Article(id=1211299030278213685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1211299024825611053, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12284/hyxb2023044, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1660665600000, receivedDateStr=2022-08-17, revisedDate=1665417600000, revisedDateStr=2022-10-11, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766725793665, onlineDateStr=2025-12-26, pubDate=1677600000000, pubDateStr=2023-03-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766725793665, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766725793665, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766725793665, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1211299024825611053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2023', volume='45', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='158', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766725792365, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766924576395, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1212132785515532522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1211299024825611053, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1212132785515532523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1211299024825611053, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=40, endPage=51, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1211299031913992272, articleId=1211299030278213685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Influence of natural mortality and stock-recruitment relationship on yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) stock assessment, columnId=1194652705852465724, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) is one of the most important fishes with great global economic and ecological value, and its conservation and management have received much concerns. The stock status of yellowfin tuna in the Indian Ocean based on the age-structured assessment program model is evaluated in this study, focusing on the uncertainties of its life history characteristics on the stock assessment results. The results show that the resources of yellowfin tuna in the Indian Ocean remained relatively stable from 1960 to 1985 and then declined gradually, while the fishing mortality coefficient F increased rapidly after 2010. This stock in 2020 may be overfished, since the estimated F2020 was greater than FMSY (F that could attain maximum sustainable yield MSY), while spawning stock biomass, SSB2020 was less than SSBMSY. Sensitivity analysis was also conducted to evaluate the uncertainties of stock assessment. Two important life history characteristics, natural mortality M and steepness of spawning-stock relationship h, were analyzed for their influence on the estimates of F, SSB and biological reference points. When h was set to 0.7, 0.8, and 0.9, SSBMSY and SSB0 (the unfished SSB) reduced by about 255 300 t and 340 400 t; and F2020/FMSY gradually decreased (from 2.88 to 2.21 and 1.73). When the M was set to M1 (0.963, 0.663, 0.548, 0.493, 0.463, 0.446) and M2 (1.068, 0.735, 0.608, 0.547, 0.514, 0.495) respectively, the larger M2 leads to lower SSB and F2020/FMSY. In summary, the conservation and management of Indian Ocean yellowfin tuna should be tightened in the future to achieve long-term sustainable development of this fishery. The life history characteristics of yellowfin tuna should be fully understood, especially M and h estimation should be improved, to provide more accurate information for stock assessment and fisheries management for Indian Ocean yellowfin tuna.

, correspAuthors=Qiuyun Ma, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2023 Pratacultural Science. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Mingyuan Cui, Qiuyun Ma, Siquan Tian, Longshan Lin, Yuan Li), CN=ArticleExt(id=1211299034082447597, articleId=1211299030278213685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=自然死亡和亲体补充关系对黄鳍金枪鱼资源评估的影响, columnId=1149698756456657529, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

黄鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus albacares)是全球经济和生态价值最重要的鱼类之一,其资源养护和管理受到各方的高度关注。本文依据年龄结构产量模型研究了印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼的资源状态,着重探讨了其生活史特征的不确定性对资源评估结果的影响。研究结果显示,1960−1985年间印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼资源量保持相对稳定,之后开始逐渐下降,相应的捕捞死亡系数也在2010年之后迅速增加,目前其种群可能存在过度捕捞(F2020/FMSY>1,SSB2020/SSBMSY<1)。印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼的资源评估结果对自然死亡系数(M)和亲体−补充量关系陡度参数(h)的改变较为敏感。当h增大时,SSBMSY和初始SSB(即SSB0)的变化较大,分别减少了约25.53万t和34.04万t;F2020/FMSY减小了1.15。当M增大时,F2020/FMSYSSBMSYSSB0均减小。综上所述,今后应重视印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼资源的开发程度,重视其资源养护管理,同时充分了解黄鳍金枪鱼的生活史特征,提高自然死亡系数和陡度参数估算的准确性,以期为印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼的资源评估和渔业管理提供更准确的信息,实现该渔业的长期可持续发展。

, correspAuthors=麻秋云, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*麻秋云(1987-),女,讲师,主要从事种群动力学和渔业资源评估研究。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《海洋学报》编辑部 2023, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=CxRrYnVntVOposn3F7tYrA==, magXml=0kygLVxwDqheu9bH6KOIag==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=WcsGzPo72zGNFc4uXer4Cg==, pdfFileSize=1501398, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=8DCI3et+QJA79hmkuV702Q==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=0LeHdbFmjh1pbKeOYpgSKQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

崔明远(1994-),男,山东省潍坊市人,博士研究生,主要从事渔业资源评估研究。E-mail:

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崔明远(1994-),男,山东省潍坊市人,博士研究生,主要从事渔业资源评估研究。E-mail:

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Resolution 18/01 on an interim plan for rebuilding the Indian Ocean yellowfin tuna stock in the IOTC area of competence[R]. Victoria: IOTC, 2018., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304269243274232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299030278213685, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=57, rfOrder=75, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Indian Ocean Tuna Commission. Resolution 17/01 on an interim plan for rebuilding the Indian Ocean yellowfin Tuna stock in the IOTC area of competence[R]. Victoria: IOTC, 2017., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304269322966009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299030278213685, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=58, rfOrder=76, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Indian Ocean Tuna Commission. Resolution 16/01 on an interim plan for rebuilding the Indian Ocean yellowfin tuna stock in the IOTC area of competence[R]. 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articleId=1211299030278213685, xref=5, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215304252839350874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299030278213685, companyId=1215304252830962266, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1215304256798773983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299030278213685, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Catch and age composition of yellowfin tuna in the Indian Ocean, figureFileSmall=aFu8Qfn31ufjs5/t823pJw==, figureFileBig=sfRElOwhskmMP6YkB+9GXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215304256870077154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299030278213685, language=CN, label=图1, caption=印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼渔获量及年龄组成, figureFileSmall=aFu8Qfn31ufjs5/t823pJw==, figureFileBig=sfRElOwhskmMP6YkB+9GXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215304256958157541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299030278213685, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Observed and predicted indices of yellowfin tuna in the Indian Ocean (S-base case), figureFileSmall=giRvHnC7yv1YD36mXii/iA==, figureFileBig=7/W4Oywu+lwmY5+ydf0Msw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215304257075598057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299030278213685, language=CN, label=图2, caption=印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼丰度指数观测值与预测值(基准模型), figureFileSmall=giRvHnC7yv1YD36mXii/iA==, figureFileBig=7/W4Oywu+lwmY5+ydf0Msw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215304257251758829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299030278213685, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Observed and predicted catch of yellowfin tuna in the Indian Ocean (S-base case), figureFileSmall=bNcY3NExkaK2RG6WqFK/dg==, figureFileBig=pG/8ykBm5mFhHiOdy3ut/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215304257360810739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299030278213685, language=CN, label=图3, caption=印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼年渔获量的观测值和预测值(基准模型), figureFileSmall=bNcY3NExkaK2RG6WqFK/dg==, figureFileBig=pG/8ykBm5mFhHiOdy3ut/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215304257465668343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299030278213685, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Estimated fishing mortality (FMSY) and spawning stock biomass (SSB) of yellowfin tuna in the Indian Ocean in base case model, figureFileSmall=0wyq8LIyUfbU+mk0bgu3ug==, figureFileBig=UdE2+6XO2mmbIpN9PsnRIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215304257562137340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299030278213685, language=CN, label=图4, caption=基准模型下印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼捕捞死亡系数(FMSY)和产卵亲体生物量(SSB)估计值, figureFileSmall=0wyq8LIyUfbU+mk0bgu3ug==, figureFileBig=UdE2+6XO2mmbIpN9PsnRIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215304257637634816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299030278213685, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Estimates of stock numbers by age of yellowfin tuna in the Indian Ocean (S-base case), figureFileSmall=UhsKXl2tPlQpxK4Pd3UgyA==, figureFileBig=GGWoxywXn4pZLHOr+1uQQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215304257734103812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299030278213685, language=CN, label=图5, caption=印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼资源数量的年龄结构(基准模型), figureFileSmall=UhsKXl2tPlQpxK4Pd3UgyA==, figureFileBig=GGWoxywXn4pZLHOr+1uQQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215304257817989896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299030278213685, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Estimated fishing mortality (FMSY) and spawning stock biomass (SSB) of yellowfin tuna in the Indian Ocean in different steepness

The intersections of straight lines and curves are FMSY and SSBMSY

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横线与曲线的交点为FMSYSSBMSY

, figureFileSmall=z8TA+eUECvZf36H7jpO9Lg==, figureFileBig=KtsB1xnSNCew5im5O3hfQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215304258006733584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299030278213685, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Estimated fishing mortality (FMAY) and spawning stock biomass (SSB) of yellowfin tuna in the Indian Ocean in different natural mortality

The intersections of straight lines and curves are FMSY and SSBMSY

, figureFileSmall=GdX+obE0XXVdpTGVb7G+tA==, figureFileBig=UZdQpdf+NWNxzEXmEwiHDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215304258082231059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299030278213685, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同自然死亡系数下印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼捕捞死亡系数(FMSY)和产卵亲体生物量(SSB)估计值

横线与曲线的交点为FMSYSSBMSY

, figureFileSmall=GdX+obE0XXVdpTGVb7G+tA==, figureFileBig=UZdQpdf+NWNxzEXmEwiHDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215304258157728535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299030278213685, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Estimates of stock numbers by age of yellowfin tuna in the Indian Ocean in different scenarios, figureFileSmall=t/s++b1btZ+z18zJdeQCTQ==, figureFileBig=AFfw1D5HfNxNCgFOvgfDcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215304258279363357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299030278213685, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同模型下印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼各个年龄对应的资源数量, figureFileSmall=t/s++b1btZ+z18zJdeQCTQ==, figureFileBig=AFfw1D5HfNxNCgFOvgfDcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215304258367443745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299030278213685, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

The objective function of each model and its main components

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模型目标函
数值
渔获量
成分
丰度
指数
渔获年龄
组成成分
补充量
偏差
S14 048696812998273
S-base case4 044696862993269
S24 042696922988266
S34 1297531072994275
), ArticleFig(id=1215304258438746918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299030278213685, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各个模型的目标函数值及其主要组成

