Article(id=1212062423993938639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1212062420277792984, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12284/hyxb2023094, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1672329600000, receivedDateStr=2022-12-30, revisedDate=1679500800000, revisedDateStr=2023-03-23, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766907800910, onlineDateStr=2025-12-28, pubDate=1693411200000, pubDateStr=2023-08-31, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766907800910, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766907800910, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766907800910, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1212062420277792984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2023', volume='45', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='190', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766907800024, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766924671641, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1212133185010398004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1212062420277792984, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1212133185010398005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1212062420277792984, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=24, endPage=30, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1212062424270762714, articleId=1212062423993938639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Two-dimensional sea surface current field inversion based on SAR sub-aperture decomposition, columnId=1194652705852465724, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Two single-scene SAR images observed by Radarsat-2 and Sentinel-1A were decomposed to obtain a pair of SAR sub-aperture images at different azimuth-angles, respectively. Doppler centroid anomaly method was used to invert the sea surface current of two sub-aperture images with different azimuth angles. The current field was obtained by vector synthesis. The inversion results were verified by the HYCOM model data with spatio-temporal matching. The results show that the root mean square (RMS) of the current velocity between the synthesized result by two sub-aperture images of Radarsat-2 and the HYCOM model data is 0.09 m/s, and the correlation coefficient is 0.64. The RMS of current direction is 10.49° and the correlation coefficient is 0.78 of this group data. As for the results of the Sentinel-1A image, the RMS of the current velocity is 0.06 m/s, and the correlation coefficient is 0.82. The RMS of the current direction is 2.85°, and the correlation coefficient is 0.86. It can be seen that the two-dimensional ocean currents field can be effectively inverted based on the two sub-aperture SAR images that decomposed from single-scene SAR image. The inversion accuracy is related to the relative direction of the radar’s looking direction and the real current vector. The inversion accuracy of the sea surface current field can be higher when the relative angle is small.

, correspAuthors=Hongli Miao, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2023 Pratacultural Science. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jiahui Zhang, Hongli Miao, Zhonghao Yang, Kunchi Liu), CN=ArticleExt(id=1212062427554902877, articleId=1212062423993938639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=基于SAR子孔径分解的海表面二维流场反演, columnId=1149698756456657529, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

对Radarsat-2和Sentinel-1A分别观测的两个海域的单景SAR图像进行子孔径分解,各自得到不同方位角上的两幅SAR子孔径图像。使用多普勒质心频移法分别对不同方位角的两幅SAR图像进行海流反演,并进行海流矢量合成,采用经过时空匹配的HYCOM模式数据对反演结果进行检验,结果表明:Radarsat-2观测的SAR图像分解的两幅子孔径SAR图像矢量合成后的海流与HYCOM模式数据相比,速度均方根值为0.09 m/s,相关系数为0.64;方向均方根值为10.49°,相关系数为0.78。Sentinel-1A观测的SAR图像分解的两幅子孔径SAR图像矢量合成后的海流与HYCOM模式数据相比,速度均方根值为0.06 m/s,相关系数为0.82;方向均方根值为2.85°,相关系数为0.86。由此可见,基于单景SAR分解的两幅子孔径SAR图像可以有效反演二维海流。其反演精度与雷达视向和真实海流矢量的方向有关,二者的角度越小,反演海流矢量的精度越高。

, correspAuthors=苗洪利, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*苗洪利(1964-),男,山东省青岛市人,教授,主要从事海洋微波遥感研究。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《海洋学报》编辑部 2023, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=a0vU2n/bSj7fujV7y//hXw==, magXml=2XdKfiQ7W1kY7D6NNanrjQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=bGY9E5ZV06COBHCFYhE8aQ==, pdfFileSize=7363202, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=1ttcwa/ETDfEMbxwBYp8gg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=7c6x++50IG+lF2fyM9mD4g==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

张佳辉(1998-),男,山东省青岛市人,主要从事海洋微波遥感研究。E-mail:

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张佳辉(1998-),男,山东省青岛市人,主要从事海洋微波遥感研究。E-mail:

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figureFileBig=5GfLL7g98JmC6Wzx2PwDwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215323592460522068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062423993938639, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Statistical results of inverted current vector and HYCOM values

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速度方向
平均偏差−0.08 m/s9.98°
均方根差0.09 m/s10.49°
相关系数0.640.78
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反演海流矢量与HYCOM值统计结果

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速度方向
平均偏差−0.08 m/s9.98°
均方根差0.09 m/s10.49°
相关系数0.640.78
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Statistical results of synthesized current vector and HYCOM values

