Article(id=1211432606529351792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1211432600565059654, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12284/hyxb2023079, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1648396800000, receivedDateStr=2022-03-28, revisedDate=1664812800000, revisedDateStr=2022-10-04, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766757640725, onlineDateStr=2025-12-26, pubDate=1688054400000, pubDateStr=2023-06-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766757640725, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766757640725, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766757640725, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1211432600565059654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2023', volume='45', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='170', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766757639304, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766924606299, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1212132910937805036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1211432600565059654, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1212132910941999341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1211432600565059654, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=109, endPage=121, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1211432606776815738, articleId=1211432606529351792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Geochemical characteristics and resource potentiality evaluation of tellurium in Co-rich crusts from the Mid-West Pacific Ocean, columnId=1194652705852465724, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this paper, 185 iron manganeses crustal samples of 14 seamounts in 5 seamount groups of the Pacific seamount group (Central Pacific seamounts, Line seamount Chain) and the Western Pacific seamount group (Magellanic seamounts, Markus−Wake seamounts, marshall seamounts) have been analyzed for tellurium, and their spatial distribution, geochemical characteristics, chemical form and resource potential have been studied. The results show that the variation range of tellurium in cobalt-rich crusts is from 17.8 μg/g to 145.2 μg/g, and the average value is 47.4 μg/g. The content range and regional enrichment degree of tellurium in each seamount are quite different. The enrichment degree in descending order is the Magellanic seamounts, Marshall seamounts, Marcus−Wake seamounts , Central Pacific seamounts and Line seamount Chain, showing a trend of gradually decreasing from west to east, and different seamount groups also show obvious regional distribution characteristics. Tellurium content and water depth profile show the same radial and opposite latitudinal trends, indicating that the enrichment of Te is not only related to the depth of crust in seawater, but also related to the longitude and latitude, seamount topography, and regional metallogenic environment. The leaching results show that tellurium is mainly enriched in iron oxides and residues, and the oxygen-rich environment and biological action of phosphorylation play a decisive role in the enrichment of tellurium. Concerning the minimum industrial grade requirements for terrestrial associated useful elements, the tellurium content in cobalt-rich crusts of seamount samples in the Mid-West Pacific Ocean study areas meets the industrial grade requirements, which has potential development value. According to the estimation of cobalt-rich crust reserves, the tellurium reserves in cobalt-rich crusts in the Mid-West Pacific Ocean are more than 76300 tons, which is an important reserve base for seafloor tellurium resources.ic

, correspAuthors=Jihua Liu, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2023 Pratacultural Science. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Hui Zhang, Jihua Liu, Jingjing Gao, Yingchun Cui, Ying Zhang, Yazhi Bai, Lianhua He), CN=ArticleExt(id=1211432609868017879, articleId=1211432606529351792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=中、西太平洋海山富钴结壳碲元素地球化学特征及其资源潜力, columnId=1149698756456657529, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

根据太平洋海山群(中太平洋海山群、莱恩海山链)和西太平洋海山群(麦哲伦海山群、马尔库斯维克海山群、马绍尔海山群)5个海山群14座海山的185个富钴结壳样品的碲元素分析测试,研究了其组成特征、空间分布规律、赋存相态及资源潜力。结果表明,研究区富钴结壳中碲元素质量分数的变化范围为17.8~145.2 μg/g,平均值为47.4 μg/g;各海山群碲元素的含量范围及区域富集程度存在较大差异,富集程度由高到低依次为麦哲伦海山群、马绍尔海山群、马尔库斯维克海山群、中太平洋海山群和莱恩海山链,区域上呈现自西向东逐渐降低的趋势。碲元素含量与水深呈径向相同、纬向相反的趋势,说明碲元素的富集不仅与结壳在海水中的产出深度有关,还与经纬度、海山地形及区域成矿环境有关。淋滤结果显示碲元素主要富集在铁氧化物及残渣态中,富氧环境和生物作用磷酸盐化对碲的富集成矿起决定性作用。参照陆地伴生有用元素最低工业品位要求,中、西太平洋研究区域海山样品富钴结壳碲元素含量均达到了工业品位要求,具有潜在的开发价值。由富钴结壳储量估算,中、西太平洋富钴结壳中碲储量大于7.63万t,是海底碲资源的重要储备基地。

, correspAuthors=刘季花, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*刘季花,女,研究员,主要从事海洋沉积地球化学与海底成矿资源研究。E-mail:
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张辉(1982-),女,山东省德州市人,工程师,主要从事元素地球化学和同位素地球化学研究。E-mail:

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张辉(1982-),女,山东省德州市人,工程师,主要从事元素地球化学和同位素地球化学研究。E-mail:

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DY105-15 Voyage site report[R]. 2003., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215313897033224233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211432606529351792, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=30, rfOrder=43, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中国大洋矿产资源研究开发协会. DY105-17B航次现场报告[R]. 2005., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215313897104527404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211432606529351792, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=30, rfOrder=44, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=China Ocean Mineral Resources Research and Development Association. DY105-17B Voyage site report[R]. 2005., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215313898387984432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211432606529351792, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=31, rfOrder=45, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中国大洋矿产资源研究开发协会. DY105-19航次现场报告[R]. 2007., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215313898505424949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211432606529351792, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=31, rfOrder=46, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=China Ocean Mineral Resources Research and Development Association. 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a, b. Magellanic seamounts; c. Marshall seamounts; d. Markus-Wake seamounts; e. Central Pacific seamounts; f. Lane seamount Chain

, figureFileSmall=R1a2BX1KGXz9exXb48Hd0w==, figureFileBig=jfQOwdIJ3r2M9DotTd2j2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215313890129400579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211432606529351792, language=CN, label=图3, caption=碲元素含量平面分布