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型目标函
数值
渔获量
成分
丰度
指数
渔获年龄
组成成分
补充量
偏差
S14 048696812998273
S-base case4 044696862993269
S24 042696922988266
S34 1297531072994275
), ArticleFig(id=1215304259701232425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299030278213685, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Biological reference points and related parameters from each assessment model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
生物参考点 模型
S1S-base caseS2S3
注:F2020为2020年捕捞死亡系数,SSB2020为2020年产卵亲体生物量,SSB0为未开发时的产卵亲体生物量,FMSY为最大可持续产量对应的捕捞死亡系数,MSY为最大可持续产量,SSBMSY为最大可持续产量对应的产卵亲体生物量,C2020为2020年渔获量。
F20200.980.930.900.96
SSB2020/t558 920.7575 049.9589 316.9602 132.8
SSB0/t3 046 7672 849 7652 706 4072 469 225
FMSY0.340.420.520.52
F2020/FMSY2.882.211.731.85
MSY/t327 559341 191354 961334 197
C2020/MSY1.321.271.221.30
SSBMSY/t991 582854 369736 282745 318
SSB2020/SSBMSY0.560.670.800.81
), ArticleFig(id=1215304259806090029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299030278213685, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

各个模型的生物学参考点及相关参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
生物参考点 模型
S1S-base caseS2S3
注:F2020为2020年捕捞死亡系数,SSB2020为2020年产卵亲体生物量,SSB0为未开发时的产卵亲体生物量,FMSY为最大可持续产量对应的捕捞死亡系数,MSY为最大可持续产量,SSBMSY为最大可持续产量对应的产卵亲体生物量,C2020为2020年渔获量。
F20200.980.930.900.96
SSB2020/t558 920.7575 049.9589 316.9602 132.8
SSB0/t3 046 7672 849 7652 706 4072 469 225
FMSY0.340.420.520.52
F2020/FMSY2.882.211.731.85
MSY/t327 559341 191354 961334 197
C2020/MSY1.321.271.221.30
SSBMSY/t991 582854 369736 282745 318
SSB2020/SSBMSY0.560.670.800.81
), ArticleFig(id=1215304259910947631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299030278213685, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Maturity, natural mortality and steepness parameter set in the ASAP model of yellowfin tuna in the Indian Ocean

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄S1S-base caseS2S3性成熟度[30]
M1h1M1h2M1h3M2h2
10.9630.70.9630.80.9630.91.0680.80
20.6630.70.6630.80.6630.90.7350.80.3
30.5480.70.5480.80.5480.90.6080.81
40.4930.70.4930.80.4930.90.5470.81
50.4630.70.4630.80.4630.90.5140.81
6+0.4460.70.4460.80.4460.90.4950.81
), ArticleFig(id=1215304260024193842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299030278213685, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼ASAP模型中的性成熟度、不同模型中设置的自然死亡系数和陡度参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄S1S-base caseS2S3性成熟度[30]
M1h1M1h2M1h3M2h2
10.9630.70.9630.80.9630.91.0680.80
20.6630.70.6630.80.6630.90.7350.80.3
30.5480.70.5480.80.5480.90.6080.81
40.4930.70.4930.80.4930.90.5470.81
50.4630.70.4630.80.4630.90.5140.81
6+0.4460.70.4460.80.4460.90.4950.81
), ArticleFig(id=1215304260141634357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299030278213685, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Root mean square error for each model

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模型 渔获量成分丰度指数成分补充量偏差成分
S10.621.371.58
S-base case0.631.391.58
S20.631.411.57
S30.901.471.54
), ArticleFig(id=1215304260204548920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299030278213685, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

各个模型均方根误差

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模型 渔获量成分丰度指数成分补充量偏差成分
S10.621.371.58
S-base case0.631.391.58
S20.631.411.57
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自然死亡和亲体补充关系对黄鳍金枪鱼资源评估的影响
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崔明远 1 , 麻秋云 1, 2, 3, 4, * , 田思泉 1, 2, 3, 4 , 林龙山 5 , 李渊 5
海洋学报 | 论文 2023,45(3): 40-51
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海洋学报 | 论文 2023, 45(3): 40-51
自然死亡和亲体补充关系对黄鳍金枪鱼资源评估的影响
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崔明远1 , 麻秋云1, 2, 3, 4, * , 田思泉1, 2, 3, 4, 林龙山5, 李渊5
作者信息
  • 1 上海海洋大学 海洋科学学院,上海 201306
  • 2 国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海 201306
  • 3 大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室,上海 201306
  • 4 农业农村部大洋渔业可持续利用重点实验站,上海 201306
  • 5 自然资源部第三海洋研究所,福建 厦门 361005
  • 崔明远(1994-),男,山东省潍坊市人,博士研究生,主要从事渔业资源评估研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*麻秋云(1987-),女,讲师,主要从事种群动力学和渔业资源评估研究。E-mail:
Influence of natural mortality and stock-recruitment relationship on yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) stock assessment
Mingyuan Cui1 , Qiuyun Ma1, 2, 3, 4, * , Siquan Tian1, 2, 3, 4, Longshan Lin5, Yuan Li5
Affiliations
  • 1College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
  • 2National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai 201306, China
  • 3Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China
  • 4Key Laboratory of Sustainable Use of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201306, China
  • 5Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
出版时间: 2023-03-01 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023044
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黄鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus albacares)是全球经济和生态价值最重要的鱼类之一,其资源养护和管理受到各方的高度关注。本文依据年龄结构产量模型研究了印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼的资源状态,着重探讨了其生活史特征的不确定性对资源评估结果的影响。研究结果显示,1960−1985年间印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼资源量保持相对稳定,之后开始逐渐下降,相应的捕捞死亡系数也在2010年之后迅速增加,目前其种群可能存在过度捕捞(F2020/FMSY>1,SSB2020/SSBMSY<1)。印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼的资源评估结果对自然死亡系数(M)和亲体−补充量关系陡度参数(h)的改变较为敏感。当h增大时,SSBMSY和初始SSB(即SSB0)的变化较大,分别减少了约25.53万t和34.04万t;F2020/FMSY减小了1.15。当M增大时,F2020/FMSYSSBMSYSSB0均减小。综上所述,今后应重视印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼资源的开发程度,重视其资源养护管理,同时充分了解黄鳍金枪鱼的生活史特征,提高自然死亡系数和陡度参数估算的准确性,以期为印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼的资源评估和渔业管理提供更准确的信息,实现该渔业的长期可持续发展。

