Article(id=1212062426556666222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1212062420277792984, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12284/hyxb2023106, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1675353600000, receivedDateStr=2023-02-03, revisedDate=1681920000000, revisedDateStr=2023-04-20, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766907801522, onlineDateStr=2025-12-28, pubDate=1693411200000, pubDateStr=2023-08-31, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766907801522, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766907801522, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766907801522, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1212062420277792984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2023', volume='45', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='190', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766907800024, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766924671641, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1212133185010398004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1212062420277792984, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1212133185010398005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1212062420277792984, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=86, endPage=95, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1212062427491996028, articleId=1212062426556666222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Environmental adaptability and interspecific relationships of demersal fishes in the coastal waters of Shandong in summer explored by HMSC models, columnId=1194652705852465724, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Traditional species distribution models rarely incorporate interspecific relationships into the modeling framework, which hinders their predictions of habitat distributions. In recent years, joint species distribution models (JSDMs) have drawn increasing attentions, but their practical applications remain rare in the marine realm. In this study, we used the HMSC (hierarchical modelling of species communities) method to study their relationships between 17 demersal fish species and environmental factors and the interspecific correlation. The model was built on the basis of bottom trawling data collected in the coastal waters of Shandong in summer, 2017, including the environmental data of water depth, bottom water temperature and bottom water salinity. Five variants of HMSC models were developed with respect to the linear or nonlinear relationships between species and the environmental variables and the exists of random effects, and WAIC and other indicators as well as cross-validation were used to evaluate the performances of fitting and prediction of these models. The results showed that the optimal model was the one incorporating nonlinear relationships and random effects (Model 5). The nonlinear models were generally superior to the linear models, and including the interspecific relationships in the model could improve model fitting performances. Temperature was the main factor influencing the distribution of demersal fishes in the coastal waters of Shandong, accounting for 51.4% of the mean explained variance, followed by water depth and random effects, which accounted for 35.7% and 12.8% explained variance, respectively. There were significant linear positive correlations between most demersal fishes and water depth, and significant nonlinear relationships with water temperature. There were significant interspecific correlations among the demersal fishes, which could be roughly divided into three groups according to the sign of the correlations, indicating that the interspecies relationships played an important role in shaping species distributions. This study suggested that the abiotic factors and biotic factors should be integrated in species distribution modeling, and our results might provide a guideline for the prediction of habitat distribution of fishery resources.

, correspAuthors=Chongliang Zhang, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2023 Pratacultural Science. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Tianheng Xu, Chongliang Zhang, Ying Xue, Binduo Xu, Yupeng Ji, Yiping Ren), CN=ArticleExt(id=1212062428645429683, articleId=1212062426556666222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=基于HMSC模型分析山东近海夏季底层鱼类的环境适应性与种间关系, columnId=1149698756456657529, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

传统的物种分布模型很少将种间关系纳入建模框架中,妨碍了对物种栖息分布的准确预测。近年来联合物种分布模型(JSDMs)越来越受到关注,但在海洋领域实际应用仍较为缺乏。本研究根据2017年夏季山东近海底拖网调查数据,结合水深、底层水温和底层盐度等环境数据,采用物种群落层次模型(HMSC)方法研究了山东近海17种底层鱼类与环境因素之间的关系和种间相关性。本研究根据生物与环境之间的线性或非线性关系以及随机效应构建了5种HMSC,并利用广泛适用信息准则(WAIC)等指标以及交叉验证方法,评价了模型拟合程度和预测效果。结果表明,最优模型为包含随机效应的非线性模型(模型五),非线性模型优于线性模型,且在模型中考虑种间关系能明显地提高模型的拟合效果。温度是影响山东近海底层鱼类分布的主要因素,占平均可解释方差的51.4%,其次是水深和随机效应,分别占35.7%和12.8%。山东近海大部分底层鱼类与水深存在显著线性正相关关系,而与水温存在显著的非线性关系。底层鱼类种间具有显著相关性,按其相关性的正负可大致分为3组,表明种间关系在预测物种分布方面的作用不容忽视。本研究建议,在建模中应同时考虑非生物因素和生物之间的相互关系,研究结果为预测渔业资源栖息分布提供了重要参考。

, correspAuthors=张崇良, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*张崇良,副教授,主要从事渔业资源评估与生态系统模拟。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《海洋学报》编辑部 2023, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=LuGu23O66q85b2tQo5EJ0Q==, magXml=g+d85MiVSlT6N+l20qvkqQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=htftvNWgM8tvSda77i6trw==, pdfFileSize=1428384, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=ye++6oAkCk7Mvy1wOlhbxA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=RVBzyY61owxTUk48XgJ7JA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

徐天姮(2000-),女,山东省枣庄市人,主要从事物种分布模型研究。E-mail:

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Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2011., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1215323589428035602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062426556666222, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划(2022YFD2401301)。, fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1215323583551816421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062426556666222, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215323583560205030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062426556666222, companyId=1215323583551816421, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中国海洋大学 水产学院,山东 青岛 266003)]), AuthorCompany(id=1215323583656674028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062426556666222, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215323583665062637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062426556666222, companyId=1215323583656674028, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China)]), AuthorCompany(id=1215323583744754419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062426556666222, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215323583757337332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062426556666222, companyId=1215323583744754419, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 海州湾渔业生态系统教育部野外科学观测研究站,山东 青岛 266003)]), AuthorCompany(id=1215323583841223416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062426556666222, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215323583849612024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062426556666222, companyId=1215323583841223416, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Field Observation and Research Station of Haizhou Bay Fishery Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1215323587859366829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062426556666222, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Bottom trawl survey stations of fishery resources in the coastal waters of Shandong, figureFileSmall=C5Gc2RezeoZ7tK2XwpjRWw==, figureFileBig=T83rDCjD9Kie8Xsneutaog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215323587955835824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062426556666222, language=CN, label=图1, caption=山东近海底拖网渔业资源调查站位, figureFileSmall=C5Gc2RezeoZ7tK2XwpjRWw==, figureFileBig=T83rDCjD9Kie8Xsneutaog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215323588060693428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062426556666222, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=R2comparison of five HMSC models of main demersal fishes in the coastal waters of Shandong

The boxplots represent R2 in model prediction using cross validation; the red cross represents R2 in model fitting; the x-coordinate denotes 17 species (Tab.1)

, figureFileSmall=ki3TbedPS/f7n4WWn2hHxw==, figureFileBig=/5yqCqQksPht5hIC6AKDRQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215323588165551033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062426556666222, language=CN, label=图2, caption=山东近海主要底层鱼类5个HMSC模型的R2比较

箱线图表示使用交叉验证的模型预测性的R2;红色十字表示模型拟合度的R2;横坐标为17个物种(表1

, figureFileSmall=ki3TbedPS/f7n4WWn2hHxw==, figureFileBig=/5yqCqQksPht5hIC6AKDRQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215323588262020032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062426556666222, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Variogram of interpretation rates of 17 species of bottom fishes in the coastal waters of Shandong, figureFileSmall=92TAAeFlcZTMcs9atHTzlg==, figureFileBig=02HyU9BoLb3f2ItFqBUM6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215323588329128901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062426556666222, language=CN, label=图3, caption=山东近海17种底层鱼类解释率的方差划分图, figureFileSmall=92TAAeFlcZTMcs9atHTzlg==, figureFileBig=02HyU9BoLb3f2ItFqBUM6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215323588429792204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062426556666222, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Significance of species responses to environmental factors

The y-coordinate represents 17 species of bottom fishes respectively (Tab.1); in the x-coordinate, C1 is the intercept, C2 is the regression coefficient corresponding to the water depth, C3 and C4 are the β parameters corresponding to the primary and secondary terms of SBT, respectively; red indicates a significant positive correlation between species and environment, blue indicates a significant negative correlation between species and environment, white indicates no significant correlation between species and environment

, figureFileSmall=OvmE298BqMc7GbL1WjAlFg==, figureFileBig=72MPBWlCc6BEzlGaNPM/+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215323588509483985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062426556666222, language=CN, label=图4, caption=物种对环境因子响应的显著性

纵坐标分别代表17种底层鱼类(表1);横坐标中C1为截距,C2为水深对应的回归系数,C3和C4分别为SBT一次项和二次项对应的β参数;红色表示物种与环境具有显著正相关,蓝色表示物种与环境具有显著负相关,白色表示物种与环境没有显著相关性

, figureFileSmall=OvmE298BqMc7GbL1WjAlFg==, figureFileBig=72MPBWlCc6BEzlGaNPM/+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215323588584981463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062426556666222, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Interspecific relationships among 17 demersal fishes in the coastal waters of Shandong

Red indicates a positive correlation between species; blue indicates a negative correlation between species

, figureFileSmall=ESR45w7p/mNko+cwbFbbkg==, figureFileBig=C2kx7LaEGJ9noNukP5jifQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215323588664673242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062426556666222, language=CN, label=图5, caption=山东近海17种底层鱼类的种间关系

红色表示物种之间有正相关性;蓝色表示物种之间有负相关性

, figureFileSmall=ESR45w7p/mNko+cwbFbbkg==, figureFileBig=C2kx7LaEGJ9noNukP5jifQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215323588731782111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062426556666222, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

The major 17 species of demersal fishes in the coastal water of Shandong

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号物种学名平均标准化生物量/
(kg·h−1)
S1方氏云鳚Pholis fangi2.312
S2大泷六线鱼Hexagrammos otakii1.477
S3小黄鱼Pseudosciaena polyactis0.643
S4星康吉鳗Conger myriaster0.563
S5六丝钝尾虾虎鱼Chaeturichthys hexanema0.313
S6短吻红舌鳎Cynoglossus joyneri0.049
S7小眼绿鳍鱼Chelidonichthys spinosus2.543
S8细纹狮子鱼Liparis tanakae5.793
S9细条天竺鲷Apogonichthys lineatus0.392
S10矛尾虾虎鱼Chaeturichthys stigmatias0.162
S11吉氏绵鳚Enchelyopus gilli0.332
S12白姑鱼Argyrosomus argentatus0.993
S13长蛇鲻Saurida elongata0.341
S14高眼鲽Cleisthenes herzensteini0.457
S15皮氏叫姑鱼Johnius belangeri0.051
S16瓦氏鴨Callionymus valenciennei0.262
S17黄鮟鱇Lophius litulon4.993
), ArticleFig(id=1215323588836639718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062426556666222, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