a, b. 麦哲伦海山群;c. 马绍尔海山群;d. 马尔库斯维克海山群;e. 中太平洋海山群;f. 莱恩海山链

, figureFileSmall=R1a2BX1KGXz9exXb48Hd0w==, figureFileBig=jfQOwdIJ3r2M9DotTd2j2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215313890217480969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211432606529351792, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Station distribution of radial profile A−A′ and latitudinal profile B−B′, figureFileSmall=kx7yEserJt6/Qb5P33yJEg==, figureFileBig=n83vFnAmUXzBU3sc7Fl08w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215313890402030355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211432606529351792, language=CN, label=图4, caption=径向剖面A−A′和纬向剖面B−B′站位分布, figureFileSmall=kx7yEserJt6/Qb5P33yJEg==, figureFileBig=n83vFnAmUXzBU3sc7Fl08w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215313890511082265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211432606529351792, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Distribution of tellurium content in A−A′ (a) and B−B′ (b) profiles with water depth, figureFileSmall=DFedkEh8JxJPxmdr7Q6QQg==, figureFileBig=m7gSN/LOloFyvJWRFl3ZUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215313890666271524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211432606529351792, language=CN, label=图5, caption=A−A′剖面(a)及B−B′剖面(b)碲元素含量随水深的分布, figureFileSmall=DFedkEh8JxJPxmdr7Q6QQg==, figureFileBig=m7gSN/LOloFyvJWRFl3ZUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215313890766934829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211432606529351792, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Occurrence state and distribution of tellurium in Co−rich crusts, figureFileSmall=dT6xdP6MEAQkx3P8p+QrOQ==, figureFileBig=lwQjjNLJc2rrPPAzlB8avw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215313890850820913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211432606529351792, language=CN, label=图6, caption=碲元素在富钴结壳中的赋存状态分布, figureFileSmall=dT6xdP6MEAQkx3P8p+QrOQ==, figureFileBig=lwQjjNLJc2rrPPAzlB8avw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215313890951484217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211432606529351792, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Tree diagram of element cluster analysis, figureFileSmall=CF5nEzmgBp+Pino5QHQ1Ag==, figureFileBig=15AN4LwxTZUu34GzqgNTfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215313891047953215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211432606529351792, language=CN, label=图7, caption=元素聚类分析树形图, figureFileSmall=CF5nEzmgBp+Pino5QHQ1Ag==, figureFileBig=15AN4LwxTZUu34GzqgNTfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215313891123450696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211432606529351792, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Statistics of tellurium content in crust in the study area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称样品数最大值/
(μg·g−1
最小值/
(μg·g−1
平均值/
(μg·g−1
标准
偏差
离散
系数
注:“−” 代表只包含一个站位数据,未计算标准偏差和离散系数。
结壳调查区185145.217.847.419.60.41
麦哲伦海山群99108.918.553.417.40.33
MG43995.037.464.014.30.22
MG52973.942.853.57.20.13
MG313108.927.543.921.50.49
MG2870.027.741.613.00.31
MG11044.218.527.86.80.25
马尔库斯维
克海山群
1796.927.247.121.40.45
MW3127.227.227.2
MW11087.127.647.919.50.41
MW2696.930.349.126.40.54
马绍尔海山群13145.231.248.930.20.62
MS113145.231.248.930.20.62
中太平洋
海山群
1993.924.246.018.30.40
M1445.524.232.69.40.29
M21593.924.449.618.60.37
莱恩海山链3765.617.831.811.00.35
L1846.519.429.89.70.32
L21465.618.436.210.40.29
L31551.417.828.511.50.40
), ArticleFig(id=1215313891215725387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211432606529351792, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究区富钴结壳碲元素含量统计表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称样品数最大值/
(μg·g−1
最小值/
(μg·g−1
平均值/
(μg·g−1
标准
偏差
离散
系数
注:“−” 代表只包含一个站位数据,未计算标准偏差和离散系数。
结壳调查区185145.217.847.419.60.41
麦哲伦海山群99108.918.553.417.40.33
MG43995.037.464.014.30.22
MG52973.942.853.57.20.13
MG313108.927.543.921.50.49
MG2870.027.741.613.00.31
MG11044.218.527.86.80.25
马尔库斯维
克海山群
1796.927.247.121.40.45
MW3127.227.227.2
MW11087.127.647.919.50.41
MW2696.930.349.126.40.54
马绍尔海山群13145.231.248.930.20.62
MS113145.231.248.930.20.62
中太平洋
海山群
1993.924.246.018.30.40
M1445.524.232.69.40.29
M21593.924.449.618.60.37
莱恩海山链3765.617.831.811.00.35
L1846.519.429.89.70.32
L21465.618.436.210.40.29
L31551.417.828.511.50.40
), ArticleFig(id=1215313891324777294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211432606529351792, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Statistics of major and trace elements in Co−rich at crusts of the study area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
海山群海山参数常量元素含量/%微量元素含量/(μg·g−1
SiO2TiO2Al2O3Fe2O3MnOMgOCaONa2OK2OP2O5CoNiCuZnBaPbSrMoCe∑REEWMoTePt
注:∑REE为稀土总量。
马尔库斯维克
海山群
MW1最大值18.321.903.1726.8233.482.424.494.170.791.670.800.700.309082 7462 1311 7229091 6833 21210347787.071 183.00
最小值6.311.231.1719.9124.921.662.982.270.560.920.530.33 0.064981 0001 4551 2893606951 5386625227.58118.00
平均值11.621.542.0624.5529.631.953.542.630.691.150.650.470.136241 4481 7531 4245561 1082 1137731247.88344.86
样品数101111111111111111111111262626262626262610101014
MW2最大值18.292.583.0827.9638.762.327.743.210.832.830.990.720.157561 6001 9931 5507151 1131 94315558996.87617.74
最小值2.081.290.5016.3624.091.592.972.080.580.510.410.290.053901 0751 4921 2834647391 6106325830.33141.00
平均值11.211.722.0223.6029.871.923.842.480.691.080.650.480.084991 2551 8401 4365798611 7719236649.07267.50
样品数25262626262626262626262611111111111111116668
MW3最大值19.521.512.8626.6824.651.652.902.510.720.990.520.310.075141 2001 5871 4414918151 6896223827.16164.00
最小值15.751.372.3225.3223.191.632.822.280.680.930.480.290.074791 0001 5431 3174537121 4376223827.16150.00
平均值17.641.442.5926.0023.921.642.862.400.700.960.500.300.074971 1001 5651 3794727641 5636223827.16157.00
样品数222222222222222222221112
中太平洋
海山群
M1最大值14.222.102.7026.5235.572.349.142.951.024.090.840.810.289132 4231 7191 7556331 4612 4867631545.47408.76
最小值5.861.541.4218.9626.761.393.072.240.530.490.460.330.084951 2701 3791 1593719201 7045424924.18131.00
平均值9.641.811.8822.9529.591.824.042.530.701.120.690.460.136171 6501 5921 4024641 1612 1806427932.58238.48
样品数999999999999999999994443
M2最大值14.195.622.8629.5736.242.4319.392.780.849.581.130.810.227741 9502 1451 6007641 3422 66550561693.94784.00
最小值2.181.080.5011.9526.821.702.962.090.530.640.510.280.065001 30001 2003486931 5964820124.43131.85
中太平洋
海山群
M2平均值8.782.081.7022.4931.811.955.082.380.681.860.740.550.136191 5991 7081 4265481 0522 04312932049.56411.93
样品数252727272727272727272727272727272727272716161513
麦哲伦
海山群
MG3最大值19.082.954.8638.9939.352.6412.333.211.426.360.950.730.269152 8002 4281 9886281 6302 9891294355108.88502.00
最小值5.221.641.1119.2723.541.492.811.880.550.790.340.260.085156281 2846283617621 5234017927.4694.60
平均值11.411.992.6824.9427.951.824.572.270.781.640.560.410.156701 6761 6131 3844671 1352 22616026843.88296.06
样品数191919191919191919191919191919191919191913131314
MG4最大值22.382.114.5231.1338.922.2930.053.201.6719.220.620.750.228607 9701 9052 4027681 7442 73914476895.001 115.49
最小值0.630.390.749.9718.140.872.990.860.340.940.200.300.0650693401 1732355911 4153523537.44276.75
平均值8.611.552.1020.4730.291.7610.212.350.705.190.460.450.126681 9531 4691 5495051 0282 0397350564.00601.59
样品数394040404040404040404040404040404040403940403915
MG5最大值12.282.223.1226.8836.032.2622.322.830.8413.530.830.580.248034 2061 9481 9036621 4232 67010966273.90985.20
最小值2.221.110.9314.7524.691.133.741.500.460.930.280.280.075631 4531 2661 2853327071 4962433242.79330.34
平均值8.232.502.7621.2528.582.5710.933.121.576.131.421.381.106371 9631 3951 5094879471 8567048753.50542.17
样品数292929292929292929292929292929292929292929292929
MG1最大值18.741.974.0529.1030.082.298.203.300.854.210.720.630.177671 8001 7981 5155721 1762 3648431444.15360.00
最小值7.941.361.2020.8720.201.732.872.060.520.770.350.230.074861 0001 2581 2502256531 3974318718.4791.75
平均值13.851.673.2025.2925.051.943.742.430.721.300.470.390.116171 4151 5811 3774298641 7846425627.81206.93
样品数17252525252525252525252525252525252525251010108
MG2最大值20.762.266.2330.5132.392.0613.123.141.816.280.640.530.247782 0001 8551 7126541 3442 58013249669.97525.00
麦哲伦
海山群
MG2最小值5.011.491.0420.1016.921.682.822.170.590.550.340.170.054491 1001 1361 0002885471 1874213527.7494.10
平均值13.271.883.3825.4125.251.844.362.410.841.400.480.370.146231 5371 5411 3884459471 8427528041.59268.12
样品数212323232323232323232323232323232323232388811
马绍尔
海山群
MS1最大值15.612.443.5426.2337.562.2111.972.600.976.651.130.800.348992 5004 3751 8007471 6573 104111454145.15615.00
最小值3.761.490.6618.3325.911.533.161.910.490.680.470.350.065431 2001 1591 3114067441 2636522831.1642.70
平均值10.431.962.0723.8229.421.854.002.320.711.210.690.470.166701 6061 6651 4555151 0351 9478531548.89298.11
样品数232323232323232323232323232323232323232313131313
莱恩
海山链
L1最大值19.522.322.8627.0633.222.0810.632.600.966.041.010.700.238694 9181 9531 9927051 6152 6499637746.48452.00
最小值4.441.370.6620.6723.191.632.822.040.490.760.480.290.074791 0001 0661 3174276541 2015922919.41125.00
平均值9.411.841.7324.4329.191.813.982.320.681.330.640.490.126982 0091 3741 5225588681 6257931329.82244.31
样品数161616161616161616161616161616161616161699812
L2最大值15.562.083.8529.9936.772.6212.182.641.065.401.070.950.239063 4002 0221 8007991 6712 7513 07155165.60520.00
最小值2.861.230.9113.6124.781.572.911.880.500.620.290.330.065161300831130034872913886225218.3579.80
平均值8.701.871.7224.7329.921.874.142.280.671.320.710.490.136881 9211 4171 51458810161 97532137436.21269.33
样品数212121212121212121212121212121212121212114141415
L3最大值13.342.222.9830.4533.682.0819.162.990.997.640.910.680.268869 1002 2242 2097151 4302 3438739151.43612.00
最小值5.641.540.6620.7623.481.302.681.660.480.610.230.310.075161 3006981 2084255831 1063524017.82105.00
平均值9.181.851.7025.9729.141.774.372.220.671.330.580.450.146712 3331 1841 5235388401 6756930328.54268.87
样品数252525252525252525252525252525252525252515151515
), ArticleFig(id=1215313891458995029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211432606529351792, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

