Article(id=1211299029003145241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1211299024825611053, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12284/hyxb2023012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1652284800000, receivedDateStr=2022-05-12, revisedDate=1658073600000, revisedDateStr=2022-07-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766725793361, onlineDateStr=2025-12-26, pubDate=1677600000000, pubDateStr=2023-03-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766725793361, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766725793361, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766725793361, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1211299024825611053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2023', volume='45', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='158', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766725792365, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766924576395, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1212132785515532522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1211299024825611053, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1212132785515532523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1211299024825611053, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=66, endPage=75, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1211299029246414878, articleId=1211299029003145241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Characteristics of small medusae community correlated with environmental factors in the southwest of Bohai Sea, columnId=1194652705852465724, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

According to the data of four voyages of zooplankton survey in the southwest of Bohai Sea from August 2020 to May 2021, the community structure and seasonal variation of small medusae were analyzed, and the effects of environmental factors on the abundance of small medusae were discussed. There were seasonal variations in species composition and abundance distribution of small medusae in the southwest of Bohai Sea, a total of 13 species of small medusae were found throughout the year, including 11 species of hydromedusae and 2 species of ctenophores. The number of medusae species in spring, summer, autumn and winter were 4, 9, 7 and 2 species respectively. The mean abundance values were 30.74 ind./m3, 30.78 ind./m3, 12.08 ind./m3 and 0.57 ind./m3 respectively. The dominant species were Sugiura chengshanense, Rathkea octopunctata, Eirene ceylonensis, Clytia hemisphaerica, Pleurobrachia globosa. The average seasonal replacement rate of dominant species was 91.67%, showing obvious seasonal succession. Water temperature and salinity were main environmental factor affecting the seasonal variation of total abundance of small medusae in the southwest of Bohai Sea. The increase of water temperature and nutrients in spring promote the growth and reproduction of small medusae. In summer, copepods provided rich bait for small medusae to promote its growth, the community was mainly affected by salinity in autumn. According to the risk species of small medusae in the southwest of Bohai Sea, it was speculated that the peak of risk species in summer and autumn was a risk to the planned nuclear power.

, correspAuthors=Yanping Qi, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2023 Pratacultural Science. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xinyu Liu, Zijun Xu, Hongliang Zhang, Baolei Li, Guoyi Wen, Xiaoyu Li, Jingjing Sha, Xiaoyuan Du, Mengmeng Bao, Zhuonan Sun, Kai Ding, Yanping Qi, Ruobing Wen, Jing Cao), CN=ArticleExt(id=1211299031452618817, articleId=1211299029003145241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=渤海西南部小型水母群落特征与环境因子相关性研究, columnId=1149698756456657529, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

根据2020年8月至2021年5月对渤海西南部浮游动物调查的4个航次数据,分析该海域水螅水母、栉水母群落结构和季节变化特征,讨论了环境因子对小型水母丰度的影响。研究发现,渤海西南部小型水母种类组成和丰度分布存在季节变化,全年调查共发现小型水母13种,11种水螅水母、2种栉水母;春、夏、秋、冬该海域水母种数分别为4种、9种、7种和2种,丰度均值分别为30.74 ind./m3、30.78 ind./m3、12.08 ind./m3、0.57 ind./m3;优势种为嵊山秀氏水母(Sugiura chengshanense)、八斑芮氏水母(Rathkea octopunctata)、锡兰和平水母(Eirene ceylonensis)、半球美螅水母(Clytia hemisphaerica)、球型侧腕水母(Pleurobrachia globosa),优势种季节更替率平均为91.67%,呈现明显季节演替。水温和盐度是影响渤海西南部小型水母丰度季节变化的主要环境因子,春季水温回升及适宜营养盐含量促进小型水母生长繁殖,夏季桡足类为小型水母提供了丰富的饵料促进其生长,秋季群落主要受盐度的影响。根据渤海西南部小型水母风险种分布情况,推测夏季和秋季风险种旺发对拟建核电存在风险。

, correspAuthors=齐衍萍, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*齐衍萍,高级工程师,主要从事海洋生态研究。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《海洋学报》编辑部 2023, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=t3g0dINuDKQtQiELMtsBpA==, magXml=W2pb0bqmvqQYL06mb+JPVw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=l+Hbafa+AnccQuoBtQC66w==, pdfFileSize=1126806, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=aA4HanajARkqffiMz7x1LQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=13xSIYqzSyNo3Lx6J/IKLA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

刘欣禹(1988-)女,山东省青岛市人,工程师,主要研究方向为海洋生态学。E-mail:

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2 自然资源部渤海生态预警与保护修复重点实验室,山东 青岛 266033
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刘欣禹(1988-)女,山东省青岛市人,工程师,主要研究方向为海洋生态学。E-mail:

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刘欣禹(1988-)女,山东省青岛市人,工程师,主要研究方向为海洋生态学。E-mail:

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2 自然资源部渤海生态预警与保护修复重点实验室,山东 青岛 266033
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2 自然资源部渤海生态预警与保护修复重点实验室,山东 青岛 266033
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2 自然资源部渤海生态预警与保护修复重点实验室,山东 青岛 266033
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Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2014, 25(12): 3701−3712., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1215304259906749202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299029003145241, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划(2019YFC1407903);自然资源部北海局海洋科技项目(202202);北海分局海洋科技项目(202001)。, fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1215304248464687536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299029003145241, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215304248477270452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299029003145241, companyId=1215304248464687536, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 国家海洋局北海环境监测中心,山东 青岛 266033)]), AuthorCompany(id=1215304248548573622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299029003145241, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215304248556962232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299029003145241, companyId=1215304248548573622, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1North China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266033, China)]), AuthorCompany(id=1215304248640848318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299029003145241, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215304248649236928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299029003145241, companyId=1215304248640848318, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 自然资源部渤海生态预警与保护修复重点实验室,山东 青岛 266033)]), AuthorCompany(id=1215304248733123015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299029003145241, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215304248741511625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299029003145241, companyId=1215304248733123015, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Key Laboratory of Ecological Prewarning and Protection of Bohai Sea, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266033, China)]), AuthorCompany(id=1215304248829592016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299029003145241, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215304248837980625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299029003145241, companyId=1215304248829592016, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 山东省海洋生态环境与防灾减灾重点实验室,山东 青岛 266061)]), AuthorCompany(id=1215304248921866708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299029003145241, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215304248930255319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299029003145241, companyId=1215304248921866708, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Environment and Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Qingdao 266061, China)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1215304257260143333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299029003145241, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=The sample stations in the southwest of Bohai Sea, figureFileSmall=JOVMv1Zb04++5tOcE0zLAA==, figureFileBig=SZFg9v3/uYyleVCNwgPaDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215304257369195244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299029003145241, language=CN, label=图1, caption=渤海西南部调查站位, figureFileSmall=JOVMv1Zb04++5tOcE0zLAA==, figureFileBig=SZFg9v3/uYyleVCNwgPaDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215304257503412976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299029003145241, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Distribution of medusae abundance in different seasons, figureFileSmall=lnS8am2nXKwYFL+xN8vBoQ==, figureFileBig=Ior1j1prHbkhmTeaae4eTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215304257583104755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299029003145241, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同季节水母丰度分布, figureFileSmall=lnS8am2nXKwYFL+xN8vBoQ==, figureFileBig=Ior1j1prHbkhmTeaae4eTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215304257658602230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299029003145241, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=CCA ordination of small medusae and environmental factors in southwest of Bohai Sea

WT: Water temperature; DIN: dissolved inorganic nitrogen; DIP: dissolved inorganic phosphorus; DO: dissolved oxygen: S: salinity; COD: chemical oxygen demand; Copepods: Copepods

, figureFileSmall=Ox0MhqLQ65+hXyuB1izyjw==, figureFileBig=63Xw63zJdt8R1ZYJIZpGPQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215304257750876920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299029003145241, language=CN, label=图3, caption=渤海西南部小型水母与环境因子的CCA排序

WT:水温;DIN:无机氮;DIP:磷酸盐;DO:溶解氧;S:盐度;COD:化学需氧量;Copepods:桡足类

, figureFileSmall=Ox0MhqLQ65+hXyuB1izyjw==, figureFileBig=63Xw63zJdt8R1ZYJIZpGPQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215304257864123131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299029003145241, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Analysis methods of environmental factors

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号环境要素方法
1pHpH计法
2溶解氧含量碘量法
3化学需氧量碱性高锰酸钾法
4磷酸盐含量流动分析法
5无机氮含量流动分析法
), ArticleFig(id=1215304257960592124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299029003145241, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

环境要素分析方法

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号环境要素方法
1pHpH计法
2溶解氧含量碘量法
3化学需氧量碱性高锰酸钾法
4磷酸盐含量流动分析法
5无机氮含量流动分析法
), ArticleFig(id=1215304258061255423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299029003145241, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Species composition of medusae in different seasons

