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Article(id=1212062360492176259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1212062359909168003, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12284/hyxb2023121, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1641312000000, receivedDateStr=2022-01-05, revisedDate=1671465600000, revisedDateStr=2022-12-20, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766907785770, onlineDateStr=2025-12-28, pubDate=1688140800000, pubDateStr=2023-07-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766907785770, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766907785770, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766907785770, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1212062359909168003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2023', volume='45', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='194', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766907785632, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766924642173, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1212133061404266735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1212062359909168003, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1212133061404266736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1212062359909168003, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1, endPage=7, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1212062360785777542, articleId=1212062360492176259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=The study of the influences of wave-current interaction on significant wave height under serious sea conditions, columnId=1194652705852465724, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

As a frontier subject of nonlinear science, wave-current interaction has been studied by many scholars. This paper will explore the wave-current interaction under the serious sea conditions in the Northwest Pacific during the influenced by No.1 super Typhoon “Nepartak” in 2016. The results indicate that wave-current coupling model can effectively improve the simulation accuracy of significant wave height (SWH) under serious sea conditions. The influence of wave-current interaction on SWH is closely related to the angle between wave direction and sea surface current direction: when wave direction is close to current direction, wave-current interaction will decrease the SWH; in those areas where the wave and the current have the opposite direction, wave-current interaction will increase the SWH; the closer the angle between the wave and the current is to 90°, the less influence wave-current interaction has on the SWH. The maximum SWH difference whether including wave-current interaction or not is about 1.5 m.

, correspAuthors=Benxia Li, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2023 Pratacultural Science. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Fanchang Meng, Benxia Li), CN=ArticleExt(id=1212062361817576346, articleId=1212062360492176259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=强海况下波流相互作用对有效波高的影响研究, columnId=1149698756456657529, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

波流相互作用作为非线性科学的前沿课题，一直受到国内外广大学者的关注。本文以2016年第1号超强台风“尼伯特”为例，基于波流耦合模式研究了台风影响期间强海况下波流相互作用对有效波高的影响。研究表明：（1）波流耦合模式可有效提高强海况下海浪的模拟精度；（2）波流相互作用对有效波高的影响与波向和流向之间的夹角关系密切：当波向与流向大致相同时，波流相互作用使有效波高减小；当波向与流向大致相反时，波流相互作用使有效波高增大；当波向与流向之间的夹角越接近90°时，波流相互作用对有效波高的影响越小。波流相互作用对有效波高的影响最大可达1.5 m。

, correspAuthors=李本霞, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*李本霞（1972-），女，研究员，博士，主要从事海浪精细化模拟和数值预报技术研究。E-mail：
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《海洋学报》编辑部 2023
孟凡昌，李本霞. 强海况下波流相互作用对有效波高的影响研究[J]. 海洋学报，2023，45(7)：1–7Meng Fanchang，Li Benxia. The study of the influences of wave-current interaction on significant wave height under serious sea conditions[J]. Haiyang Xuebao，2023, 45(7)：1–7
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孟凡昌(1992-)，男，河南省新乡市人，工程师，主要从事海浪预报及海洋气象等方面的研究。E-mail:

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孟凡昌(1992-)，男，河南省新乡市人，工程师，主要从事海浪预报及海洋气象等方面的研究。E-mail:

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孟凡昌(1992-)，男，河南省新乡市人，工程师，主要从事海浪预报及海洋气象等方面的研究。E-mail:

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effective wave height (the bottom color is the difference between the significant wave height simulated by coupling model and SWAN model), figureFileSmall=o5XYGUSr9FgPVa/44RWDFw==, figureFileBig=1QSLSKTH01OJmWYVEBOwiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215323531106243452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062360492176259, language=CN, label=图5, caption=表层流向、波向对有效波高的影响（底色为耦合模式与SWAN模式模拟有效波高之差）, figureFileSmall=o5XYGUSr9FgPVa/44RWDFw==, figureFileBig=1QSLSKTH01OJmWYVEBOwiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215323531194323842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062360492176259, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Variables of wave−current coupling mode exchange