山东近海17种主要底层鱼类

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号物种学名平均标准化生物量/
(kg·h−1)
S1方氏云鳚Pholis fangi2.312
S2大泷六线鱼Hexagrammos otakii1.477
S3小黄鱼Pseudosciaena polyactis0.643
S4星康吉鳗Conger myriaster0.563
S5六丝钝尾虾虎鱼Chaeturichthys hexanema0.313
S6短吻红舌鳎Cynoglossus joyneri0.049
S7小眼绿鳍鱼Chelidonichthys spinosus2.543
S8细纹狮子鱼Liparis tanakae5.793
S9细条天竺鲷Apogonichthys lineatus0.392
S10矛尾虾虎鱼Chaeturichthys stigmatias0.162
S11吉氏绵鳚Enchelyopus gilli0.332
S12白姑鱼Argyrosomus argentatus0.993
S13长蛇鲻Saurida elongata0.341
S14高眼鲽Cleisthenes herzensteini0.457
S15皮氏叫姑鱼Johnius belangeri0.051
S16瓦氏鴨Callionymus valenciennei0.262
S17黄鮟鱇Lophius litulon4.993
), ArticleFig(id=1215323588916331501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062426556666222, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Optimal models for the habitat distribution of main bottom fishes in the coastal waters of Shandong

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型类型物种与环境
的关系
是否存在
随机效应
环境变量
模型一线性Depth+SBT
模型二非线性Depth+SBT+SBT2
模型三1
模型四线性Depth+SBT
模型五非线性Depth+SBT+SBT2
), ArticleFig(id=1215323589033772021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062426556666222, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

山东近海主要底层鱼类栖息分布的最优模型

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型类型物种与环境
的关系
是否存在
随机效应
环境变量
模型一线性Depth+SBT
模型二非线性Depth+SBT+SBT2
模型三1
模型四线性Depth+SBT
模型五非线性Depth+SBT+SBT2
), ArticleFig(id=1215323589155406843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062426556666222, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Parameter comparison of five HMSC models for the main demersal fishes in the coastal waters of Shandong

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型类型WAICess 平均 (β)psrf 平均 (β)ess 平均 ($\varOmega $)psrf 平均 ($\varOmega $)
模型一2 073.041.00
模型二2 032.821.00
模型三17 876.67 833.141.86
模型四 2 107.111 935.821.001 202.291.01
模型五 1 817.332 035.901.011 943.301.00
), ArticleFig(id=1215323589272846338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062426556666222, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

山东近海主要底层鱼类5个HMSC模型的参数比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型类型WAICess 平均 (β)psrf 平均 (β)ess 平均 ($\varOmega $)psrf 平均 ($\varOmega $)
模型一2 073.041.00
模型二2 032.821.00
模型三17 876.67 833.141.86
模型四 2 107.111 935.821.001 202.291.01
模型五 1 817.332 035.901.011 943.301.00
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基于HMSC模型分析山东近海夏季底层鱼类的环境适应性与种间关系
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徐天姮 1, 2 , 张崇良 1, 2, * , 薛莹 1, 2 , 徐宾铎 1, 2 , 纪毓鹏 1, 2 , 任一平 1, 2
海洋学报 | 论文 2023,45(8): 86-95
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海洋学报 | 论文 2023, 45(8): 86-95
基于HMSC模型分析山东近海夏季底层鱼类的环境适应性与种间关系
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徐天姮1, 2 , 张崇良1, 2, * , 薛莹1, 2, 徐宾铎1, 2, 纪毓鹏1, 2, 任一平1, 2
作者信息
  • 1 中国海洋大学 水产学院,山东 青岛 266003
  • 2 海州湾渔业生态系统教育部野外科学观测研究站,山东 青岛 266003
  • 徐天姮(2000-),女,山东省枣庄市人,主要从事物种分布模型研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*张崇良,副教授,主要从事渔业资源评估与生态系统模拟。E-mail:
Environmental adaptability and interspecific relationships of demersal fishes in the coastal waters of Shandong in summer explored by HMSC models
Tianheng Xu1, 2 , Chongliang Zhang1, 2, * , Ying Xue1, 2, Binduo Xu1, 2, Yupeng Ji1, 2, Yiping Ren1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
  • 2Field Observation and Research Station of Haizhou Bay Fishery Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China
出版时间: 2023-08-31 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023106
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传统的物种分布模型很少将种间关系纳入建模框架中,妨碍了对物种栖息分布的准确预测。近年来联合物种分布模型(JSDMs)越来越受到关注,但在海洋领域实际应用仍较为缺乏。本研究根据2017年夏季山东近海底拖网调查数据,结合水深、底层水温和底层盐度等环境数据,采用物种群落层次模型(HMSC)方法研究了山东近海17种底层鱼类与环境因素之间的关系和种间相关性。本研究根据生物与环境之间的线性或非线性关系以及随机效应构建了5种HMSC,并利用广泛适用信息准则(WAIC)等指标以及交叉验证方法,评价了模型拟合程度和预测效果。结果表明,最优模型为包含随机效应的非线性模型(模型五),非线性模型优于线性模型,且在模型中考虑种间关系能明显地提高模型的拟合效果。温度是影响山东近海底层鱼类分布的主要因素,占平均可解释方差的51.4%,其次是水深和随机效应,分别占35.7%和12.8%。山东近海大部分底层鱼类与水深存在显著线性正相关关系,而与水温存在显著的非线性关系。底层鱼类种间具有显著相关性,按其相关性的正负可大致分为3组,表明种间关系在预测物种分布方面的作用不容忽视。本研究建议,在建模中应同时考虑非生物因素和生物之间的相互关系,研究结果为预测渔业资源栖息分布提供了重要参考。