研究区富钴结壳主要常量、微量元素含量统计表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
海山群海山参数常量元素含量/%微量元素含量/(μg·g−1
SiO2TiO2Al2O3Fe2O3MnOMgOCaONa2OK2OP2O5CoNiCuZnBaPbSrMoCe∑REEWMoTePt
注:∑REE为稀土总量。
马尔库斯维克
海山群
MW1最大值18.321.903.1726.8233.482.424.494.170.791.670.800.700.309082 7462 1311 7229091 6833 21210347787.071 183.00
最小值6.311.231.1719.9124.921.662.982.270.560.920.530.33 0.064981 0001 4551 2893606951 5386625227.58118.00
平均值11.621.542.0624.5529.631.953.542.630.691.150.650.470.136241 4481 7531 4245561 1082 1137731247.88344.86
样品数101111111111111111111111262626262626262610101014
MW2最大值18.292.583.0827.9638.762.327.743.210.832.830.990.720.157561 6001 9931 5507151 1131 94315558996.87617.74
最小值2.081.290.5016.3624.091.592.972.080.580.510.410.290.053901 0751 4921 2834647391 6106325830.33141.00
平均值11.211.722.0223.6029.871.923.842.480.691.080.650.480.084991 2551 8401 4365798611 7719236649.07267.50
样品数25262626262626262626262611111111111111116668
MW3最大值19.521.512.8626.6824.651.652.902.510.720.990.520.310.075141 2001 5871 4414918151 6896223827.16164.00
最小值15.751.372.3225.3223.191.632.822.280.680.930.480.290.074791 0001 5431 3174537121 4376223827.16150.00
平均值17.641.442.5926.0023.921.642.862.400.700.960.500.300.074971 1001 5651 3794727641 5636223827.16157.00
样品数222222222222222222221112
中太平洋
海山群
M1最大值14.222.102.7026.5235.572.349.142.951.024.090.840.810.289132 4231 7191 7556331 4612 4867631545.47408.76
最小值5.861.541.4218.9626.761.393.072.240.530.490.460.330.084951 2701 3791 1593719201 7045424924.18131.00
平均值9.641.811.8822.9529.591.824.042.530.701.120.690.460.136171 6501 5921 4024641 1612 1806427932.58238.48
样品数999999999999999999994443
M2最大值14.195.622.8629.5736.242.4319.392.780.849.581.130.810.227741 9502 1451 6007641 3422 66550561693.94784.00
最小值2.181.080.5011.9526.821.702.962.090.530.640.510.280.065001 30001 2003486931 5964820124.43131.85
中太平洋
海山群
M2平均值8.782.081.7022.4931.811.955.082.380.681.860.740.550.136191 5991 7081 4265481 0522 04312932049.56411.93
样品数252727272727272727272727272727272727272716161513
麦哲伦
海山群
MG3最大值19.082.954.8638.9939.352.6412.333.211.426.360.950.730.269152 8002 4281 9886281 6302 9891294355108.88502.00
最小值5.221.641.1119.2723.541.492.811.880.550.790.340.260.085156281 2846283617621 5234017927.4694.60
平均值11.411.992.6824.9427.951.824.572.270.781.640.560.410.156701 6761 6131 3844671 1352 22616026843.88296.06
样品数191919191919191919191919191919191919191913131314
MG4最大值22.382.114.5231.1338.922.2930.053.201.6719.220.620.750.228607 9701 9052 4027681 7442 73914476895.001 115.49
最小值0.630.390.749.9718.140.872.990.860.340.940.200.300.0650693401 1732355911 4153523537.44276.75
平均值8.611.552.1020.4730.291.7610.212.350.705.190.460.450.126681 9531 4691 5495051 0282 0397350564.00601.59
样品数394040404040404040404040404040404040403940403915
MG5最大值12.282.223.1226.8836.032.2622.322.830.8413.530.830.580.248034 2061 9481 9036621 4232 67010966273.90985.20
最小值2.221.110.9314.7524.691.133.741.500.460.930.280.280.075631 4531 2661 2853327071 4962433242.79330.34
平均值8.232.502.7621.2528.582.5710.933.121.576.131.421.381.106371 9631 3951 5094879471 8567048753.50542.17
样品数292929292929292929292929292929292929292929292929
MG1最大值18.741.974.0529.1030.082.298.203.300.854.210.720.630.177671 8001 7981 5155721 1762 3648431444.15360.00
最小值7.941.361.2020.8720.201.732.872.060.520.770.350.230.074861 0001 2581 2502256531 3974318718.4791.75
平均值13.851.673.2025.2925.051.943.742.430.721.300.470.390.116171 4151 5811 3774298641 7846425627.81206.93
样品数17252525252525252525252525252525252525251010108
MG2最大值20.762.266.2330.5132.392.0613.123.141.816.280.640.530.247782 0001 8551 7126541 3442 58013249669.97525.00
麦哲伦
海山群
MG2最小值5.011.491.0420.1016.921.682.822.170.590.550.340.170.054491 1001 1361 0002885471 1874213527.7494.10
平均值13.271.883.3825.4125.251.844.362.410.841.400.480.370.146231 5371 5411 3884459471 8427528041.59268.12
样品数212323232323232323232323232323232323232388811
马绍尔
海山群
MS1最大值15.612.443.5426.2337.562.2111.972.600.976.651.130.800.348992 5004 3751 8007471 6573 104111454145.15615.00
最小值3.761.490.6618.3325.911.533.161.910.490.680.470.350.065431 2001 1591 3114067441 2636522831.1642.70
平均值10.431.962.0723.8229.421.854.002.320.711.210.690.470.166701 6061 6651 4555151 0351 9478531548.89298.11
样品数232323232323232323232323232323232323232313131313
莱恩
海山链
L1最大值19.522.322.8627.0633.222.0810.632.600.966.041.010.700.238694 9181 9531 9927051 6152 6499637746.48452.00
最小值4.441.370.6620.6723.191.632.822.040.490.760.480.290.074791 0001 0661 3174276541 2015922919.41125.00
平均值9.411.841.7324.4329.191.813.982.320.681.330.640.490.126982 0091 3741 5225588681 6257931329.82244.31
样品数161616161616161616161616161616161616161699812
L2最大值15.562.083.8529.9936.772.6212.182.641.065.401.070.950.239063 4002 0221 8007991 6712 7513 07155165.60520.00
最小值2.861.230.9113.6124.781.572.911.880.500.620.290.330.065161300831130034872913886225218.3579.80
平均值8.701.871.7224.7329.921.874.142.280.671.320.710.490.136881 9211 4171 51458810161 97532137436.21269.33
样品数212121212121212121212121212121212121212114141415
L3最大值13.342.222.9830.4533.682.0819.162.990.997.640.910.680.268869 1002 2242 2097151 4302 3438739151.43612.00
最小值5.641.540.6620.7623.481.302.681.660.480.610.230.310.075161 3006981 2084255831 1063524017.82105.00
平均值9.181.851.7025.9729.141.774.372.220.671.330.580.450.146712 3331 1841 5235388401 6756930328.54268.87
样品数252525252525252525252525252525252525252515151515
), ArticleFig(id=1215313891593212760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211432606529351792, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Tellurium element and main element load matrix

