Article(id=1212062582253416592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1212062580651201329, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12284/hyxb2023139, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1680969600000, receivedDateStr=2023-04-09, revisedDate=1686758400000, revisedDateStr=2023-06-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766907838642, onlineDateStr=2025-12-28, pubDate=1696089600000, pubDateStr=2023-10-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766907838642, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766907838642, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766907838642, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1212062580651201329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2023', volume='45', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='194', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766907838261, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766924731029, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1212133434105918266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1212062580651201329, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1212133434105918267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1212062580651201329, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=114, endPage=122, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1212062582492491925, articleId=1212062582253416592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Reproductive regulation of fruitless gene in brine shrimp Artemia franciscana, columnId=1194652705852465724, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

fruitless (fru) gene plays an important role in courtship, mating behavior and reproductive development of insectsand crustaceans. Artemia is not only the crucial live food in fish and crustacean larviculture, but also an ideal experimental organism for biological study. In this experiment, the open reading frame (ORF) of fru gene was obtained from the transcriptome of Artemia franciscana and analyzed bioinformatically. qPCR was used to study the expression characteristics of this gene at different stages of gonad development in the Artemia, and its function was explored by RNAi microinjection. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the ORF length of fru gene was 1 215 bp, which contains 404 amino acids, while its molecular weight and isoelectric point were 45.19 kDa and 5.28, and it was an acidic hydrophilic protein with no signal peptide or transmembrane structure; structural domain prediction showed that there are two structural domains of fru, BTB_POZ and HTH. The secondary structure is dominated by α-helix and irregular coil, and the tertiary structure corresponds to it. The qPCR results showed that the expression of fru gene showed a significant increase in late embryos stage, and its expression was significantly higher than that of early oocyte, later oocyte and early embryo stages in the ovary (P < 0.01); while the expression of fru gene also increased in immature stage of the testis, and its expression was significantly higher than that of early, middle and late maturation stages (P < 0.01). After RNA interference, we found that there was a significant decrease in the expression of the fru gene (P < 0.01), and all the offspring produced were cysts. This suggests that the fru gene has an important effect on reproduction and development of A. franciscana, and may be a key factor influencing the reproductive mode of Artemia. Through this study, we obtained important information about the role of fru gene in the reproductive development of Artemia and their related molecular mechanisms, which can help us better understand this important biological process.

, correspAuthors=Xuekai Han, Liying Sui, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2023 Pratacultural Science. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ke Li, Yizhuo Ren, Xuekai Han, Xue Liu, Liying Sui), CN=ArticleExt(id=1212062583805309112, articleId=1212062582253416592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=无效基因fruitless参与卤虫Artemia franciscana的生殖调控研究, columnId=1149698756456657529, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

fruitlessfru)是在昆虫与甲壳动物求偶、交配行为以及生殖发育过程中发挥关键作用的基因。卤虫不仅是水产育苗的重要开口饲料,而且是生物学研究的重要实验生物。本实验通过对卤虫Artemia franciscana转录组的筛选,获得了fru基因的开放阅读框(ORF)并进行生物信息学分析,利用qPCR技术研究了它在卤虫生殖腺发育的不同阶段的表达情况,最后利用RNAi显微注射技术,深入探索了它的功能。经过生物信息学分析,fru基因的ORF长度为1 215 bp,其中包含了404个氨基酸,其分子量和等电点分别为45.19 kDa和5.28,属于酸性亲水性蛋白,且不含信号肽和跨膜结构;结构域预测显示fru存在BTB_POZ和HTH两个结构域,二级结构主要由α-螺旋和无规则卷组成,三级结构与其对应。qPCR结果显示,fru基因的表达量在卵囊的晚期胚胎中表现出明显的增加趋势,其表达量显著高于其他发育阶段(P < 0.01);而在精巢的未成熟期,fru基因的表达量也有所增加,其表达量显著高于成熟早期、中期和晚期(P < 0.01)。经过RNA干扰,我们发现fru基因的表达量有了显著的下降(P < 0.01),并且经过受到干扰的雌虫后代都为休眠卵。这表明fru基因对于A. franciscana的生殖和发育有着重要的影响,甚至可能是影响卤虫繁殖方式的关键因素。通过本次研究,我们获得了关于fru基因在卤虫生殖发育中的作用及其相关分子机制的重要信息,可以帮助我们更好地理解这一重要的生物学过程。

, correspAuthors=韩学凯, 隋丽英, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*韩学凯,男,博士,助理研究员,研究方向为水产动物遗传育种。E-mail:;
隋丽英,女,博士,教授,研究方向为卤水生物资源开发与利用。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《海洋学报》编辑部 2023, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=luaPHfz/ygW8QluEvnbfZA==, magXml=GM6Px3dqlSxtQSmKtKSWVA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=JDPuyZvwJKHL+R32CoQn0A==, pdfFileSize=2307102, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=ICo6uWrQUeyH988eoDWyHg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=HdzEoqATZYyfqorm76J6AA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