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速度方向
平均偏差−0.05 m/s2.72°
均方根差0.06 m/s2.85°
相关系数0.820.86
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合成海流矢量与HYCOM值统计结果

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速度方向
平均偏差−0.05 m/s2.72°
均方根差0.06 m/s2.85°
相关系数0.820.86
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基于SAR子孔径分解的海表面二维流场反演
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张佳辉 1 , 苗洪利 1, * , 杨忠昊 1 , 刘昆池 1
海洋学报 | 论文 2023,45(8): 24-30
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海洋学报 | 论文 2023, 45(8): 24-30
基于SAR子孔径分解的海表面二维流场反演
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张佳辉1 , 苗洪利1, * , 杨忠昊1, 刘昆池1
作者信息
  • 1 中国海洋大学 信息科学与工程学部 物理与光电工程学院,山东 青岛 266100
  • 张佳辉(1998-),男,山东省青岛市人,主要从事海洋微波遥感研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*苗洪利(1964-),男,山东省青岛市人,教授,主要从事海洋微波遥感研究。E-mail:
Two-dimensional sea surface current field inversion based on SAR sub-aperture decomposition
Jiahui Zhang1 , Hongli Miao1, * , Zhonghao Yang1, Kunchi Liu1
Affiliations
  • 1College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Faculty of Information Science Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
出版时间: 2023-08-31 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023094
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对Radarsat-2和Sentinel-1A分别观测的两个海域的单景SAR图像进行子孔径分解,各自得到不同方位角上的两幅SAR子孔径图像。使用多普勒质心频移法分别对不同方位角的两幅SAR图像进行海流反演,并进行海流矢量合成,采用经过时空匹配的HYCOM模式数据对反演结果进行检验,结果表明:Radarsat-2观测的SAR图像分解的两幅子孔径SAR图像矢量合成后的海流与HYCOM模式数据相比,速度均方根值为0.09 m/s,相关系数为0.64;方向均方根值为10.49°,相关系数为0.78。Sentinel-1A观测的SAR图像分解的两幅子孔径SAR图像矢量合成后的海流与HYCOM模式数据相比,速度均方根值为0.06 m/s,相关系数为0.82;方向均方根值为2.85°,相关系数为0.86。由此可见,基于单景SAR分解的两幅子孔径SAR图像可以有效反演二维海流。其反演精度与雷达视向和真实海流矢量的方向有关,二者的角度越小,反演海流矢量的精度越高。

SAR  /  子孔径  /  多普勒质心异常  /  二维流场  /  HYCOM

Two single-scene SAR images observed by Radarsat-2 and Sentinel-1A were decomposed to obtain a pair of SAR sub-aperture images at different azimuth-angles, respectively. Doppler centroid anomaly method was used to invert the sea surface current of two sub-aperture images with different azimuth angles. The current field was obtained by vector synthesis. The inversion results were verified by the HYCOM model data with spatio-temporal matching. The results show that the root mean square (RMS) of the current velocity between the synthesized result by two sub-aperture images of Radarsat-2 and the HYCOM model data is 0.09 m/s, and the correlation coefficient is 0.64. The RMS of current direction is 10.49° and the correlation coefficient is 0.78 of this group data. As for the results of the Sentinel-1A image, the RMS of the current velocity is 0.06 m/s, and the correlation coefficient is 0.82. The RMS of the current direction is 2.85°, and the correlation coefficient is 0.86. It can be seen that the two-dimensional ocean currents field can be effectively inverted based on the two sub-aperture SAR images that decomposed from single-scene SAR image. The inversion accuracy is related to the relative direction of the radar’s looking direction and the real current vector. The inversion accuracy of the sea surface current field can be higher when the relative angle is small.