远洋渔业  /  种群动力学  /  敏感性分析  /  自然死亡  /  陡度

Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) is one of the most important fishes with great global economic and ecological value, and its conservation and management have received much concerns. The stock status of yellowfin tuna in the Indian Ocean based on the age-structured assessment program model is evaluated in this study, focusing on the uncertainties of its life history characteristics on the stock assessment results. The results show that the resources of yellowfin tuna in the Indian Ocean remained relatively stable from 1960 to 1985 and then declined gradually, while the fishing mortality coefficient F increased rapidly after 2010. This stock in 2020 may be overfished, since the estimated F2020 was greater than FMSY (F that could attain maximum sustainable yield MSY), while spawning stock biomass, SSB2020 was less than SSBMSY. Sensitivity analysis was also conducted to evaluate the uncertainties of stock assessment. Two important life history characteristics, natural mortality M and steepness of spawning-stock relationship h, were analyzed for their influence on the estimates of F, SSB and biological reference points. When h was set to 0.7, 0.8, and 0.9, SSBMSY and SSB0 (the unfished SSB) reduced by about 255 300 t and 340 400 t; and F2020/FMSY gradually decreased (from 2.88 to 2.21 and 1.73). When the M was set to M1 (0.963, 0.663, 0.548, 0.493, 0.463, 0.446) and M2 (1.068, 0.735, 0.608, 0.547, 0.514, 0.495) respectively, the larger M2 leads to lower SSB and F2020/FMSY. In summary, the conservation and management of Indian Ocean yellowfin tuna should be tightened in the future to achieve long-term sustainable development of this fishery. The life history characteristics of yellowfin tuna should be fully understood, especially M and h estimation should be improved, to provide more accurate information for stock assessment and fisheries management for Indian Ocean yellowfin tuna.