李科(1998—),男,山东省菏泽市人,研究方向为水产动物遗传育种。E-mail:

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李科(1998—),男,山东省菏泽市人,研究方向为水产动物遗传育种。E-mail:

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李科(1998—),男,山东省菏泽市人,研究方向为水产动物遗传育种。E-mail:

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Science Advances, 2020, 6(21): eaba6913., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1215325294081266463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062582253416592, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=天津市自然科学基金项目 (18JCQNJC78500);天津市科技支撑计划项目(17ZXZYNC00060);教育部长江学者和创新团队发展计划项目(IRT-17R81)。, fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1215325288163103262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062582253416592, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215325288171491871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062582253416592, companyId=1215325288163103262, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 天津科技大学 亚洲区域卤虫参考中心,天津 300457)]), AuthorCompany(id=1215325288230212131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062582253416592, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215325288238600739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062582253416592, companyId=1215325288230212131, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Asia Regional Artemia Reference Center, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China)]), AuthorCompany(id=1215325288326681125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062582253416592, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215325288335069734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062582253416592, companyId=1215325288326681125, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 河北环境工程学院 入海河流及近岸海域生态修复河北省工程研究中心,河北 秦皇岛 066102)]), AuthorCompany(id=1215325288406372905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062582253416592, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215325288410567210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062582253416592, companyId=1215325288406372905, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Hebei Engineering Research Center for Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Coastal Areas, Hebei University of Environmental Engineering, Qinhuangdao 066102, China)]), AuthorCompany(id=1215325288473481771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062582253416592, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215325288477676076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062582253416592, companyId=1215325288473481771, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 天津科技大学 海洋资源化学与食品技术教育部重点实验室,天津 300457)]), AuthorCompany(id=1215325288544784944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062582253416592, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215325288553173553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062582253416592, companyId=1215325288544784944, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Chemistry and Food Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1215325291342385879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062582253416592, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Phylogenetic tree of amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the fru gene of Artemia franciscana, figureFileSmall=EWQuiFzmzXfk/kefntoiNA==, figureFileBig=QTsveF6lNxvwvXWwm2Oqdw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215325292600677083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062582253416592, language=CN, label=图1, caption=卤虫fru基因编码蛋白的氨基酸序列系统进化树, figureFileSmall=EWQuiFzmzXfk/kefntoiNA==, figureFileBig=QTsveF6lNxvwvXWwm2Oqdw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215325292722311905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062582253416592, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Bioinformatics analysis of the protein encoded by the fru gene of Artemia franciscana

a. Hydrophilic analysis; b. signal peptide analysis; c. prediction of fru protein transmembrane structure; d. prediction of fru protein conserved domain

, figureFileSmall=Br1K82hgV1QviR6T8ZrUvA==, figureFileBig=1YEVPCPyks/+glC2CEY7GQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215325292818780902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062582253416592, language=CN, label=图2, caption=卤虫fru基因编码蛋白生物信息学分析

a. 亲水性分析;b. 信号肽分析;c. fru蛋白跨膜结构预测;d. fru蛋白保守结构域预测

, figureFileSmall=Br1K82hgV1QviR6T8ZrUvA==, figureFileBig=1YEVPCPyks/+glC2CEY7GQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215325292919444204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062582253416592, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Advanced structure of the protein encoded by fru gene in Artemia franciscana

a. Secondary structure of fru protein; b. tertiary structure of fru protein

, figureFileSmall=+UBDoNp5Y6za9A86bIxCXw==, figureFileBig=oo++eDpE+BP6S5cKv2CZkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215325292986553071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062582253416592, language=CN, label=图3, caption=卤虫fru基因编码蛋白的高级结构

a. fru蛋白二级结构; b. fru蛋白三级结构

, figureFileSmall=+UBDoNp5Y6za9A86bIxCXw==, figureFileBig=oo++eDpE+BP6S5cKv2CZkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215325293066244853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062582253416592, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Expression results of fru gene in gonads of Artemia franciscana at different developmental stages

The same letter indicate the difference is not significant (P > 0.05); different letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.01)

, figureFileSmall=uIM+KfaJVKhqfkNlRlAyHQ==, figureFileBig=MGX6zOIok19125Bm73DhOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215325293171102458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062582253416592, language=CN, label=图4, caption=卤虫fru基因生殖腺不同发育时期的表达结果

相同字母表示差异不显著(P > 0.05);不同字母表示差异极显著(P < 0.01)