联合物种分布模型(JSDMs)  /  物种群落层次模型(HMSC)  /  种间关系  /  模型比较  /  交叉验证

Traditional species distribution models rarely incorporate interspecific relationships into the modeling framework, which hinders their predictions of habitat distributions. In recent years, joint species distribution models (JSDMs) have drawn increasing attentions, but their practical applications remain rare in the marine realm. In this study, we used the HMSC (hierarchical modelling of species communities) method to study their relationships between 17 demersal fish species and environmental factors and the interspecific correlation. The model was built on the basis of bottom trawling data collected in the coastal waters of Shandong in summer, 2017, including the environmental data of water depth, bottom water temperature and bottom water salinity. Five variants of HMSC models were developed with respect to the linear or nonlinear relationships between species and the environmental variables and the exists of random effects, and WAIC and other indicators as well as cross-validation were used to evaluate the performances of fitting and prediction of these models. The results showed that the optimal model was the one incorporating nonlinear relationships and random effects (Model 5). The nonlinear models were generally superior to the linear models, and including the interspecific relationships in the model could improve model fitting performances. Temperature was the main factor influencing the distribution of demersal fishes in the coastal waters of Shandong, accounting for 51.4% of the mean explained variance, followed by water depth and random effects, which accounted for 35.7% and 12.8% explained variance, respectively. There were significant linear positive correlations between most demersal fishes and water depth, and significant nonlinear relationships with water temperature. There were significant interspecific correlations among the demersal fishes, which could be roughly divided into three groups according to the sign of the correlations, indicating that the interspecies relationships played an important role in shaping species distributions. This study suggested that the abiotic factors and biotic factors should be integrated in species distribution modeling, and our results might provide a guideline for the prediction of habitat distribution of fishery resources.