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耦合子模式SWAN波浪模式ROMS海洋模式
交换的变量Dwave波向zeta自由表面高度
Hwave有效波高VEL_x表层流速x方向的分量
Lwave平均波长VEL_y表层流速y方向的分量
Pwave_bot底部的波浪周期……
Pwave_top 表层峰谱周期
……
), ArticleFig(id=1215323531299181447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062360492176259, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

波−流耦合模式交换的变量

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耦合子模式SWAN波浪模式ROMS海洋模式
交换的变量Dwave波向zeta自由表面高度
Hwave有效波高VEL_x表层流速x方向的分量
Lwave平均波长VEL_y表层流速y方向的分量
Pwave_bot底部的波浪周期……
Pwave_top 表层峰谱周期
……
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The standard deviation and mean absolute error of the analyzed and the observed wind speed at each buoy (unit: m/s)

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金门东沙岛马祖花莲七股新竹平均值
标准偏差1.708 62.104 61.642 52.854 12.462 53.503 42.379 2
平均绝对误差1.343 41.650 11.284 22.341 51.785 72.037 31.740 3
), ArticleFig(id=1215323531479536529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062360492176259, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

各浮标处分析风速和观测风速的标准偏差与平均绝对误差（单位：m/s ）

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金门东沙岛马祖花莲七股新竹平均值
标准偏差1.708 62.104 61.642 52.854 12.462 53.503 42.379 2
平均绝对误差1.343 41.650 11.284 22.341 51.785 72.037 31.740 3
), ArticleFig(id=1215323531563422615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062360492176259, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Comparison of statistical variables between simulated significane wave height and observed significant wave height

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统计变量金门东沙岛马祖花莲七股新竹
相关系数SWAN0.952 40.784 00.904 30.965 00.763 60.945 6
耦合0.966 30.828 40.919 50.962 20.873 80.961 6
标准偏差SWAN0.107 12.065 00.633 54.776 53.300 02.379 1
耦合0.494 41.648 00.064 21.729 41.691 51.548 8
平均绝对误差SWAN0.107 12.065 00.633 54.776 53.300 02.379 1
耦合0.494 41.648 00.064 21.729 41.691 51.548 8
), ArticleFig(id=1215323531651503003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1212062360492176259, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

模拟和观测有效波高的统计变量比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
统计变量金门东沙岛马祖花莲七股新竹
相关系数SWAN0.952 40.784 00.904 30.965 00.763 60.945 6
耦合0.966 30.828 40.919 50.962 20.873 80.961 6
标准偏差SWAN0.107 12.065 00.633 54.776 53.300 02.379 1
耦合0.494 41.648 00.064 21.729 41.691 51.548 8
平均绝对误差SWAN0.107 12.065 00.633 54.776 53.300 02.379 1
耦合0.494 41.648 00.064 21.729 41.691 51.548 8
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强海况下波流相互作用对有效波高的影响研究
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孟凡昌 1, 2 , 李本霞 1, 2, 3, *
海洋学报 | 论文 2023,45(7): 1-7
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海洋学报 | 论文 2023, 45(7): 1-7
强海况下波流相互作用对有效波高的影响研究
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孟凡昌1, 2, 李本霞1, 2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1 国家海洋环境预报中心，北京 100081
  • 2 自然资源部海洋灾害预报技术重点实验室，北京 100081
  • 3 河海大学 海洋学院，江苏 南京 210024