, figureFileSmall=uIM+KfaJVKhqfkNlRlAyHQ==, figureFileBig=MGX6zOIok19125Bm73DhOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215325293292737279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062582253416592, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Expression of fru gene in ovary of Artemia franciscana at different developmental stages after RNA interference

** a significant difference from the control (P < 0.01)

, figureFileSmall=j0Qv2qKSE0IOFLoFc2BXJA==, figureFileBig=9r44HNYAS5JdE2PzyG0Z0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215325293397594885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062582253416592, language=CN, label=图5, caption=RNA干扰后fru基因在卤虫不同时期卵巢中的表达

**表示与对照有极显著性差异(P < 0.01)

, figureFileSmall=j0Qv2qKSE0IOFLoFc2BXJA==, figureFileBig=9r44HNYAS5JdE2PzyG0Z0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215325293477286666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062582253416592, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

The primer information of fru gene

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物名称序列(5'—3'退火温度/°C片段大小/bp用途
fru-F1ACTTTGGTTCAACTTCTTA551 117基因扩增
fru-R1TTCTTGTCATTCCATCAT
fru-FTGTTTCCAAGTGAGCCATGC58105qPCR
fru-RTTGCTGAGTACTGCTGACCT
GAPDH-FGGTCGTGACTTGACGGACTATCT57120内参基因
GAPDH-RAGCGGTTGCCATTTCTTGTT
dsfru-FT7- TAGTGACCAGACCCAAGA58431dsRNA合成
dsfru-RT7- TGTTTCTGTCTCCCGTTA
dsEGFP-FT7-CAGTGCTTCAGCCGCTACCC58350dsRNA合成
dsEGFP-RT7-AGTTCACCTTGATGCCGTTCTT
), ArticleFig(id=1215325293569561355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062582253416592, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

fru基因的引物信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物名称序列(5'—3'退火温度/°C片段大小/bp用途
fru-F1ACTTTGGTTCAACTTCTTA551 117基因扩增
fru-R1TTCTTGTCATTCCATCAT
fru-FTGTTTCCAAGTGAGCCATGC58105qPCR
fru-RTTGCTGAGTACTGCTGACCT
GAPDH-FGGTCGTGACTTGACGGACTATCT57120内参基因
GAPDH-RAGCGGTTGCCATTTCTTGTT
dsfru-FT7- TAGTGACCAGACCCAAGA58431dsRNA合成
dsfru-RT7- TGTTTCTGTCTCCCGTTA
dsEGFP-FT7-CAGTGCTTCAGCCGCTACCC58350dsRNA合成
dsEGFP-RT7-AGTTCACCTTGATGCCGTTCTT
), ArticleFig(id=1215325293645058830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062582253416592, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Online analysis software in bioinformatics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
在线软件用途网址
ORF Finder-NCBI开放阅读框分析https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/orffinder/
ExPASy-ProtParam理化性质分析https://web.expasy.org/protparam/
ExPASy-ProtScale亲水性/疏水性分析https://web.expasy.org/protscale/
TMHMM Server V 2.0跨膜结构预测https://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/TMHMM/
SignallP-5.0 Server信号肽分析https://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/SignalP/
CDD保守结构域预测https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/cdd/docs/cdd_search.html
PSORT II Prediction亚细胞定位https://psort.hgc.jp/form2.html
SOPMA二级结构预测https://npsa-prabi.ibcp.fr/cgi-bin/npsa_automat.pl?page=npsa_sopma.html
SWISS-MODEL三级结构预测https://swissmodel.expasy.org/
), ArticleFig(id=1215325293741527827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062582253416592, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

生物信息学在线分析软件

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
在线软件用途网址
ORF Finder-NCBI开放阅读框分析https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/orffinder/
ExPASy-ProtParam理化性质分析https://web.expasy.org/protparam/
ExPASy-ProtScale亲水性/疏水性分析https://web.expasy.org/protscale/
TMHMM Server V 2.0跨膜结构预测https://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/TMHMM/
SignallP-5.0 Server信号肽分析https://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/SignalP/
CDD保守结构域预测https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/cdd/docs/cdd_search.html
PSORT II Prediction亚细胞定位https://psort.hgc.jp/form2.html
SOPMA二级结构预测https://npsa-prabi.ibcp.fr/cgi-bin/npsa_automat.pl?page=npsa_sopma.html
SWISS-MODEL三级结构预测https://swissmodel.expasy.org/
), ArticleFig(id=1215325293850579735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062582253416592, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Comparison of amino acid sequence similarities of proteins encoded by Artemia franciscanna and other species fru gene