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分
F1F2F3F4F5
初始特征值5.9633.9511.7341.6531.153
方差/%33.12821.9499.6329.1836.405
累积方差/%33.12855.07764.71073.89380.297
Ca0.921−0.257−0.0980.131−0.071
P0.915−0.276−0.1240.147−0.060
Fe−0.835−0.1760.084−0.2820.159
Si−0.753−0.4970.1300.2510.023
Sr0.6710.058−0.012−0.485−0.059
Pt0.6370.0880.1660.5270.218
Ba0.580−0.1800.389−0.386−0.141
Ti−0.5790.2450.369−0.2070.481
Te0.5230.294−0.0050.4810.416
Mn0.1430.900−0.101−0.0730.111
Ni0.0420.8930.1330.116−0.303
Co−0.4210.736−0.230−0.2000.095
Mg−0.4480.6700.1590.341−0.213
Na−0.1490.535−0.2020.2760.018
Al−0.500−0.5250.3160.517−0.090
Cu0.0150.0810.902−0.032−0.038
Zn0.5010.4170.523−0.041−0.259
∑REE0.5390.0310.188−0.1190.638
), ArticleFig(id=1215313891702264671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211432606529351792, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

碲元素与主要常量、微量元素载荷矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成分
F1F2F3F4F5
初始特征值5.9633.9511.7341.6531.153
方差/%33.12821.9499.6329.1836.405
累积方差/%33.12855.07764.71073.89380.297
Ca0.921−0.257−0.0980.131−0.071
P0.915−0.276−0.1240.147−0.060
Fe−0.835−0.1760.084−0.2820.159
Si−0.753−0.4970.1300.2510.023
Sr0.6710.058−0.012−0.485−0.059
Pt0.6370.0880.1660.5270.218
Ba0.580−0.1800.389−0.386−0.141
Ti−0.5790.2450.369−0.2070.481
Te0.5230.294−0.0050.4810.416
Mn0.1430.900−0.101−0.0730.111
Ni0.0420.8930.1330.116−0.303
Co−0.4210.736−0.230−0.2000.095
Mg−0.4480.6700.1590.341−0.213
Na−0.1490.535−0.2020.2760.018
Al−0.500−0.5250.3160.517−0.090
Cu0.0150.0810.902−0.032−0.038
Zn0.5010.4170.523−0.041−0.259
∑REE0.5390.0310.188−0.1190.638
), ArticleFig(id=1215313891794539366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211432606529351792, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Content comparison of Te elements in different mineral types

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物质碲元素含量/ (ng∙g−1来源
中、西太平洋富钴结壳17 820~145 150本文
太平洋富钴结壳13 410~115 800文献[19]
铁锰结壳6 000~52 000文献[6]
海底热液硫化物1~10 000文献[20]
铁锰结核5 000文献[22]
C1球粒陨石2 320文献[21]
深海沉积物1 000文献[22]
硅酸盐12文献[23]
火山弧2.3~6.2文献[24]
洋中脊玄武岩0.8~7.5文献[24]
地壳0.36~10.00文献[25]
海水2×10−14~5×10−14文献[1]
), ArticleFig(id=1215313891899396969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211432606529351792, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同矿物类型碲元素含量比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物质碲元素含量/ (ng∙g−1来源
中、西太平洋富钴结壳17 820~145 150本文
太平洋富钴结壳13 410~115 800文献[19]
铁锰结壳6 000~52 000文献[6]
海底热液硫化物1~10 000文献[20]
铁锰结核5 000文献[22]
C1球粒陨石2 320文献[21]
深海沉积物1 000文献[22]
硅酸盐12文献[23]
火山弧2.3~6.2文献[24]
洋中脊玄武岩0.8~7.5文献[24]
地壳0.36~10.00文献[25]
海水2×10−14~5×10−14文献[1]
), ArticleFig(id=1215313892004254577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211432606529351792, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Statistical table of Te element resources in seamount Co−rich crusts

