Article(id=1211375592054846033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1211375588842016922, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12284/hyxb2023062, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1665244800000, receivedDateStr=2022-10-09, revisedDate=1669910400000, revisedDateStr=2022-12-02, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766744047415, onlineDateStr=2025-12-26, pubDate=1682870400000, pubDateStr=2023-05-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766744047415, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766744047415, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766744047415, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1211375588842016922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2023', volume='45', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='106', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766744046650, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766924547610, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1212132664795067184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1211375588842016922, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1212132664795067185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1211375588842016922, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=27, endPage=38, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1211375592293921368, articleId=1211375592054846033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Analysis on the variation characteristics of environmental factors and influencing factors in the process of Phaeocystis globosa bloom in the western waters of Hainan Island, columnId=1194652705852465724, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Combined with hydrometeorological data, a six-day tracking survey was carried out in the coastal waters of Changhua Town, Changjiang County, western Hainan Island on March 10 to 15, 2022. And this study analyzed the variation characteristics of environmental factors and influencing factors in the process of Phaeocystis globose bloom. During the peak of the bloom, the abundance of Phaeocystis globosa and CODMn were as high as 3.10×108 cells/L and 35 mg/L, which were much higher than those reported in other areas. The rainfall and wind wave disturbance before the bloom promoted the terrestrial runoff and the release of sedimentary nutrients, which provided material conditions for the bloom. The sudden rise of temperature induces the bloom, and the larger tidal range and lower wind speed create favorable external conditions for the accumulation along the colony. During the elimination of the bloom, the concentrations of DIN, PO4-P, DO, CODMn and Mn decreased significantly, in which DIN and PO4-P were the limiting factors, and DO, CODMn and Mn were important characteristic factors. After the yellow colony broken, the concentrations of Chl a and SiO3-Si also decreased rapidly, and then slowly increased or even higher than the peak concentration level, when the diatom abundance represented by Chaetoceros curvisetus gradually increased. The study also preliminarily explores the basic generation and elimination process of the bloom, which provides an important reference for the further study of the bloom mechanism of P. globosa in this area.

, correspAuthors=Shuguo Lü, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2023 Pratacultural Science. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Chuanhui Fu, Junfeng Chen, Zhiyuan Liu, Yanwei Zhang, Huanchun Liu, Shuguo Lü), CN=ArticleExt(id=1211375595695501987, articleId=1211375592054846033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=海南岛西部海域球形棕囊藻赤潮过程环境因子变化特征及影响因素分析, columnId=1149698756456657529, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

通过2022年3月10−15日在海南岛西部昌江昌化沿岸海域开展为期6 d的现场跟踪调查,结合水文气象资料分析了本次球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystis globosa)赤潮生消过程环境因子变化特征及影响因素。本次赤潮高峰期球形棕囊藻丰度及CODMn分别高达3.10×108 cells/L及35 mg/L,远高于其他海域报道记录。赤潮暴发前降雨及风浪扰动促进了陆源输入及沉积营养盐释放,为赤潮暴发提供物质条件。气温骤升诱导赤潮发生,更大潮差及较低风速为囊体沿岸聚集创造了有利的外部条件。赤潮消亡过程中,DIN、PO4-P、DO、CODMn及Mn浓度显著下降,其中DIN及PO4-P是本次赤潮消亡的限制因子,DO、CODMn及Mn为本次赤潮消亡的重要特征因子。黄色囊体出现破碎后,Chlorophyll a及SiO3-Si浓度也迅速下降,随后缓慢上升甚至高于高峰期浓度水平,此时以旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceros curvisetus)等代表的硅藻丰度逐渐增加。研究还初步探索了本次赤潮的基本生消过程,为进一步揭示本区域球形棕囊藻赤潮爆发机理提供重要参考依据。

, correspAuthors=吕淑果, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*吕淑果(1976-),女,内蒙古锡林郭勒盟人,研究员,博士,主要研究方向为海洋生态学。E-mail:
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符传辉(1998-),男,海南省文昌市人,主要从事海洋生态环境保护研究。E-mail:

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Journal of Ocean University of China, 2020, 19(5): 1207−1220., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1215313941132132590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211375592054846033, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=2019年海南省基础与应用基础研究计划(自然科学领域)高层次人才项目(2019RC353)。, fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1215313934693876717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211375592054846033, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215313934702265326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211375592054846033, companyId=1215313934693876717, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 海南大学 海洋学院,海南 海口 570228)]), AuthorCompany(id=1215313934790345714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211375592054846033, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215313934802928629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211375592054846033, companyId=1215313934790345714, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Ocean, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China)]), AuthorCompany(id=1215313934874231800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211375592054846033, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215313934891009019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211375592054846033, companyId=1215313934874231800, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 海南省环境科学研究院,海南 海口 571126)]), AuthorCompany(id=1215313934979089407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211375592054846033, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215313934983283713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211375592054846033, companyId=1215313934979089407, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Hainan Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Haikou 571126, China)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1215313938846236835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211375592054846033, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Station of the bloom tracking survey in the coastal waters of Changhua, Changjiang, figureFileSmall=CvYUVrz4J4gp2URhMCvsOg==, figureFileBig=Fj5E/clACeVEllqRqxJzaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215313938917540008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211375592054846033, language=CN, label=图1, caption=昌江昌化沿岸海域赤潮跟踪调查站位, figureFileSmall=CvYUVrz4J4gp2URhMCvsOg==, figureFileBig=Fj5E/clACeVEllqRqxJzaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215313939051757740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211375592054846033, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Microscopic examination and on-the-spot map of Station CJ1

a, b. Flagellar-less immobile cells in the colony 100×/400×; c. free flagellar-less immobile cells 400×; d. flagellar motile cells 400×; e. the bloom during the peak period; f. yellow colony; g. hyaline colony; h. hyaline colony fragment