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序列号物种名称序列相似性/%
RXG68647.1鼠妇(Armadillidium vulgare45.95
XP_020279362.1牛角刺槐蚁(Pseudomyrmex gracilis42.11
KOB68495.1冬尺蠖蛾(Operophtera brumata41.44
XP_015115225.1胡峰(Diachasma alloeum41.23
XP_012350829.1小蜜蜂(Apis florea40.35
XP_014274254.1茶翅蝽(Halyomorp hahalys40.35
XP_032451896.1寄生蜂(Nasonia vitripennis40.35
OXU22454.1灿金小蜂(Trichomalopsis sarcophagae40.35
XP_016919575.1中华蜜蜂(Apis cerana40.35
CAA9998384.1烟盲蝽(Nesidiocoris tenuis39.67
ALC42845.1果蝇(Drosophila busckii39.64
KYN44668.1北方皱切叶蚁(Trachymyrmex septentrionalis38.62
XP_050694347.1中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis44.35
XP_053653254.1红螯螯虾(Cherax quadricarinatus35.57
), ArticleFig(id=1215325293930271514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062582253416592, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

卤虫fru基因编码蛋白的氨基酸序列与其他物种的相似性比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序列号物种名称序列相似性/%
RXG68647.1鼠妇(Armadillidium vulgare45.95
XP_020279362.1牛角刺槐蚁(Pseudomyrmex gracilis42.11
KOB68495.1冬尺蠖蛾(Operophtera brumata41.44
XP_015115225.1胡峰(Diachasma alloeum41.23
XP_012350829.1小蜜蜂(Apis florea40.35
XP_014274254.1茶翅蝽(Halyomorp hahalys40.35
XP_032451896.1寄生蜂(Nasonia vitripennis40.35
OXU22454.1灿金小蜂(Trichomalopsis sarcophagae40.35
XP_016919575.1中华蜜蜂(Apis cerana40.35
CAA9998384.1烟盲蝽(Nesidiocoris tenuis39.67
ALC42845.1果蝇(Drosophila busckii39.64
KYN44668.1北方皱切叶蚁(Trachymyrmex septentrionalis38.62
XP_050694347.1中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis44.35
XP_053653254.1红螯螯虾(Cherax quadricarinatus35.57
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无效基因fruitless参与卤虫Artemia franciscana的生殖调控研究
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李科 1, 3 , 任翊卓 2 , 韩学凯 1, 3, * , 刘雪 1, 3 , 隋丽英 1, 3, *
海洋学报 | 论文 2023,45(10): 114-122
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海洋学报 | 论文 2023, 45(10): 114-122
无效基因fruitless参与卤虫Artemia franciscana的生殖调控研究
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李科1, 3 , 任翊卓2, 韩学凯1, 3, * , 刘雪1, 3, 隋丽英1, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1 天津科技大学 亚洲区域卤虫参考中心,天津 300457
  • 2 河北环境工程学院 入海河流及近岸海域生态修复河北省工程研究中心,河北 秦皇岛 066102
  • 3 天津科技大学 海洋资源化学与食品技术教育部重点实验室,天津 300457
  • 李科(1998—),男,山东省菏泽市人,研究方向为水产动物遗传育种。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*韩学凯,男,博士,助理研究员,研究方向为水产动物遗传育种。E-mail:;
隋丽英,女,博士,教授,研究方向为卤水生物资源开发与利用。E-mail:
Reproductive regulation of fruitless gene in brine shrimp Artemia franciscana
Ke Li1, 3 , Yizhuo Ren2, Xuekai Han1, 3, * , Xue Liu1, 3, Liying Sui1, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1Asia Regional Artemia Reference Center, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
  • 2Hebei Engineering Research Center for Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Coastal Areas, Hebei University of Environmental Engineering, Qinhuangdao 066102, China
  • 3Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Chemistry and Food Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
出版时间: 2023-10-01 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023139
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fruitlessfru)是在昆虫与甲壳动物求偶、交配行为以及生殖发育过程中发挥关键作用的基因。卤虫不仅是水产育苗的重要开口饲料,而且是生物学研究的重要实验生物。本实验通过对卤虫Artemia franciscana转录组的筛选,获得了fru基因的开放阅读框(ORF)并进行生物信息学分析,利用qPCR技术研究了它在卤虫生殖腺发育的不同阶段的表达情况,最后利用RNAi显微注射技术,深入探索了它的功能。经过生物信息学分析,fru基因的ORF长度为1 215 bp,其中包含了404个氨基酸,其分子量和等电点分别为45.19 kDa和5.28,属于酸性亲水性蛋白,且不含信号肽和跨膜结构;结构域预测显示fru存在BTB_POZ和HTH两个结构域,二级结构主要由α-螺旋和无规则卷组成,三级结构与其对应。qPCR结果显示,fru基因的表达量在卵囊的晚期胚胎中表现出明显的增加趋势,其表达量显著高于其他发育阶段(P < 0.01);而在精巢的未成熟期,fru基因的表达量也有所增加,其表达量显著高于成熟早期、中期和晚期(P < 0.01)。经过RNA干扰,我们发现fru基因的表达量有了显著的下降(P < 0.01),并且经过受到干扰的雌虫后代都为休眠卵。这表明fru基因对于A. franciscana的生殖和发育有着重要的影响,甚至可能是影响卤虫繁殖方式的关键因素。通过本次研究,我们获得了关于fru基因在卤虫生殖发育中的作用及其相关分子机制的重要信息,可以帮助我们更好地理解这一重要的生物学过程。