joint species distribution model (JSDMs)  /  hierarchical modelling of species communities (HMSC)  /  interspecies relationship  /  comparison of models  /  cross validation
徐天姮, 张崇良, 薛莹, 徐宾铎, 纪毓鹏, 任一平. 基于HMSC模型分析山东近海夏季底层鱼类的环境适应性与种间关系. 海洋学报, 2023 , 45 (8) : 86 -95 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2023106
Tianheng Xu, Chongliang Zhang, Ying Xue, Binduo Xu, Yupeng Ji, Yiping Ren. Environmental adaptability and interspecific relationships of demersal fishes in the coastal waters of Shandong in summer explored by HMSC models[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2023 , 45 (8) : 86 -95 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2023106
物种分布与环境因子之间的关系一直是生态学领域上研究的热点问题,了解物种丰度如何响应未来生境条件的变化,为渔业管理和资源保护提供了重要支持[1-4]。相关研究指出,物种分布是由非生物环境和物种之间的相互关系共同决定的[5-6],生物与环境之间存在许多线性和非线性关系,并且物种之间通过捕食、竞争和互利共生等关系紧密联系在一起[7]。但是,传统的物种分布模型(Species Distribution Model, SDM)主要关注于非生物环境对单个物种的影响,而往往忽视了物种之间的相互作用关系[8]。由于未能解释生物之间的相互作用,传统方法可能会提供一个过于简化的群落动态观点,妨碍对集群过程的理解和对种群分布的预测[8-10]
联合物种分布模型(Joint Species Distribution Model, JSDM)是近年来提出的一类新颖的模型方法[11],可以同时考虑非生物因素和种间关系的影响,为传统群落模型的缺陷提供了解决框架[12]。JSDM为解决群落生态学的相关问题提供了一个适用方法,在过去的10年里受到了广泛的关注[12]。作为一个快速发展的新兴研究领域,相关学者已开发出了多种JSDM方法[8, 11-12],但由于模型结构的复杂性、使用难度和数据要求等限制,当前JSDM的实际应用仍很少,在海洋领域鲜见报道。
本研究基于一种新开发的JSDM模型,即物种群落层次模型(Hierarchical Modelling of Species Communities,HMSC),分析了山东近海鱼类对环境的响应及其种间关系。通过变量筛选和交叉验证,评价了不同线性模型和非线性模型的拟合程度和预测效果,为预测物种的栖息分布提供技术参考。本研究旨在探讨鱼类对环境变化的响应以及种间相关性,为生物多样性保护以及海区规划提供信息支持,研究结果对海洋保护区的规划和渔业管理决策的制定具有指导意义。
物种相对生物量数据来源于2017年8月的山东近海夏季渔业资源底拖网调查,调查海域为35°00′~38°30′N,118°20′~123°50′E。调查海域包括3个区域,A区是位于渤海的莱州湾渔场,是半封闭的海洋生态系统[13];B区是位于黄海北部的烟威渔场及其临近海域;C区是位于山东半岛南部的邻近海域。采用定点设站的方法进行渔业资源调查,设置A区43站、B区49站和C区63站。由于近岸海域为许多鱼类重要的产卵场和育幼场,生态作用较为重要,因此对近海调查站位设计进行了加密。
调查船为单拖渔船,功率为 220 kW,拖曳时网口宽度约15 m,高度约7.53 m,囊网网目17 mm,样品的采集与处理均按照《海洋调查规范》(GB/T 12763.6−2007)[14]进行。对渔获物进行种类鉴定和体重测定,以计算各个站位的渔获量,按照拖网时间(1 h)以及拖速(3 kn)进行标准化处理得到单位网次渔获量(即标准化生物量Y,单位:kg/h)。考虑到底拖网的选择性和渔获样品的代表性,选取该海域相对生物量前17种底层鱼类进行分析。这17种底层鱼类占山东近海底层鱼类总生物量的近90%,具有较好代表性(表1)。
环境数据包括水深(Depth)、底层水温(SBT)和底层盐度(SBS),数据来自海洋环流模型FVCOM(Finite-Volume Coastal Ocean Model)[15]。该模型模拟的海域范围为35°~39°N,118°~124°E,分辨率为5′×5′,共有16 617个网格点。在该模型的基础上,采用克里金(Kriging)插值[16-17]估算对应站位环境数据,与生物数据相匹配。
本研究基于HMSC模型分析山东近海鱼类对环境的响应以及种间关系,该方法是JSDM的一种。一般而言,JSDM使用多个物种的丰度或出现频率作为响应变量,并将环境因子、物种之间的关联和物种特性纳入建模框架。这些模型通常利用广义线性回归的方法(Generalized Linear Model, GLM)将响应变量与环境变量相关联,并以随机效应的形式反映种间关系[8, 18]
早期的联合物种分布模型被表述为多元线性混合模型(Generalized Linear Mixed Model, GLMM),其中随机效应以非结构化方差−协方差矩阵的形式来表示[19-21]。由于方差−协方差矩阵中的参数数量随物种数量的增加而呈二次方增长,因此该方法只适用于少量的物种。通过引入隐变量模型(Latent Variable Model, LVM),后续研究克服了这一局限性[18, 22-23]。隐变量模型可以包含上百个物种,以及多结构层次和时空结构,并同时纳入多种不确定性因素,如未监测的环境因子等。
在原理上,隐变量模型基于以下公式:
$ g\left({m}_{ij}\right) = {{\beta }_{j}X}_{i}+{\lambda }_{j}{Z}_{i} \text{,} $
式中,$g\left(\;\right)$为连接函数;$ {m}_{ij} $表示物种j在采样点i的丰度或出现概率;X为观测到的预测变量;Z为隐变量;βλ是生物分别对于环境变量和隐变量的回归系数。λZ作为随机效应,λZ都需要根据观测数据进行估计[18]
本研究采用的HMSC即为一种基于隐变量的联合物种分布模型。该模型使用线性回归来整合环境变量和隐变量(LV)的影响,是采用贝叶斯层次方法的物种群落建模工具[24]。HMSC具有层次结构的特点,能够综合时空结构、物种特征和物种间的系统发育关系等信息[25-26]。模型的误差分布包括连续数据的正态分布、存在−不存在的概率分布、计数的泊松分布和对数泊松分布,本研究中选用对数转化后的正态分布。
通过将Y(标准化生物量)进行对数转化,得到ln(Y+1)作为响应变量[27],使用水深、SBT、SBS环境因子作为解释变量。本研究使用广泛适用信息准则(Widely Applicable Information Criterion,WAIC)值对3个环境变量进行筛选[28],WAIC数值越小,表明模型拟合越好,所包含的环境变量越适合本模型。将环境变量依次代入模型中,依据WAIC值最终决定纳入模型的环境变量。
考虑到环境因子与生物量之间可能存在非线性关系,本研究在模型中引入二次项[poly(X, 2)]以反映该非线性响应特征,并采用与以上同样的方法进行筛选,即在非线性模型中,根据WAIC值优化模型中的二次项对应的环境变量。根据物种与环境之间的线性或非线性关系以及是否包含随机效应,本研究共构建了5种模型,分别假设:物种与环境之间为线性关系、物种与环境之间存在非线性关系、只存在随机效应、物种与环境之间为线性关系加随机效应和物种与环境之间存在非线性关系加随机效应。最终根据5个模型的WAIC值选取最优模型进行结果分析,具体设置如表2所示。
本研究利用自相关调整样本量(ess)和潜在比例缩减系数(psrf)的值来评价模型的收敛[29]。ess值越大,表明变量之间的自相关性越弱,psrf值的上限越接近于1,表明模型的收敛性越好[29]。ess是由R语言中coda包的effectiveSize函数得到,psrf是由gelman.diag函数得到。WAIC值是由R语言中Hmsc包的computeWAIC函数得到。
本研究使用均方根误差(Root Mean Squared Error, RMSE)和$ {R}^{2} $两个指标来评估模型的拟合程度和预测性。RMSE衡量了预测值与真实值之间的偏差[30]$ {R}^{2} $结果在0~1之间,允许对不同的拟合和预测结果进行比较,$ {R}^{2} $值越接近于1,表明模型的拟合或预测效果越好[31]。RMSE和$ {R}^{2} $的计算公式为
$ {\rm{RMSE}}=\sqrt{\frac{1}{n}{\sum\limits _{i = 1}^n}{({O}_{i}-{P}_{i})}^{2}} \text{,} $
$ {R}^{2}=1-\frac{{\rm{SSE}}}{{\rm{SST}}} \text{,} $
式中,$ {O}_{i} $代表真实值;Pi代表预测值;$ n $代表真实值个数;SSE代表误差平方和;SST代表总离差平方和。
在模型预测性评估中使用了两折交叉验证,即将原始数据随机分成了两组,其中随机选取50%作为训练集来建立模型,剩余50%作为验证集来评估模型的预测性能。以训练模型来预测验证集中的物种分布,分别计算每次预测结果的RMSE和$ {R}^{2} $。此过程重复100次,使用100次的RMSE和$ {R}^{2} $来评价其模型的预测效果。
研究根据最优模型分析山东近海鱼类对环境的响应以及种间关系,其中使用方差划分方法分析17种底层鱼类中不同环境变量可解释部分占比。方差划分以R语言中Hmsc包的computeVariance-Partitioning函数实现,并使用plotVariance-Partitioning函数作图。
根据回归系数β分析各个物种对环境的响应,其值表示底层鱼类与不同环境因子的正、负相关性。利用潜在因子$\varOmega $参数分析种间关系,其值表示17种底层鱼类种间的不同相关性。回归系数β使用热图(Heatmap)表示,$\varOmega $参数使用R语言corrplot包的corrplot函数作图。
以上模型构建均在R4.2.1软件实现,HMSC使用了R语言中的Hmsc包进行构建(https://www.helsinki.fi/en/researchgroups/metapopulation-research-centre/HMSC)。
整体上,5个模型的ess值都比较大,psrf值都在1附近,收敛性较好。模型三相较于其他模型ess值小,psrf值较大,收敛性较差。比较模型四和模型五β$\varOmega $参数的ess和psrf值发现,β参数的自相关性明显要低于$\varOmega $参数(表3)。
根据WAIC值筛选出重要的环境变量,分别为水深和底层水温(SBT)。线性模型即为两者直接相加,非线性模型中SBT存在非线性关系。模型三和模型四的WAIC值较高,模型五稍低,而模型一和二中未包含随机效应,不能计算对应的WAIC(表3)。
研究根据RMSE和R2比较了5个模型在拟合和预测中的表现。由于两个指标反映趋势类似,这里以$ {R}^{2} $的取值结果进行展示。拟合和预测的R2在不同物种间具有很大差异,如图2所示。
在模型拟合度上,不包含随机效应的模型,即模型一和模型二$ \mathrm{的}{R}^{2} $值在所有物种中的均值分别为0.281和0.317,最小值分别为0.042和0.068,最大值分别为0.613和0.620。只加入随机效应的模型三拟合效果评价好,$ {R}^{2} $值在所有物种中的均值为0.404,最小值为0.032,最大值为0.817。加入随机效应的模型四和模型五拟合效果也较好,$ {R}^{2} $值优于前两个模型,在所有物种中的均值分别为0.367和0.413,最小值分别为0.052和0.095,最大值分别为0.986和0.806。