, figureFileSmall=FfpCJHboDnqZ01TGuXGaxA==, figureFileBig=g8DQwxsBbtVw49zxKLOXeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215313939131449519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211375592054846033, language=CN, label=图2, caption=CJ1站位镜检及现场图

a, b. 囊体内无鞭毛不动细胞100×/400×;c. 游离的无鞭毛不动细胞400×;d. 具鞭毛游动细胞400× ;e. 高峰期赤潮水体;f. 黄色囊体;g. 透明囊体;h. 透明囊体碎片

, figureFileSmall=FfpCJHboDnqZ01TGuXGaxA==, figureFileBig=g8DQwxsBbtVw49zxKLOXeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215313939295027378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211375592054846033, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Daily variation of daily mean temperature and wind speed before and after the bloom, figureFileSmall=z7TCp6GjNm30oL6rVYRWnQ==, figureFileBig=RmxRxkGqBE9XFA1A8mLEmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215313939395690678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211375592054846033, language=CN, label=图3, caption=赤潮前后日平均气温及风速逐日变化, figureFileSmall=z7TCp6GjNm30oL6rVYRWnQ==, figureFileBig=RmxRxkGqBE9XFA1A8mLEmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215313939513131193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211375592054846033, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Daily variation of hydrochemical factors during the survey period, figureFileSmall=RxJZqbIC2wdr05mUJ7Grpw==, figureFileBig=0NkeSQn0IjCbekEm4qp2fQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215313939588628671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211375592054846033, language=CN, label=图4, caption=调查期间水化学因子逐日变化, figureFileSmall=RxJZqbIC2wdr05mUJ7Grpw==, figureFileBig=0NkeSQn0IjCbekEm4qp2fQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215313939651543231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211375592054846033, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Daily variation of eutrophication index during the survey period, figureFileSmall=hbQcAVX3qc8Tonw1Sgh+Cg==, figureFileBig=OHtkiAHo/WVUAXCFDQ1MpQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215313939743817920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211375592054846033, language=CN, label=图5, caption=调查期间富营养化指数逐日变化, figureFileSmall=hbQcAVX3qc8Tonw1Sgh+Cg==, figureFileBig=OHtkiAHo/WVUAXCFDQ1MpQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215313939815121089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211375592054846033, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Daily variation in the proportion of nutrients during the survey period, figureFileSmall=3dRtuaV0rg4y5jE5BAGQoQ==, figureFileBig=tH4r5giRkj+WxSXRP/RbJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215313939882229956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211375592054846033, language=CN, label=图6, caption=调查期间营养盐比例逐日变化, figureFileSmall=3dRtuaV0rg4y5jE5BAGQoQ==, figureFileBig=tH4r5giRkj+WxSXRP/RbJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215313939940950214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211375592054846033, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Daily variation of Chl a concentration during the survey period, figureFileSmall=2BreO0L7zlHgt3X/dftx6Q==, figureFileBig=4PNlCh/EaBpD0bxnBDsrPQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215313940033224903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211375592054846033, language=CN, label=图7, caption=调查期间叶绿素a浓度逐日变化, figureFileSmall=2BreO0L7zlHgt3X/dftx6Q==, figureFileBig=4PNlCh/EaBpD0bxnBDsrPQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215313940117110986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211375592054846033, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Correlation coefficient between Phaeocystis globosa and environmental factors during the survey period

** represents extremely significant correlation at p<0.01, * represents significant correlation at 0.01<p<0.05, other no significant

, figureFileSmall=M7BCExX3GaRsvEaKZnUT4A==, figureFileBig=w7i+RwG/BH8Jw+w9JHtzxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215313940251328718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211375592054846033, language=CN, label=图8, caption=调查期间球形棕囊藻与环境因子的相关系数

**表示p<0.01,极显著性相关;*表示0.01<p<0.05,显著性相关;否则差异不显著

, figureFileSmall=M7BCExX3GaRsvEaKZnUT4A==, figureFileBig=w7i+RwG/BH8Jw+w9JHtzxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215313940351992018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211375592054846033, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Daily variation of daily mean temperature and rainfall before two Phaeocystis globosa bloom in the northwestern area of Hainan Island, figureFileSmall=19f339kJvd4HHCCqV+ZiEg==, figureFileBig=WnlarFA/EZhy4vNLpjRRCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215313940431683796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211375592054846033, language=CN, label=图9, caption=海南岛西北部海域两次球形棕囊藻赤潮前日平均气温及降雨逐日变化, figureFileSmall=19f339kJvd4HHCCqV+ZiEg==, figureFileBig=WnlarFA/EZhy4vNLpjRRCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215313940511375576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211375592054846033, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=Comparative of phytoplankton and Chl a concentration in Station CJ1 during the survey period, figureFileSmall=7NwLzRnloQqIiaG1t0LuBg==, figureFileBig=LKNvqoH1Ba7ogqbdLMMBqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215313940591067358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211375592054846033, language=CN, label=图10, caption=调查期间CJ1站位浮游植物与叶绿素a浓度对比, figureFileSmall=7NwLzRnloQqIiaG1t0LuBg==, figureFileBig=LKNvqoH1Ba7ogqbdLMMBqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215313940670759134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211375592054846033, language=EN, label=Fig. 11, caption=Flow map of generation and elimination of Phaeocystis globosa bloom in the coastal waters of Changhua, Changjiang

The flow in the dotted frame shows the conjecture based on the background data before the bloom, and the rest of the process is the results of the on-site follow-up investigation

, figureFileSmall=4nFlm7jppqyqlB0mqeHqfA==, figureFileBig=7hN249SP72NzwaY/c+O+9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215313940742062305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211375592054846033, language=CN, label=图11, caption=昌江昌化沿岸海域球形棕囊藻赤潮生消流程图