卤虫  /  fru基因  /  性腺  /  基因表达特征  /  RNAi  /  生殖发育

fruitless (fru) gene plays an important role in courtship, mating behavior and reproductive development of insectsand crustaceans. Artemia is not only the crucial live food in fish and crustacean larviculture, but also an ideal experimental organism for biological study. In this experiment, the open reading frame (ORF) of fru gene was obtained from the transcriptome of Artemia franciscana and analyzed bioinformatically. qPCR was used to study the expression characteristics of this gene at different stages of gonad development in the Artemia, and its function was explored by RNAi microinjection. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the ORF length of fru gene was 1 215 bp, which contains 404 amino acids, while its molecular weight and isoelectric point were 45.19 kDa and 5.28, and it was an acidic hydrophilic protein with no signal peptide or transmembrane structure; structural domain prediction showed that there are two structural domains of fru, BTB_POZ and HTH. The secondary structure is dominated by α-helix and irregular coil, and the tertiary structure corresponds to it. The qPCR results showed that the expression of fru gene showed a significant increase in late embryos stage, and its expression was significantly higher than that of early oocyte, later oocyte and early embryo stages in the ovary (P < 0.01); while the expression of fru gene also increased in immature stage of the testis, and its expression was significantly higher than that of early, middle and late maturation stages (P < 0.01). After RNA interference, we found that there was a significant decrease in the expression of the fru gene (P < 0.01), and all the offspring produced were cysts. This suggests that the fru gene has an important effect on reproduction and development of A. franciscana, and may be a key factor influencing the reproductive mode of Artemia. Through this study, we obtained important information about the role of fru gene in the reproductive development of Artemia and their related molecular mechanisms, which can help us better understand this important biological process.