    • 孟凡昌(1992-)，男，河南省新乡市人，工程师，主要从事海浪预报及海洋气象等方面的研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*李本霞（1972-），女，研究员，博士，主要从事海浪精细化模拟和数值预报技术研究。E-mail：
The study of the influences of wave-current interaction on significant wave height under serious sea conditions
Fanchang Meng1, 2, Benxia Li1, 2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, Beijing 100081, China
  • 2Key Laboratory of Marine Hazards Forecasting, National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100081, China
  • 3College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China
出版时间: 2023-07-01 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023121
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摘要
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波流相互作用作为非线性科学的前沿课题，一直受到国内外广大学者的关注。本文以2016年第1号超强台风“尼伯特”为例，基于波流耦合模式研究了台风影响期间强海况下波流相互作用对有效波高的影响。研究表明：（1）波流耦合模式可有效提高强海况下海浪的模拟精度；（2）波流相互作用对有效波高的影响与波向和流向之间的夹角关系密切：当波向与流向大致相同时，波流相互作用使有效波高减小；当波向与流向大致相反时，波流相互作用使有效波高增大；当波向与流向之间的夹角越接近90°时，波流相互作用对有效波高的影响越小。波流相互作用对有效波高的影响最大可达1.5 m。

强海况  /  波流相互作用  /  耦合模式  /  有效波高

As a frontier subject of nonlinear science, wave-current interaction has been studied by many scholars. This paper will explore the wave-current interaction under the serious sea conditions in the Northwest Pacific during the influenced by No.1 super Typhoon “Nepartak” in 2016. The results indicate that wave-current coupling model can effectively improve the simulation accuracy of significant wave height (SWH) under serious sea conditions. The influence of wave-current interaction on SWH is closely related to the angle between wave direction and sea surface current direction: when wave direction is close to current direction, wave-current interaction will decrease the SWH; in those areas where the wave and the current have the opposite direction, wave-current interaction will increase the SWH; the closer the angle between the wave and the current is to 90°, the less influence wave-current interaction has on the SWH. The maximum SWH difference whether including wave-current interaction or not is about 1.5 m.