在模型的预测性上,所有模型预测的$ {R}^{2} $均低于对应模型拟合的结果,其中在模型三中二者的差异最大,而在无随机效应的模型一和模型二中其差异最小。各模型的$ {R}^{2} $均值变化范围分别为0.018~0.579、0.033~0.582、0、0.019~0.582和0.033~0.580。模型三$ {R}^{2} $取值都在0值附近,表明仅包含随机效应的模型不能进行很好地预测。
各模型对不同物种的预测效果较为一致。以模型五为例(图2),拟合度上对S10、S12、S13和S15,即矛尾虾虎鱼、白姑鱼、长蛇鲻和皮氏叫姑鱼拟合效果较差($ {R}^{2} $ < 0.2);对S1、S2、S8和S14,即方氏云鳚、大泷六线鱼、细纹狮子鱼和高眼鲽的拟合效果较好($ {R}^{2} $ > 0.6);对于剩余9种鱼的拟合效果一般(0.2 < $ {R}^{2} $ < 0.6)。
根据以上WAIC和交叉验证结果,本研究以模型五为最优模型进行进一步分析。通过对环境因子进行方差划分,反映了各个环境因子的可解释部分占比(图3)。
方差划分结果表明,底层水温占平均可解释方差的很大比例,在所有物种间平均为51.4%,而水深占平均可解释方差的比例较小,平均为35.7%。另外,随机效应占平均可解释方差的比例很小,为12.8%。但是对于个别物种,如S1(方氏云鳚)、S2(大泷六线鱼)、S8(细纹狮子鱼)、S11(吉氏绵鳚)、S16(瓦氏鴨)和S17(黄鮟鱇),随机效应占可解释方差的相对比例较大。
利用热图表示了生物对环境响应的显著性(图4),其结果表明大多数物种,包括S1(方氏云鳚)、S2(大泷六线鱼)、S3(小黄鱼)、S4(星康吉鳗)、S5(六丝钝尾虾虎鱼)、S7(小眼绿鳍鱼)、S8(细纹狮子鱼)、S11(吉氏绵鳚)、S12(白姑鱼)、S14(高眼鲽)、S16(瓦氏鴨)和S17(黄鮟鱇),与水深具有显著的正相关关系,而S6(短吻红舌鳎)与水深具有显著的负相关性。
SBT的一次项(C3)和二次项参数(C4)结果表明,底层水温与大部分物种的分布呈显著相关,而S10和S17,即矛尾虾虎鱼和黄鮟鱇与其关系不显著。此外,二次项参数(C4)对大部分物种均为显著相关(除S6、S10和S17),表明大多数物种与SBT间存在非线性关系。
本研究根据$\varOmega $参数分析了剔除环境效应后物种间的相关性(图5)。结果表明,山东近海17种主要底层鱼类可大致分为3组,其中方氏云鳚、黄鮟鱇、大泷六线鱼、细纹狮子鱼、吉氏绵鳚、高眼鲽之间具有较强的正相关(组1),瓦氏鴨、小黄鱼、星康吉鳗和小眼绿鳍鱼具有相对较强的正相关性(组2),细条天竺鲷、矛尾虾虎鱼、长蛇鲻、皮氏叫姑鱼和短吻红舌鳎种间也具有明显的正相关性(组3)。同时,组1和组2间具有相对较弱的正相关,而组3与前两组均具有明显的负相关关系。此外,六丝钝尾虾虎鱼和白姑鱼与3组各个物种的种间关系均较弱。
本研究利用HMSC模型,研究了山东近海物种对环境的响应和种间关系,结果表明非线性关系模型要优于线性关系模型,说明了考虑物种与环境之间非线性关系的必要性。另外,加入随机效应的模型拟合效果要普遍优于不加随机效应的模型,即在进行模型拟合中考虑种间关系可以提高模型的拟合效果。因此,建议将非生物环境因素和种间关系同时纳入物种分布模型中,以深入揭示影响物种分布的内在机制。
在不加入随机效应的模型,即模型一和模型二中,拟合度和预测性的$ {R}^{2} $值接近,而加入随机效应的拟合度$ {R}^{2} $会进一步提高,且对个别物种提高地非常明显。比如S2为大泷六线鱼,其喜在岩礁附近活动[32],随机效应一定程度上反映该缺失环境因素对物种分布的影响。另外,S8(细纹狮子鱼)以及S17(黄鮟鱇)等物种的拟合效果也有明显的提高,这两个物种均为山东近海典型的捕食者[32],因此加入随机效应较好地反映了种间关系对其分布的影响。以上说明在模型中考虑到种间关系会使模型的拟合效果更佳,验证了Guisan和Thuiller[33]的结论,证明在建模时应将非生物因素和生物之间的相互作用关系同时加入模型中。同时,加入随机效应后模型的预测效果与拟合效果相差较大,如模型四对S2(大泷六线鱼)拟合度的$ {R}^{2} $接近于1,而预测性的$ {R}^{2} $在0.3左右;模型五对S2的情况亦是如此,特别是模型三预测性的$ {R}^{2} $值均在0值左右。这一差异的原因在于预测性评价中使用了交叉验证。在交叉验证过程中,HMSC可以根据训练集数据估算各个站位隐变量的值与相应系数,但在测试集中隐变量值无法进行估算,导致包含随机效应的模型无法做出有效预测[34]。除模型三受该原因的显著限制外,其他两个随机模型也受到一定影响,而不包含随机效应的模型一和模型二则不受影响,因此对于后者拟合和预测的$ {R}^{2} $差异不大。
此外,除模型三外,其余的4个模型对S1、S2、S8和S14,即方氏云鳚、大泷六线鱼、细纹狮子鱼和高眼鲽的拟合效果较好,对S10、S12和S15,即矛尾虾虎鱼、白姑鱼和皮氏叫姑鱼拟合效果均较差,表现出一定的一致性。该结果一定程度上与物种生物量有关,如S1和S8等是鱼类群落中生物量高的物种。在物种分布模型中,当物种出现的站位较多并且生物量较大时,会使模型的拟合效果更好。如Mod等[35]的研究将覆盖度较大的优势种纳入物种分布模型中,发现模型的拟合和预测性能都有提高,并且减小了对物种分布预测的偏差。与之相反,S15生物量很低,在各个模型中预测效果均较差。除此之外,有些物种数量较多但预测效果不佳(如S3),或反之数量较少但预测效果较好(如S6),可能是因为生物受环境梯度的影响程度也会显著影响模型的预测效果[36]
在模型筛选的环境因子中,SBT平均可解释率占比最大,说明底层水温是影响山东近海底层鱼类分布的主要因素,这与吴桢等[37]的研究结果相一致。特别是S9(细条天竺带鲷)受SBT的影响最大,其解释方差占比接近90%。有研究显示,细条天竺鲷的产卵繁殖季节主要在夏、秋两个季节[38],本研究的调查季节是夏季,细条天竺鲷应正处于繁殖季节,可能对水温条件比较敏感,因此所受水温影响会比较大。相对的,短吻红舌鳎与水深和SBT的关系均为线性负相关(图4)。本研究中短吻红舌鳎多出现在山东近海A区,在B区和C区所捕捞的短吻红舌鳎数量较少。由于A区莱州湾水深较浅[13],且相对位置偏北,水温较低,可能导致了短吻红舌鳎的生物量与水深与底层水温呈显著的负相关。