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
海山碲元素含量/(μg∙g−1)富集系数平均值/工业品位大于最低工业品位频率干结壳量/104 t碲金属量/t
注:*碲的工业品位为0.000 2%~0.03%[26],碲的地壳丰度为0.001 μg/g[1]
富钴结壳调查区47.4047 39523.70100%156 63076 330
麦哲伦海山群53.3553 35426.68100%79 83542 595
马尔库斯维克海山群47.0847 08323.54100%36 78017 318
中太平洋海山群45.9945 98522.99100%18 6068 556
马绍尔海山群48.8948 88724.44100%6 1713 017
莱恩海山链31.7931 79415.90100%15 2364 844
), ArticleFig(id=1215313892075557747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211432606529351792, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

海山富钴结壳碲元素资源量估算

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
海山碲元素含量/(μg∙g−1)富集系数平均值/工业品位大于最低工业品位频率干结壳量/104 t碲金属量/t
注:*碲的工业品位为0.000 2%~0.03%[26],碲的地壳丰度为0.001 μg/g[1]
富钴结壳调查区47.4047 39523.70100%156 63076 330
麦哲伦海山群53.3553 35426.68100%79 83542 595
马尔库斯维克海山群47.0847 08323.54100%36 78017 318
中太平洋海山群45.9945 98522.99100%18 6068 556
马绍尔海山群48.8948 88724.44100%6 1713 017
莱恩海山链31.7931 79415.90100%15 2364 844
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中、西太平洋海山富钴结壳碲元素地球化学特征及其资源潜力
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张辉 1, 2 , 刘季花 1, 2, * , 高晶晶 1, 2 , 崔迎春 1, 2 , 张颖 1, 2 , 白亚之 1, 2 , 何连花 1, 2
海洋学报 | 论文 2023,45(6): 109-121
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海洋学报 | 论文 2023, 45(6): 109-121
中、西太平洋海山富钴结壳碲元素地球化学特征及其资源潜力
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张辉1, 2 , 刘季花1, 2, * , 高晶晶1, 2, 崔迎春1, 2, 张颖1, 2, 白亚之1, 2, 何连花1, 2
作者信息
  • 1 自然资源部第一海洋研究所 海洋地质与成矿作用自然资源部重点实验室,山东 青岛 266061
  • 2 崂山实验室 海洋地质过程与环境功能实验室,山东 青岛 266061
  • 张辉(1982-),女,山东省德州市人,工程师,主要从事元素地球化学和同位素地球化学研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*刘季花,女,研究员,主要从事海洋沉积地球化学与海底成矿资源研究。E-mail:
Geochemical characteristics and resource potentiality evaluation of tellurium in Co-rich crusts from the Mid-West Pacific Ocean
Hui Zhang1, 2 , Jihua Liu1, 2, * , Jingjing Gao1, 2, Yingchun Cui1, 2, Ying Zhang1, 2, Yazhi Bai1, 2, Lianhua He1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Metallogeny, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
  • 2Laboratory for Marine Geology, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266061, China
出版时间: 2023-06-30 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023079
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根据太平洋海山群(中太平洋海山群、莱恩海山链)和西太平洋海山群(麦哲伦海山群、马尔库斯维克海山群、马绍尔海山群)5个海山群14座海山的185个富钴结壳样品的碲元素分析测试,研究了其组成特征、空间分布规律、赋存相态及资源潜力。结果表明,研究区富钴结壳中碲元素质量分数的变化范围为17.8~145.2 μg/g,平均值为47.4 μg/g;各海山群碲元素的含量范围及区域富集程度存在较大差异,富集程度由高到低依次为麦哲伦海山群、马绍尔海山群、马尔库斯维克海山群、中太平洋海山群和莱恩海山链,区域上呈现自西向东逐渐降低的趋势。碲元素含量与水深呈径向相同、纬向相反的趋势,说明碲元素的富集不仅与结壳在海水中的产出深度有关,还与经纬度、海山地形及区域成矿环境有关。淋滤结果显示碲元素主要富集在铁氧化物及残渣态中,富氧环境和生物作用磷酸盐化对碲的富集成矿起决定性作用。参照陆地伴生有用元素最低工业品位要求,中、西太平洋研究区域海山样品富钴结壳碲元素含量均达到了工业品位要求,具有潜在的开发价值。由富钴结壳储量估算,中、西太平洋富钴结壳中碲储量大于7.63万t,是海底碲资源的重要储备基地。

富钴结壳  /  碲元素  /  分布规律  /  富集机制  /  资源潜力  /  中、西太平洋

In this paper, 185 iron manganeses crustal samples of 14 seamounts in 5 seamount groups of the Pacific seamount group (Central Pacific seamounts, Line seamount Chain) and the Western Pacific seamount group (Magellanic seamounts, Markus−Wake seamounts, marshall seamounts) have been analyzed for tellurium, and their spatial distribution, geochemical characteristics, chemical form and resource potential have been studied. The results show that the variation range of tellurium in cobalt-rich crusts is from 17.8 μg/g to 145.2 μg/g, and the average value is 47.4 μg/g. The content range and regional enrichment degree of tellurium in each seamount are quite different. The enrichment degree in descending order is the Magellanic seamounts, Marshall seamounts, Marcus−Wake seamounts , Central Pacific seamounts and Line seamount Chain, showing a trend of gradually decreasing from west to east, and different seamount groups also show obvious regional distribution characteristics. Tellurium content and water depth profile show the same radial and opposite latitudinal trends, indicating that the enrichment of Te is not only related to the depth of crust in seawater, but also related to the longitude and latitude, seamount topography, and regional metallogenic environment. The leaching results show that tellurium is mainly enriched in iron oxides and residues, and the oxygen-rich environment and biological action of phosphorylation play a decisive role in the enrichment of tellurium. Concerning the minimum industrial grade requirements for terrestrial associated useful elements, the tellurium content in cobalt-rich crusts of seamount samples in the Mid-West Pacific Ocean study areas meets the industrial grade requirements, which has potential development value. According to the estimation of cobalt-rich crust reserves, the tellurium reserves in cobalt-rich crusts in the Mid-West Pacific Ocean are more than 76300 tons, which is an important reserve base for seafloor tellurium resources.ic