虚线框内的流程表示赤潮爆发前根据背景数据资料进行的推测,其余流程为现场跟踪调查的测定结果

, figureFileSmall=4nFlm7jppqyqlB0mqeHqfA==, figureFileBig=7hN249SP72NzwaY/c+O+9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215313940834336997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211375592054846033, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Daily variation of species composition and abundance (unit: cells/L) of phytoplankton in the Station CJ1 during the survey period

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
门类种类拉丁名3月10日3月11日3月12日3月13日3月14日3月15日
注:加粗字体表示球形棕囊藻名称及丰度,下划线加粗字体表示调查期间其他浮游植物第一优势种名称及丰度,−表示未鉴定出该物种。
硅藻门双眉藻Amphora sp.2.67×103
奇异棍形藻Bacillaria paradoxa3.33×104
中国盒形藻Biddulphia sinensis1.33×1031.33×1031.33×103
大洋角管藻Cerataulina pelagica1.33×103
窄隙角毛藻Chaetoceros affinis1.33×1036.40×104
绕孢角毛藻Chaetoceros cinctus2.67×1042.80×1041.20×105
扁面角毛藻Chaetoceros compressus1.87×104
旋链角毛藻Chaetoceros curvisetus1.20×1041.60×1041.27×105
柔弱角毛藻Chaetoceros debilis6.67×1031.47×1044.67×104
幷基角毛藻Chaetoceros decipiens2.67×104
粗股角毛藻Chaetoceros femur4.00×103
洛氏角毛藻Chaetoceros lorenzianus4.00×1036.67×1034.80×104
拟弯角毛藻Chaetoceros pseudocurvisetus1.33×1033.20×1044.13×104
暹罗角毛藻Chaetoceros siamense4.00×1033.33×1043.33×104
聚生角毛藻Chaetoceros socialis9.33×103
角毛藻Chaetoceros spp.1.60×1045.87×1046.67×1038.00×104
圆柱角毛藻Chaetoceros teres1.73×1044.00×1032.93×104
扭链角毛藻Chaetoceros tortissimus1.47×1044.93×104
圆筛藻Coscinodiscus spp.1.07×1044.00×1036.67×1039.33×1031.33×103
椭圆双壁藻Diploneis elliptica5.33×1031.33×1038.00×1034.00×103
太阳双尾藻Ditylum sol1.33×103
长角弯角藻Eucampia cornuta1.33×103
丹麦细柱藻Leptocylindrus danicus5.33×1031.33×1032.67×1031.87×1041.47×1048.00×103
颗粒直链藻Melosira granulata2.93×1041.33×1041.07×1052.67×104
念珠直链藻Melosira moniliformis5.33×103
舟形藻Navicula spp.1.60×1041.33×1031.87×1041.20×1042.40×1041.33×104
新月菱形藻Nitzschia closterium3.60×1041.33×1031.20×1045.33×1038.13×1041.07×104
菱形藻Nitzschia spp.2.13×1041.33×1031.20×1048.00×1032.27×1049.33×103
美丽斜纹藻Pleurosigmaformosum1.33×1031.33×1031.33×103
柔弱拟菱形藻Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima4.00×1036.67×1036.67×1039.33×1032.40×1044.00×103
尖刺拟菱形藻Pseudo-nitzschia pungens8.00×1031.07×1042.00×1045.33×103
翼根管藻Rhizosolenia alata1.33×103
螺端根管藻Rhizosolenia cochlea1.33×103
厚刺根管藻Rhizosolenia crassispina1.33×103
斯托根管藻Rhizosolenia fragilissima1.33×1035.33×1035.33×103
覆瓦根管藻Rhizosolenia imbricata1.33×103
刚毛根管藻Rhizosolenia setigera1.33×1031.33×1032.67×1036.67×103
中华根管藻Rhizosolenia sinensis2.67×1032.67×1032.67×1031.33×103
笔尖根管藻Rhizosolenia styliformis1.33×1031.33×103
中肋骨条藻Skeletonema costatum2.53×1048.00×1031.33×1041.12×105
塔形冠盖藻Stephanopyxis turris8.00×103
芽形双菱藻Surirella gemma1.33×103
伽氏针杆藻Synedra fulgens2.67×103
针杆藻Synedra spp.6.67×1031.20×1049.33×1031.33×1044.00×103
肘状针杆藻Synedra ulna1.33×1031.33×103
菱形海线藻Thalassionema nitzschioides6.67×1035.33×1039.33×1031.47×104
密联海链藻Thalassiosira condensata4.00×1032.00×104
佛氏海毛藻Thalassiothrix frauenfeldii4.00×103
大龙骨藻Tropidoneis maxima1.33×1031.33×103
蓝藻门红海束毛藻Trichodesmillm erythraeum2.53×1048.67×104
黄藻门海洋卡盾藻Chattonella marina1.07×1044.00×1034.00×1038.00×1035.33×103
金藻门球形棕囊藻Phaeocystis globosa3.10×1081.17×1083.97×1064.23×1065.54×1068.52×105
), ArticleFig(id=1215313940947583208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211375592054846033, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

