Article(id=1212062583507522382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1212062580651201329, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12284/hyxb2023137, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1676217600000, receivedDateStr=2023-02-13, revisedDate=1682438400000, revisedDateStr=2023-04-26, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766907838941, onlineDateStr=2025-12-28, pubDate=1696089600000, pubDateStr=2023-10-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766907838941, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766907838941, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766907838941, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1212062580651201329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2023', volume='45', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='194', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766907838261, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766924731029, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1212133434105918266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1212062580651201329, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1212133434105918267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1212062580651201329, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=123, endPage=134, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1212062583792735062, articleId=1212062583507522382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Identification of 17β-HSDs gene family and their expression patterns in gonadal development of Sinonovacula constricta, columnId=1194652705852465724, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17β-HSDs) are the oxidoreductases in the last step of sex steroid hormone synthesis process, and play important roles in animal gonadal development and reproductive regulation. In this study, on the basis of the genome data of the razor clam Sinonovacula constricta, 17β-HSD genes were cloned and identified, and their chromosome distributions, phylogenetic relationships and gene expression patterns in different tissues and under different gonadal developmental stages were analyzed. The results showed that 17β-HSD6, 17β-HSD10, 17β-HSD12 and 17β-HSD14 genes of S. constricta were located on four different chromosomes, and the encoded proteins all contained the conserved SDR superfamily domains. The four 17β-HSD proteins were clearly differentiated and clustered into four independent branches in the phylogenetic trees. The results of qRT-PCR showed that 17β-HSD genes were all expressed in testes tissues, and possessed higher expression levels in gonads and hepatopancreas. During the gonadal development of S. constricta, 17β-HSD6 gene was expressed higher in testis and ovary at the spawning stage. The expression levels of 17β-HSD10, 17β-HSD12 and 17β-HSD14 genes showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing during the development cycle of testis and ovary, which were all expressed higher at the mature stage. At the mature stage, 17β-HSD10 gene was expressed significantly higher in testis than in ovary (p < 0.05) , while the expression levels of 17β-HSD12 and 17β-HSD14 genes were all significantly higher in ovary than in testis (p < 0.05). Therefore, 17β-HSD6 gene might not be involved in regulating gonadal development process, while the expressions of 17β-HSD10, 17β-HSD12 and 17β-HSD14 genes were closely related to the gonadal development, suggesting that they might affect the gonadal development by regulating the synthesis and metabolism of sex steroid hormones in S. constricta. These findings laid theoretical foundations for further study on mechanism of 17β-HSD genes in regulating gonadal development and reproductive endocrine of mollusks.

, correspAuthors=Hanhan Yao, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2023 Pratacultural Science. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Lin Li, Yinghui Dong, Lulu Fu, Yiping Meng, Zhihua Lin, Hanhan Yao), CN=ArticleExt(id=1212062585579508644, articleId=1212062583507522382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=缢蛏17β-HSDs基因家族鉴定及其在性腺发育过程中的表达分析, columnId=1149698756456657529, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

17β-羟类固醇脱氢酶(17β-HSDs)是性类固醇激素合成过程中最后步骤的氧化还原酶,在动物性腺发育、生殖调控中发挥重要作用。本研究基于全基因组数据,利用RACE技术和多种生物信息学软件对缢蛏17β-HSDs基因家族成员进行了鉴定、染色体定位和系统进化分析,并利用qRT-PCR 技术研究了其在不同组织、性腺不同发育时期的表达特征。结果表明,缢蛏17β-HSD617β-HSD1017β-HSD1217β-HSD14基因分别定位在4条不同染色体上,所编码的蛋白均具有SDR超家族的保守结构域;系统进化结果表明,缢蛏17β-HSDs基因家族成员分化明显,各自聚为独立分支。qRT-PCR分析显示,缢蛏17β-HSDs基因在8个组织中均有表达,且在性腺和肝胰腺中的表达量较高;在缢蛏性腺发育过程中,17β-HSD6基因在精巢和卵巢排放期的表达量较高,17β-HSD1017β-HSD12、17β-HSD14基因在两性性腺中的表达均呈现先升高再降低的变化趋势,均在成熟期的表达量较高;在成熟期,17β-HSD10基因在精巢的表达量显著高于卵巢(p < 0.05),而17β-HSD12、17β-HSD14基因在卵巢中的表达量显著高于精巢(p < 0.05)。综上结果表明,17β-HSD6基因可能不参与调控缢蛏性腺发育过程,而17β-HSD1017β-HSD1217β-HSD14基因的表达与性腺发育过程密切相关,推测其可能通过介导性类固醇激素的合成与代谢调控缢蛏性腺发育过程。研究结果将为深入研究贝类17β-HSDs调控性腺发育、生殖内分泌机制奠定理论基础。

, correspAuthors=姚韩韩, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*姚韩韩(1984—),女,高级实验师,主要从事贝类分子遗传学研究。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《海洋学报》编辑部 2023, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=dto/jgCeXLl6uDxQrZMkIQ==, magXml=f6zD6BIjkZO30FsFTAmjpQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=CZ9G9CdoPuEGkdmeBZmkUg==, pdfFileSize=3218640, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=RGv//ucdjDXQ/EB0NOdbpw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=bS+y67aKTFVrvJhR7++naQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

李琳(2001—),女,浙江省宁波市人,主要从事贝类分子遗传学研究。E-mail:

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Cloning and expression analysis of three gonad development-related genes in Chlamys farreri[D]. 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caption=缢蛏17β-HSDs基因家族成员的氨基酸序列比对, figureFileSmall=f1+Q/oyLlyQRyLq9Dung6g==, figureFileBig=yR3AM+fyV454nGxQ4quh2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215325298271371991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062583507522382, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Motif analysis of the 17β-HSDs gene family protein in Sinonovacula constricta, figureFileSmall=GicSV5DdvkMwK/+P5sdkLw==, figureFileBig=utZ65+QiAp5WevYBOwuMSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215325298363646685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062583507522382, language=CN, label=图2, caption=缢蛏17β-HSDs基因家族蛋白的motif分析, figureFileSmall=GicSV5DdvkMwK/+P5sdkLw==, figureFileBig=utZ65+QiAp5WevYBOwuMSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215325298468504289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062583507522382, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Chromosomal localization of the 17β-HSDs gene family in Sinonovacula constricta, figureFileSmall=AYu0y9zQjjPxwj/gaD/QMQ==, figureFileBig=DkmdT3CuAlZyH7j38Dt0Yw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215325298548196067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062583507522382, language=CN, label=图3, caption=缢蛏17β-HSDs基因家族的染色体定位, figureFileSmall=AYu0y9zQjjPxwj/gaD/QMQ==, figureFileBig=DkmdT3CuAlZyH7j38Dt0Yw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215325298694996712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062583507522382, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Phylogenetic tree of the 17β-HSDs gene family, figureFileSmall=S/7b+2iV9IUwYJ+LEWt0vg==, figureFileBig=RlLvyfHoxJ4a6o2ZUOfwtQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215325298820825837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062583507522382, language=CN, label=图4, caption=17β-HSDs基因家族的系统进化树, figureFileSmall=S/7b+2iV9IUwYJ+LEWt0vg==, figureFileBig=RlLvyfHoxJ4a6o2ZUOfwtQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215325298917294834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062583507522382, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Relative expression of 17β-HSDs gene family in different adult tissues of S. constricta (n = 4, superscript letters represent statistically significant differences at p < 0.05), figureFileSmall=K1JkG8iAWQldfH9Slk9npQ==, figureFileBig=jMJZ9rnAmb162xp1jlZXXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215325298992792309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062583507522382, language=CN, label=图5, caption=缢蛏17β-HSDs基因在不同组织中的表达特征(n = 4,不同小写字母代表差异显著p < 0.05), figureFileSmall=K1JkG8iAWQldfH9Slk9npQ==, figureFileBig=jMJZ9rnAmb162xp1jlZXXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215325299085067002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062583507522382, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Observation of various gonadal development stages from S. constricta

M: testis; M1: proliferative stage; M2: growing stage; M3: mature stage; M4: spawning stage; F: ovary; F1: proliferative stage; F2: growing stage; F3: mature stage; F4: spawning stage; Sg: spermatogonium; Sc: spermatocyte; St: spermatid; Sz: spermatozoon; Og: oogonium; Oc: oocyte; Mo: mature oocyte; scale bar: 50 μm

, figureFileSmall=VSo2qBmN1AN6tbGoxW6PTw==, figureFileBig=AKQrf7kukahlNE6hY8KK+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215325299236061952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062583507522382, language=CN, label=图6, caption=缢蛏性腺不同发育时期生殖细胞形态学观察

M:精巢;M1:增殖期;M2:生长期;M3:成熟期;M4:排放期;F:卵巢;F1:增殖期;F2:生长期;F3:成熟期;F4:排放期;Sg:精原细胞;Sc:精母细胞;St:精细胞;Sz:精子;Og:卵原细胞;Oc:卵母细胞;Mo成熟卵细胞;标尺:50 μm

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Information of primers used in experiments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物名称引物序列(5′-3′)用途
RACE-17β-HSD6-5CCATAGACCTTTGTCGGCGAGTTGCTGT基因克隆
RACE- 17β-HSD6-3TGGCGACACCTACTTCAGGGCTTTTATT
RACE-17β-HSD10-5CTGCCACGCTGGAGGTGTTGATGATGAC
RACE- 17β-HSD10-3CACGCCCCTGATGGAATCTTTACCTGAG
RACE-17β-HSD12-5CCACACCTTTCCGTCGTTCAGCCAT
RACE- 17β-HSD12-3CCAGGGATGGCTGAACGACGGAAAGGTG
RACE-17β-HSD14-5CAGACACGCCTTTCCACATTCCTCCGAT
RACE- 17β-HSD14-3TGGACCCCTATGTGGGACAGTCTGGCAA
17β-HSD6-FATCTGGGTTGTGAATAGACTGCT序列验证
17β-HSD6-RCTGAGAACCTGGATTTTAGCGT
17β-HSD10-FTAACAGGAGGAGCGTCAGGA
17β-HSD10-RCCCATTGATGAAAGGATTCTCTAT
17β-HSD12-FGGAGGCTGTATTGGGAAGATTT
17β-HSD12-RCTCCATCTTTTTCTTAGCCCTTT
17β-HSD14-FTGGAGGGAGTAAGGGTATCGG
17β-HSD14-RCTGCTGCTAAAAACAGACACGC
Real-17β-HSD6-FCGCAAGAATCCTCCATAACAACT荧光定量
Real-17β-HSD6-RGCGAACA CAGCCACTCCG
Real-17β-HSD10-FCTCCCCACATCCAAAGGC
Real-17β-HSD10-RCAATGGCAATACCAGCACAA
Real-17β-HSD12-FTGTTCAGTGTGTGAGCCCATAC
Real-17β-HSD12-RTCCATCTTTTTCTTAGCCCTTT
Real-17β-HSD14-FGGAAGACAAAGGGCAACATAAT
Real-17β-HSD14-RTCCCACATAGGGGTCCAAAT
18s rRNA-FTCGGTTCTATTGCGTTGGTTTT
18s rRNA-RCAGTTGGCATCGTTTATGGTCA
), ArticleFig(id=1215325299793904416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062583507522382, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