serious sea condition  /  wave-current interaction  /  coupled model  /  significant wave height
孟凡昌, 李本霞. 强海况下波流相互作用对有效波高的影响研究. 海洋学报, 2023 , 45 (7) : 1 -7 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2023121
Fanchang Meng, Benxia Li. The study of the influences of wave-current interaction on significant wave height under serious sea conditions[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2023 , 45 (7) : 1 -7 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2023121
正文
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1 引言
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波浪和海流是海洋中最常见到的两种海洋动力学现象，它们既相互独立又相互作用。海流对波浪的作用主要表现在：（1）在海表面，海流可以改变风应力对波浪造成的直接影响；（2）在海底，海流改变了波浪在海底的摩擦作用力；（3）海流可以使波浪产生绕射；（4）海流能够使波浪发生多普勒漂移效应。波浪对海流的影响主要表现为：（1）在海表面，波浪改变了海表面的粗糙度和海表应力，强化了表层海水的扰动；（2）在海底，波浪改变了海流在海底的摩擦作用力；（3）波浪可以造成额外的海流动量输送，产生波浪辐射应力[1]。因此波−流相互作用对许多海洋现象都有重要的影响，比如海流、海浪、海温、潮汐、风暴潮等[2]。考虑波浪和海流之间的相互作用，掌握它们的物理机制和变化规律，对于提高海况的预报预警精度是很有必要的。
早在1911年，Rayleigh就已观测到潮汐中的波流相互作用现象，到了20世纪60年代，Longuet-Higgins和Stewart[3-4]首次正式提出波−流相互作用这一理论，并推导出了浅水二维波应力表达式。此后又逐渐经过了Whitham[5]、Rretherthon和 Garret[6]的进一步完善。这些成果为后来采用数值模式研究波−流相互作用奠定了理论基础。
近年来随着计算机性能的发展，越来越多的科研人员开始使用波−流耦合数值模式来研究波−流相互作用这一问题。比如，Dietrich等[7]把第三代海浪模式SWAN与风暴潮模式ADCIRC耦合起来，对历史风暴潮过程进行后报模拟，结果与实际情况符合较好； Pietrafesa等[8] 利用他改进的普林斯顿海洋模式POM和海浪SWAN模式构建了波−流耦合模式，用以模拟飓风下的波浪和风暴潮； Warner等[9] 为了更好地识别、研究影响海岸线的重要物理过程，将区域海洋模式ROMS、大气模式WRF、海浪模式SWAN以及泥沙模式CSTMS连接起来，建立了适用于近岸的海洋−波浪−大气−泥沙耦合模式COAWST，取得了比较好的结果；Kumar等[10]将Mellor的新理论应用在SWAN-ROMS耦合模式中，用来模拟美国东海岸的海流情况，发现模式结果与观测结果具有很好的一致性。国内也有不少学者从不同的角度对波−流相互作用进行了细致的研究，尤其是关于近海的波−流相互作用研究 [11-17]。
但是，由于波−流相互作用本身的复杂性，使得这一问题仍然具有很大的研究空间，特别是目前对于台风等恶劣天气导致的强海况下的波−流相互作用的相关研究还比较少。而我国紧邻的西北太平洋是形成热带气旋最多的海区之一，研究西北太平洋海区在强海况下的波−流相互作用对于准确预报西北太平洋海区的海况具有重要意义。本文采用SWAN-ROMS波流耦合模式，以2016年第1号超强台风“尼伯特”为背景天气场，研究了波流相互作用对西北太平洋有效波高的影响，研究结果可为业务化海浪预报系统建设、海洋防灾减灾提供有益的参考。
2 数值模式和参数设置
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2.1 波流耦合模型
本文采用的是利用海浪模式SWAN（Simulating Wave Nearshore）与海洋模式ROMS构建的波流耦合模型。SWAN 是第三代海浪数值模式，用于模拟随机的、短波峰、由风生成的海浪。SWAN 模式最重要的一个特征是考虑了非线性的波−波相互作用，而且对谱形不预加任何约束。SWAN模式最初主要用于近岸小尺度海浪的模拟，对比较复杂的地形和气象条件也能够很好的模拟，现已扩展到全球任意尺度。ROMS（Regional Ocean Modeling System）是一个开源、三维非线性、自由表面、地形追踪、原始方程的区域海洋斜压模式，经过众多使用者不断地改进和完善，现已被世界各国的海洋工作者广泛应用于海洋以及河口地区的水动力及水环境的模拟。本文中利用 MCT（Model Coupling Toolkit） 耦合器将海流模式 ROMS 和波浪模式 SWAN 连接起来，创建了一个双向实时耦合的波−流耦合模式。MCT是一套比较先进的新一代开源软件工具，用于创建耦合模型。
