang Hu, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2023 Pratacultural Science. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Weinuo Liang, Kehong He, Liang Hu), CN=ArticleExt(id=1212062662125556321, articleId=1212062661219586623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=珠江口淇澳岛潮间带蟹类(十足目:短尾下目)物种多样性与分布, columnId=1149698756456657529, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

珠江口地处南海北部,滩涂资源丰富,潮间带大型底栖生物物种多样性高。然而,目前大部分潮间带相关研究和物种分布记录限于珠江口东岸,而对珠江口西岸的潮间带研究相对缺乏。本文以潮间带大型底栖生物主要类群短尾下目(蟹类)为研究对象,于2021−2023年间对位于珠江口西岸的珠海市淇澳岛全岛潮间带蟹类区系进行了普查,并结合历史资料对记录物种进行整理和校订,更新了淇澳岛潮间带蟹类物种名录,并对其生境与地理分布特点进行了分析。本研究共采集蟹类标本90号,分属10科21属31种,其中帕氏东方相手蟹(Orisarma patshuni)、莱氏异额蟹(Anomalifrons lightana)等17种为淇澳岛新记录,高野近方蟹(Hemigrapsus takanoi)为珠江口新记录。结合历史记录,目前淇澳岛共记录潮间带蟹类13科29属48种,其中以相手蟹科(10种)、弓蟹科(10种)和沙蟹科(8种)的物种最为丰富;区系成分主要由东亚特有类群与印度−西太平洋或西太平洋沿岸分布类群构成,具有典型的东亚暖水性特征;各类生境中以泥质滩涂和红树林边缘的蟹类物种最为丰富。至本文止,珠江口西岸潮间带蟹类记录物种数已由31种提升至55种,与珠江口东岸记录物种数持平;珠江口两岸记录总数已达14科38属77种,其中两岸共有种(33种)占总种数的42.9%。

, correspAuthors=胡亮, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*胡亮,副教授,主要从事生物地理学与植物生态学研究。E-mail:
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梁伟诺(1997—),男,广东省梅州市人,主要研究方向为动物地理学。E-mail:

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梁伟诺(1997—),男,广东省梅州市人,主要研究方向为动物地理学。E-mail:

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articleId=1212062661219586623, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=甲壳动物), Keyword(id=1215334225352511702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062661219586623, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=河口蟹类), Keyword(id=1215334225411231960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062661219586623, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=红树林蟹类), Keyword(id=1215334225478340828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062661219586623, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=生境分布), Keyword(id=1215334225537061087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062661219586623, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=地理分布)], refs=[Reference(id=1215334226770186501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062661219586623, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, 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Ocean Geography of China[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2013., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215334234210882019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062661219586623, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=62, rfOrder=90, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Toonen R J, Bowen B W, Iacchei M, et al. Biogeography, marine[M]//Kliman R M. Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Biology, Vol. 1. Oxford: Academic Press, 2016: 166−178., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215334234273796582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062661219586623, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=63, rfOrder=91, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Briggs J C. Global Biogeography[M]. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1995., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215334234449957354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062661219586623, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=64, rfOrder=92, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Briggs J C. Coincident biogeographic patterns: Indo-West Pacific Ocean[J]. 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Checklist and distribution of intertidal crabs from Qi’ao Island

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物种1采样记录2管理局历史记录黄建荣等[28]
ABCDEFGHI
  注:1. *本研究新记录物种;#历史记录存疑种;2. 采样记录:A. 南芒湾;B. 牛仔湾;C. 东澳湾;D. 牛婆湾;E. 大沙澳;F. 第二斜湾;G. 井湾;H. 夹洲岛;I. 金星门;+代表采集到相关物种。
关公蟹科Dorippidae
熟练新关公蟹Neodorippe callida+
虎头蟹科Orithyiidae
中华虎头蟹Orithyia sinica *+
膜壳蟹科Hymenosomatidae
膜壳蟹亚科Hymenosomatinae
凹背新尖额蟹Neorhynchoplax introversa+
滨蟹属Halicarcinus sp.+
玉蟹科Leucosiidae
坚壳蟹亚科Ebaliinae
双疣肝突蟹Pyrhila biprotubera *+
毛刺蟹科Pilumnidae
毛刺蟹亚科Pilumninae
印度海神蟹Benthopanope indica++
梭子蟹科Portunidae
梭子蟹亚科Portuninae
拟曼赛因青蟹Scylla paramamosain+++
锯缘青蟹Scylla serrata#++
短桨蟹亚科Thalamitinae
钝齿蟳Charybdis (Charybdis) hellerii *+
方蟹科Grapsidae
四齿大额蟹Metopograpsus quadridentatus+++++++++
相手蟹科Sesarmidae
红螯螳臂相手蟹Chiromantes haematocheir++
带纹相手蟹Fasciarma fasciatum++
无齿东方相手蟹Orisarma dehaani+++++
帕氏东方相手蟹Orisarma patshuni*++
中华东方相手蟹Orisarma sinense+++++
近亲拟相手蟹Parasesarma affine++++++
大陆拟相手蟹Parasesarma continentale+++++++
精巧拟相手蟹Parasesarma exquisitum*+
斑点拟相手蟹Parasesarma pictum+++++
明显华相手蟹Sinosesarma tangi+++++
弓蟹科Varunidae
圆方蟹亚科Cyclograpsinae
隆背张口蟹Chasmagnathus convexus *+
侧足厚蟹Helice latimera+++++++
秀丽长方蟹Metaplax elegans+
长足长方蟹Metaplax longipes+++++++
蜞亚科Gaeticinae
平背蜞Gaetice depressus+
弓蟹亚科Varuninae
绒螯近方蟹Hemigrapsus penicillatus#++
肉球近方蟹Hemigrapsus sanguineus++
高野近方蟹Hemigrapsus takanoi*+++
字纹弓蟹Varuna litterata++
游氏弓蟹Varuna yui*++
毛带蟹科Dotillidae
毛带蟹亚科Dotillinae
韦氏毛带蟹Dotilla wichmanni *+
谭氏泥蟹Ilyoplax deschampsi#++
台湾泥蟹Ilyoplax formosensis *+
宁波泥蟹Ilyoplax ningpoensis++
泥蟹属Ilyoplax sp.+
大眼蟹科Macrophthalmidae
大眼蟹亚科Macrophthalminae
短身大眼蟹Macrophthalmus (Macrophthalmus) abbreviatus++
万岁大眼蟹Macrophthalmus (Mareotis) banzai*+
日本大眼蟹Macrophthalmus (Mareotis) japonicus#+
绒毛大眼蟹Macrophthalmus (Mareotis) tomentosus *++
悦目大眼蟹Macrophthalmus (Paramareotis) erato+++++
沙蟹科Ocypodidae
沙蟹亚科Ocypodinae
角眼沙蟹Ocypode ceratophthalmus *+++
痕掌沙蟹Ocypode stimpsoni#++
丑招潮亚科Gelasiminae
清白南方招潮Austruca lactea *+++
北方丑招潮Gelasimus borealis *++
丽彩拟瘦招潮Paraleptuca splendida++
锐刺管招潮Tubuca acuta*+
弧边管招潮Tubuca arcuata+++++
屠氏管招潮Tubuca dussumieri#+
丑招潮亚科Gelasiminae sp.+
短眼蟹科Xenophthalmidae
异额蟹亚科Anomalifrontinae
莱氏异额蟹Anomalifrons lightana*+
短眼蟹亚科Xenophthalminae