Cobalt-rich crusts  /  tellurium element  /  spatial distribution  /  enrichment mechanism  /  resource potential  /  Mid-West Pacific Ocean
张辉, 刘季花, 高晶晶, 崔迎春, 张颖, 白亚之, 何连花. 中、西太平洋海山富钴结壳碲元素地球化学特征及其资源潜力. 海洋学报, 2023 , 45 (6) : 109 -121 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2023079
Hui Zhang, Jihua Liu, Jingjing Gao, Yingchun Cui, Ying Zhang, Yazhi Bai, Lianhua He. Geochemical characteristics and resource potentiality evaluation of tellurium in Co-rich crusts from the Mid-West Pacific Ocean[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2023 , 45 (6) : 109 -121 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2023079
碲(Tellurium,Te)位于元素周期表第五周期VIA族,具有明显的金属性质,是良好的合金添加剂,可广泛用于冶金行业,尤其在太阳能电池等新兴行业的需求日益增强。近年来碲被应用于光电及热电等高技术领域,是制造夜视镜、红外探测仪、激光和红外雷达的良好材料。同时碲也是制造半导体制冷的上乘材料,可做雷达、水地导弹冷却、潜艇空气调节与清除CO2的分子筛。另外,碲在温差发电方面也得到了有效应用,被称为国防工业与现代工业不可或缺的“维生素”。碲在地壳中的平均丰度值很低,仅为1.0 ng/g[1],被称为“稀有元素” “分散元素”或“稀散金属”。近年来国内外一系列重要的碲伴生矿床被发现,已探明的全球碲储量为14.9万t,美国矿业局推算伴生在铜矿床中的碲储量大约为2.1万t[2]。我国已探明的碲储量在世界上处于第三位,已发现的伴生碲矿区储量近1.4万t,还有未计入储量的碲矿资源约为1.0万t[3]。由于碲的稀缺性和重要性,随着近年来需求量的大幅增加,目前的储量已经远远不能满足需求,因此开拓新的矿源地已经迫在眉睫,也成为世界各国能源战略的重要组成部分。
富钴结壳是一种重要的矿产资源,由铁和锰的氧化物和氢氧化物组成,广泛分布在海底平原、海山和海脊等地貌单元。除铁和锰外,富钴结壳还富含其他多种经济价值元素,其中碲元素的质量分数在0.06~205 μg/g之间,最高可达270 μg/g,平均值是地壳丰度的55 000倍。“原生结壳带”的富钴结壳富含碲,最高含量可达200 μg/g,据估算该种类型的富钴结壳含碲45万t[4]。可见,富钴结壳区是碲的重要资源储备基地,也是其未来开采利用的重要场所。因此,近年来富钴结壳中碲元素逐渐受到重视,诸多学者对其时空分布和富集规律进行了相关的调查研究,但大多数研究区集中于东太平洋,或中、西太平洋局部区域内[5-11],而对于中、西太平洋大范围海域缺乏系统性的调查研究。为此,本文选取了中、西太平洋5个海山群14座海山的富钴结壳样品开展碲元素的地球化学特征研究,旨在查明其组成特征、空间分布规律和赋存相态,在此基础上进行初步的资源潜力评价,为未来的矿产资源开发提供理论支撑。
本研究区位于中、西太平洋的麦哲伦海山群、马尔库斯维克海山群、中太平洋海山群、马绍尔海山群及莱恩海山链5个海山群(图1)。麦哲伦海山群位于西太平洋东马里亚纳海盆,西邻马里亚纳海沟,往东南逐渐延伸到马绍尔群岛,向北与马尔库斯维克海山群相邻,南为所罗门隆起。麦哲伦海山群研究区包含MG1、MG2、MG3、MG4、MG5 5座海山,海山的展布受构造控制,主要呈NW向带状分布。海山由火山机体和火山岩体构成,海山多为孤立状、双顶状、多顶状平顶山,平顶水深1 400~1 600 m,基座水深5 000~6 000 m。马尔库斯维克海山群包含MW1、MW2、MW3 3座海山,MW2海山顶部分成大小不等的4个平顶,海山顶部水深范围在1 700~2 000 m之间。中太平洋海山群位于夏威夷群岛和马绍尔群岛之间,处于莱恩群岛的NW向延伸方向上,海山呈簇状排列且近EW向展布于太平洋海山密集区,是多热点成因的板内火山作用和板块构造运动的共同产物,包含M1、M2两座海山。M1海山下界圈闭深2 600 m,山顶水深12001600 m;M2海山水深在1 400~3800 m之间,山顶水深1 400~2 000 m。马绍尔群岛位于中太平洋海盆北部,自东向北沿NW方向延伸到马尔库斯维克海岭和麦哲伦海山,海山主要由玄武岩和火山碎屑岩构成,其上覆盖有孔虫软泥等碳酸盐沉积物,包含MS1海山,MS1海山整体方向呈SN方向,以水深1 400~1500 m作为山顶,最大水深达5 000~6 000 m。莱恩海山链年龄较年轻,主要表现为海山顶水深较大以及均为尖顶海山。研究区包含L1、L2和L3 3座海山,它们都位于莱恩群岛海山链北端,L1海山整体呈EW向分布,形状不规则,水深范围1 700~4 500 m;L2海山整体呈NW−SE向分布,形状不规则,水深范围1 300~5 000 m;L3海山整体呈EW向分布,形状不规则,由大约10个山顶组成,水深范围1 400~5 000 m。
本文研究样品为近20年中国大洋矿产资源协会对中、西太平洋进行地质和资源调查时获取,多数样品以海底岩石拖网采集,少数样品以浅钻的方式采集。站位分布如图1所示,覆盖麦哲伦海山群、马尔库斯维克海山群、中太平洋海山群、马绍尔海山群及莱恩海山链5个海山群,在14座海山(MG1、MG2、MG3、MG4、MG5、MW1、MW2、MW3、MS1、M1、M2、L1、L2、L3)共采集到185个富钴结壳样品,测试样品为结壳壳层全岩混合样品。
用四分法缩分取得20 g左右的结壳样品,80℃恒温烘干后于玛瑙研钵中粉碎至200目,准确称取0.5 g样品放入聚四氟乙烯溶样罐中,加入1∶1的氢氟酸、硝酸于钢套中高压190℃加热分解48 h,150℃赶尽HF后用王水溶解,移至聚乙烯试管中,定容,摇匀。分取部分澄清溶液,用体积比为3%的乙醇溶液稀释至500倍后,用等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)进行测定,测试过程同时做流程空白,使用Mcpt-1为质控样,同时选取10%样品做平行样,确保碲元素的测试相对偏差小于5%。
在MG3、MG1、M2和MW1 4个海山分别选取一个结壳样品采用分级淋滤法测定碲元素的赋存相态。用1 mol/L醋酸铵溶液浸取吸附态,2 mol/L醋酸溶液浸取碳酸盐态,0.1 mol/L盐酸羟氨溶液(90℃加热)浸取锰氧化物相,20%醋酸和1 mol/L盐酸羟氨溶液浸取铁氧化物相,相态提取样品同时测定碲元素含量。样品预处理和测试分析工作在海洋地质与成矿作用自然资源部重点实验室完成。