调查期间CJ1站位浮游植物种类组成及丰度(单位:cells/L)逐日变化情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
门类种类拉丁名3月10日3月11日3月12日3月13日3月14日3月15日
注:加粗字体表示球形棕囊藻名称及丰度,下划线加粗字体表示调查期间其他浮游植物第一优势种名称及丰度,−表示未鉴定出该物种。
硅藻门双眉藻Amphora sp.2.67×103
奇异棍形藻Bacillaria paradoxa3.33×104
中国盒形藻Biddulphia sinensis1.33×1031.33×1031.33×103
大洋角管藻Cerataulina pelagica1.33×103
窄隙角毛藻Chaetoceros affinis1.33×1036.40×104
绕孢角毛藻Chaetoceros cinctus2.67×1042.80×1041.20×105
扁面角毛藻Chaetoceros compressus1.87×104
旋链角毛藻Chaetoceros curvisetus1.20×1041.60×1041.27×105
柔弱角毛藻Chaetoceros debilis6.67×1031.47×1044.67×104
幷基角毛藻Chaetoceros decipiens2.67×104
粗股角毛藻Chaetoceros femur4.00×103
洛氏角毛藻Chaetoceros lorenzianus4.00×1036.67×1034.80×104
拟弯角毛藻Chaetoceros pseudocurvisetus1.33×1033.20×1044.13×104
暹罗角毛藻Chaetoceros siamense4.00×1033.33×1043.33×104
聚生角毛藻Chaetoceros socialis9.33×103
角毛藻Chaetoceros spp.1.60×1045.87×1046.67×1038.00×104
圆柱角毛藻Chaetoceros teres1.73×1044.00×1032.93×104
扭链角毛藻Chaetoceros tortissimus1.47×1044.93×104
圆筛藻Coscinodiscus spp.1.07×1044.00×1036.67×1039.33×1031.33×103
椭圆双壁藻Diploneis elliptica5.33×1031.33×1038.00×1034.00×103
太阳双尾藻Ditylum sol1.33×103
长角弯角藻Eucampia cornuta1.33×103
丹麦细柱藻Leptocylindrus danicus5.33×1031.33×1032.67×1031.87×1041.47×1048.00×103
颗粒直链藻Melosira granulata2.93×1041.33×1041.07×1052.67×104
念珠直链藻Melosira moniliformis5.33×103
舟形藻Navicula spp.1.60×1041.33×1031.87×1041.20×1042.40×1041.33×104
新月菱形藻Nitzschia closterium3.60×1041.33×1031.20×1045.33×1038.13×1041.07×104
菱形藻Nitzschia spp.2.13×1041.33×1031.20×1048.00×1032.27×1049.33×103
美丽斜纹藻Pleurosigmaformosum1.33×1031.33×1031.33×103
柔弱拟菱形藻Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima4.00×1036.67×1036.67×1039.33×1032.40×1044.00×103
尖刺拟菱形藻Pseudo-nitzschia pungens8.00×1031.07×1042.00×1045.33×103
翼根管藻Rhizosolenia alata1.33×103
螺端根管藻Rhizosolenia cochlea1.33×103
厚刺根管藻Rhizosolenia crassispina1.33×103
斯托根管藻Rhizosolenia fragilissima1.33×1035.33×1035.33×103
覆瓦根管藻Rhizosolenia imbricata1.33×103
刚毛根管藻Rhizosolenia setigera1.33×1031.33×1032.67×1036.67×103
中华根管藻Rhizosolenia sinensis2.67×1032.67×1032.67×1031.33×103
笔尖根管藻Rhizosolenia styliformis1.33×1031.33×103
中肋骨条藻Skeletonema costatum2.53×1048.00×1031.33×1041.12×105
塔形冠盖藻Stephanopyxis turris8.00×103
芽形双菱藻Surirella gemma1.33×103
伽氏针杆藻Synedra fulgens2.67×103
针杆藻Synedra spp.6.67×1031.20×1049.33×1031.33×1044.00×103
肘状针杆藻Synedra ulna1.33×1031.33×103
菱形海线藻Thalassionema nitzschioides6.67×1035.33×1039.33×1031.47×104
密联海链藻Thalassiosira condensata4.00×1032.00×104
佛氏海毛藻Thalassiothrix frauenfeldii4.00×103
大龙骨藻Tropidoneis maxima1.33×1031.33×103
蓝藻门红海束毛藻Trichodesmillm erythraeum2.53×1048.67×104
黄藻门海洋卡盾藻Chattonella marina1.07×1044.00×1034.00×1038.00×1035.33×103
金藻门球形棕囊藻Phaeocystis globosa3.10×1081.17×1083.97×1064.23×1065.54×1068.52×105
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海南岛西部海域球形棕囊藻赤潮过程环境因子变化特征及影响因素分析
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符传辉 1, 2 , 陈峻峰 2 , 刘志媛 1 , 张燕伟 2 , 刘焕淳 2 , 吕淑果 2, *
海洋学报 | 论文 2023,45(5): 27-38
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海洋学报 | 论文 2023, 45(5): 27-38
海南岛西部海域球形棕囊藻赤潮过程环境因子变化特征及影响因素分析
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符传辉1, 2 , 陈峻峰2, 刘志媛1, 张燕伟2, 刘焕淳2, 吕淑果2, *
作者信息
  • 1 海南大学 海洋学院,海南 海口 570228
  • 2 海南省环境科学研究院,海南 海口 571126
  • 符传辉(1998-),男,海南省文昌市人,主要从事海洋生态环境保护研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*吕淑果(1976-),女,内蒙古锡林郭勒盟人,研究员,博士,主要研究方向为海洋生态学。E-mail:
Analysis on the variation characteristics of environmental factors and influencing factors in the process of Phaeocystis globosa bloom in the western waters of Hainan Island
Chuanhui Fu1, 2 , Junfeng Chen2, Zhiyuan Liu1, Yanwei Zhang2, Huanchun Liu2, Shuguo Lü2, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Ocean, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
  • 2Hainan Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Haikou 571126, China
出版时间: 2023-05-01 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023062
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通过2022年3月10−15日在海南岛西部昌江昌化沿岸海域开展为期6 d的现场跟踪调查,结合水文气象资料分析了本次球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystis globosa)赤潮生消过程环境因子变化特征及影响因素。本次赤潮高峰期球形棕囊藻丰度及CODMn分别高达3.10×108 cells/L及35 mg/L,远高于其他海域报道记录。赤潮暴发前降雨及风浪扰动促进了陆源输入及沉积营养盐释放,为赤潮暴发提供物质条件。气温骤升诱导赤潮发生,更大潮差及较低风速为囊体沿岸聚集创造了有利的外部条件。赤潮消亡过程中,DIN、PO4-P、DO、CODMn及Mn浓度显著下降,其中DIN及PO4-P是本次赤潮消亡的限制因子,DO、CODMn及Mn为本次赤潮消亡的重要特征因子。黄色囊体出现破碎后,Chlorophyll a及SiO3-Si浓度也迅速下降,随后缓慢上升甚至高于高峰期浓度水平,此时以旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceros curvisetus)等代表的硅藻丰度逐渐增加。研究还初步探索了本次赤潮的基本生消过程,为进一步揭示本区域球形棕囊藻赤潮爆发机理提供重要参考依据。