SAR  /  sub-aperture  /  Doppler centroid anomaly  /  two-dimensional current field  /  HYCOM
张佳辉, 苗洪利, 杨忠昊, 刘昆池. 基于SAR子孔径分解的海表面二维流场反演. 海洋学报, 2023 , 45 (8) : 24 -30 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2023094
Jiahui Zhang, Hongli Miao, Zhonghao Yang, Kunchi Liu. Two-dimensional sea surface current field inversion based on SAR sub-aperture decomposition[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2023 , 45 (8) : 24 -30 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2023094
洋流在全球海洋中无处不在,深海不同区域的洋流将交换物质和能量,对全球气候起到至关重要的作用。此外,监测沿海水域的洋流有助于航行、海上油气田开发、渔业资源管理等。在观测大范围海表面流场方面,星载合成孔径雷达(SAR)与漂流浮标和海流计相比具有独特的优势,具有全天候的观测能力,同时具有较高的空间分辨率,是海洋微波遥感中观测海流的重要手段。
目前利用SAR反演海表面流有两种方法,即多普勒质心频移法(DCA)和顺轨干涉测量法(ATI)。DCA适用于单天线SAR图像, Chapron等[1]于2005年首次提出DCA,并对ENVISAT ASAR数据进行处理,获得了墨西哥湾流附近的雷达视向海表面流速。1987年,NASA喷气推进实验室的Goldstein和Zebker[2]首次提出了ATI测量高分辨率海面流的概念,并通过空中飞行实验验证了这一概念的可行性,该方法使用双天线获得的两幅相干SAR图像进行干涉处理,可获得更高空间分辨率的海表面流速。2019年,我国高分三号(GF-3)卫星的ATI实验模式在中国胶州湾进行了第一次海面海流观测实验[3]
无论是DCA还是ATI,获得的均是雷达视向上的一维海表面流速。目前已有相关研究在探讨反演海表面二维流场。Yoshida等[4]于2020年通过仿真实验验证了如果子孔径方位角的一半大于1.25°,则可利用传统ATI SAR方法计算的距离向速度分量估算速度矢量,并于2021年将子孔径分解法与ATI结合,获得了河流的速度矢量[5]。Li等[6]提出了一种用于轨道交叉星载SAR的二维海表面流场模拟方法。
本文基于单幅Radarsat-2和Sentinel-1A SAR图像,利用子孔径分解方法获得不同方位向上的SAR图像,进而分别采用DCA获得不同方位向上的海表面流速并将其矢量合成而得到二维流场,本文使用Chapron等[1]提出的DCA处理方法[1],处理流程来自文献[7]。
雷达视向多普勒质心频移($ {f}_{{\rm{DC}}} $)可由以下几项组成[8-10]
$ {f_{{\rm{DC}}}} = {f_{{\rm{geo}}}} + {f_{{\rm{em}}}} + {f_{{\rm{phys}}}}\text{,} $
$ {f_{{\text{phys}}}} = {f_{\rm{c}}} + {f_{{\rm{wv}}}} \text{,} $
式中,$ {f}_{\mathrm{geo}} $为地球与SAR观测平台相对运动引起的雷达视向多普勒频移,通过简单计算即可获得;$ {f}_{\mathrm{em}} $为SAR天线指向误差和平台波动引起的误差,这些误差在陆地和海洋均存在,由于在陆地没有风浪和海流的影响,可以利用式(1)和陆地上的多普勒频移来计算fem,并将其用于去除海洋区域成像数据中的fem$ {f}_{\mathrm{phys}} $为海流引起的雷达视向多普勒频移$ {f}_{{\rm{c}}} $及风和波浪引起的雷达视向多普勒频移$ {f}_{{\rm{wv}}} $之和。一般认为$ {f}_{{\rm{wv}}} $由风导致的布拉格波相速度和波浪导致的大尺度波轨道速度等因素引起。去除$ {f}_{{\rm{wv}}} $一直以来是研究的热点。Mouche等[11]使用Envisat ASAR观测数据与ECMWF风场匹配,拟合了一个3层神经网络模型CDOP,将风场${{\boldsymbol{u}}}_{10}$uv方向上的分量、雷达视向与风向的相对夹角(φ)、雷达波入射角(θ)及极化方式(PP)作为输入,可计算风和波浪引起的雷达视向多普勒频移$ {f}_{{\rm{wv}}} $
本文在使用CDOP模型时,采用ECMWF的ERA5风场数据。在通过卫星数据获得$ {f}_{{\rm{DC}}} $的基础上去除其他因素影响而得到海流引起的雷达视向多普勒频率$ {f}_{{\rm{c}}} $,进而推算出雷达视向海流速度并进行反投影得到地距海流速度。
单天线SAR数据只提供一个雷达视向的多普勒频率。本文首先进行子孔径分解处理,获取不同方位角的子孔径SAR图像。
当雷达视向与卫星飞行方向正交(正侧视)时,得出的多普勒频率$ {f}_{d}\left(t\right) $[12-13]