Artemia  /  fru gene  /  gonad  /  gene expression character  /  RNAi  /  reproductive development
李科, 任翊卓, 韩学凯, 刘雪, 隋丽英. 无效基因fruitless参与卤虫Artemia franciscana的生殖调控研究. 海洋学报, 2023 , 45 (10) : 114 -122 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2023139
Ke Li, Yizhuo Ren, Xuekai Han, Xue Liu, Liying Sui. Reproductive regulation of fruitless gene in brine shrimp Artemia franciscana[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2023 , 45 (10) : 114 -122 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2023139
fruitlessfru)基因在果蝇中首次被发现,其编码蛋白含有一个二聚体化相关的BTB功能结构域,并在C末端具有锌指(ZnF)结构域作为与DNA结合的识别区[1]fru基因是性别特异性剪接的[23],近年来对果蝇性行为的神经和遗传机制的研究表明fru基因可调节果蝇求偶电路形成并影响其对信息素的敏感性[46],从而改变果蝇的求偶行为。研究表明,fru基因敲降不但可导致雄性德国小蠊(Blattella germanica)求偶行为发生障碍[1],而且会降低桔小实蝇(Bactrocera dorsalis)和家蚕(Bombyx mori)的交配率,延长其交配时间[78]。此外,fru基因敲降后还会导致雄性沙漠蝗(Schistocerca gregaria)繁殖力下降[9]。尽管甲壳类动物与昆虫之间进化关系较近[1011],但目前有关于fru基因在甲壳动物中的报道较少。已有研究发现,Spfru2基因在拟穴青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)卵巢和精巢的发育和成熟过程中发挥重要作用[12];在中华绒螯蟹 (Eriocheir sinensis )中,fru基因有Esfru1Esfru2两种可变剪接异构体,而Esfru2可能与螃蟹的雄性性别决定有关[13],同样在红鳌螯虾(Cherax quadricarinatus)中,fru基因在精巢中的表达水平高于在卵巢,并参与其性别决定和分化过程[14]。由此可见,fru基因在参与昆虫和甲壳动物的求偶交配、性别决定及生殖发育等方面都起着重要作用。
卤虫(Brine shrimp, Artemia)是一种普遍存在于全球各地的小型甲壳动物[15],它们不仅可以栖息在沿海盐场和内陆盐湖的高盐水体中,还可以作为卤水生态系统的重要组成部分,起到调节生态的作用,卤虫是高盐水体中浮游植物的主要消费者,也是水鸟的食物[1617]。卤虫卵易保存,孵化操作方便,无节幼体营养十分丰富,是海水鱼虾蟹水产苗种重要的鲜活饵料[18]。此外,卤虫拥有孤雌和两性两种生殖方式,以及产休眠卵和幼体两种后代繁殖方式,其较短的世代、特殊的休眠和去休眠机制、易于实验室培养等特征,使其成为研究表观遗传学、发育生物学和进化生物学良好的实验材料。卤虫的性别决定受到WZ-ZZ 性别决定系统的影响[1920],同时,masc也被认为是调节卤虫性别分化的关键因素[21]。此外,p90 RSK也能够参与卤虫卵母细胞的成熟、休眠胚胎的周期以及胚胎的发育,小热休克蛋白p26也能够对休眠生殖的进行起到重要的作用[22];本实验室最近研究表明piwi基因敲降也会影响卤虫产后代的方式,诱导卤虫产休眠卵[23]
鉴于fru基因在昆虫和甲壳动物生殖和性别决定方面起着关键的作用,在本研究中,我们选择了Afruitless franciscana作为研究对象,通过生物信息学分析,qPCR检测和RNAi技术探索了其在卤虫生殖发育方面的功能。
本实验在28℃的光照条件下(24 L : 0 D),对A. franciscana (VinhChau strain)进行孵化培养,每升卤水放置500只卤虫,每天投喂新鲜盐生杜氏藻(Dunaliellasalina) 3次,每次3 mL,投喂量随卤虫发育而增加。根据孙瑜霞[24]关于两性卤虫胚胎发育的描述, 收集雌性卤虫卵黄发生早期(孵化后约16 d)、卵黄发生晚期(孵化后约19 d)、早期胚胎(孵化后约20 d)、晚期胚胎(孵化后约25 d)各个时期的卵巢。通过观察雄性卤虫精巢的形态特征及成熟程度, 将雄虫分为未成熟期(孵化后约8 d)、成熟早期(孵化后约13 d)、成熟中期(孵化后约19 d)、成熟晚期(孵化后约25 d)并收集各个时期的精巢,液氮冷冻解剖好的组织,随后放于–80℃冰箱中进行保存。
取卤虫的精巢组织和卵巢组织进行总RNA的提取(Trizol法),检测RNA质量和浓度后,将符合要求的样品放置于–80℃冰箱保存。通过TaKaRa试剂盒将RNA样品反转录为cDNA存于–20℃冰箱备用。
经过筛选,我们从A. franciscana转录组数据库中获取了fru基因序列(PRJNA541424),该序列包含完整的开放阅读框(Open Reading Frame, ORF)。使用Primer Premier 5软件设计了特异性引物(表1)以确保基因序列的准确性,并将它们拼接在一起,最终进行比对。使用PCR技术对卤虫cDNA进行扩增,并使用1.2%琼脂糖凝胶电泳,确定目标基因条带,最终得到单一且清晰的PCR产物。引物合成和序列测序均由北京华大基因科技有限公司完成。