pelagic fishery  /  fish population dynamics  /  sensitivity analysis  /  natural mortality  /  steepness
崔明远, 麻秋云, 田思泉, 林龙山, 李渊. 自然死亡和亲体补充关系对黄鳍金枪鱼资源评估的影响. 海洋学报, 2023 , 45 (3) : 40 -51 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2023044
Mingyuan Cui, Qiuyun Ma, Siquan Tian, Longshan Lin, Yuan Li. Influence of natural mortality and stock-recruitment relationship on yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) stock assessment[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2023 , 45 (3) : 40 -51 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2023044
黄鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus albacares)广泛分布于三大洋热带和亚热带海域,是一种长距离洄游种类,具有极高的经济价值[1]。黄鳍金枪鱼渔业开发于20世纪50年代,以围网、竿钓和延绳钓等网具捕捞作业。黄鳍金枪鱼产量仅次于鲣鱼(Katsuwonus pelamis),约占全球金枪鱼产量的30%,常被制成生鱼片、金枪鱼罐头等产品销往世界各地[2]。随着人类需求的日益增加,黄鳍金枪鱼产量不断增加[3],准确掌握黄鳍金枪鱼的资源状况是持续利用该渔业资源的关键。目前,黄鳍金枪鱼资源状况评估使用的模型有剩余产量模型[4-5]、年龄结构产量(Age-Structured Assessment Program, ASAP)模型[1]、合成模型[6]等。本研究运用ASAP模型对印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼资源进行评估,ASAP模型已应用在许多商业渔业的评估中,例如大西洋蓝鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus thynnus[7]、西大西洋笛鲷(Lutjanus campechanus[8]等。
在资源评估过程中,关键参数的变化将极大影响模型拟合结果的准确性和精确度[9]。ASAP模型的运行需要众多数据参数的支撑,例如自然死亡系数(M)、性成熟度、捕捞选择性参数和陡度参数等[10]。鱼类种群变化主要受补充、生长、自然死亡和捕捞死亡等的影响,造成种群数量增加的补充过程,因环境、捕食者和疾病等造成种群数量减少的自然死亡,都是资源动态变化的关键过程,直接影响资源评估的结果[11]。自然死亡系数受种群、栖息地和捕食者等多种因素影响而难以估算[12],相关学者对其的研究表明估算结果并不理想[13],多数资源评估方法中的自然死亡系数都通过间接方法进行估算[14];鱼类繁殖补充过程受气候、海流、温度等因素影响,年际变化较大[15],而且大量文献表明,亲体补充量关系的估算十分困难[15-18]。因此,两者的不确定性不可避免地会影响种群资源评估的结果[10, 19],该影响程度的大小和关键种群参数对其敏感性,将决定资源评估结果的应用和管理建议的选择。目前,黄鳍金枪鱼的相关研究也受到了极大重视,是其资源评估和渔业管理的重点关注内容,例如冯波等[4]讨论了印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼不确定性问题的来源;Tian等[20]研究了太平洋黄鳍金枪鱼种群评估结果对自然死亡系数和陡度(h)等参数的敏感性;Carruthers等[21]研究了大西洋黄鳍金枪鱼数据处理的不确定性对其资源评估的影响等。敏感性分析可以在众多不确定性因素中找出对模型结果有重要影响的敏感性因素,同时分析这些因素的单独变化或多因素同时变化对模型结果的影响[22]。本文利用ASAP模型对印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼资源状况进行评估,并着重对该模型中的自然死亡系数和亲体补充关系的陡度参数进行敏感性分析,以了解黄鳍金枪鱼的渔业资源状态及参数的不确定性对模型的影响。
本研究中,印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼的渔获量及其年龄组成[23]图1)和种群丰度指数[24],即标准化单位捕捞努力量渔获量(Catch Per Unit Effort, CPUE),均来自印度洋金枪鱼委员会(Indian Ocean Tuna Commission,IOTC),时间跨度为1950−2020年。种群丰度指数4组,分别来自印度洋4个不同的区域(东北、东南、西北和西南)。
ASAP模型是基于统计误差分布的渔获量年龄结构模型。该模型通过预设初始亲体补充量等参数,以顺推方式模拟种群动态变化,同时构建似然函数,向前推算各年份的渔获量、捕捞死亡系数等变量[10]
ASAP模型参数估算的目标函数由多个模型拟合而成,目标函数的计算过程主要存在两种误差分布,分别为对数正态分布(渔获量、丰度指数等)和多项式分布(渔获年龄组成等),两者通过负对数似然估算求解[25]。前者受标准差或变异系数(Coefficient of Variation,Cv)影响较大,后者受有效样本量(Effective Sample Size,ESS)影响较大[17]。本研究中,ASAP模型预设Cv代替标准差,并根据模型拟合情况逐步调整。
多项式分布的似然函数L1[26]
$ -\ln \left(L_{1}\right)=\ln ({\rm{E S S}})+\sum\left(c_{i}\right)-{\rm{E S S}}\sum p_{i} \ln ( {{\rm{pred}}}p_{i}) \text{,} $
式中,cii龄的渔获量;pi和predpi分别为i龄的渔获量比例和预测比例。
对数正态分布的似然函数L2[26]
$ \begin{split}-\ln \left(L_{2}\right)=&0.5 \ln (2 \text{π})+\sum \ln \left({\rm{o b s}}_{i}\right)+\ln (\sigma)+\\&0.5 \sum \frac{\left[ \ln \left({\rm{a b s}}_{5}\right)-\ln \left(\operatorname{pred}_{i}\right)\right]^{2}}{\sigma^{2}} \text{,}\end{split} $