豆形短眼蟹Xenophthalmus pinnotheroides+
总计2313218916843223
), ArticleFig(id=1215334226208149749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062661219586623, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

淇澳岛潮间带蟹类名录及分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物种1采样记录2管理局历史记录黄建荣等[28]
ABCDEFGHI
  注:1. *本研究新记录物种;#历史记录存疑种;2. 采样记录:A. 南芒湾;B. 牛仔湾;C. 东澳湾;D. 牛婆湾;E. 大沙澳;F. 第二斜湾;G. 井湾;H. 夹洲岛;I. 金星门;+代表采集到相关物种。
关公蟹科Dorippidae
熟练新关公蟹Neodorippe callida+
虎头蟹科Orithyiidae
中华虎头蟹Orithyia sinica *+
膜壳蟹科Hymenosomatidae
膜壳蟹亚科Hymenosomatinae
凹背新尖额蟹Neorhynchoplax introversa+
滨蟹属Halicarcinus sp.+
玉蟹科Leucosiidae
坚壳蟹亚科Ebaliinae
双疣肝突蟹Pyrhila biprotubera *+
毛刺蟹科Pilumnidae
毛刺蟹亚科Pilumninae
印度海神蟹Benthopanope indica++
梭子蟹科Portunidae
梭子蟹亚科Portuninae
拟曼赛因青蟹Scylla paramamosain+++
锯缘青蟹Scylla serrata#++
短桨蟹亚科Thalamitinae
钝齿蟳Charybdis (Charybdis) hellerii *+
方蟹科Grapsidae
四齿大额蟹Metopograpsus quadridentatus+++++++++
相手蟹科Sesarmidae
红螯螳臂相手蟹Chiromantes haematocheir++
带纹相手蟹Fasciarma fasciatum++
无齿东方相手蟹Orisarma dehaani+++++
帕氏东方相手蟹Orisarma patshuni*++
中华东方相手蟹Orisarma sinense+++++
近亲拟相手蟹Parasesarma affine++++++
大陆拟相手蟹Parasesarma continentale+++++++
精巧拟相手蟹Parasesarma exquisitum*+
斑点拟相手蟹Parasesarma pictum+++++
明显华相手蟹Sinosesarma tangi+++++
弓蟹科Varunidae
圆方蟹亚科Cyclograpsinae
隆背张口蟹Chasmagnathus convexus *+
侧足厚蟹Helice latimera+++++++
秀丽长方蟹Metaplax elegans+
长足长方蟹Metaplax longipes+++++++
蜞亚科Gaeticinae
平背蜞Gaetice depressus+
弓蟹亚科Varuninae
绒螯近方蟹Hemigrapsus penicillatus#++
肉球近方蟹Hemigrapsus sanguineus++
高野近方蟹Hemigrapsus takanoi*+++
字纹弓蟹Varuna litterata++
游氏弓蟹Varuna yui*++
毛带蟹科Dotillidae
毛带蟹亚科Dotillinae
韦氏毛带蟹Dotilla wichmanni *+
谭氏泥蟹Ilyoplax deschampsi#++
台湾泥蟹Ilyoplax formosensis *+
宁波泥蟹Ilyoplax ningpoensis++
泥蟹属Ilyoplax sp.+
大眼蟹科Macrophthalmidae
大眼蟹亚科Macrophthalminae
短身大眼蟹Macrophthalmus (Macrophthalmus) abbreviatus++
万岁大眼蟹Macrophthalmus (Mareotis) banzai*+
日本大眼蟹Macrophthalmus (Mareotis) japonicus#+
绒毛大眼蟹Macrophthalmus (Mareotis) tomentosus *++
悦目大眼蟹Macrophthalmus (Paramareotis) erato+++++
沙蟹科Ocypodidae
沙蟹亚科Ocypodinae
角眼沙蟹Ocypode ceratophthalmus *+++
痕掌沙蟹Ocypode stimpsoni#++
丑招潮亚科Gelasiminae
清白南方招潮Austruca lactea *+++
北方丑招潮Gelasimus borealis *++
丽彩拟瘦招潮Paraleptuca splendida++
锐刺管招潮Tubuca acuta*+
弧边管招潮Tubuca arcuata+++++
屠氏管招潮Tubuca dussumieri#+
丑招潮亚科Gelasiminae sp.+
短眼蟹科Xenophthalmidae
异额蟹亚科Anomalifrontinae
莱氏异额蟹Anomalifrons lightana*+
短眼蟹亚科Xenophthalminae
豆形短眼蟹Xenophthalmus pinnotheroides+
总计2313218916843223
), ArticleFig(id=1215334226325590263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062661219586623, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Species composition of intertidal crab in Qi’ao Island and adjacent sites in the Zhujiang River Estuary

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
淇澳岛澳门[12, 2931]福田[2126]米埔[19, 27]各地与淇澳岛的共有种
澳门福田米埔
关公蟹科Dorippidae1
虎头蟹科Orithyiidae1
膜壳蟹科Hymenosomatidae1
玉蟹科Leucosiidae11
毛刺蟹科Pilumnidae1