2.2 参数设置
本文模拟的区域范围为3°～52°N，99°～158°E，包括了整个东海的西北太平洋海域（图1）。ROMS海洋模式的网格水平分辨率为（1/8）° × （1/8）°的经纬度，水平网格数为472 × 465；垂直方向N分为40个sigma层，最大海水深度设为5 000 m，最小水深为10 m，水深地形数据用分辨率为2° × 2°的ETOPO2数据插值到所用模式网格上。ROMS模式的侧边界条件设置为：西边界和北边界条件全部为闭合边界；东边界和南边界为开边界条件，其中自由表面采用Chapman_implicit边界条件，二维动量采用Flather边界条件，混合区域采用Reduced Physics边界条件，三维动量、温盐边界均采用Gradient边界条件。采用美国国家环境预报中心（Climate Forecast System Reanalysis，CFSR）的流场、垂向平均流场、水位、盐度和温度场作为初始条件，流场、盐度和温度等数据作为侧边界条件。
海浪模式SWAN的水平分辨率和网格数与ROMS相同，波浪谱方向平均分为36个，波浪频率分为24段，最小频率为0.04 Hz、最大频率为0.394 0 Hz。模式中风能输入考虑线性增长和指数增长两部分，海底摩阻因数取值为0.05，模式中还考虑了白帽耗散、波−波相互作用、水深变浅引起的波浪破碎等物理过程，其他计算参数取相关研究的建议值。波浪模式SWAN运行时间步长为600 s，由静止状态提前运行24 h获得模式的热启动初始场。
通过MCT耦合器，ROMS和SWAN模式能够在设定的时刻交换各自的数据：ROMS模式将海表流场、自由海面高度、海表张力等数据传输给SWAN模式，SWAN模式将有效波高、波向、波长、波浪破碎等数据传递给ROMS模式（表1）。本研究中设定的耦合时间为3 600 s，即开始时这两个模式都是独立的并行运算，当运行时间到了1 h，两个模式就开始交换各自运算的数据，数据交换结束后两个模式再次独立运行，模式以此循环运算直到运算时间结束。
2.3 试验方案设计
为了探究强海况下波流相互作用对有效波高的影响，本文设计了二组对照试验：第一组试验仅用海浪模式SWAN进行模拟，第二组试验采用SWAN-ROMS构建的波流耦合模式进行模拟。比较第一组试验和第二组试验的结果，分析波流相互作用对有效波高的影响。
3 驱动风场
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2016年第1号超强台风“尼伯特”于7月3日上午在关岛以南海域生成并向西北方向移动，于7月5日02时发展为强热带风暴，5日08时加强为台风，5日20时升级为超强台风，并于8日05时在台湾台东县沿海登陆，登陆时台风中心附近最大风速为16级（55 m/s）。“尼伯特”于7月8日14时前后由台湾省台南县移入台湾海峡，在台湾海峡作短暂滞留于9日14时左右在福建泉州石狮市再次登陆，登陆时中心附近最大风力为10级（25 m/s）。“尼伯特”登陆后风力迅速减弱并向西北方向移动，于10日02时减弱为热带低压，11时停止对其编号，其移动路径见图1。
“尼伯特”是历史上登陆我国最强的初台（每年第一个登陆台风），两次在我国沿海登陆，滞留时间长，影响范围广，给登陆两地带来了较大的财产损失和人员伤亡，因此本文选取此台风过程为背景风场，本文模拟的时间段为北京时间7月3日08时至7月10日08时，共计7天整。
本文模拟所用的驱动风场数据来自于美国国家环境预报中心的全球预报模式逐6 h、空间分辨率为（1/2）° × （1/2）°的最终分析风场数据。为了验证驱动风场的质量以确保模拟结果的合理性，本文选取了台风路径周围的一些海洋浮标观测数据对分析风场质量进行了检验，它们分别是金门浮标、东沙岛浮标、马祖浮标、花莲浮标、七股浮标、新竹浮标。浮标位置见图1。图2是浮标点所在位置的分析风速与观测值的比较，风速的定量误差分析见表2，可见，除了在个别峰值处差别略大，整体上所采用的驱动风场与观测值吻合较好。
4 结果分析