通过ORF Finder-NCBI、ExPASy-ProtParam、TMHMM Server V 2.0、SignallP-5.0 Server、PSORT II Prediction、CDD、SOPMA以及SWISS-MODEL等在线软件(表2),对fru基因的开放阅读框、理化性质、亲/疏水性、跨膜结构、信号肽、亚细胞定位、保守结构域、二级和三级结构进行了预测。此外,通过MEGA11软件,对ML系统进化树进行了构建。
通过qPCR(美国伯乐Bio-rad)对卤虫卵巢和精巢不同发育时期组织中的表达水平进行检测(TB Green Premix Ex Taq II试剂盒),使用GAPDH作为内参,对每个组织样本进行3次生物学重复和3次技术重复,采用PCR(预变性3 min,变性10 s,60℃退火30 min,共进行40次循环),利用2−△△Ct法测定各个组织样本中目标基因的相对表达量,最后使用SPSS 25.0软件进行单因素方差分析,当P < 0.05时,表明差异显著;当P < 0.01时,表明差异极显著。
采用Primer Premier 5软件设计合成fru基因和EGFP基因(阴性对照)的dsRNA引物,fru基因ORF片段经PCR扩增和纯化后连接至pGM-T载体上,并从中提取出质粒。为了获得dsRNA,我们使用体外转录试剂盒对质粒进行体外转录,并对其进行纯化,以确保消化反应的质量[25]。按上述方法合成EGFP基因的dsRNA。我们选取生存能力良好、卵黄发生早期的雌虫,设置为对照组(dsEGFP)和干扰组(dsfru),每组60只,并在其外骨骼和肠道之间的开放循环体腔内进行微量注射。将含有dsRNA的磷酸缓冲液与0.1%酚红按1∶1的比例混合得到dsRNA微注射液,每只雌虫注射1 μL含1000 ng dsRNA的微注射液。注射成功的卤虫放入50 mL试管中单独培养,并进行雌雄配对。当雌虫发育到卵黄发生晚期、早期胚胎、晚期胚胎时收集卵囊,每个时期设置3个平行,每个平行收集5个卵囊,利用qPCR测定干扰效果。剩余的对照组和干扰组雌性卤虫各15只继续培养至产生后代,记录并观察产生后代情况,并使用SPSS 25.0软件进行卡方检验。
fru基因的PCR产物进行电泳检测,条带清晰且单一。拼接比对后发现,扩增序列长度与目的基因相符,经过验证后得到卤虫fru基因ORF序列,序列长度为1 215 bp,共编码404个氨基酸。
氨基酸序列比对结果显示,卤虫fru蛋白同其他物种的fru蛋白相对较近,范围在35.57%~45.95%之间(表3),与甲壳纲、昆虫纲中的鼠妇(Armadillidium vulgare)、牛角刺槐蚁(Pseudomyrmex gracilis)等相关物种的fru基因氨基酸序列相似性较高;同果蝇(Drosophila busckii)、北方皱切叶蚁(Trachymyrmex septentrionalis)和红螯螯虾(Cherax quadricarinatus)的相似性较低。基于fru蛋白质序列构建ML系统进化树(图1),表明卤虫fru基因氨基酸序列与其他物种有较大差异。
fru基因编码蛋白的分子式为C1954H3069N555O638S20,它的分子质量为45.19 kDa,理论等电点为5.28,不稳定指数为39.97,氨基酸总数达404,谷氨酸和丝氨酸的含量最高,达到8.4%,亮氨酸的含量也很高,达到了7.2%。负电荷的氨基酸有59个,而正电荷的氨基酸有44个。经过亲/疏水性分析,这种蛋白质具有较高的亲水性,其平均亲水性小于0(–0.621)。残疾分布结果显示,最高峰值为1.389(69位点处的异亮氨酸),最小峰值为–3.267(201位点处的谷氨酸)(图2a)。
经过信号肽分析后发现,fru基因编码蛋白无信号肽(图2b)。亚细胞定位发现该蛋白主要分布在细胞核内(47.8%),其次为细胞质(34.8%)、线粒体(8.7%),在细胞骨架(4.3%)和高尔基体(4.3%)中分布最少。
fru基因编码蛋白无跨膜结构域(图2c)。经过对fru基因编码蛋白的结构域预测,发现它具有两个结构域:BTB_POZ(第28~111位氨基酸)和HTH(第283~319位氨基酸)(图2d)。
经过二级结构预测,fru蛋白的二级结构元素可以归纳为4种:α-螺旋、延伸链、β-转角以及无规则卷,其中无规则卷占比最高,达到156个,如图3a所示。通过对蛋白质的三级结构模型的分析,发现其主要特征是无规则卷、α-螺旋以及延伸链,这些特征与我们的二级结构预测一致(图3b)。
研究发现,fru基因的表达量在卤虫卵巢和精巢的发育过程中都有显著的变化,其中,在卵巢的发育过程中,表达量先出现下降,然后上升,最终又出现下降的趋势。fru基因在精巢中未成熟期的表达量明显高于其他发育阶段,表达量显著增加(P < 0.01),成熟早期和晚期相比差异不大;晚期胚胎时期的fru基因表达量最高,显著高于其他发育阶段(P < 0.01) (图4)。
经过注射dsfru,雌性卤虫卵黄发育晚期、早期胚胎和晚期胚胎阶段都能够检测到fru基因的表达量,而且与对照组的dsEGFP相比,表达量显著下降(P < 0.01),干扰效率达到了94%、96%和97%,这表明RNA敲除实验取得了成功(图5)。经过显微注射后发现,在15只注射dsfru的雌性卤虫中,有6只存活,而在15只注射dsEGFP的雌性卤虫中,有11只存活。对照组(dsEGFP)和干扰组(dsfru)的后代产出方式不同,其中,对照组的卤虫中有9只产出无节幼体,2只产出休眠卵,而实验组的卤虫则全部产出休眠卵。经过卡方检验,我们发现对照组和干扰组在产卵和产幼方面存在显著差异(P < 0.01)。因此,我们认为fru基因的敲除能够促进卤虫产生休眠卵。