梭子蟹科Portunidae3331131
方蟹科Grapsidae131
相手蟹科Sesarmidae10797655
弓蟹科Varunidae10476355
猴面蟹科Camptandriidae123
毛带蟹科Dotillidae4164131
大眼蟹科Macrophthalmidae5156113
沙蟹科Ocypodidae8456345
短眼蟹科Xenophthalmidae211
总计48224133152320
), ArticleFig(id=1215334226426253563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062661219586623, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

淇澳岛与珠江口内周边地点的潮间带蟹类物种组成比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
淇澳岛澳门[12, 2931]福田[2126]米埔[19, 27]各地与淇澳岛的共有种
澳门福田米埔
关公蟹科Dorippidae1
虎头蟹科Orithyiidae1
膜壳蟹科Hymenosomatidae1
玉蟹科Leucosiidae11
毛刺蟹科Pilumnidae1
梭子蟹科Portunidae3331131
方蟹科Grapsidae131
相手蟹科Sesarmidae10797655
弓蟹科Varunidae10476355
猴面蟹科Camptandriidae123
毛带蟹科Dotillidae4164131
大眼蟹科Macrophthalmidae5156113
沙蟹科Ocypodidae8456345
短眼蟹科Xenophthalmidae211
总计48224133152320
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珠江口淇澳岛潮间带蟹类(十足目:短尾下目)物种多样性与分布
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梁伟诺 1 , 何克宏 2 , 胡亮 1, *
海洋学报 | 论文 2023,45(11): 76-87
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海洋学报 | 论文 2023, 45(11): 76-87
珠江口淇澳岛潮间带蟹类(十足目:短尾下目)物种多样性与分布
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梁伟诺1 , 何克宏2, 胡亮1, *
作者信息
  • 1 中山大学 地理科学与规划学院,广东 广州 510006
  • 2 珠海淇澳−担杆岛省级自然保护区管理处,广东 珠海 519080
  • 梁伟诺(1997—),男,广东省梅州市人,主要研究方向为动物地理学。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*胡亮,副教授,主要从事生物地理学与植物生态学研究。E-mail:
Intertidal crabs (Decapoda: Brachyura) species diversity and distribution in Qi’ao Island, Zhujiang River Estuary
Weinuo Liang1 , Kehong He2, Liang Hu1, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
  • 2Management Bureau of Qi’ao-Dan’gan Island Provincial Nature Reserve, Zhuhai 519080, China
出版时间: 2023-11-30 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023158
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珠江口地处南海北部,滩涂资源丰富,潮间带大型底栖生物物种多样性高。然而,目前大部分潮间带相关研究和物种分布记录限于珠江口东岸,而对珠江口西岸的潮间带研究相对缺乏。本文以潮间带大型底栖生物主要类群短尾下目(蟹类)为研究对象,于2021−2023年间对位于珠江口西岸的珠海市淇澳岛全岛潮间带蟹类区系进行了普查,并结合历史资料对记录物种进行整理和校订,更新了淇澳岛潮间带蟹类物种名录,并对其生境与地理分布特点进行了分析。本研究共采集蟹类标本90号,分属10科21属31种,其中帕氏东方相手蟹(Orisarma patshuni)、莱氏异额蟹(Anomalifrons lightana)等17种为淇澳岛新记录,高野近方蟹(Hemigrapsus takanoi)为珠江口新记录。结合历史记录,目前淇澳岛共记录潮间带蟹类13科29属48种,其中以相手蟹科(10种)、弓蟹科(10种)和沙蟹科(8种)的物种最为丰富;区系成分主要由东亚特有类群与印度−西太平洋或西太平洋沿岸分布类群构成,具有典型的东亚暖水性特征;各类生境中以泥质滩涂和红树林边缘的蟹类物种最为丰富。至本文止,珠江口西岸潮间带蟹类记录物种数已由31种提升至55种,与珠江口东岸记录物种数持平;珠江口两岸记录总数已达14科38属77种,其中两岸共有种(33种)占总种数的42.9%。

甲壳动物  /  河口蟹类  /  红树林蟹类  /  生境分布  /  地理分布

The Zhujiang River Estuary is located in the northern South China Sea. It has a wide intertidal zone and a high diversity of intertidal macrobenthos. However, most of the previous intertidal-related studies and intertidal species records were carried out on the east coast of the Zhujiang River Estuary, while studies on the west coast of the Zhujiang River Estuary were relatively scarce. From 2021 to 2023, a comprehensive survey focus on Brachyura (crabs), one of the main groups of intertidal macrobenthos, was conducted in the intertidal zone of Qi’ao Island, Zhuhai City, western Zhujiang River Estuary. Combined with the collection and revision of species recorded in previous studies, an updated checklist of intertidal crabs in Qi’ao Island was created, and the ecological and geographical distribution of these crab species were described. A total of 90 specimens were colleted and 31 species from 10 families and 21 genera were identified. Seventeen species (e.g. Orisarma patshuni and Anomalifrons lightana) were new to the Qi’ao Island, and one species (Hemigrapsus takanoi) were new to the Zhujiang River Estuary. The updated checklist includes 48 intertidal crab species belonging to 13 families and 29 genera, among which Sesarmidae (10 species), Varunidae (10) and Ocypodidae (8) are the three most species-rich families. The crab fauna composition of the island is mainly composed of East Asian endemic taxa and Indo-West Pacific/West Pacific widespread taxa, showing overwhelming East Asian warm water characteristics. Mudflats and mangroves are the most abundant habitat types for crab species on the island. Our results has increased the number of intertidal crab species on the west coast of the Zhujiang River Estuary from 31 to 55 species, which is the same as the number of species recorded in Shenzhen Bay on the east coast of the Zhujiang River Estuary. The total number of intertidal crab species recorded in the Zhujiang River Estuary has reached 77 species in 14 families and 38 genera, of which 33 species (42.9%) has been reported on both the east and west coasts.

Crustaceans  /  estuarine crabs  /  mangrove crabs  /  ecological distribution  /  geographical distribution
梁伟诺, 何克宏, 胡亮. 珠江口淇澳岛潮间带蟹类(十足目:短尾下目)物种多样性与分布. 海洋学报, 2023 , 45 (11) : 76 -87 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2023158
Weinuo Liang, Kehong He, Liang Hu. Intertidal crabs (Decapoda: Brachyura) species diversity and distribution in Qi’ao Island, Zhujiang River Estuary[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2023 , 45 (11) : 76 -87 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2023158
短尾下目的蟹类是甲壳动物中最大的一个分支,其成员分布于海水、半咸水、淡水和陆地生境[12],其中有不少种类以海陆交界的潮间带为栖息地[34]。潮间带蟹类往往在物种数目、个体数量和生物量等方面都比较突出,是河口、红树林及其他滨海湿地生态系统中大型底栖生物的主要类群之一[1, 5]。最近的研究表明,潮间带蟹类还可能是潮间带生态系统的关键种,它们以生态系统工程师[56]、中间消费者[78]和机会主义捕食者[1, 6]等角色,在维持潮间带生态系统健康与完善的服务功能中发挥着重要作用[911]。中国大陆海岸线长约1.8万km,滨海湿地广布,潮间带蟹类物种丰富,尤其是在热带及亚热带海域沿岸。潮间带蟹类的物种多样性、种群和群落动态的调查与研究,是滨海生态系统监测、保护和管理中重要的基础工作之一。然而,最近二三十年间的研究主要侧重于种群和群落水平的研究[1214],针对潮间带蟹类区系与地理分布的研究相对缺乏[1517]
珠江口地处南海北部,蟹类物种多样性丰富,历史资料中已记录近200种潮间带与潮下带蟹类[1820]。其中潮间带蟹类的相关调查多集中于珠江口东岸,尤以深圳湾内的深圳福田红树林自然保护区和香港米埔自然保护区的研究和记录最多。目前,深圳湾沿岸已记录有潮间带蟹类9科55种,其中福田41种[2126],米埔33种[19, 27]。相比之下,于珠江口西岸开展的相关调查较少,目前仅珠海淇澳岛[28]和澳门[12, 2931]两地各报道记录了22种,共计10科31种。淇澳岛是珠江口西岸红树林湿地的主要分布区[32],加之该岛潮间带生境多样、滩涂发育且人为干扰相对较小,潜在的蟹类区系应不逊于福田和米埔。然而,关于淇澳岛潮间带蟹类区系的研究目前仅见黄建荣等[28]在该岛西北部红树林区域开展的局部调查,淇澳岛全岛潮间带蟹类区系的研究未见报道。