式中,obsi和predi为第i个数据的观测值和预测值;$ \sigma$为标准差。同时,使用以下等式将Cv转化为方差或标准差:
$ \sigma^2=\ln(C_{v}^{2}+1). $
黄鳍金枪鱼ASAP模型(S1、S-base case、S2、S3)的目标函数值主要为似然函数值之和(表1):
$ \text { Objective function }=\sum \lambda_{j}[-\ln (L)]_{j} \text{,} $
式中,λj为第j个似然函数的权重系数(j=1~4,即4个区域),目前暂无研究表明似然函数对目标函数的贡献度,因此本研究将λj设为1[17]
本文采用ASAP模型评估印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼的资源状态,同时估算渔业管理生物学参考点[27]:最大可持续产量(Maximum Sustainable Yield,MSY)及其对应的捕捞死亡系数(FMSY)、当前捕捞死亡系数(F2020)、最大可持续产量对应的亲体生物量(SSBMSY)、当前亲体生物量(SSB2020)和未开发亲体生物量(SSB0)(表2)。本文通过预测值的变化及均方根误差(Root Mean Square Error,RMSE)诊断模型拟合效果。
本文应用文献中von Bertalanfy生长方程的参数[28],其中,渐进体长(L)为197.4 cm,生长系数K为0.3 a−1,理论初始年龄(t0)为−1.115 7龄[29];采用文献[23]中幂指数函数拟合体长体重的关系,其中系数a为2.46×10−5,系数b为2.97。据此求得黄鳍金枪鱼不同年龄的体重。本研究共设6个年龄组(1~6+),性成熟度参数来自Zudaire等[30]对西印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼繁殖潜力的研究(表3)。
自然死亡系数的估算较为困难,易受鱼类性别、年龄、时空分布等因素的影响,存在较大的不确定性和可变性[12]。自然死亡系数作为ASAP模型最重要的输入参数之一,直接影响资源评估的结果。Hoyle[31]总结出较多的印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼自然死亡系数,根据模型拟合效果仅有两种可用于本研究,皆通过最大观测年龄(Amax)估算M,其中M1=5.4/Amax$M_2=4.899A_{\max}^{-0.916} $M2中各个年龄对应的自然死亡系数略大于M1[31-32],该估算方法已获得认可,并用在2020年印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼资源评估中[33]表3)。
亲体补充量关系中的陡度参数往往难以准确估算,是模型不确定性最主要的来源之一[34],严重影响产卵亲体生物量和补充量。为使模型结果更加合理,设置不同陡度参数进行敏感性分析显得尤为重要。陡度参数值越大表明资源恢复能力越强[35],本研究陡度参数的设置主要参考Harley[36]利用Meta-Analysis方法对金枪鱼陡度参数的分析,基准模型的陡度参数设置为h2=0.8,同时参照以往的研究考虑不同陡度(h1=0.7,h3=0.9)对资源评估结果的影响[6, 33, 36]表3)。
为分析模型对参数的敏感性,本研究在设定S-base case(M=M1h=0.8)为基准模型后,设置不同的自然死亡系数(M1M2)和陡度(h=0.7,0.8,0.9),分别对应模型S1、S2和S3,以探讨参数对模型的潜在影响(表3)。
基准模型S-base case(M=M1h2=0.8)丰度指数和总渔获量的拟合情况较好,但不同丰度指数间存在差异(图2图3)。随着陡度参数的改变,模型的目标函数值略微减小,但差异并不显著;当自然死亡系数改变时,目标函数存在较大差异(表1),渔获量成分对应的均方根误差也具有明显差异(表4)。
捕捞死亡系数总体呈上升趋势,在1995年前保持低水准,之后迅速增加,在2000−2002年略有下降后继续增加,2005−2010年迅速下降,2010−2020年急剧增加,处在较高水准。产卵亲体生物量自1950−2020年呈波动下降趋势,2020年已低于SSBMSY水平(图4)。
印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼的资源数量总体上呈波动下降趋势(图5)。各个年龄中印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼的资源数量下降趋势明显,高龄鱼的比重逐年减小,低龄鱼比重有所增大。1994年后,印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼1龄鱼资源数量的比重稳定在60%以上;在2015年后,5龄和6+龄个体在整个群体资源数量中占比不超过2%。
当前捕捞死亡系数估计值为0.93,当前产卵亲体生物量的估计值为575 049.9 t,最大可持续产量(MSY)为341 191 t,MSY对应的捕捞死亡系数为0.42。在基准模型下,F2020FMSY的比值为2.21,SSB2020SSBMSY的比值为0.67。2020年印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼资源可能已处于过度捕捞状态。
在1995−2010年间,陡度参数对捕捞死亡系数影响较大,其余年份间的差异并不显著(图6a)。当陡度参数增加至0.9时,F2020从0.98减小至0.90,FMSY从0.34增大至0.52。在基准模型(h2=0.8)下,F2020远大于FMSY,比值为2.21,其他模型下F2020FMSY的比值仍大于1(表2)。
1950−2005年陡度参数对SSB影响较大,陡度参数越大,对应的SSB越小;但近年来陡度参数的影响则极小(图6b)。在基准模型下,SSB2020/SSBMSY=0.67,其他模型下SSB2020SSBMSY的比值均小于1。当陡度参数从0.7增大至0.9时,SSB0约从305万t减小至271万t,MSY约从32.8万t增大至35.5万t。F2020SSB0SSBMSY随陡度参数的增大而减小,FMSYSSB2020和MSY随陡度参数的增大而增大(表2)。
自然死亡系数对FSSB的影响较大(图7)。自然死亡系数增大后,F的估算值较大,SSB较小,生物学参考点中F2020SSB2020有所增大,FMSY由0.42增大至0.52,而SSB0、MSY和SSBMSY有所减小(表2)。