球形棕囊藻  /  囊体  /  环境因子  /  变化特征  /  影响因素

Combined with hydrometeorological data, a six-day tracking survey was carried out in the coastal waters of Changhua Town, Changjiang County, western Hainan Island on March 10 to 15, 2022. And this study analyzed the variation characteristics of environmental factors and influencing factors in the process of Phaeocystis globose bloom. During the peak of the bloom, the abundance of Phaeocystis globosa and CODMn were as high as 3.10×108 cells/L and 35 mg/L, which were much higher than those reported in other areas. The rainfall and wind wave disturbance before the bloom promoted the terrestrial runoff and the release of sedimentary nutrients, which provided material conditions for the bloom. The sudden rise of temperature induces the bloom, and the larger tidal range and lower wind speed create favorable external conditions for the accumulation along the colony. During the elimination of the bloom, the concentrations of DIN, PO4-P, DO, CODMn and Mn decreased significantly, in which DIN and PO4-P were the limiting factors, and DO, CODMn and Mn were important characteristic factors. After the yellow colony broken, the concentrations of Chl a and SiO3-Si also decreased rapidly, and then slowly increased or even higher than the peak concentration level, when the diatom abundance represented by Chaetoceros curvisetus gradually increased. The study also preliminarily explores the basic generation and elimination process of the bloom, which provides an important reference for the further study of the bloom mechanism of P. globosa in this area.