本文基于2021−2023年开展的淇澳岛全岛潮间带蟹类采样调查与分类鉴定工作,结合对历史资料中所记录物种的整理和校订,编目更新了淇澳岛潮间带蟹类物种名录,并对各种的生境与地理分布特征进行了分析。本研究完善了淇澳岛及珠江口西岸的潮间带蟹类区系本底资料,为珠江口潮间带大型底栖生物物种多样性与分布研究提供了更详实的基础数据。
淇澳岛(22°23′26″~22°26′54″N,113°37′07″~113°39′57″E)位于珠江口西岸,珠海市的东北部。该岛地处南亚热带,距陆最短距离约1.3 km,面积约23.8 km2,海岸线(包括红树林外缘)长约25.1 km。珠江口的表层海水温度夏季为27.8~30.1℃,冬季为16.8~18.7℃;表层海水盐度范围为9.0~33.7[18]。淇澳岛附近海域盐度较接近低值;潮汐类型为不规则半日潮,平均潮差在洪水期为0.89~1.47 m,枯水期为0.65~1.81 m[18]。淇澳岛西岸和西北岸的红树林自然保护区是广东珠海淇澳−担杆岛省级自然保护区的一部分,全岛红树林主要集中分布于此;北岸和东北岸的潮间带主要发育为开阔的泥质滩涂;南岸和东岸潮间带多为狭窄的沙质或泥沙质滩涂,部分岸段有碎石滩(图1)。
本研究团队于2021年5月至2023年3月期间,对淇澳岛的9个主要采样点的潮间带蟹类进行了多次采样调查,采样时间主要集中在潮间带蟹类较为活跃的春、夏、秋3个季度,每季度于每个采样点至少调查1次;冬季仅对局部礁石滩岸段开展调查。潮间带蟹类多数行动迅速或通过埋栖、穴居等方式隐藏在泥沙之下或礁石缝隙中。常规断面研究对营底内生活的穴居种类较为适宜,但容易错过营底游生活的种类、行动迅速的缝栖种类以及以潮间带为次要栖息地的广生态幅种类等,难以体现区系全貌。因此,本研究已于各采样点布设往返于潮上带、高潮区至低潮区的随机样线,沿途采集营底表和底内生活的蟹类标本;辅以地笼诱捕、夜间网捕等方法补充营底游生活及于夜间活动的种类;冬季采样主要针对礁石滩调查补充缝栖种类。采集的标本在体视镜下进行形态特征的检视和分类鉴定后保存于75%的乙醇溶液中,标本存放于中山大学地理科学与规划学院生物地理学标本室。物种鉴定主要参考《中国海洋蟹类》[4]、《中国动物志·无脊椎动物》短尾下目相关卷册[3334]等综合性资料以及相关类群最新的分类学修订文献。各物种的地理分布亦参考上述文献与《中国海洋生物名录》[35]等综合资料。分类系统主要参照世界海洋物种目录(World Register of Marine Species, WoRMS)在线数据库[36]
淇澳–担杆岛省级自然保护区管理局自2017年至2022年的不定期调查中积累了淇澳岛一些物种观察记录,其中包含33个潮间带蟹类类群。本研究将这些类群以及黄建荣等[28]记录的类群都根据WoRMS在线数据库[36]及相关类群的分类学修订文献进行了订正。同物异名的物种修订如下:印度毛粒蟹(Pilumnopeus indica)修订为印度海神蟹(Benthopanope indica);带纹近相手蟹(Perisesarma fasciata)修订为带纹相手蟹(Fasciarma fasciatum);无齿螳臂相手蟹(Chiromantes dehaani)修订为无齿东方相手蟹(Orisarma dehaani);中华中相手蟹(Sesarmops sinensis)修订为中华东方相手蟹(Orisarma sinense);明显新胀蟹(Neosarmatium tangi)修订为明显华相手蟹(Sinosesarma tangi);秉氏厚蟹(Helice pingi)修订为侧足厚蟹(H. latimera);少疣长方蟹(Metaplax takahashii)修订为长足长方蟹(M. longipes)。历史记录中鉴定有误的类群订正如下:褶痕拟相手蟹(Parasesarma plicatum)订正为近亲拟相手蟹(Parasesarma affine[37];双齿近相手蟹(Perisesarma bidens)订正为大陆拟相手蟹(Parasesarma continentale[38];粗腿招潮(Uca crassipes)订正为丽彩拟瘦招潮(Paraleptuca splendida[39];招潮属未定种(Uca sp.)订正为丑招潮亚科未定类群(Gelasiminae sp.)[40]。同时剔除历史记录的印痕中相手蟹(Sesarmops impressus),该种仅分布于西印度洋的马达加斯加岛等地[41]
本研究于野外调查中共采集淇澳岛潮间带蟹类标本90号,分属10科21属31种(表1)。其中淇澳岛新记录物种17种,分属9科16属,它们是中华虎头蟹(Orithyia sinica)、双疣肝突蟹(Pyrhila biprotubera)、钝齿蟳(Charybdis (Charybdis) hellerii)、帕氏东方相手蟹(Orisarma patshuni)、精巧拟相手蟹(Parasesarma exquisitum)、隆背张口蟹(Chasmagnathus convexus)、高野近方蟹(Hemigrapsus takanoi)、游氏弓蟹(Varuna yui)、韦氏毛带蟹(Dotilla wichmanni)、台湾泥蟹(Ilyoplax formosensis)、万岁大眼蟹(Macrophthalmus (Mareotis) banzai)、绒毛大眼蟹(Macrophthalmus (Mareotis) tomentosus)、角眼沙蟹(Ocypode ceratophthalmus)、清白南方招潮(Austruca lactea)、北方丑招潮(Gelasimus borealis)、锐刺管招潮(Tubuca acuta)和莱氏异额蟹(Anomalifrons lightana)。其中隆背张口蟹和莱氏异额蟹仅各采集到1个雄性个体。野外调查所获蟹类中,种类最丰富的科为相手蟹科(8种)、弓蟹科(5种)和沙蟹科(5种),种类最丰富的属为拟相手蟹属(Parasesarma 4种)、大眼蟹属(Macrophthalmus 4种)和东方相手蟹属(Orisarma 3种)。