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用上述再分析风场驱动波流耦合模式、海浪模式SWAN，获得有效波高模拟结果。图3为选定浮标处耦合模拟有效波高、SWAN模拟有效波高与观测值的对比图，表3分别是两种方式模拟有效波高和观测值的相关系数、标准偏差、平均绝对误差。从图3和表3可以看出，采用波流耦合模式比单纯采用海浪模式模拟得到的有效波高与观测值更加吻合。此外，在台风路径的不同位置，波流相互作用对有效波高的影响程度不尽相同。在台风路径右侧的花莲和新竹浮标处，仅用SWAN海浪模式模拟的有效波高明显比耦合模式的模拟结果要大，而耦合模拟的结果与浮标观测值更接近（在新竹浮标处耦合模拟值在峰值处小于观测值，由图2可知是因为模拟所用风速在最大值处小于观测风速），这说明在此区域波流相互作用使有效波高明显降低。而在台风路径左侧的金门、东沙岛、七股浮标处，虽然耦合模式的结果与观测值更为接近，但是否考虑波流耦合所得结果差别不大。这表明在这些区域波流相互作用对有效波高的影响不明显。需要说明的是，在台风路径右侧的马祖浮标，虽然考虑波流相互作用对海浪有效波高也有一定的改善，但由于距离台风中心较远，海况较好（金门和马祖处实测有效波高差不多，但是马祖浮标（58 m）比金门浮标（25 m）所在的水深深），波流耦合模式和单纯海浪模式的模拟结果差别不大，这也说明海况较好的情况下，波流相互作用对有效波高的影响不大，海况越恶劣，波流相互作用对有效波高的影响越大。
为了更加直观地分析波流耦合模式和单纯海浪模式模拟有效波高场的差异，取模拟时间段内计算点所得的有效波高最大值并做差值，以观察波流相互作用对波高的影响（图4）。其中图4a是海浪模式SWAN模拟的最大有效波高，图4b为波流耦合模式模拟所得的最大有效波高，图4c为波流耦合模式与单纯海浪模式模拟所得最大有效波高之差，图中黑线代表台风中心移动路径。从图4可以看出，波流相互作用对台风路径两侧的有效波高影响并不相同，在紧邻台风路径右侧的区域是一个明显的负值区域，这表明在此区域耦合模式模拟的有效波高小于SWAN模拟的有效波高，二者的差值最大可达1.5 m，说明波流耦合作用使有效波高减小。而在台风路径左侧的一些区域，波流耦合作用可使有效波高增大。
为了分析形成这种现象的原因，选取一个较小的区域作具体分析（如图5所示），选取的区域为15°～28°N ，118°～130°E。图5上图时间是7月7日08时，下图时间是7月8日08时，图示底色及色标代表波流耦合模式与单纯海浪模式模拟所得有效波高之差，红线代表台风路径，白色圆点代表当时台风位置，左图箭头代表表层流矢量，右图箭头代表的是波矢量。从图5中可以看出，在台风中心附近红色箭头所在的区域，表层流向与波向大致相同，在此区域耦合模式模拟所得有效波高小于SWAN模式的模拟结果；而在黑色箭头所在区域流向和波向大致相反，在这一区域内耦合模拟的有效波高比SWAN模拟的结果大。这说明当波向与表层流向大致相同时，波流相互作用降低了有效波高；当波向与表层流向大致相反时，波流相互作用增大了有效波高。另外，从图中还可以看出，当波向与表层流向之间的夹角越接近90°，耦合模式与SWAN模式模拟的有效波高越接近，这说明波流相互作用对有效波高的影响也越弱。
5 结论
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为了探究西北太平洋海区在强海况下的波流相互作用对有效波高的影响及成因，本文以2016年第1号强台风“尼伯特”过程为背景天气场，分别用海浪模式SWAN、SWAN-ROMS耦合模式模拟在此期间的有效波高，并结合海洋浮标数据分析波流相互作用对有效波高的影响。得出如下结论：
当波向与表层流向大致相同时，波流相互作用使有效波高降低，这主要出现在台风路径的右侧。而在波向与表面流向大致相反的区域，波流相互作用使有效波高增大。当波向与表层流向之间的夹角越接近90°时，波流相互作用对有效波高的影响越小。总体来说，波−流耦合模式模拟的有效波高更接近实际观测结果，能够提高有效波高的模拟准确度，尤其是在大家比较关注的恶劣天气情况下。因此，在强海况下海浪的数值模拟或业务化预报中，考虑波流相互作用是非常必要的。
基金
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  • 国家重点研发计划 (2017YFA0604901)。
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2023年第45卷第7期
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doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023121
  • 接收时间：2022-01-05
  • 首发时间：2025-12-28
  • 出版时间：2023-07-01
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  • 收稿日期：2022-01-05
  • 修回日期：2022-12-20
基金
国家重点研发计划 (2017YFA0604901)。
作者信息
    1 国家海洋环境预报中心，北京 100081
    2 自然资源部海洋灾害预报技术重点实验室，北京 100081
    3 河海大学 海洋学院，江苏 南京 210024

通讯作者:

*李本霞（1972-），女，研究员，博士，主要从事海浪精细化模拟和数值预报技术研究。E-mail：
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