印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼的资源数量总体上均呈下降趋势且高龄鱼(5龄和6+龄)占比逐年降低(图8),但不同模型下各个年份的资源数量存在差异。随着陡度参数的增大,各个年份估算的资源数量普遍减小,但差异并不显著。当自然死亡系数为M2时,各个年份对应的资源数量有所增加。2020年,与基准模型相比,模型S3对应的高龄鱼资源数量占比最低,约为0.5%;模型S1对应的高龄鱼资源数量占比最高,约为0.8%。
在不同模型下,不同陡度参数和自然死亡系数下的生物学参考点差异明显(表2)。随着陡度参数的增大,MSY有所增大,其差值约为2.74万t;SSBMSY有所减小且差异较大,其差值约为25.53万t;SSB0的差异较大(约34.04万t);FMSY从0.34增大至0.52,其差值约为0.2。当自然死亡系数为M2时,SSB0约减少38.05万t,MSY下降,FMSY约增大0.1(表2)。在其他模型下,F2020FMSY的比值均大于1.5,SSB2020SSBMSY的比值均小于1。因此,2020年印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼资源可能已处于过度捕捞状况。
黄鳍金枪鱼在世界三大洋的金枪鱼渔业中占有重要地位,其开发程度不断增大,资源状况形势严峻[2]。本文通过ASAP模型评估,发现印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼资源状态不容乐观,可能已处于过度捕捞状态;敏感性分析的结果显示,亲体补充量关系的陡度参数和自然死亡系数对资源评估结果具有明显的影响。
ASAP模型是年龄结构模型,通过假设自然死亡系数、初始资源量等参数,推算种群的动态变化,将渔获量等数据作为观测变量,通过观测模型构建目标函数,最后利用最大似然函数估算各个参数[10]。虽然ASAP模型受数据的数量和质量影响略大,但该模型比较灵活,允许捕捞系数、渔具选择性等参数随时间改变,有较强的模型拟合能力[7, 10, 37]。该模型在渔业中应用广泛[38],例如Zhu等[18]、Crone等[39]、李亚楠等[26]均用ASAP模型进行研究并取得一定成果。该模型运行便捷,其结果具备合理性,能够得到广泛认同,在金枪鱼渔业资源评估中发挥着重要作用。
本文通过生物学参考点评估了印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼渔业种群的资源状态,基准模型对应的比值(F2020/FMSY)为2.21,其他模型下的比值分别为2.88(h1=0.7)、1.73(h3=0.9)、1.85(M=M2),而SSB2020/SSBMSY均小于1,表明当前印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼已处于过度捕捞状态。另外,资源状态评价还可通过SSB2020SSB0比值(即SBR)判断[26]。SBR越接近于0时,表明当前渔业资源衰退严重;而SBR越接近于1时,表明渔业资源可能没有明显衰退[17]。本研究中基准模型对应的SBR为0.24,其他模型下对应的SBR分别为0.18(h1=0.7)、0.22(h3=0.9)、0.20(M=M2),这表明,经过70年的商业性捕捞,印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼资源处于衰退状态,其资源生物量远低于未开发状态。
众多研究表明,与大西洋[40-41]和太平洋[42-43]的黄鳍金枪鱼资源状况相比,印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼的资源状况并不理想,例如官文江等[44]研究认为印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼既存在捕捞型过度捕捞,也存在资源型过度捕捞;冯波等[1]、Nishida[45]研究发现其种群已处于过度捕捞状态。印度洋金枪鱼委员会(IOTC)在2021年对印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼的资源状况进行评估,研究发现该种群遭受过度捕捞的可能性较大[33]。开始于20世纪60年代的日韩等国的黄鳍金枪鱼渔业捕捞强度极大[46]:1950−1971年日本在印度洋的黄鳍金枪鱼渔获量约为52.51万t,占整个印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼渔获量的72%;20世纪70−80年代,韩国在印度洋捕捞黄鳍金枪鱼的渔获量在其历史渔获量中占有较大比重[46]。随着多种网具的投入使用和集鱼装置等先进技术的应用,使该渔业的开发力度不断加大[47]。这期间高强度的捕捞对印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼资源状态产生较大影响,可能造成了目前的资源过度捕捞状态。
本研究结果表明,印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼已处于过度捕捞状态,该结果与印度洋区域内各评估模型所得的研究结果基本一致。另外,各模型的数据要求和假设条件不同,往往导致评估结果存在较大的不确定性[1],而上述印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼资源评估模型的结果均指向过度捕捞,可见其资源状况较为严峻。针对印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼当前的资源状况,印度洋金枪鱼委员会已对该渔业实施了较多养护管理措施,以缓解黄鳍金枪鱼的捕捞压力,包括年度限额、控制捕捞量、减少补给船等[48]
生长、补充、自然死亡和捕捞死亡是影响渔业种群动态变化的主要因素,其中任一环节受到扰动将影响渔业资源群体的变化[49]。在通过数学模型描述渔业种群动态变化的过程中,往往因计算困难或数据难以获取等原因产生较多不确定性(数据的不确定性、参数估计的不确定性、模型的不确定性等),进而造成渔业资源评估结果的不确定性[49]。其中,参数估计的不确定性是本文的研究重点。敏感性分析有助于找出影响模型的敏感性因素,是检验模型不确定性的常用方法[22]。例如田志盼等[40]、崔明远等[50]均通过敏感性分析研究种群关键参数变动对模型结果及资源评估的影响。本文将陡度参数和自然死亡系数作为不确定性参数进行敏感性分析,结果显示模型对这两个参数均较为敏感。在本研究中,陡度参数从0.7增大至0.9时,SSBMSYSSB0的差异显著,分别减少约25.53万t和34.04万t,F2020/FMSY约减小1.15。自然死亡系数发生变化时,SSB0SSBMSY也有较大变化,分别约减少38.06万t和10.91万t;F2020/FMSY约减小0.36。同样,朱江峰等[17]运用ASAP模型评估印度洋长鳍金枪鱼资源状态时也发现陡度参数的变化对SSB的影响较大;冯波等[1]利用ASPM模型评估印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼的资源状态并对自然死亡系数和陡度参数进行敏感性分析,研究发现评估结果差异显著。在本研究中,不同模型下印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼资源量的年龄结构也存在差异。总之,自然死亡系数和陡度参数的准确性应作为今后的研究重点,以期提供更加准确的信息,不断提高模型拟合结果的准确性。