至本研究止,淇澳岛有分布的潮间带蟹类共51个类群,其中48种已鉴定至种,分属13科29属;另有3个历史记录中未进一步鉴定的类群:滨蟹属(Halicarcinus sp.)、泥蟹属(Ilyoplax sp.)和丑招潮亚科(Gelasiminae sp.)(表1)。上述3个未定类群在下文中将不再论及。从科的水平上看,弓蟹科(6属10种)和相手蟹科(5属10种)物种最多,其次为沙蟹科(5属8种)、大眼蟹科(1属5种)、毛带蟹科(2属4种)、梭子蟹科(2属3种)和短眼蟹科(2属2种),其余6个科(关公蟹科、虎头蟹科、膜壳蟹科、玉蟹科、毛刺蟹科、方蟹科)各仅含1种。从属的水平上看,大眼蟹属(5种)物种最多,其次为拟相手蟹属(4种);东方相手蟹属、近方蟹属(Hemigrapsus)、泥蟹属(Ilyoplax)和管招潮属(Tubuca)各含3种;青蟹属(Scylla)、长方蟹属(Metaplax)、弓蟹属(Varuna)和沙蟹属(Ocypode)各含两种;余下19个属各仅记录1种。
野外调查结果表明,淇澳岛泥质滩涂生境中的潮间带蟹类物种丰富度最高(20种),包括栖息于开阔滩涂的北方丑招潮、短身大眼蟹(Macrophthalmus (Macrophthalmus) abbreviatus)、万岁大眼蟹和绒毛大眼蟹,仅见于低潮线附近的中华虎头蟹、双疣肝突蟹和莱氏异额蟹,以及喜栖于红树林外缘泥滩的拟曼赛因青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)、长足长方蟹和宁波泥蟹(Ilyoplax ningpoensis)等。北方丑招潮和长足长方蟹为泥滩生境中最常见的物种。栖息于红树林生境的蟹类物种数(12种)仅次于泥滩,其中多数类群喜栖于红树林边缘,如中华东方相手蟹、近亲拟相手蟹、大陆拟相手蟹、精巧拟相手蟹、锐刺管招潮、弧边管招潮(Tubuca arcuata)等;明显华相手蟹与侧足厚蟹则多见于半红树林,如黄槿(Hibiscus tiliaceus)林和水黄皮(Pongamia pinnata)林;个体稍小的拟曼赛因青蟹则偏好郁闭度相对较高的红树林内生境。值得注意的是,调查所获的3种东方相手蟹属物种除栖息于红树林生境外,均可于岛上部分距海岸带较近的淡水溪流中发现。栖息于碎石滩生境的蟹类有8种,其中四齿大额蟹(Metopograpsus quadridentatus)最为常见,此外还包括斑点拟相手蟹[(Parasesarma pictum)、高野近方蟹和悦目大眼蟹(MacrophthalmusParamareotiserato)]等多栖息于泥质底碎石滩的种类以及偶见于沙质底碎石滩的游氏弓蟹。沙滩生境记录的蟹类仅有韦氏毛带蟹和角眼沙蟹两种。
总体上,北部的红树林自然保护区范围内的井湾(16种)和保护区边缘的大沙澳(18种)生境类型多样,是淇澳岛潮间带蟹类物种丰富度最高的两个区域;东部的东澳湾(13种)以沙滩和碎石滩为主,但在其北部有小面积的滩涂和红树林,蟹类物种数仅次于前两个区域;同属保护区范围内的第二斜湾(9种)与夹洲岛(8种)也有较丰富的潮间带蟹类物种,以红树林栖息种类(如相手蟹科)居多;南部的金星门生境以碎石滩为主,且有人工堤岸、海水养殖等人类活动干扰,仅记录4种潮间带蟹类;东部的南芒湾(2种)、牛仔湾(3种)和牛婆湾(2种)受人类活动干扰强度更高,其中南芒湾和牛仔湾以人工海岸为主,而牛婆湾潮间带垃圾堆积严重,本次调查于上述3个样点记录的物种数极少。野外调查还表明,四齿大额蟹是淇澳岛最常见的蟹类,在7个采样点均有捕获;其次是大陆拟相手蟹、侧足厚蟹和长足长方蟹,各分别在5个样点可见。另一方面,包括宁波泥蟹、短身大眼蟹等在内的13种蟹类各仅在1个采样点有捕获,其中11种为淇澳岛新记录种,这些种类多数对生境的选择较专一。
淇澳岛全部48种潮间带蟹类均在南海北部其他区域有分布(含存疑分布记录)。除双疣肝突蟹和帕氏东方相手蟹以外,其余46种(占总种数的95.8%)均可见于台湾海峡或东海沿岸,其中包括拟曼赛因青蟹、侧足厚蟹、清白南方招潮、北方丑招潮等12种以长江口为东亚大陆分布北限的暖水种。有23种(47.9%)在黄海沿岸有分布,其中以黄海南部或山东半岛南岸为大陆分布北限的有13种,如四齿大额蟹、近亲拟相手蟹、长足长方蟹和弧边管招潮。仅10种(20.8%)在中国海岸带的分布北限可达渤海湾,如中华虎头蟹、平背蜞(Gaetice depressus)、高野近方蟹和短身大眼蟹。
从地理成分上来看,48种蟹类中有21种(43.8%)为东亚地区(含越南北部)特有种,如中华东方相手蟹、隆背张口蟹、侧足厚蟹、北方丑招潮等;有6种(12.5%)的自然分布局限于东亚和东南亚地区,其中包括本次调查采集的拟曼赛因青蟹、斑点拟相手蟹、游氏弓蟹、短身大眼蟹和莱氏异额蟹;余下21种(43.8%)为印度−西太平洋或西太平洋沿岸分布类群,包括钝齿蟳、韦氏毛带蟹、悦目大眼蟹、角眼沙蟹等。
淇澳岛是目前珠江口范围潮间带蟹类物种丰富度最高的地点,与澳门、福田和米埔相比,淇澳岛与上述三地的共有潮间带蟹类种数均超过各地总种数的一半(表2)。一方面,淇澳岛记录的低潮区类群如关公蟹科、虎头蟹科和玉蟹科,以及个体较小的潮间带类群如膜壳蟹科与毛刺蟹科,在周边地点中极少被记录。另一方面,淇澳岛所记录的作为潮间带底栖蟹类优势类群的方蟹总科(如方蟹科、相手蟹科、弓蟹科)和沙蟹总科(如毛带蟹科、大眼蟹科、沙蟹科、短眼蟹科)多达40种(占总种数的83.3%),其多样性明显较深圳湾和澳门更为丰富,尤其是相手蟹科、弓蟹科与沙蟹科,此3个科与周边地点的共有种数亦较高,已接近各地的记录物种数。然而,深圳湾与澳门均有分布的猴面蟹科物种在淇澳岛尚未发现。至本研究止,珠江口西岸记录的潮间带蟹类物种数已从31种增至55种,与东岸的深圳湾所记录总种数持平。珠江口西岸和东岸共有种33种,占各自总种数(55种)的60.0%。综合上述各地点研究,珠江口内淇澳岛、澳门与深圳湾目前记录的潮间带蟹类共14科38属77种。
本文的更新名录中保留以下6种尚无标本可供检视的历史记录存疑种:锯缘青蟹(Scylla serrata)、绒螯近方蟹(Hemigrapsus penicillatus)、谭氏泥蟹(Ilyoplax deschampsi)、日本大眼蟹(Macrophthalmus (Mareotis) japonicus)、痕掌沙蟹(Ocypode stimpsoni)和屠氏管招潮(Tubuca dussumieri)。历史记录的痕掌沙蟹虽广布中国海区沿岸[35],但本次调查于潮上带及高潮区光滩中仅发现同属的角眼沙蟹;二者幼体与亚成体的性状极为相似,在分类鉴定上容易混淆[42]。类似地,锯缘青蟹在中国东南沿海的分布现状仍有待核查[34, 43],我们在广东省潮间带的广泛调查中仅发现同属的拟曼赛因青蟹;绒螯近方蟹可能是高野近方蟹的误定,二者形态极为相似[44],且我们在南海北部的广泛调查中也仅发现后者[45];谭氏泥蟹在中国大陆的分布南限应在浙闽一带[4647], 淇澳岛记录应是误定;日本大眼蟹的分布南限亦可能在浙闽一带,研究区记录可能是万岁大眼蟹的误定[45, 47];屠氏管招潮主要分布于西太平洋岛屿,且疑似记录于广东[15],淇澳岛记录可能是拟屠氏管招潮(Tubuca paradussumieri)的误定[45]。上述历史记录均无标本或照片可供检视和比对,故所涉及物种在名录中暂作保留。