$ {f_d}(t){\text{ = }}\frac{{2{v_{{\text{sat}}}}^2}}{{{\lambda _0}{r_0}}}t \text{,} $
式中,$ {\lambda }_{0} $是SAR发射电磁波的波长;$ {r}_{0} $是天线与目标的距离;$ {v}_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{t}} $为卫星平台速度;t是合成孔径时间。
$ {f}_{d}\left(t\right) $的取值范围为
$ - \frac{{{v_{{\text{sat}}}}\Delta Y}}{{{\lambda _0}{r_0}}} \leqslant {f_d}(t) \leqslant \frac{{{v_{{\text{sat}}}}\Delta Y}}{{{\lambda _0}{r_0}}} \text{,} $
式中,$ \Delta {Y} $是SAR图像的方位向长度。通过方位向傅里叶变换进入距离–多普勒(RD)域,基于中心多普勒频率将频域数据分为前视和后视对称的两部分。其各自对应的图像中心视向与全孔径雷达视向的夹角$ {\varphi }_{d} $由下式给出:
$ {\varphi _d} = {{\rm{atan}}} \left( {\frac{{{v_{{\text{sat}}}}t}}{{{r_0}}}} \right) = {{\rm{atan}}} \left( {\frac{{{f_d}}}{{2{F_0}}}\frac{c}{{{v_{{\text{sat}}}}}}} \right) \text{,} $
式中,c为光速;$ {F}_{0} $为SAR所发射电磁波的频率。
对分解的两部分数据分别进行方位向压缩处理,可以得到不同方位角的子孔径SAR图像,具体处理流程如图1所示。
通过子孔径分解处理后,得到不同方位角的SAR图像,并通过DCA反演得到不同方位角的海面流速,加之全孔径雷达视向流速进行矢量合成,其矢量关系示意如图2所示[14-15]
$ {u_f} = {\boldsymbol{u}}\cos \left( {{\text π} /2 - \alpha - {\theta _s}} \right) = {\boldsymbol{u}}\sin \left( {\alpha + {\theta _s}} \right) \text{,} $
$ {u_b} = {\boldsymbol{u}}\cos \left( {{\text π} /2 - \alpha + {\theta _s}} \right) = {\boldsymbol{u}}\sin \left( {\alpha - {\theta _s}} \right) \text{,} $
$ {u_a} = \frac{{{u_f} - {u_b}}}{{2\sin {\theta _s}}} \text{,} $
$ \alpha = \arctan \left( {\frac{{{u_r}}}{{{u_a}}}} \right) = \arctan \left( {\frac{{2{u_r}\sin {\theta _s}}}{{{u_f} - {u_b}}}} \right) \text{,} $
式中,u表示海流矢量;$u_a $为海流在方位向上的分量;$ {u}_{f} $为前视子孔径流速;$ {u}_{b} $为后视子孔径流速;$ {u}_{r} $表示海流在雷达视向上的分量;$ {\theta }_{s} $表示前视子孔径方向和雷达视向的夹角,同时也是后视子孔径与雷达视向的夹角;α代表海流矢量与方位向夹角。通过联立上述公式即可求得二维海流矢量。
本文采用的数据为Radarsat-2卫星条带模式数据和Sentinel-1A卫星条带模式数据。图3为Radarsat-2卫星全孔径原始SAR图像,图中陆地位于右上方。所使用的SAR数据是一幅升轨图像,拍摄方向是右正侧视,极化方式为VV极化。Radarsat-2卫星拍摄时间为UTC:2020年5月24日9时28分,拍摄地点为台湾岛东南方。范围为19.823 8°~20.960 6°N,127.388 3°~128.634 1°E,入射角近端为24.00°,远端为31.25°, 图像大小为156.56 km × 33.56 km,方位向分辨率为5.26 m,距离向分辨率为7.99 m。
图4为Sentinel-1A卫星全孔径原始SAR图像,图中陆地位于中下方。是一幅升轨图像,拍摄方向是右正侧视,极化方式为VV极化,Sentinel-1A卫星拍摄时间为UTC:2023年2月8日9时44分,拍摄地点为澳大利亚北方。范围为7.190 3°~8.507 3°S,128.603 4°~129.322 8°E,入射角近端为29.10°,远端为34.70°,图像大小为130.96 km × 42.97 km,方位向分辨率为3.55 m,距离向分辨率为2.25 m。
将Radarsat-2卫星全孔径原始SAR图像分解为前视和后视两幅子孔径SAR图像,如图5所示。以正北方向为参照,全孔径SAR的雷达视向为78.10°,前视子孔径方位角为76.22°,后视子孔径方位角为79.98°,全孔径雷达视向与前视和后视子孔径方向各成1.88°夹角,符合Yoshida等[4]提出的角度需大于1.25°要求。