实验所用引物序列信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物名称引物序列(5′-3′)用途
RACE-17β-HSD6-5CCATAGACCTTTGTCGGCGAGTTGCTGT基因克隆
RACE- 17β-HSD6-3TGGCGACACCTACTTCAGGGCTTTTATT
RACE-17β-HSD10-5CTGCCACGCTGGAGGTGTTGATGATGAC
RACE- 17β-HSD10-3CACGCCCCTGATGGAATCTTTACCTGAG
RACE-17β-HSD12-5CCACACCTTTCCGTCGTTCAGCCAT
RACE- 17β-HSD12-3CCAGGGATGGCTGAACGACGGAAAGGTG
RACE-17β-HSD14-5CAGACACGCCTTTCCACATTCCTCCGAT
RACE- 17β-HSD14-3TGGACCCCTATGTGGGACAGTCTGGCAA
17β-HSD6-FATCTGGGTTGTGAATAGACTGCT序列验证
17β-HSD6-RCTGAGAACCTGGATTTTAGCGT
17β-HSD10-FTAACAGGAGGAGCGTCAGGA
17β-HSD10-RCCCATTGATGAAAGGATTCTCTAT
17β-HSD12-FGGAGGCTGTATTGGGAAGATTT
17β-HSD12-RCTCCATCTTTTTCTTAGCCCTTT
17β-HSD14-FTGGAGGGAGTAAGGGTATCGG
17β-HSD14-RCTGCTGCTAAAAACAGACACGC
Real-17β-HSD6-FCGCAAGAATCCTCCATAACAACT荧光定量
Real-17β-HSD6-RGCGAACA CAGCCACTCCG
Real-17β-HSD10-FCTCCCCACATCCAAAGGC
Real-17β-HSD10-RCAATGGCAATACCAGCACAA
Real-17β-HSD12-FTGTTCAGTGTGTGAGCCCATAC
Real-17β-HSD12-RTCCATCTTTTTCTTAGCCCTTT
Real-17β-HSD14-FGGAAGACAAAGGGCAACATAAT
Real-17β-HSD14-RTCCCACATAGGGGTCCAAAT
18s rRNA-FTCGGTTCTATTGCGTTGGTTTT
18s rRNA-RCAGTTGGCATCGTTTATGGTCA
), ArticleFig(id=1215325299890373414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062583507522382, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The physicochemical properties of 17β-HSDs gene family in Sinonovacula. constricta

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
登录号ID基因名染色体CDS/bp氨基酸数分子量/kDa等电点亲水性不稳定指数亚细胞定位
OP903386/ ctg553.2017β-HSD6Chromosome1698832936.849.590.04336.71膜结合线粒体
OP903387/ ctg304.9317β-HSD10Chromosome1072023925.538.190.02820.90膜结合线粒体
OP903388/ ctg492.3.117β-HSD12Chromosome396332034.869.420.18439.98膜结合内质网
OP903389/ ctg220.1017β-HSD14Chromosome1481026928.995.28–0.22740.38细胞质
), ArticleFig(id=1215325300016202540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062583507522382, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

缢蛏17β-HSDs基因家族的理化性质分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
登录号ID基因名染色体CDS/bp氨基酸数分子量/kDa等电点亲水性不稳定指数亚细胞定位
OP903386/ ctg553.2017β-HSD6Chromosome1698832936.849.590.04336.71膜结合线粒体
OP903387/ ctg304.9317β-HSD10Chromosome1072023925.538.190.02820.90膜结合线粒体
OP903388/ ctg492.3.117β-HSD12Chromosome396332034.869.420.18439.98膜结合内质网
OP903389/ ctg220.1017β-HSD14Chromosome1481026928.995.28–0.22740.38细胞质
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缢蛏17β-HSDs基因家族鉴定及其在性腺发育过程中的表达分析
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李琳 1 , 董迎辉 2 , 付璐璐 1 , 孟钇萍 1 , 林志华 2 , 姚韩韩 1, *
海洋学报 | 论文 2023,45(10): 123-134
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海洋学报 | 论文 2023, 45(10): 123-134
缢蛏17β-HSDs基因家族鉴定及其在性腺发育过程中的表达分析
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李琳1 , 董迎辉2, 付璐璐1, 孟钇萍1, 林志华2, 姚韩韩1, *
作者信息
  • 1 浙江万里学院 生物与环境学院 浙江省水产种质资源高效利用技术研究重点实验室,浙江 宁波 315100
  • 2 宁海海洋生物种业研究院,浙江 宁海 315604
  • 李琳(2001—),女,浙江省宁波市人,主要从事贝类分子遗传学研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*姚韩韩(1984—),女,高级实验师,主要从事贝类分子遗传学研究。E-mail:
Identification of 17β-HSDs gene family and their expression patterns in gonadal development of Sinonovacula constricta
Lin Li1 , Yinghui Dong2, Lulu Fu1, Yiping Meng1, Zhihua Lin2, Hanhan Yao1, *
Affiliations
  • 1Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, College of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China
  • 2Ninghai Marine Biological Seed Industry Research Institute, Ninghai 315604, China
出版时间: 2023-10-01 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023137
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17β-羟类固醇脱氢酶(17β-HSDs)是性类固醇激素合成过程中最后步骤的氧化还原酶,在动物性腺发育、生殖调控中发挥重要作用。本研究基于全基因组数据,利用RACE技术和多种生物信息学软件对缢蛏17β-HSDs基因家族成员进行了鉴定、染色体定位和系统进化分析,并利用qRT-PCR 技术研究了其在不同组织、性腺不同发育时期的表达特征。结果表明,缢蛏17β-HSD617β-HSD1017β-HSD1217β-HSD14基因分别定位在4条不同染色体上,所编码的蛋白均具有SDR超家族的保守结构域;系统进化结果表明,缢蛏17β-HSDs基因家族成员分化明显,各自聚为独立分支。qRT-PCR分析显示,缢蛏17β-HSDs基因在8个组织中均有表达,且在性腺和肝胰腺中的表达量较高;在缢蛏性腺发育过程中,17β-HSD6基因在精巢和卵巢排放期的表达量较高,17β-HSD1017β-HSD12、17β-HSD14基因在两性性腺中的表达均呈现先升高再降低的变化趋势,均在成熟期的表达量较高;在成熟期,17β-HSD10基因在精巢的表达量显著高于卵巢(p < 0.05),而17β-HSD12、17β-HSD14基因在卵巢中的表达量显著高于精巢(p < 0.05)。综上结果表明,17β-HSD6基因可能不参与调控缢蛏性腺发育过程,而17β-HSD1017β-HSD1217β-HSD14基因的表达与性腺发育过程密切相关,推测其可能通过介导性类固醇激素的合成与代谢调控缢蛏性腺发育过程。研究结果将为深入研究贝类17β-HSDs调控性腺发育、生殖内分泌机制奠定理论基础。