除上述6种之外,另有11种历史资料中记录的物种在本次调查中未捕获标本;其中仅熟练新关公蟹(Neodorippe callida)和字纹弓蟹(Varuna litterata)能根据历史照片或标本证实它们在淇澳岛有分布。其余缺失凭证的物种中,包括多见于近岸淡水生境而以潮间带为次要栖息地的红螯螳臂相手蟹(Chiromantes haematocheir[48]与凹背新尖额蟹(Neorhynchoplax introversa[49],以及主要栖息于潮下带的豆形短眼蟹(Xenophthalmus pinnotheroides[4]等。此外,部分调查未发现物种可能与淇澳岛潮间带生境变化有关,如相手蟹科、弓蟹科、沙蟹科的丑招潮亚科等类群的部分种类,多喜栖于红树林林缘泥滩等生境;而20世纪90年代至21世纪初的围垦填海、互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)入侵、红树林改造、无瓣海桑(Sonneratia apetala)引种造林等干扰事件[50],均会影响原生红树林湿地生境及其生物区系。例如,黄建荣等[28]于2008−2010年考察时发现,谭氏泥蟹、无齿东方相手蟹、大陆拟相手蟹和字纹弓蟹为红树林内常见种,而这些种类目前在淇澳岛红树林内已然不占优势,可能就是因生境变化所致。近年来,淇澳红树林保护区逐步对现有无瓣海桑林进行林分改造,增加本土种种植以促进红树林生态系统恢复与健康发展[51],这对潮间带生境和蟹类区系都将产生一定程度的正面效应。
本次调查发现的17种淇澳岛潮间带蟹类新记录中,仅高野近方蟹为珠江口新记录;其余16种均曾在珠江口有历史分布记录,其中部分物种除分布于淇澳岛之外,之前仅在少数地点被报道过。例如,双疣肝突蟹为戴爱云和管世权[52]于1986年据采集自珠海香洲的标本所描述的新种,该种目前仅在广东、广西[16, 52]及越南[53]的少数地点被记录。再如,明显华相手蟹除模式产地福建福州[54]之外,仅在福建霞浦、香港米埔及越南北部曾有历史分布记录[55]。帕氏东方相手蟹自1978年发表以来长期被认为是其模式产地香港的特有种[56],但近年来陆续报道见于广东深圳[57]、湛江硇洲岛[58]等地;另外据Schubart和Ng[48]在《澳门动植物》一书[31]中标注为印痕相手蟹(Sesarmops impressum)的图片实为帕氏东方相手蟹的误定;本次调查也证实了该种在珠江口西岸的分布。因此,上述3种的实际分布范围可能比其已知分布范围更广。
淇澳岛已知潮间带蟹类区系中,南海至台湾海峡或东海分布的热带/亚热带种占比(52.1%)与南海至黄渤海分布的广布种占比(47.9%)相当,区系成分主要为东亚(和东南亚)特有类群与印度−西太平洋或西太平洋沿岸分布类群,东亚暖水性特征显著。然而,目前对整个珠江口潮间带蟹类区系在区划上的位置及其与相邻区域的关系尚难以下定论。一方面,珠江口潮间带底栖蟹类区系仍有待完善。目前珠江口的蟹类区系研究仅香港相对较为完善[17, 20]。珠江口西岸的淇澳岛与澳门记录的潮间带蟹类物种数虽与东岸深圳湾的福田、米埔的物种数相当,但东西两岸共有种只有33种,仅占已记录总种数的42.9%。其原因可能与各类群适宜生境的多样性及其空间分布的随机性有关,或者与各地点调查采样的时间、频次、范围及采样方法的不同有关。但归根结底都是因为珠江口地区蟹类区系的完成度不高所致;随着研究工作的深入和分布数据的积累,更多仅记录于珠江口东岸的种类可能会在珠江口西岸被发现,反之亦然。总而言之,珠江口范围的潮间带蟹类区系及各物种的分布现状仍需要更广泛的深入调查与研究。就淇澳岛而言,本研究在野外采样中对可达性较低的红树林保护区西部和西北部外围滩涂,以及海洋垃圾污染严重的牛婆湾的调查有限,今后的潮间带蟹类资源补充调查时可着重关注。另一方面,东亚地区近海底栖生物地理区划中,关于热带和亚热带区系区划的界线在南海北部的具体位置向来有争议[5961];其中就有将热带区系的北界划至香港所在纬度附近的方案[6263]。产生争议的主要原因是南海北部海域许多潮间带及近海底栖生物的地理分布格局不明,缺乏精确的物种分布信息,尤其以粤西岸段和环北部湾的记录缺乏。因此,珠江口潮间带蟹类区系的解读,还有赖于对粤东、粤西等毗邻地区潮间带蟹类区系的系统性研究。
致谢:感谢中山大学地理科学与规划学院的邝起宇、吴师源、殷弥佳,中国科学院动物研究所的张旭,珠海市野在科普宣传服务有限公司的刘昭宇以及珠海淇澳−担杆岛省级自然保护区管理处的蓝玉杏、马少伟、潘淑芳、孙争争等在调查采样、标本制作及资料整理过程中的帮助。

  补充材料可通过http://www.hyxbocean.cn/获取。补充材料未进行排版和编辑,内容的准确性和科学性由作者承担。

  • 中山大学本科教学质量与教学改革工程类项目(37000-12220011);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(41101011)。
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2023年第45卷第11期
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doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023158
  • 接收时间:2023-05-18
  • 首发时间:2025-12-28
  • 出版时间:2023-11-30
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  • 收稿日期:2023-05-18
  • 修回日期:2023-07-21
基金
中山大学本科教学质量与教学改革工程类项目(37000-12220011);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(41101011)。
作者信息
    1 中山大学 地理科学与规划学院,广东 广州 510006
    2 珠海淇澳−担杆岛省级自然保护区管理处,广东 珠海 519080

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*胡亮,副教授,主要从事生物地理学与植物生态学研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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