Phaeocystis globose  /  colony  /  environmental factors  /  variation characteristics  /  influence factors
符传辉, 陈峻峰, 刘志媛, 张燕伟, 刘焕淳, 吕淑果. 海南岛西部海域球形棕囊藻赤潮过程环境因子变化特征及影响因素分析. 海洋学报, 2023 , 45 (5) : 27 -38 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2023062
Chuanhui Fu, Junfeng Chen, Zhiyuan Liu, Yanwei Zhang, Huanchun Liu, Shuguo Lü. Analysis on the variation characteristics of environmental factors and influencing factors in the process of Phaeocystis globosa bloom in the western waters of Hainan Island[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2023 , 45 (5) : 27 -38 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2023062
球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystis globosa)隶属定鞭藻纲棕囊藻属,为全球广泛分布的有害赤潮藻种,也是在我国海域唯一引起棕囊藻赤潮的常见藻种[1-2]。球形棕囊藻具单细胞和囊体形态交替的异型生活史。囊体形态可有效抵御病毒、细菌入侵及浮游动物摄食[3],为囊体内细胞生长提供保护,是球形棕囊藻赤潮的主要存在形态。
1997年,球形棕囊藻赤潮在广东至福建沿海首次报道[4],其后在广西、海南、河北及天津等海域陆续发生[5]。2000年2月至今海南共记录到13次球形棕囊藻赤潮,主要分布于海口至昌江西北部近岸海域[6-7],2014,年洋浦至昌江沿岸一带赤潮曾造成附近海域鱼类大量死亡(内部资料,未公开)。目前,球形棕囊藻赤潮现场研究主要集中在黄、渤、东海及南海广东、广西海域,关于海南岛近岸海域球形棕囊藻赤潮的现场跟踪研究尚未见公开报道。
2022年3月9日,渔民反映在海南岛西部昌江昌化沿岸海域发现赤潮。后据昌江海尾养殖场、儋州市生态环境局工作人员提供信息,3月3日开始在昌江海尾至儋州海头沿岸海域出现赤潮,养殖场还因此关闭了进水系统。本研究根据现场跟踪监测数据和水文气象资料,对昌江昌化沿岸海域浮游植物及环境因子变化特征进行分析,探究赤潮生消的关键影响因素,为赤潮防控提供科学依据,同时填补该海域球形棕囊藻赤潮的现场研究空白。
研究海域位于海南岛西部,毗邻昌化江入海口,附近主要分布有昌化镇、昌化渔港及海水集中养殖连片区。根据赤潮发生范围,在距离岸线600 m内设1个监测断面,共3个调查站位,水深范围为0.3~10.0 m(图1)。调查时间为2022年3月10−15日,其中CJ1为赤潮站位分布大量囊体,跟踪调查至囊体完全消失,共6 d;CJ2和CJ3均为对照站位,表层无囊体分布,开展为期4 d的跟踪调查用于对比分析。
涨潮时采集表层海水进行环境因子分析。水温(T)、盐度(S)、酸碱度(pH)和溶解氧(DO)浓度通过校正后的水质多参数仪HQ-40D现场测定,化学需氧量(CODMn)、活性磷酸盐(PO4-P)浓度、硝酸盐(NO3-N)浓度、亚硝酸盐(NO2-N)浓度、氨氮(NH4-N)浓度、活性硅酸盐(SiO3-Si)浓度、微量元素(铁(Fe)浓度、锰(Mn)浓度、叶绿素a(Chl a)浓度分别按照《海洋监测规范》(GB 17378.4−2007/GB 17378.7−2007)[7-8]中的碱性高锰酸钾法、磷钼蓝分光光度法、锌镉还原法、萘乙二胺分光光度法、次溴酸盐氧化法、硅钼蓝法、石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法及分光光度法进行。以采水法采集CJ1站位表层1 L浮游植物样品,现场加5%甲醛溶液固定保存,带回实验室静置24 h后,使用包裹筛绢(孔径为0.077 mm)的虹吸管轻轻吸去上清液,水样反复浓缩至40~400 mL。经摇晃均匀后,取0.1 mL样品注入浮游植物计数框内观察、鉴定和计数。
本研究日平均气温及降雨为站点数据(区站号59838),日平均风向风速使用ERA5再分析资料,研究海域潮汐情况通过查询潮汐表获取。使用SPSS26.0和Excel2019软件统计各环境因子测定数据,使用ArcMap10.4.1绘制赤潮调查站位图,使用origin2022软件绘制各环境因子逐日变化及相关性图件。采用富营养化指数(E)公式评价海水富营养化状况[9]
$ E = (化学需氧量 \times 无机氮 \times 活性磷酸盐)/4\;500 \times 10^6\text{,} $
式中,化学需氧量、无机氮、活性磷酸盐为其对应的浓度,单位为mg/L。评价标准E<1为贫营养,1≤E<2.0为轻度富营养,2.0≤E<5.0为中度富营养,5.0≤E<15.0为重富营养,E≥15为严重富营养。
通过生物显微镜鉴定发现,本次赤潮原因种为球形棕囊藻,CJ1站位观察到囊体、(囊体内及游离的)无鞭毛不动细胞及具鞭毛游动细胞3种形态[10-12]。3月10−11日球形棕囊藻主要以囊体形态分布,大量无鞭毛不动细胞被包裹在囊体或附着于囊体碎片上(图2a图2b);3月12−14日主要以游离的无鞭毛不动细胞分布为主(图2c),开始出现少量具鞭毛游动细胞(图2d);3月15日主要以具鞭毛游动细胞分布为主,无鞭毛不动细胞零星存在,未发现囊体及碎片分布。
3月9日,当地渔民反映昌化渔港内及沿岸海域有囊状球体漂浮于水面,水体呈淡黄色;3月10日,研究团队展开现场调查,发现CJ1站位及沿岸海域出现大量黄色囊体聚集并伴随少量泡沫出现(图2e),囊体直径8~12 mm不等(图2f),水体呈棕黄色且伴有恶臭味;3月11日,CJ1站位分布大量黄色囊体碎片及少量完整黄色囊体;3月12日,CJ1站位分布透明囊体(图2g),3月13日透明囊体又出现破碎现象,囊体碎片于14日大量聚集(图2h),3月15日肉眼观察下水体恢复正常。