使用DCA海流反演方法分别对图4图5的SAR图像进行海流反演,得到全孔径SAR图像雷达视向上的海流及前视子孔径和后视子孔径的海流,其结果如图6图7所示(其中全孔径SAR的雷达视向为78.10°,前视子孔径方位角为76.22°,后视子孔径方位角为79.98°。图中速度为正代表海流沿雷达视向方向传播,速度为负代表海流逆雷达视向的方向传播)。对以上3个方向的海流进行矢量合成获得真实的海流大小和方向,如图8中的红色箭头所示。基于子孔径分解的DCA反演海流会以牺牲分辨率为代价,本文得到的海流矢量的方位向分辨率为263 m,距离向分辨率为399 m。
基于反演的SAR图像区域的海流分布特点及所能获取的HYCOM有效值,选取图像中心的区域作为对比检验区域,如图6中黑线框所示。HYCOM数据的时间分辨率为3 h,空间分辨率为(1/12)°。
对所选取的HYCOM海流值进行插值匹配,见图8中的蓝色箭头。为清晰图示,对数据进行抽样处理。箭头的长短为海流的大小,箭头的方向为海流方向,可以看出,真实海流矢量的方向与全孔径雷达视向之间的夹角在100°左右。
图8可以看出,利用子孔径分解并合成获得的海流的速度和方向与HYCOM值相比具有较好的一致性,二者的速度和方向的散点图如图9所示,统计分析结果如表1所示。
结合图9表1可以看出,在对比区域中,利用合成的海流矢量速度大小主要分布在0.1~0.2 m/s之间,HYCOM值主要分布在0.2~0.3 m/s之间,平均偏差为−0.08 m/s。在方向上,海流矢量主要分布在175°~185°之间,而HYCOM值分布在170°附近,方向偏差在10°左右。大小和方向的均方根差分别为0.09 m/s和10.49°,相关系数分别为0.64和0.78。
使用相同方法对Sentinel-1A数据进行处理,全孔径雷达视向为77.41°,前视子孔径方位角为75.65°,后视子孔径方位角为79.17°,二者夹角为3.52°,同样满足矢量合成条件。合成海流矢量方位向分辨率为112 m,距离向分辨率为177 m,海流矢量与HYCOM数据对比如图10所示。选取7.5°~7.7°S,128.96°~129.18°E为对比区域。二者的速度和方向散点图如图11所示,统计结果如表2所示。
图10可以看出,真实海流矢量方向与全孔径雷达视向之间的夹角在45°左右。
结合图11表2可以看出,在对比区域内,SAR反演的海流矢量速度主要分布在0.3~0.4 m/s的区间内,HYCOM值主要分布在0.35~0.45 m/s的区间内,速度平均偏差为−0.05 m/s。在方向上,海流矢量主要分布在35°附近,而HYCOM数据分布在30°~35°区间内,方向平均偏差在2.72°。速度和方向的均方根差分别为0.06 m/s和2.85°。二者速度和方向的各自相关系数分别为0.82和0.86。
本文利用台湾岛附近海域的Radarsat-2数据和澳大利亚北方的Sentinel-1A数据,通过SAR子孔径分解方法将单幅SAR图像分解为前视和后视两幅子孔径图像。利用多普勒质心频移法对全孔径SAR图像及两幅子孔径图像各自的方位角海流进行反演并做海流矢量合成,获得了二维海表面流场。通过时空匹配的HYCOM模式数据检验可知,两组数据在速度大小方面,均方根差均小于0.1 m/s,在方向上,误差基本在10°以内。证实了利用SAR子孔径分解获取海流矢量方法的有效性。
从两组数据反演结果看,全孔径雷达视向与真实海流方向的夹角大小直接影响海流矢量的合成精度,Sentinel-1A图像二者夹角为45°左右,而Radarsat-2图像二者夹角为100°左右,明显前者反演的精度要优于后者。
除此之外,子孔径SAR图像分解数量和彼此间的夹角也同样决定海流反演的精度,数量越多、角度越大,反演海流的精度应该越高。再之,SAR图像和HYCOM的空间分辨率存在差异可能也是导致本文结果出现系统偏差的原因,有待后续使用现场实测海流数据进行检验。
  • 国家自然科学重点基金(62031005);山东省自然科学基金(ZR2020MD097)。
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2023年第45卷第8期
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doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023094
  • 接收时间:2022-12-30
  • 首发时间:2025-12-28
  • 出版时间:2023-08-31
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  • 收稿日期:2022-12-30
  • 修回日期:2023-03-23
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国家自然科学重点基金(62031005);山东省自然科学基金(ZR2020MD097)。
作者信息
    1 中国海洋大学 信息科学与工程学部 物理与光电工程学院,山东 青岛 266100

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*苗洪利(1964-),男,山东省青岛市人,教授,主要从事海洋微波遥感研究。E-mail:
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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