水深可以直接影响海水的各种水文因素,包括透明度、叶绿素含量、盐度和流速等[39],因此水深也是影响物种分布的主要环境因素。水深的平均方差解释率占比较SBT小,可能是因为受底拖网调查的影响。山东近海调查站点的水深大部分在30 m以浅,17种底层鱼类中,分布在水深30 m以深的捕捞量较少,因此水深对17种底层鱼类的影响体现不足。但是水深对于S8(细纹狮子鱼)和S17(黄鮟鱇)的解释率较大,这可能是因为细纹狮子鱼和黄鮟鱇为大型冷温性鱼类[40],分布在水深较深海域。这两种底层鱼类随水深分布的数量变化较为明显,导致这两种鱼的水深解释率较大。
除了水深和底层水温之外,一些底层鱼类中随机效应的解释率也比较大,如S1(方氏云鳚)、S2(大泷六线鱼)、S8(细纹狮子鱼)和S17(黄鮟鱇),说明这些鱼类除了受水深和底层水温的影响外,还受其他因素的影响。在HMSC中,随机效应以隐变量形式给出,可能代表物种之间的相互影响,也可能代表缺失的环境因子效应,具体需要根据生物学或生态学信息进行解读,而不能从模型中直接进行判断[18]。由于本研究中所观测的环境因子较少,仅包含温度、盐度和水深,难以提供隐变量的佐证,因此其具体解析还待结合相关监测数据开展进一步探究。
在种间关系上,本研究根据HMSC模型识别了3个物种组。其中组1和组2中的物种均为山东近海的典型捕食者,这几种底层鱼类种间具有显著的正相关关系,可能是因为它们被共同的饵料生物吸引,在空间分布上形成近似模式[32, 40]。组1的物种包含方氏云鳚、黄鮟鱇、大泷六线鱼、细纹狮子鱼、高眼鲽,它们的饵料生物组成相似,其中脊腹褐虾( Crangon affinis)为这些物种共同的饵料生物[41-45]。另外,鳀鱼(Engraulis japonicus)为黄鮟鱇、大泷六线鱼、细纹狮子鱼以及高眼鲽的优势饵料生物[42-45]。组3的物种包含细条天竺鲷、矛尾虾虎鱼、长蛇鲻、皮氏叫姑鱼和短吻红舌鳎,虾类、端足类为这些物种的共同饵料生物,其中主要包括钩虾(Gammaridea spp.)、糠虾类(Mysidcea)等物种[46-50]。组2中的物种生态习性相似,均栖息于近岸沙质海底,并且在春末夏初进行产卵繁殖,并在产卵后进行近岸索饵[32, 51],构成较为相似的分布特征,因此种间存在显著正相关关系。而组1物种与组3物种种间关系存在显著的负相关关系,可能是因为这两组的物种分布在山东近海不同的海域,前一组物种大多分布在山东半岛南部较深海域,后一组物种大部分分布在莱州湾渔场与烟威渔场及其邻近海域,这两组物种生活习性和栖息环境上相差较大。应注意到,该结果仅基于夏季调查数据,而物种在不同季节的栖息分布和洄游特征未能反映在模型当中,因此物种组的构成特征以及群落结构的形成机制还待进一步解析。
本研究利用HMSC模型解析了17种底层鱼类分布特征,由于调查受到空间和时间的限制,模型的拟合和预测结果可能会受到一定程度的影响,导致模型的分析结果可能不会完全反映底层鱼类与环境之间的关系和物种之间的关系[52]。此外,山东近海的17种底层鱼类中,随机效应对多个鱼种解释率比较大,说明现有的环境变量不能完全反映物种的生境条件,可能存在其他的环境因子能够决定物种分布情况,但没有被观测。因此在今后的研究中,应补充观测更多的环境变量,以更好地揭示生物与环境的响应关系。
在模型的收敛性方面,根据相同模型的ess值发现,$\varOmega $参数相对于$\beta $参数的ess值较小。这是因为$\beta $参数为固定效应,$\varOmega $参数为随机效应,而在多变量模型中固定效应相对于随机效应的估计更加容易[29]。随机效应中存在显著的自相关性,可能导致模型拟合失败,这在未来的研究中应当引起注意。另外,在本研究的交叉验证中,包含随机效应的模型受到隐变量真值缺失的影响,模型无法进行有效预测。在未来的研究中应考虑加入时空效应,更好地估算隐变量分布,进一步改善模型的预测效果,如Tikhonov等[53]将时空效应加入模型中,揭示并预测了生物多样性的分布变化。此外,Peterson等[54]指出在不同的空间尺度下,环境因素以不同的机制作用于物种的分布,如气候变化和环境梯度等非生物的因素主要在大尺度空间影响物种的分布。因此,针对本研究的环境因子影响物种分布的具体生态学机制,还有待进一步解析。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2022YFD2401301)。
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2023年第45卷第8期
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doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023106
  • 接收时间:2023-02-03
  • 首发时间:2025-12-28
  • 出版时间:2023-08-31
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  • 收稿日期:2023-02-03
  • 修回日期:2023-04-20
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国家重点研发计划(2022YFD2401301)。
作者信息
    1 中国海洋大学 水产学院,山东 青岛 266003
    2 海州湾渔业生态系统教育部野外科学观测研究站,山东 青岛 266003

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*张崇良,副教授,主要从事渔业资源评估与生态系统模拟。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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