陡度参数为亲体规模减小到未开发水平的20%时所产生的原始补充比例[51],能够反应补充量随亲体量减小而减小的相对速度[35]。本文将陡度参数设置为0.8,这是各区域金枪鱼渔业组织在资源评估中普遍采用数值(0.7、0.8和0.9)的中间值[36],其假设值在热带金枪鱼陡度参数的合理范围内[33]。自然死亡系数是捕捞之外所有因素造成的某个渔业种群单位时间内的相对死亡率[52]。了解自然死亡系数可以更好地分析种群恢复力和产量,是渔业资源评估中的重要参数[53]。随着黄鳍金枪鱼资源评估不断增加,其自然死亡系数的假设越来越多。黄鳍金枪鱼的自然死亡系数早期初步估算为0.8,之后考虑性别差异造成的影响,雌性的自然死亡系数更高[31]。随后标记数据和各个估算方法(Lorenzen法、基于最大观测年龄法等)被应用于自然死亡系数的估算中[31]。在Hoyle[31]估算的自然死亡系数中仅有两组在本模型拟合效果中表现良好,但评估结果具有显著异质性。在今后的研究中,应积极尝试新方法,不断测试自然死亡系数和陡度参数在评估模型中的可靠性,以提高评估结果的准确性。
本研究仅对陡度和自然死亡系数进行敏感性分析,性成熟度等其他生长参数尚未考虑。在今后的研究中应该充分了解鱼类生活史特征,提高相关参数的精准度,这对资源评估结果有重要影响。
2016−2021年间,印度洋金枪鱼委员会针对黄鳍金枪鱼提出一系列的养护管理措施并进行了修订,包括渔获量控制、补给船控制等,本文对这些建议进行总结并分析其效果。IOTC根据不同的作业网具控制渔获量,如2014年刺网捕捞量超过2 000 t,则需要削减捕捞量的10%;围网、延绳钓和其他网具捕捞量超过5 000 t,分别需要削减捕捞量的15%、10%和5%[54-58]。2016年IOTC要求围网船的集鱼装置不得超过425个,2017年和2018年削减至不超过350个[54-57]。2021年的捕捞量限制不再区分网具,主要根据2014年黄鳍金枪鱼报告捕捞量和2017−2019年间平均捕捞量,在2014年捕捞水平上进行削减和控制,且根据不同地区的发展情况,削减程度不同[56]。此外IOTC对于围网补给船的数量也做出了限制,2016年要求补给船的数量不应超过围网渔船数量的一半[53],且各个成员应逐步减少补给船的数量[55-57];2021年进一步削减补给船的数量[54]。该管理措施变相减弱围网渔船的捕捞能力,一定程度上缓和了印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼的捕捞压力。
上述措施的实施从减少渔获量的输出控制和减少船数的输入控制方面降低了黄鳍金枪鱼的捕捞压力,对该资源的恢复具有积极影响。由于印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼渔业的捕捞方较多,各方的捕捞能力和经济社会发展差异较大,情况复杂,IOTC尚未明确规定年可捕量等捕捞配额管理,也未设定具体明确的管理参考点。本文估算的MSY为341 191 t,FMSY为0.42,建议将年可捕总量控制在MSY以下,将捕捞水平控制在FMSY以内,以进一步促进印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼资源的恢复。
除上述管理措施外,IOTC还加大渔获量和捕捞努力量等渔业数据的审查,提高当前资源评估的研究和管理效果的评价,但效果并不乐观。本文中估算的资源量自2016−2020年呈明显下降趋势且低龄鱼所占比重较大。2021年,养护管理政策有所改变,但成效有待考验,且黄鳍金枪鱼过度捕捞状态由来已久,是欧盟、日韩等发达国家半个多世纪的高强度远洋渔业捕捞造成的,不是短期的养护管理能够恢复的,需要长期可行的措施来逐步修复。
  • 国家自然科学基金(32202934);全球变化与海气相互作用(二期)专项(GASI-01-EIND-YD01/02spr/aut);国家重点研发计划(2019YFD0901404)。
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2023年第45卷第3期
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doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023044
  • 接收时间:2022-08-17
  • 首发时间:2025-12-26
  • 出版时间:2023-03-01
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  • 收稿日期:2022-08-17
  • 修回日期:2022-10-11
基金
国家自然科学基金(32202934);全球变化与海气相互作用(二期)专项(GASI-01-EIND-YD01/02spr/aut);国家重点研发计划(2019YFD0901404)。
作者信息
    1 上海海洋大学 海洋科学学院,上海 201306
    2 国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海 201306
    3 大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室,上海 201306
    4 农业农村部大洋渔业可持续利用重点实验站,上海 201306
    5 自然资源部第三海洋研究所,福建 厦门 361005

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*麻秋云(1987-),女,讲师,主要从事种群动力学和渔业资源评估研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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