研究区域结壳中碲元素的质量分数变化范围为17.8~145.2 μg/g,平均值为47.4 μg/g(表1)。麦哲伦海山群99个样品中碲元素的质量分数的变化范围为18.5~108.9 μg/g,平均值为53.4 μg/g,离散系数为0.33;马尔库斯维克海山群17个样品中碲元素的质量分数的变化范围为27.2~96.9 μg/g,平均值为47.1 μg/g,离散系数为0.45;马绍尔海山群13个样品中碲元素的质量分数的变化范围为31.2~145.2 μg/g,平均值为48.9 μg/g,离散系数为0.62;中太平洋海山群19个样品中碲元素的质量分数的变化范围为24.2~93.9 μg/g,平均值为46.0 μg/g,离散系数为0.40;莱恩海山群37个样品中碲元素的质量分数的变化范围为17.8~65.6 μg/g,平均值为31.8 μg/g,离散系数为0.35。14座海山结壳中主要常量、微量元素的含量范围及平均值见表2
碲元素在5座海山群富钴结壳中的富集程度由高到低依次是:麦哲伦海山群、马绍尔海山群、马尔库斯海山群、中太平洋海山群和莱恩海山链,在空间上大致呈现东高西低的趋势(图2)。不同的海山群也表现出明显的区域性特征,麦哲伦海山群碲元素含量平均值由高到低依次为:MG4、MG5、MG3、MG2和MG1,呈现沿ES−WN方向逐渐降低的分布趋势。马尔库斯维克海山群碲元素含量平均值由高到低依次为:MW2、MW1和MW3,位于海山群南北两端的MW2、MW1海山高且平均含量接近,中间位置MW3海山低。中太平洋海山群碲元素含量平均值M2大于M1,两座海山呈EW向分布,东高西低。马绍尔海山群与处于同一经度范围内MW2海山碲元素含量平均值相当。莱恩海山链碲元素含量平均值由高到低依次为:L2、L1和L3,呈逆时针方向依次降低,碲元素在区域上呈由西向东逐渐降低的趋势。
由于碲无独立矿床工业要求[12],参照伴生碲含量较高的伴生矿一般工业要求:自然硫矿床中含碲0.001%~0.02%,含铜黄铁矿中含碲0.001%~0.016%,铜钼硫化物矿床中含碲0.000 8%~0.005%,各类型低温碲金矿床中含碲0.001%~0.01%,硫铁矿中含碲为0.005%,铜钼矿石中含碲为0.03%。本研究区域锰结壳中含碲为0.001 7%~0.015%,与自然硫矿床、含铜黄铁矿和低温碲金矿床含量相当。为更直观阐明碲元素空间分布规律,按碲元素4个含量范围:小于30 μg/g、30~50 μg/g、50~70 μg/g、大于70 μg/g进行碲元素二维空间分布特征研究,根据结壳碲元素的区域空间分布特征在1′×1′水深地形图上就各个海山、海山群结壳的碲元素含量范围进行投点,绘制了碲元素平面分布图(图3)。
麦哲伦海山群位于西太平洋东马里亚纳海盆,主要呈NW向带状分布。海山多为孤立状、双顶状、多顶状平顶山,平顶水深1 400~1 600 m,基座水深5 000~6 000 m,麦哲伦海山群碲元素分布趋势见图3a图3b,碲元素在MG1海山样品中除3个样品含量介于30~50 μg/g之间外,其余站位均小于30 μg/g;MG2海山样品碲元素含量以30~50 μg/g为主,仅1个样品含量高于50 μg/g,位于MG2海山东南端;MG3海山样品碲元素含量亦以30~50 μg/g为主;MG4海山样品碲元素含量基本高于50 μg/g,近半数样品碲元素含量高于70 μg/g;MG5海山除少数样品外,碲元素含量亦高于50 μg/g,仅有1个样品高于70 μg/g。碲元素在麦哲伦海山群富集程度由高到低的顺序是:MG4、MG5、MG3、MG2和MG1。
马绍尔海山群MS1海山几乎所有样品都集中在2 000~3 000 m水深等深线内,样品地形以海山上斜坡和海山斜坡为主,碲元素含量范围主要为30~50 μg/g(图3c),在海山北部斜坡1个采样站位碲元素含量高于70 μg/g。
马尔库斯维克海山群MW2海山的样品主要集中于2 000 m之内的海山山顶和上斜坡,MW1海山的样品分布的水深范围稍大。MW1海山碲元素分布趋势较明显,MW1N海山样品碲元素含量高于MW1S海山(图3d),即MW2海山碲元素含量南部高于北部。从以上特征可以推断出马尔库斯维克海山群海山碲元素富集的程度是MW1高于MW2。
中太平洋海山群包含了M1和M2海山,调查的大部分样品集中于海山顶和海山上斜坡,个别样品位于海山下斜坡。在南北向延伸的M1海山,样品主要分布于海山顶和上斜坡,M2海山样品主要分布于5个小海山顶和边缘,M1海山样品的碲元素含量低,均小于50 μg/g(图3e),M2海山样品碲元素富集程度相对较高,大部分站位高于50 μg/g。碲元素在中太平洋海山群富集的程度是M2高于M1。
莱恩海山链中的3个海山—L1、L3和L2海山多呈尖顶或近乎尖顶,仅L1海山发育了不甚宽广和平坦的海山顶,因此几乎所有的样品都位于海山斜坡,样品水深也多在2 000~4 000 m之间。莱恩海山链碲元素含量的分布具有较明显的区域性(图3f),总体上,位于东北部的L2海山样品碲元素含量范围为30~50 μg/g。L1海山碲元素含量西部高于东部;L3海山样品东部高于西部,西部站位碲元素含量基本低于30 μg/g,海山东部两个站位碲元素含量为50~70 μg/g。碲元素在莱恩海山链富集的程度由高到低是:L2、L1和L3。
本文选取了两个沿经、纬度方向的水深剖面来研究结壳样品碲元素的纵向变化规律(图4)。A−A′为穿过莱恩海山链L3海山的经向剖面,水深在2 573~3 100 m之间,剖面主要穿过两个平顶海山顶,地形主要以海山顶以及山顶上微地形和海山上斜坡为主,剖面线上采集了13个样品,整个水深剖面起伏较为频繁。碲元素含量与水深成近似相同变化趋势(图5a)。B-B′为马绍尔海山群穿过MS海山的纬向剖面,水深范围为1 534~2 810 m,剖面线采集了9个样品,地形为山顶和海山斜坡,碲元素含量在纬向上表现出与水深相反的趋势(图5b)。以上趋势在调查区域是一个非常典型的变化趋势,说明碲元素的富集不仅与结壳在海水中的产出深度有关,还与所处的经纬度、海山地形及区域成矿环境有关,这值得进一步研究。
淋滤实验结果(图6)显示,在吸附态和锰氧化物相中均未检出碲元素,碳酸盐态中所占比例也均低于2%。碲元素在铁氧化物相中所占比例分别为44%、41%、26%和38%,残渣相中所占比例为55%、58%、73%和60%。由此可见,碲元素主要赋存于铁氧化物相及残渣态中。
为研究碲元素富集机制,对研究样品中的主要元素进行了聚类分析,结果表明18种元素组合可以分为以下几类:磷酸盐相−生物作用组分(Ca、P、Te、Pt、∑REE、Ba、Sr、Cu、Zn)、锰矿物相−水成成因(Mg、Ni、Mn、Co、Na)、铝硅酸盐相−风尘或岩石水解或其他−火山作用陆源组分(Si、Al、Fe、Ti)(图7)。以累积方差贡献达到80%为标准(表3),选取5个因子代表结壳中18种组分参与的地质过程,主因子F1方差贡献率为33.128%,载荷较大的元素:Ca、P、Fe、Si、Sr、Pt、Ba、Ti、Te、Al、Zn、∑REE;因子F2方差贡献率为21.949%,载荷较大的元素:Mn、Ni、Co、Mg、Na、Al、Si;因子F3方差贡献率为9.632%,载荷较大的元素:Cu、Zn;因子F4方差贡献率为9.183%,载荷较大的元素:Pt、Te、Al、Sr;因子F5方差贡献率为6.405%,载荷较大的元素:Ti、Te、∑REE。