缢蛏  /  17β-HSDs基因家族  /  性腺发育  /  表达分析

17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17β-HSDs) are the oxidoreductases in the last step of sex steroid hormone synthesis process, and play important roles in animal gonadal development and reproductive regulation. In this study, on the basis of the genome data of the razor clam Sinonovacula constricta, 17β-HSD genes were cloned and identified, and their chromosome distributions, phylogenetic relationships and gene expression patterns in different tissues and under different gonadal developmental stages were analyzed. The results showed that 17β-HSD6, 17β-HSD10, 17β-HSD12 and 17β-HSD14 genes of S. constricta were located on four different chromosomes, and the encoded proteins all contained the conserved SDR superfamily domains. The four 17β-HSD proteins were clearly differentiated and clustered into four independent branches in the phylogenetic trees. The results of qRT-PCR showed that 17β-HSD genes were all expressed in testes tissues, and possessed higher expression levels in gonads and hepatopancreas. During the gonadal development of S. constricta, 17β-HSD6 gene was expressed higher in testis and ovary at the spawning stage. The expression levels of 17β-HSD10, 17β-HSD12 and 17β-HSD14 genes showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing during the development cycle of testis and ovary, which were all expressed higher at the mature stage. At the mature stage, 17β-HSD10 gene was expressed significantly higher in testis than in ovary (p < 0.05) , while the expression levels of 17β-HSD12 and 17β-HSD14 genes were all significantly higher in ovary than in testis (p < 0.05). Therefore, 17β-HSD6 gene might not be involved in regulating gonadal development process, while the expressions of 17β-HSD10, 17β-HSD12 and 17β-HSD14 genes were closely related to the gonadal development, suggesting that they might affect the gonadal development by regulating the synthesis and metabolism of sex steroid hormones in S. constricta. These findings laid theoretical foundations for further study on mechanism of 17β-HSD genes in regulating gonadal development and reproductive endocrine of mollusks.