卤虫fru基因的ORF总长度为1 215 bp,编码404个氨基酸,这与Li等[13]描述的中华绒螯蟹的fru基因序列结果相似。生物信息学分析显示,fru基因编码蛋白分子质量为45.19 kDa,GRAVY为–0.612,推测该蛋白为亲水性蛋白;氨基酸含量最多的是谷氨酸和丝氨酸,均占比为8.4%,其次是亮氨酸 (7.2%),由于负电荷残基数量大于正电荷残基数,因此这种蛋白质具有负电荷特征,其pI值达到5.28,表明其偏酸性;此外,它的不稳定指数也达到了39.97,这表明它具有一定的稳定性,可以被认为是一种稳定的酸性亲水性蛋白。卤虫fru基因编码蛋白保守结构域与中华绒螯蟹和红螯螯虾的结果相同[1314],主要由一个BTB结构域组成,而夏威夷果蝇(Drosophilu silvestris)和寄生蜂(Nasonia vitripennis)等包含BTB结构域和锌指结构域[2627]。我们推测可能是锌指结构域在卤虫fru基因中缺失,进化成更复杂的调控区域,或由其他结构或位点发挥作用。
本研究通过qPCR检测fru基因在卤虫生殖腺中不同发育时期的表达量来探究其对卤虫的调控功能,结果表明fru基因在卤虫精巢发育过程中表达水平呈现先下降后上升再下降的趋势,这与fru基因在雄性德国小蠊(Blattella germanica)生殖腺中的表达趋势是一致的[1],在雄性卤虫中未成熟期表达量最高,fru基因作为雄性求偶行为的主要调节因子[5],可能在卤虫精巢发育过程中发挥着作用。fru基因在卵巢整个发育过程中呈现出与精巢相反的表达趋势,fru基因在晚期胚胎表达量显著高于其他发育时期,这与拟穴青蟹中fru基因的表达趋势有所不同[12],这可能是由于fru基因在不同物种中行使功能不同。除此之外,卤虫fru基因的表达水平显示该基因在卵巢中的表达高于在精巢中的表达,这表明fru基因可能在卤虫A. franciscana的生殖和繁育方式中起到尤为重要的作用。
卤虫的生物学机制包括抗逆性、滞育、细胞分裂、发育分化和繁殖等[2831]。为了更好地了解fru基因的作用,我们对处于卵黄发生早期的雌性卤虫进行了显微注射,并使用qPCR技术检测了RNA干扰后雌性卤虫的干扰效率,结果显示,fru基因的干扰效率高达95%以上,这一结果非常显著。尽管对照组(dsEGFP)和干扰组的胚胎发育周期与正常未进行显微注射卤虫的胚胎发育周期一致,但是由于RNA干扰的原因,干扰组的卤虫胚胎出现了滞育,从而导致了休眠卵的出现。在以往的研究中,对于fru基因的研究通常在雄性中进行,并影响雄性的求偶行为或者生育力下降[1, 9, 14, 3234],在沙漠蝗(Schistocerca gregaria)中,fru基因的敲降不仅可以使交配的时间延缓,还会导致繁育能力降低(精子数量显著减少)[32],表明fru基因可能在沙漠蝗交配和繁殖相关过程中起着重要作用。在本次研究中,fru基因的敲除会显著改变雌性卤虫的胚胎发育,从而影响其生殖和发育,这种现象很有可能是由于卤虫的繁殖模式所决定的。有趣的是,雌性卤虫在交配之前会释放一种信息素去触发雄性卤虫的求偶行为[35],而fru基因与这种信息素之间可能存在着某种联系,fru基因和信息素、内分泌激素共同发挥作用,在内部和外部的双重调控下[36],影响卤虫A. franciscana的生殖行为。
本研究首次鉴定了两性生殖卤虫A. franciscanafru基因,结果表明fru基因在卤虫生殖发育及生殖方式决定过程中起重要作用,为后期开展fru基因的分子机制和功能研究提供了基础数据,并对完善甲壳动物生殖发育调控基础理论及推进卤虫的遗传育种工作具有重要意义。
  • 天津市自然科学基金项目 (18JCQNJC78500);天津市科技支撑计划项目(17ZXZYNC00060);教育部长江学者和创新团队发展计划项目(IRT-17R81)。
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2023年第45卷第10期
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doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023139
  • 接收时间:2023-04-09
  • 首发时间:2025-12-28
  • 出版时间:2023-10-01
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  • 收稿日期:2023-04-09
  • 修回日期:2023-06-15
基金
天津市自然科学基金项目 (18JCQNJC78500);天津市科技支撑计划项目(17ZXZYNC00060);教育部长江学者和创新团队发展计划项目(IRT-17R81)。
作者信息
    1 天津科技大学 亚洲区域卤虫参考中心,天津 300457
    2 河北环境工程学院 入海河流及近岸海域生态修复河北省工程研究中心,河北 秦皇岛 066102
    3 天津科技大学 海洋资源化学与食品技术教育部重点实验室,天津 300457

通讯作者:

*韩学凯,男,博士,助理研究员,研究方向为水产动物遗传育种。E-mail:;
隋丽英,女,博士,教授,研究方向为卤水生物资源开发与利用。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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