对CJ1站位浮游植物鉴定,共发现4门52种。其中,硅藻门49种,蓝藻门、黄藻门及金藻门均为1种。3月10日,球形棕囊藻丰度最高值为3.10×108 cells/L,3月12日,下降至3.97×106 cells/L,3月13−14日又缓慢回升,14日回升至5.54×106 cells/L,最终于3月15日降至8.52×105 cells/L,调查期间球形棕囊藻占绝对优势(表1)。其他浮游植物丰度也呈现“先降后升”的变化趋势,于3月15日升至9.18×105 cells/L,期间主要伴随种为新月菱形藻(Nitzschia closterium)、尖刺拟菱形藻(Pseudo-nitzschia pungens)、绕孢角毛藻(Chaetoceros cinctus)、角毛藻属(Chaetoceros spp.)、颗粒直链藻(Melosira granulata)及旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceros curvisetus)等长或刺型硅藻(表1图10)。
赤潮暴发前,研究海域附近于3月7日出现一次2.794 mm降雨,日平均气温由25.28℃骤降至21.50℃;3月10日日平均气温升至23.89℃,调查期间气温维持在23.80~25.33℃,赤潮逐渐消亡(图3)。CJ1站位水温变化范围为23.00~28.30℃,表层水温受气温及光照影响较大,整体变化趋势与气温基本一致。研究海域3月7−11日、3月14日以东北风为主,3月12−13日、3月15日转向西北风为主,其中3月7日平均风速高达8.63 m/s,随后风速仅在0.91~2.81 m/s间波动(图3)。另外,3月8−10日潮汐逐渐由半日潮向全日潮转变,潮差由0.95 m上升至1.62 m。CJ1站位涨潮期间囊体聚集程度明显高于退潮期间,对照站位囊体仅分布于海水底层。
跟踪调查期间,CJ1站位S变化范围为28.50~33.20,整体呈下降趋势,尤其在3月14−15日囊体完全消失前变化幅度最为明显(图4a);pH变化范围为7.95~8.28,随时间呈先降后升的变化趋势,3月13日拐点最低值为7.95(图4b);3月10日,DO浓度和CODMn分别高达12.33 mg/L和35 mg/L,明显高于CJ2、CJ3对照站位,二者均在3月11日囊体出现破碎后迅速下降,随后DO浓度在7.95~8.65mg/L间波动,CODMn在3月11日和14日仍较高(图4c图4d)。
跟踪调查期间,CJ1站位DIN、PO4-P和SiO3-Si浓度变化范围分别为0.052~0.338 mg/L、0.005~0.086 mg/L和0.287~0.923 mg/L。其中,DIN及PO4-P浓度于3月10日为最高值,远高于CJ2、CJ3对照站位,随后迅速下降并在3月14−15日回升(图4e图4f);SiO3-Si浓度整体高于对照站位,并于3月13日浓度开始上升,最高值出现于3月15日(图4g)。
图5可看出,3月10−11日,CJ1站位处于富营养状态(E>1),E由226.08(严重富营养)迅速下降至3.64(中度富营养),随后与对照站位一致均处于贫营养。根据前人基于浮游植物Redfield比值进一步提出的营养盐限制因素标准[13-16]:(1)N/P<10且Si/N>1,表明DIN为限制因子;(2)N/P>22且Si/P>22,表明PO4-P为限制因子;(3)Si/N<1且Si/P<10,表明SiO3-Si为限制因子。结合图6可知,CJ1站位3月10日黄色囊体分布时处于Si相对限制状态,3月12日透明囊体分布时处于P相对限制状态,其余时间未出现相对限制情况。
CJ1站位Fe浓度变化范围为5.99~16.30 μg/L,浓度整体稍高于对照站位,与CJ2站位浓度变化趋势一致(图4h);Mn浓度变化范围为0.26~5.04 μg/L,3月10日分别为CJ2、CJ3对照站位的11.72倍和56倍,随后浓度迅速下降(图4i)。
图7可知,CJ1站位Chl a浓度呈先降后升趋势,其中3月10日浓度为4.08 μg/L,3月11日浓度迅速下降至0.35 μg/L,随后浓度持续上升并于3月15日高达9.06 μg/L,囊体消失后Chl a浓度高于赤潮高峰期浓度。同时,对照站位Chl a浓度整体呈上升趋势。
通过Pearson相关系数及双尾显著性检验得知,CJ1站位球形棕囊藻丰度与DO浓度、CODMn、DIN浓度、PO4-P浓度及E均呈极显著正相关,与Mn浓度呈显著正相关(图8)。
球形棕囊藻为广温型,不同地理株系的最适温度有所不同。据记载,南海爆发球形棕囊藻赤潮的水温通常为15~27℃[17],本次赤潮高峰期水温为24.60℃,之后赤潮开始消退。这与李杰等[18]室内试验相吻合,该温度条件下球形棕囊藻会暴发性增长并伴随迅速消退的现象。本次赤潮发生伴随气温骤升,黄长江等[19]和王超等[20]认为气温骤升是球形棕囊藻赤潮暴发的主要原因。据历史资料记载,2014年和2015年海南岛西北部海域两次球形棕囊藻赤潮前也观察到气温持续上升的现象,且气温上升前总伴随着少量降雨低温天气的出现(图9a图9b)。
3月中上旬处于季风更替阶段,赤潮期间东北风与西北风的反复作用可能对加快本次赤潮消亡起到促进作用。由于赤潮站位水深浅、离岸近,3月7日降雨事件导致陆源营养盐输入,风浪扰动促使沉积营养盐释放,加重了海水富营养化水平或造成了营养盐组成比例的改变,促使球形棕囊藻的大量繁殖。CJ2和CJ3对照站位表层水体均未发现囊体,主要原因是囊体具极高的下沉率(平均高达189 m/d[21]),加上赤潮期间风速小水动力弱,囊体的再悬浮能力大大降低。3月10日,半日潮转为全日潮,更大潮差驱动囊体在沿岸聚集达到高峰,水动力较弱情况下潮汐可能是驱动赤潮沿岸分布的主要外部因素。
海南岛第二大河—昌化江年径流量约37.43×108 m3,汇入研究海域对监测断面的盐度影响较大,调查期间盐度随时间下降幅度明显。庄万金[22]曾指出,在赤潮期间海水pH主要受浮游植物控制。石鑫等[23]也指出,海水pH与浮游植物生物量及叶绿素a浓度呈正相关性。本研究各站位pH随时间推移呈先降后升的相似变化,拐点值从CJ3到CJ1站位相继出现(图4b),可能与赤潮消亡期间浮游植物组成及演替有关,具体原因有待进一步探讨。3月10日,CJ1站位DO浓度、CODMn、DIN浓度、PO4-P浓度、SiO3-Si浓度及Mn浓度明显高于对照站位(图4c图4g图4i),表明以上因子在赤潮过程发挥关键的调控或指示作用。球形棕囊藻丰度与DO浓度、CODMn呈极显著正相关,由于藻体光合作用产氧,高峰期大量囊体聚集使光合作用增强,DO浓度升高,之后随着囊体分解耗氧、浮游植物丰度下降后迅速恢复至正常范围。在广西廉州湾、铁山港湾及深圳大鹏湾球形棕囊藻赤潮期间,溶解氧浓度也处于较高水平(DO浓度大于10 mg/L),并随赤潮消亡迅速下降[24-25]。CODMn是衡量水体有机物、硫化物等还原性物质含量的综合性指标[26]。DMS为挥发性含硫化合物,是某些藻类DMSP经细菌分解后的产物,而球形棕囊藻是DMS/DMSP的高产种,赤潮期间海水中的DMS浓度平均是邻近海域的近10倍[5, 27],尤其在细胞生长稳定后会导致水体溶解态DMS/DMSP的骤然升高[28]。3月10日,CODMn高达35 mg/L,明显高于李波等[25]报道浓度,极可能是高峰期藻体产生大量的DMS及DMSP导致。