Sinonovacula constricta  /  17β-HSDs gene family  /  gonadal development  /  expression analysis
李琳, 董迎辉, 付璐璐, 孟钇萍, 林志华, 姚韩韩. 缢蛏17β-HSDs基因家族鉴定及其在性腺发育过程中的表达分析. 海洋学报, 2023 , 45 (10) : 123 -134 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2023137
Lin Li, Yinghui Dong, Lulu Fu, Yiping Meng, Zhihua Lin, Hanhan Yao. Identification of 17β-HSDs gene family and their expression patterns in gonadal development of Sinonovacula constricta[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2023 , 45 (10) : 123 -134 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2023137
17β-羟类固醇脱氢酶(17β-hydroxysteriod dehydrogenase, 17β-HSDs)是以NAD(P)(H)为辅酶的氧化还原酶类,可催化性类固醇、脂质和维生素A类化合物等多种底物的氧化还原反应[12]。作为性类固醇激素合成过程中最后步骤的氧化还原酶,17β-HSDs家族成员能将C17酮还原为有活性的类固醇,或将C17醇氧化为活性低或无活性的酮,从而实现性类固醇激素在高活性和低活性(如睾酮和雄烯二酮、雌二醇和雌酮)之间转化,以此来调节性类固醇激素活性和性腺发育,在动物生殖系统发育中发挥重要作用[34]。在哺乳动物中,已鉴定出17β-HSDs家族的15种亚型(17β-HSD1~17β-HSD15),且据其催化结构及功能分为两类:一类是仅包含17β-HSD5的醛酮还原酶超家族(AKR),另一类是包含14个亚型的短链脱氢/还原酶超家族(SDR)[5]
迄今为止,已在很多贝类中鉴定出类固醇激素的存在,并且发现贝类性腺组织中类固醇激素的含量与繁殖周期密切相关,在性别决定、性腺发育和产卵等过程中发挥着重要作用[67]。17β-HSDs作为性类固醇激素合成的关键酶,主要通过调节类固醇激素水平来影响贝类性腺发育、产卵等生理活动[8]。如Matsumoto等[9]通过体外试验证实扇贝和牡蛎中均存在17β-HSD,可催化雌二醇转化为雌酮,并且酶活性与生殖周期密切相关;在太平洋牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)中,17β-HSD具有类固醇催化活性,并且酶活性随着性腺发育成熟而逐渐升高,而在产卵后下降[10]。随着分子生物学技术的发展,目前已在太平洋牡蛎[11]、福建牡蛎(Crassostrea angulata[12]、紫贻贝(Mytilus galloprovincialis[13]、栉孔扇贝(Azumapecten farreri[1416]、虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis[17]、九孔鲍(Haliotis diversicolor supertexta[1820]等贝类中克隆和鉴定出17β-HSDs基因家族的多个亚型,并发现部分成员的表达与繁殖周期、性腺发育等密切相关。如九孔鲍17β-HSD1117β-HSD12基因在产卵前、中、后3个阶段的卵巢中存在差异表达[1820];栉孔扇贝17β-HSD4基因随着精巢、卵巢的发育成熟表达量逐渐升高,且在精巢中的表达明显高于卵巢[14]17β-HSD8基因通过调节栉孔扇贝性腺组织中的雌二醇水平参与调控配子发生过程[15];虾夷扇贝17β-HSD817β-HSD11基因的表达量随着卵巢的发育成熟而逐渐升高[17]。综合表明,17β-HSDs基因在贝类中普遍存在,主要参与贝类生殖内分泌、性腺发育和产卵等生理活动。
缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)是我国主要滩涂经济贝类之一,具有重要的经济价值和养殖效益[21],因此开展缢蛏配子发生、性腺发育等相关研究对于种质改良、遗传育种等具有重要意义。闫红伟[22]研究发现,缢蛏性腺中的性类固醇激素含量和繁殖周期密切相关,即卵巢中雌二醇和精巢中睾酮含量随着性腺发育、配子发生而升高,产卵结束后迅速下降,认为性类固醇激素是缢蛏性腺发育过程中重要的内源调节因子;Liu等[23]发现缢蛏性成熟期精巢中睾酮、卵巢中雌二醇含量均呈现昼低夜高的变化规律,推测性类固醇激素的含量变化是导致缢蛏夜间产卵的关键因素。由此可见,性类固醇激素在缢蛏性腺发育、产卵等繁殖过程中发挥重要作用,然而关于调控缢蛏性类固醇激素合成的17β-HSDs基因的研究,尚未见报道。本研究基于缢蛏全基因组信息,克隆获得缢蛏17β-HSDs基因家族成员,运用多种生物信息学方法对17β-HSDs基因家族进行鉴定和分析,并利用qRT-PCR技术研究其在不同组织和性腺发育过程中的表达模式,初步探究17β-HSDs基因在缢蛏性腺发育过程中的作用,以期为深入研究贝类生殖内分泌机理、性别决定和性腺发育调控机制的研究奠定理论基础。
实验所用缢蛏成贝均取自浙江省宁波市海洋渔业研究院养殖基地。为准确确定缢蛏性腺发育分期,并考虑其性腺发育的同步性,自2020年4月至2021年3月于养殖基地沿海池塘定期采集2龄缢蛏(10 d取样一次)40~50颗,活体解剖,取性腺组织(雌、雄各10颗),一部分置于液氮中速冻,–80°C超低温冰箱保存,用于RNA提取;一部分置于4%多聚甲醛中,4°C冰箱保存24 h,然后转移到50%乙醇中1 h,再置于70%乙醇中4°C长期保存,用于组织切片鉴定性腺发育时期。
在缢蛏性成熟期,分别取雌、雄缢蛏各4颗,活体解剖取精巢、卵巢组织,并分别取雌、雄各2颗缢蛏的外套膜、闭壳肌、鳃、精巢、卵巢、水管、肝胰腺、斧足组织样品,液氮速冻,–80°C超低温冰箱保存,用于组织表达分析。