碲元素主要参与到F1、F4和F5因子中,在F1中载荷最大,且具有最大的特征值,方差贡献大于其他因子,因此生物磷酸盐化过程在碲元素的富集成矿过程中起决定性的作用。淋滤结果表明碲元素主要赋存于铁氧化物相及残渣相中(图6)。目前,已有研究表明在大洋水成结壳中发现了以吸附和独立矿物两种赋存状态存在的碲元素,其中吸附型的主要赋存在铁氧化物相中[6, 13-14],独立矿物为碲元素的氧化物[15],且水成铁锰矿中85%~100%的碲元素以+6价形式出现,表明碲元素为氧化富集过程[16]。铈异常系数(δCe)代表海底氧化还原环境,碲元素与δCe相关系数大于0.70,且碲元素在研究区域内区域变化趋势与南极底层流的流路相吻合[17],由此推断碲元素在海山铁锰结壳中的富集与南极底层流有着密切的关系,低温富氧的南极底层流携带丰富的成矿物质为碲元素的富集提供了富氧环境。
碲元素与Pt具有相近的载荷系数,研究区域结壳样品内碲元素与铂族元素总含量(PGE)及Pt含量呈明显的正相关,相关系数分别为0.67、0.60。其中,麦哲伦海山群为0.60、0.58,中太平洋海山群为0.75、0.77,马尔库斯维克海山群为0.64、0.60,马绍尔海山群为0.76、0.75,莱恩海山链为0.72、0.63,碲元素和Pt与主要常量、微量元素的相关性系数相近,由此推断碲元素与铂族元素在海底特殊环境中可能具有相同的富集机制[18],在磷酸盐化−生物作用下于氧化环境中形成共沉淀在铁氧化物表面富集。
本研究中太平洋铁锰结壳样品中碲元素含量变化介于17.82~145.15 μg/g之间,平均值为47.4 μg/g,与游国庆等[19]在太平洋海区对富钴结壳的测定结果相近似。前人在太平洋开展过相关的调查与研究,结果指示太平洋地区结壳103个样品的碲元素含量变化介于29~191 μg/g之间,平均值为65 μg/g[6];中太平洋北赤道带7个样品的平均碲元素含量为53 μg/g,西太平洋麦哲伦海山区6个样品的碲元素平均含量为62 μg/g[6]。由此可见,太平洋地区富钴结壳样品中碲元素分布相对均匀,其值高出北美大陆边缘结壳及热液锰氧化物样品数10倍之多[20]。另外,不同矿物类型或载体中的碲元素含量差异很大(表4),若与海水相比,调查区结壳中平均碲元素含量相当于海水的109[1],约为地壳中碲元素含量最高值的5 000倍,比CI球粒陨石高20倍[21]、比深海沉积物高约50倍[22],这种差异性指示了成矿过程对碲元素的决定性控制作用,也进一步表明了富钴结壳的资源价值,14座海山富钴结壳中的碲与自然硫矿床、含铜黄铁矿及陆地低温碲金矿床中工业品位相当[12],大于最低工业品位,具有开采价值(表5)及重要的资源潜力。
根据研究区所选样品的碲元素平均含量数据,将5个海山群14座海山的185个铁锰结壳样品资源量进行计算,计算方法如下,结果见表5
$ ME=DM\times \overline{C} \text{,} $
$ \overline{C}=\left(\sum\limits _{i=1}^{n}{C}_{i}\right)\Bigg/n \text{,} $
式中,ME为金属资源量;DM为干结壳量;$ \overline{C} $为碲元素平均含量;$ {C}_{i} $为研究区内测站碲元素的含量;n为含矿区内站位数。
根据航次资料预估本文所选海山范围内干结壳量约为15.66×104万t[27-31],采用海山碲元素平均含量计算,研究区域碲元素资源量约为7.63万t。本文样品仅分布于中、西太平洋部分海山,因此预计碲元素在中、西太平洋的资源量远大于7.63万t,与已探明的全球碲储量14.9万t相比[2],不容忽视。由此推断,未来广泛分布于洋底的富钴结壳或将成为重要的碲资源储库。
通过对中、西太平洋富钴结壳碲元素含量开展系统的分布特征研究、赋存相态及资源潜力评价,得到以下主要结论:
(1)中、西太平洋碲元素含量的变化范围为17.8~145.2 μg/g,平均值为47 .4 μg/g。碲元素在5座海山群中的富集程度由高到低依次为:麦哲伦海山群、马绍尔海山群、马尔库斯维克海山群、中太平洋海山群和莱恩海山链,碲元素含量在所研究海山中的平均值区域上呈现东高西低的趋势。
(2)碲元素含量与水深剖面呈径向相同、纬向相反的趋势,说明碲元素的富集不仅与结壳在海水中的产出深度有关,还与所处的经纬度、海山地形及区域成矿环境密切相关。
(3)碲元素赋存于铁氧化物相和残渣态,富氧环境、生物作用磷酸盐化对碲的富集起决定性作用,碲元素或与铂族元素具有相近的载荷系数且成正相关关系,因此在海底特殊环境中可能具有相同的富集机制。
(4)中、西太平洋调查海山富钴结壳样品主要伴生碲元素的含量均达到工业品位要求,根据干结壳量估算西、中太平洋碲元素的资源量远大于7.63万t,未来广泛分布于洋底的富钴结壳将成为碲元素的重要资源储库。
  • 国家自然科学基金(40976038);自然资源部第一海洋研究所基本科研业务费专项资金(GY02-2013G06);崂山实验室山东省专项(2021QNLM020003-2);国际海域资源调查与开发“十二五”规划项目(DY125-13-R-07)。
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2023年第45卷第6期
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doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023079
  • 接收时间:2022-03-28
  • 首发时间:2025-12-26
  • 出版时间:2023-06-30
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  • 收稿日期:2022-03-28
  • 修回日期:2022-10-04
基金
国家自然科学基金(40976038);自然资源部第一海洋研究所基本科研业务费专项资金(GY02-2013G06);崂山实验室山东省专项(2021QNLM020003-2);国际海域资源调查与开发“十二五”规划项目(DY125-13-R-07)。
作者信息
    1 自然资源部第一海洋研究所 海洋地质与成矿作用自然资源部重点实验室,山东 青岛 266061
    2 崂山实验室 海洋地质过程与环境功能实验室,山东 青岛 266061

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*刘季花,女,研究员,主要从事海洋沉积地球化学与海底成矿资源研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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