海水富营养化是赤潮暴发的基础,除昌化江外,附近水产养殖尾水、城镇生活污水排放及渔港生产活动均是营养盐及有机物输入的重要途径(图1)。球形棕囊藻丰度与E呈极显著正相关,随水体由富营养向贫营养转变球形棕囊藻丰度迅速下降,同时球形棕囊藻丰度与DIN浓度、PO4-P浓度也呈极显著正相关,在赤潮消亡过程中两者浓度下降明显且变化趋势基本一致,表明DIN和PO4-P均为本次赤潮消亡的限制因子。这与其他海域研究结果相吻合[24-25, 29],其中PO4-P可能为最主要的限制因子[30]。值得注意的是,DIN浓度和PO4-P浓度在3月14日后出现回升,而此时SiO3-Si浓度也迅速上升。有研究表明,当SiO3-Si浓度充足时硅藻可能会代替棕囊藻成为优势藻种[31],且硅藻赤潮往往暴发于球形棕囊藻赤潮前后[32]。从营养盐相对限制也可看出,3月10日,CJ1站位出现SiO3-Si相对限制(图6),硅藻受营养限制有利于球形棕囊藻暴发性繁殖,Wang等[33]在北部湾调查也发现大量囊体分布伴随着硅酸盐相对限制的情况。3月12日,又出现PO4-P相对限制,且此时的PO4-P浓度已开始低于细胞成囊条件[34],仅形成了透明的“幽灵囊体”。
Fe、Mn均为浮游植物生长繁殖所必须的微量元素,同时也大量富集于棕囊藻囊体的黏液中[35]。对比发现,Fe、Mn浓度较1997−1998年广东省饶平柘林湾海域球形棕囊藻赤潮期间浓度明显偏低[31]。球形棕囊藻丰度与Mn呈显著正相关,高峰期Mn浓度明显高于对照站位及邻近海域非赤潮时浓度水平(2021年春初调查数据,未公开),表明Mn与DO浓度、CODMn指标均可作为表征本次赤潮走向消亡的重要特征因子。
Chl a浓度通常作为表征浮游植物现存量的有效指标,早期也有学者将Chl a浓度作为球形棕囊藻丰度的间接指标[31]。2021年冬末春初在洋浦湾开展的现场研究(待发表)及部分学者在北部湾海域的研究中均指出球形棕囊藻丰度与Chl a浓度呈显著正相关[36-37]。但对CJ1站位的跟踪研究发现,Chl a浓度与球形棕囊藻丰度相关性并不显著(图8)。由图10也可看出,由于球形棕囊藻占绝对优势,决定着浮游植物整体变化趋势,Chl a浓度则与其他浮游植物丰度变化基本一致。相对来说,Chl a浓度更适合预测硅藻等浮游植物[38]。随着球形棕囊藻丰度下降、其他浮游植物(尤其是硅藻)丰度增加,Chl a指标由表征球形棕囊藻逐渐转向硅藻,进而导致本次赤潮消亡过程球形棕囊藻与Chl a呈现出不相关的结果。
高峰期球形棕囊藻丰度高达3.10×108 cells/L,明显高于前人在其他海域报道的丰度水平[20, 24-25, 36],但此前在海南岛澄迈盈滨半岛西侧海域、儋州市白马井至排浦镇近岸海域也曾分别观察到2.29×108 cells/L(内部资料,未公开)和2.36×108 cells/L[6]高丰度的情况。由现场观察发现,赤潮期间出现黄色及透明囊体两种形态,黄色囊体主要是囊体内无鞭毛不动细胞高度聚集的结果,镜检下观察到无鞭毛不动细胞均匀分布于囊体内,大多正以二分裂方式增殖,表明黄色囊体破裂还可能与细胞分裂活动有关。透明囊体为黄色囊体碎片富集再生的产物,最明显的区别是囊体内无鞭毛不动细胞丰度的减少和包膜稳定性的下降。跟踪调查期间其他浮游植物优势种均为长或刺型硅藻,与不同海域研究报道情况基本一致[20, 36, 39-40]。本次调查期间优势种类存在更替现象,3月15日,角毛藻属(旋链角毛藻丰度最高)丰度整体明显增长,且在镜检过程发现部分单细胞球形棕囊藻附着在角毛藻藻体及角毛上。球形棕囊藻丰度的迅速下降,伴随着以旋链角毛藻等代表的硅藻快速增殖,阐释了赤潮消亡过后优势藻种逐渐更替的变化趋势。
本文针对此次球形棕囊藻赤潮开展现场跟踪调查,结合水文气象资料对赤潮过程中环境因子变化特征及影响因素进行分析,初步探索了本次赤潮的基本生消过程(图11),并得出以下4点主要结论。
(1)跟踪调查期间,球形棕囊藻随时间呈“黄色囊体−黄色囊体破碎−透明囊体−透明囊体破碎−囊体碎片聚集−囊体消失”的变化特征,镜检下观察到细胞由“囊体内无鞭毛不动细胞为主−游离的无鞭毛不动细胞为主−具鞭毛游动细胞为主”的交替形式。
(2)研究海域长期受昌化江、养殖尾水、城镇生活污水及渔港生产生活等沿岸陆源输入影响,丰富的营养盐为赤潮暴发奠定物质基础。气温骤升诱导赤潮发生,更大潮差驱动囊体往沿岸聚集达到峰值。
(3)DO、CODMn及Mn在高峰期浓度较高,赤潮消亡过程浓度迅速下降,均可作为表征赤潮消亡的重要特征因子。DIN和PO4-P被大量消耗后无法满足球形棕囊藻再次暴发性增殖,均为本次赤潮的限制因子。
(4)赤潮消亡过程Chl a浓度先降后升,与其他浮游植物丰度变化趋势基本一致。3月14日营养盐尤其是SiO3-Si浓度上升,促使以旋链角毛藻等代表的硅藻大量繁殖,呈现出球形棕囊藻赤潮消亡过程优势种逐渐被演替的趋势。
致谢:感谢海南省生态环境监测中心雷宇工程师及暨南大学生命科学技术学院岑竞仪实验师在浮游植物鉴定工作中给予的指导与帮助,感谢审稿专家在评审过程中给予诸多宝贵的意见和建议。
  • 2019年海南省基础与应用基础研究计划(自然科学领域)高层次人才项目(2019RC353)。
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2023年第45卷第5期
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doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023062
  • 接收时间:2022-10-09
  • 首发时间:2025-12-26
  • 出版时间:2023-05-01
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  • 收稿日期:2022-10-09
  • 修回日期:2022-12-02
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2019年海南省基础与应用基础研究计划(自然科学领域)高层次人才项目(2019RC353)。
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    1 海南大学 海洋学院,海南 海口 570228
    2 海南省环境科学研究院,海南 海口 571126

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*吕淑果(1976-),女,内蒙古锡林郭勒盟人,研究员,博士,主要研究方向为海洋生态学。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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