利用Trizol法提取精巢总RNA,微量核酸检测仪测定其浓度和纯度,1.0%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测RNA完整性;基于缢蛏全基因组(WSYO00000000.1)和性腺转录组(SRR9937008-SRR9937010,SRR9937011-SRR9937013)信息,筛查17β-HSDs基因家族(17β-HSD617β-HSD1017β-HSD1217β-HSD14)的EST序列,按照SMARTer® RACE 5’/3’试剂盒(Clontech,货号:634858)和Advantage® 2 Polymerase Mix (Clontech,货号:639201)说明书要求,设计3′-RACE和5′-RACE引物(表1),扩增17β-HSDs基因的cDNA全长序列。基于扩增得到的17β-HSDs基因的ORF序列设计引物(表1),利用2×Tag MasterMix试剂(康为世纪,货号:cw0682)进行序列验证。选取目的片段进行割胶回收,利用琼脂糖凝胶DNA回收试剂盒(天根,货号:DP219)进行回收、纯化,并将纯化过的PCR产物连接到pEASY-T1载体上(全式金,货号:CU101)、克隆,阳性克隆送杭州擎科生物公司进行测序。
利用DNA Star软件对基因克隆测序获得的序列进行拼接,ORF Finder在线软件(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/orffinder/)进行开放阅读框预测;通过Prot-Param 在线软件(https://web.expasy.org/protparam/) 预测17β-HSDs 蛋白等电点(pI)、分子量(MW)和总疏水性(GRAVY)等理化性质,用Prot-Comp 9.0 在线软件 (http://www.softberry.com)预测17β-HSDs 蛋白的亚细胞定位。
使用Jalview软件Muscle功能包对缢蛏17β-HSDs 蛋白进行氨基酸多重序列比对,并进行保守结构域预测;利用MEME (https://meme-suite.org/meme/tools/meme)预测缢蛏17β-HSDs蛋白的保守基序(motif),并用TBtools进行可视化;用NCBI Blast(https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi)进行同源序列搜索,查找已知物种的17β-HSDs蛋白的氨基酸序列;用MEGA11.0软件的NJ(neighbor joining)法构建系统进化树(Bootstrap值 = 1 000),并用在线软件iTOL(https://itol.embl.de/)美化系统进化树。
基于缢蛏全基因组序列信息(WSYO0000000.1),在基因组GFF3注释文件中找到17β-HSD617β-HSD1017β-HSD1217β-HSD14基因的染色体位置,并用TBtools软件绘制其在缢蛏染色体中的定位图[24]
将采集的缢蛏周年性腺组织样品经过梯度酒精脱水、二甲苯透明,石蜡包埋、切片(厚度为4 μm),HE染色,用Nikon 80i显微镜观察精巢、卵巢的细胞结构并拍照保存。根据文献报道贝类性腺各发育时期细胞、组织形态特征[22, 25],鉴定出缢蛏精巢、卵巢发育的各个时期(增殖期、生长期、成熟期和排放期)。
利用Trizol法分别提取性成熟期缢蛏8个组织(外套膜、闭壳肌、肝胰腺、水管、斧足、鳃、精巢、卵巢,n = 4)、不同发育时期(增殖期、生长期、成熟期、排放期)性腺(n = 6)样品的总RNA,反转录获得cDNA第一链。选取18S rRNA为内参基因,基于17β-HSD617β-HSD1017β-HSD1217β-HSD14基因的ORF序列,设计荧光定量PCR引物(表1)。PCR反应体系为20 μL(RNAase-Free水8.0 μL、cDNA第一链1.0 μL、上下游引物各0.5 μL 、SYBR Green Mix 10.0 μL),PCR反应程序为95℃预变性20 s,40个循环(95℃变性3 s,60℃退火15 s,72℃延伸10 s)。基因表达水平采用相对值2−ΔΔCt进行计算,采用SPSS 20.0进行One-Way ANOVA单因素方差分析和Duncan’s检验,p < 0.05为差异显著,p < 0.01为差异极显著。
基于缢蛏全基因组序列(WSYO00000000.1)和注释信息,共检索到4个17β-HSDs基因。本研究克隆获得缢蛏17β-HSDs基因家族成员的cDNA全长序列,并进行了理化性质分析(表2)。缢蛏17β-HSD617β-HSD1017β-HSD1217β-HSD14基因编码的氨基酸数目在239~329 aa之间,预测的分子量介于25.53~36.84 kDa之间,等电点(pI)在5.28~9.59之间,不稳定系数在20.9~36.71之间。17β-HSD617β-HSD1017β-HSD12基因编码的蛋白均为碱性、疏水性蛋白,而17β-HSD14基因编码的蛋白是一个酸性、亲水性蛋白。亚细胞定位预测结果表明,17β-HSD14蛋白定位在细胞质,17β-HSD12蛋白定位于膜结合内质网,17β-HSD6和17β-HSD10蛋白均定位于膜结合线粒体。
17β-HSDs蛋白多重序列比对结果表明,缢蛏17β-HSD6、17β-HSD10、17β-HSD12和17β-HSD14蛋白序列高度保守,具有SDR超家族4个保守结构域,即辅酶结合结构域TGXXXGXG、结构稳定结构域NNAG、催化活性位点YXXXK以及参与底物结合和催化方向的结构域PGXXXT(图1)。氨基酸相似度(similarity)和一致性(identity)结果表明,缢蛏4个17β-HSD蛋白之间的相似度在18.1%~35.3%之间,一致性在9.0%~21.6%之间。其中17β-HSD10和17β-HSD14的相似度(35.3%)和一致性(21.6%)最高,17β-HSD6和17β-HSD10的相似度(18.1%)和一致性(18.1%)最低。
将人(Homo sapiens)、小鼠(Mus musculus)、非洲爪蟾(Xenopus laevis)、斑马鱼(Danio rerio)、太平洋牡蛎和缢蛏17β-HSDs 基因家族蛋白进行保守基序(motif)预测。结果表明,在17β-HSD6、17β-HSD10、17β-HSD12和17β-HSD14蛋白的氨基酸序列中,共鉴定出10个保守motif,其中motif 1、2、4均存在4个亚家族中。17β-HSD6亚族缺失motif 3、5、6、7、8,17β-HSD10亚族缺失motif 5、7、8、10,17β-HSD12亚族缺失motif 3、6、8、9、10,而17β-HSD14亚族缺失motif 5、6、7、10。此外,同一亚族成员之间也存在motif丢失或增加情况,如太平洋牡蛎17β-HSD10与其他同源蛋白相比,缺失了1个motif 4,而缢蛏17β-HSD10缺失1个motif 2,其他亚家族成员均高度保守(图2)。
染色体定位结果表明,缢蛏17β-HSD617β-HSD1017β-HSD1217β-HSD14基因分别定位在第16、10、3、14号染色体上(图3)。
系统进化分析表明,17β-HSD6、17β-HSD10、17β-HSD12、17β-HSD14亚族分化明显,各自聚为一个独立的分支(图4)。其中17β-HSD6和17β-HSD12亚族首先各自聚为一支,然后再聚为一大支,最后再与17β-HSD10、17β-HSD14亚族各个分支聚在一起。在各个分支中,17β-HSDs亚族成员之间的亲缘关系较近,缢蛏17β-HSDs各成员均先与同为软体动物的虾夷扇贝、硬壳蛤(Mercenaria mercenaria)、太平洋牡蛎等双壳贝类聚在一起,再与鱼类、两栖类、哺乳动物等脊椎动物聚在一起。
组织表达结果表明,17β-HSD617β-HSD1017β-HSD1217β-HSD14基因在缢蛏8个组织(外套膜、闭壳肌、鳃、精巢、卵巢、水管、肝胰腺、斧足)中均有表达,均在肝胰腺和性腺中的表达量较高(图5)。其中17β-HSD617β-HSD1217β-HSD14基因在卵巢中的表达量均显著高于精巢(p < 0.05)。17β-HSD617β-HSD1017β-HSD14在检测的8个组织中,肝胰腺中的表达量最高,而17β-HSD12在肝胰腺中的表达量仅次于卵巢(图5)。
根据缢蛏周年性腺组织的细胞形态特征,将精巢、卵巢组织的性腺发育过程分为增殖期(5–6月)、生长期(7–8月)、成熟期(9–10月)和排放期(11–12月)4个时期(图6)。在增殖期,精巢中的生殖细胞主要是精原细胞,连续分布在滤泡壁上,近乎圆形,同时还存在多层精母细胞,随着发育进程精母细胞数目逐渐增多(图6M1);卵巢滤泡壁上开始出现不连续分布的卵原细胞,配子发育刚刚开始(图6F1)。在生长期,精巢中滤泡腔内开始出现初级、次级精母细胞,并且有少量精子出现(图6M2);卵巢中,滤泡壁上布满卵母细胞,并出现了少量成熟的卵母细胞(图6F2)。在成熟期,精巢中的滤泡腔内出现大量密集呈辐射状排列的成熟精子(图6M3);卵巢中各种形状的成熟卵母细胞充满滤泡腔(图6F3)。在排放期,精巢中的滤泡内存有少量精子,滤泡空腔明显(图6M4);卵巢中,滤泡内存有少量卵母细胞和成熟卵细胞,滤泡空腔明显且体积逐渐变小(图6F4)。
qRT-PCR结果显示,17β-HSD617β-HSD1017β-HSD1217β-HSD14基因在缢蛏性腺不同发育时期(增殖期、生长期、成熟期和排放期)均有表达,但表达趋势存在一定差异(图7)。17β-HSD6基因在精巢和卵巢的增殖期、生长期和成熟期的表达量均较低,而在排放期的表达量最高,呈现逐步升高的趋势(图7A )。在成熟期和排放期,该基因在卵巢中的表达量均显著高于精巢(p < 0.05),且在卵巢排放期的表达量达到最高。
17β-HSD1017β-HSD12、17β-HSD14基因在缢蛏两性性腺不同发育时期的表达均呈现先升高再降低的变化趋势,且均在成熟期表达量较高(图7B图7D)。17β-HSD10基因在精巢的成熟期表达量最高(p < 0.05),显著高于同期卵巢(p < 0.05);而在卵巢中,17β-HSD10基因在成熟期和排放期的表达量较高(p < 0.05)。17β-HSD12基因在精巢、卵巢成熟期表达量均较高(p < 0.05),并且在卵巢中的表达量显著高于同时期精巢(p < 0.05);而在精巢和卵巢的增殖期、生长期和排放期,17β-HSD12基因的表达均无显著差异。17β-HSD14基因在精巢生长期和成熟期表达量较高,显著高于其他时期(p < 0.05);在卵巢中,17β-HSD14基因在成熟期表达量最高,显著高于增殖期和排放期(P < 0.05),呈现先升高再降低的趋势。
在哺乳动物中,17β-HSDs家族包含15个亚型,根据被鉴定和发现的先后顺序,分别命名为17β-HSD1~17β-HSD15[5],除17β-HSD5亚型属于醛酮还原酶超家族(AKR)以外,其余14个均属于短链脱氢/还原酶超家族(SDR)[5]。根据17β-HSDs家族成员催化作用形式,又可将15个亚型分为9个氧化酶(17β-HSD2、4、6、8、9、10、11、13、14)和6个还原酶(17β-HSD1、3、5、7、12、15)[26]。本研究基于缢蛏全基因组信息,克隆和鉴定了4个17β-HSDs基因家族成员。依据高等动物中17β-HSDs家族亚型和催化分类标准[5],缢蛏4个17β-HSDs基因家族成员均属于短链脱氢/还原酶超家族(SDR),其中17β-HSD6、17β-HSD10、17β-HSD14属于氧化酶,17β-HSD12为还原酶。
SDR超家族几乎存在于所有动物中,一般以寡聚体形式发挥酶活性,并且每个亚基均由250~350个氨基酸组成[27]。典型的17β-HSDs蛋白均具有类似的辅酶结合位点、催化活性中心等SDR超家族蛋白特征性保守序列,如辅酶结合结构域TGXXXGXG、结构稳定结构域NNAG、催化活性位点YXXXK、参与底物结合和催化方向的结构域PGXXXT等[1]。缢蛏4个17β-HSDs蛋白均含有SDR超家族的特征性序列,这与栉孔扇贝[1416]、福建牡蛎[12]等研究结果一致,表明17β-HSDs家族蛋白序列均高度保守。然而在高等动物中,除了这些保守序列之外,17β-HSDs家族的蛋白各成员之间的氨基酸序列相似度较低( < 25%),尤其是羧基末端的氨基酸序列差异较大,导致它们结合底物的种类和偏好性不同,进而在功能上也有很大差异[28]。在本研究中,缢蛏4个17β-HSDs蛋白之间的相似度(18.1%~35.3%)和一致性(9.0%~21.6%)均较低,并且系统进化分析结果也表明4个成员各自聚为一个独立分支,分化较为明显,表明缢蛏17β-HSDs蛋白虽然都包含SDR家族的保守序列,但各亚型间差异较大,推测它们可能偏好不同的底物和辅酶,或者对底物的结合能力不同,从而导致催化活性和功能上的差异[28]
17β-HSDs是性类固醇激素合成过程中最后步骤的氧化还原酶,参与维持动物体内性类固醇激素的合成与代谢[29],同时也参与了脂类、维生素A类化合物以及外源化合物代谢等生理活动,广泛存在于生物体各个组织中[30]。本研究中,缢蛏17β-HSD617β-HSD1017β-HSD1217β-HSD14基因在8个组织中均有表达,且均在性腺组织(精巢或卵巢)和肝胰腺中的表达量较高,表明缢蛏17β-HSDs基因家族成员与其他动物一样功能广泛,参与多种生理活动[30]。精巢和卵巢是缢蛏性类固醇激素合成与代谢的关键组织器官,推测17β-HSDs基因参与调控性腺中的性类固醇激素的合成和代谢过程。已有研究证实,17β-HSDs基因在高等动物肝脏和肾脏中的表达量较高,主要参与长链脂肪酸的β-氧化[31]。肝胰腺是贝类脂质等营养物质消化、代谢的关键场所,表明17β-HSDs基因可能也在缢蛏脂肪酸的代谢过程中发挥重要作用,这与紫贻贝[13]、栉孔扇贝[1416]、狗岩螺(Nucella lapillus[32]等研究结果一致。然而在缢蛏性腺不同发育时期中,4个17β-HSDs基因的表达模式存在一定差异,可能跟其对底物的偏好性以及结合能力不同,从而导致催化活性和功能存在一定差异[28]
17β-HSD6具有氧化还原酶和差向异构酶酶活性,参与雄性激素的氧化代谢,可以催化睾酮生成雄烯二酮[33]。然而在缢蛏性腺发育过程中,17β-HSD6基因在精巢、卵巢的生长期、增殖期和成熟期表达量均较低,而在排放期的表达量较高,与缢蛏性腺发育过程相关性不强,表明17β-HSD6基因的主要功能可能不是催化性类固醇激素的转化,进而不参与调控缢蛏性腺发育过程。在哺乳动物中,Biswas和Russell[34]认为17β-HSD6的主要功能可能是催化维生素A类化合物、脂肪酸的代谢等,并不是主要催化性类固醇激素的转化,与本研究结果一致。由于17β-HSD6基因在贝类中的研究有限,其具体功能还有待进一步研究。
17β-HSD10在雌激素、雄激素代谢中均起着重要作用,不仅能催化睾酮转化为雄烯二酮、17β-二元醇转化为雄酮等,也能将雌二醇氧化成雌酮[35]。在牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus[36]、远东拟沙丁鱼(Sardinops melanostictus[37]中,17β-HSD10基因均在卵巢中表达量较高;舌齿鲈(Dicentrarchus labrax17β-HSD10基因被认定为早期卵巢分化标志物[38],而紫贻贝17β-HSD10基因在精巢中的表达量高于同时期卵巢[13],表明17β-HSD10基因虽然在不同物种两性性腺的表达存在差异,但均参与调控雌、雄性激素的代谢过程。研究表明,17β-HSD10基因还参与雌二醇的灭活,进而调节雌二醇水平[39]。在本研究中,17β-HSD10基因随着缢蛏精巢的发育,表达量逐渐升高,同时雌二醇含量下降、睾酮含量升高[22],表明17β-HSD10基因可能参与灭活精巢中的雌二醇,通过调低雌二醇含量、调高睾酮含量促进精子的发育;与精巢相比,17β-HSD10基因在卵巢的表达变化趋势较为平缓,其表达量与雌二醇含量随着卵子发育逐步升高[22],可能是由于卵巢中参与合成雌二醇的酶活性更强,因此需要高表达水平的17β-HSD10基因参与维持稳定的雌二醇含量,促进卵巢的发育。
17β-HSD12在雌激素合成中起着关键作用,可催化雌酮还原为雌二醇[40]。在尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)卵母细胞成熟过程中,17β-HSD12基因可诱导类固醇激素的合成[41];在九孔鲍中,17β-HSD12可将雌酮转化为雌二醇,并且17β-HSD12基因在产卵前、中、后3个阶段卵巢中的表达呈现先升高再降低的趋势[19],本研究结果与九孔鲍中的结果一致。17β-HSD12基因在缢蛏卵巢成熟期的表达量达到最高值,此时雌二醇含量最高[22],表明该基因可能调控卵巢合成更多的雌二醇来促进卵细胞发育成熟。然而,在日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonica)中,17β-HSD12a 基因也可参与精巢11-酮睾酮的合成[42],本研究结果与其结果相似。缢蛏17β-HSD12基因的表达量也随着精巢的发育成熟而逐渐升高,并且在成熟期的表达量最高,此时睾酮含量同步升至最高[22],推测17β-HSD12基因可能也参与了雄性激素的代谢,进而调控精巢的发育过程。
17β-HSD14既可以催化雌二醇转化为雌酮,也可以催化睾酮转化为雄烯二酮,在雌激素、雄激素代谢过程中均发挥重要作用[1]。在牙鲆[36]、栉孔扇贝[43]中,17β-HSD14基因的表达水平随两性性腺的不断发育成熟而逐渐升高,认为该基因通过调节雌二醇水平影响性腺发育过程。本研究中,17β-HSD14基因在缢蛏两性性腺的表达都呈现先升高再降低的趋势,这与雌、雄性激素含量的变化趋势是一致的[22],说明该基因在性腺发育过程中可能也参与调控雌二醇水平,但在精巢和卵巢中的功能并不完全相同。在缢蛏精巢的生长期、增殖期和成熟期,17β-HSD14基因通过调低雌二醇含量、调高睾酮含量促进精子的发育成熟;而在卵巢中,17β-HSD14基因的表达量和雌二醇含量随着卵子发生逐步升高,推测该基因可参与调高雌二醇含量、促进卵子发育,其具体作用机理还有待于进一步的研究。
  • 国家自然科学青年基金项目(31902393);国家现代贝类产业技术体系项目(CARS-49);宁波市重大科技攻关暨“揭榜挂帅”项目(2021Z114);国家海洋水产种质资源库项目(2023);国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202310876019)。
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2023年第45卷第10期
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doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023137
  • 接收时间:2023-02-13
  • 首发时间:2025-12-28
  • 出版时间:2023-10-01
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  • 收稿日期:2023-02-13
  • 修回日期:2023-04-26
基金
国家自然科学青年基金项目(31902393);国家现代贝类产业技术体系项目(CARS-49);宁波市重大科技攻关暨“揭榜挂帅”项目(2021Z114);国家海洋水产种质资源库项目(2023);国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202310876019)。
作者信息
    1 浙江万里学院 生物与环境学院 浙江省水产种质资源高效利用技术研究重点实验室,浙江 宁波 315100
    2 宁海海洋生物种业研究院,浙江 宁海 315604

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*姚韩韩(1984—),女,高级实验师,主要从事贝类分子遗传学研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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