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号类群学名拉丁学名夏季秋季冬季春季
注:+表示检出,−表示未检出。
1水螅水母高手水母Bougainvillia sp.+
2水螅水母八斑芮氏水母Rathkea octopunctata ++
3水螅水母灯塔水母Turritopsis nutricula+
4水螅水母小介螅水母Hydractinia minima +
5水螅水母薮枝螅水母属Obelia spp.++
6水螅水母嵊山秀氏水母Sugiura chengshanense++ +
7水螅水母四手触丝水母Lovenella assimilis +
8水螅水母锡兰和平水母Eirene ceylonensis+
9水螅水母细颈和平水母Eirene menoni++
10水螅水母半球美螅水母Clytia hemisphaerica+++
11水螅水母四枝管水母Proboscidactyla flavicirrata+ +
12栉水母球型侧腕水母Pleurobrachia globosa++
13栉水母蝶水母Ocyropsis crystallina +
), ArticleFig(id=1215304258166113026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299029003145241, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同季节水母种类组成名录

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号类群学名拉丁学名夏季秋季冬季春季
注:+表示检出,−表示未检出。
1水螅水母高手水母Bougainvillia sp.+
2水螅水母八斑芮氏水母Rathkea octopunctata ++
3水螅水母灯塔水母Turritopsis nutricula+
4水螅水母小介螅水母Hydractinia minima +
5水螅水母薮枝螅水母属Obelia spp.++
6水螅水母嵊山秀氏水母Sugiura chengshanense++ +
7水螅水母四手触丝水母Lovenella assimilis +
8水螅水母锡兰和平水母Eirene ceylonensis+
9水螅水母细颈和平水母Eirene menoni++
10水螅水母半球美螅水母Clytia hemisphaerica+++
11水螅水母四枝管水母Proboscidactyla flavicirrata+ +
12栉水母球型侧腕水母Pleurobrachia globosa++
13栉水母蝶水母Ocyropsis crystallina +
), ArticleFig(id=1215304258296136454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299029003145241, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

The dominant species and dominant degree of medusae in different seasons

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种类季节优势度丰度占比/%出现率/%
球型侧腕水母夏季0.3945.5286.21
锡兰和平水母夏季0.2735.1775.86
半球美螅水母夏季0.0811.5965.52
球型侧腕水母秋季0.6983.9582.76
八斑芮氏水母冬季0.1887.2720.69
嵊山秀氏水母春季0.3258.5655.17
八斑芮氏水母春季0.0526.1517.24
), ArticleFig(id=1215304258384216840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299029003145241, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

各季节水母优势种及优势度指数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种类季节优势度丰度占比/%出现率/%
球型侧腕水母夏季0.3945.5286.21
锡兰和平水母夏季0.2735.1775.86
半球美螅水母夏季0.0811.5965.52
球型侧腕水母秋季0.6983.9582.76
八斑芮氏水母冬季0.1887.2720.69
嵊山秀氏水母春季0.3258.5655.17
八斑芮氏水母春季0.0526.1517.24
), ArticleFig(id=1215304258468102922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299029003145241, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Average values of zooplankton abundance and seawater environmental factors in different seasons

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数夏季秋季冬季春季p
注:**代表p<0.01。
浮游动物丰度/(ind.·m−3180.20±105.5696.85±671.91163.92±568.72 078.68±171.69**
桡足类丰度/(ind.·m−353.80±422.225.05±19.6185.64±275.831 678.11±162.11**
水温/℃27.69±5.3712.56±2.12.69±4.4117.16±7.17**
盐度30.95±1.2431.24±2.0231.96±1.5431.46±1.83**
pH8.09±0.248.28±0.458.21±0.48.12±0.14**
溶解氧含量/(mg·L−17.04±1.878.93±3.4211.44±2.727.52±2.76**
化学需氧量/(mg·L−11.193±1.471.20±1.501.41±1.821.01±0.77**
磷酸盐含量/(μg·L−110.94±66.024.185±9.048.99±14.343.89±5.14**
无机氮含量/(μg·L−1315.43±856.2143.921±621.5248.09±722.677.25±199.5**
), ArticleFig(id=1215304259713811215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299029003145241, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同季节浮游动物丰度及海水环境要素平均值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数夏季秋季冬季春季p
注:**代表p<0.01。
浮游动物丰度/(ind.·m−3180.20±105.5696.85±671.91163.92±568.72 078.68±171.69**
桡足类丰度/(ind.·m−353.80±422.225.05±19.6185.64±275.831 678.11±162.11**
水温/℃27.69±5.3712.56±2.12.69±4.4117.16±7.17**
盐度30.95±1.2431.24±2.0231.96±1.5431.46±1.83**
pH8.09±0.248.28±0.458.21±0.48.12±0.14**
溶解氧含量/(mg·L−17.04±1.878.93±3.4211.44±2.727.52±2.76**
化学需氧量/(mg·L−11.193±1.471.20±1.501.41±1.821.01±0.77**
磷酸盐含量/(μg·L−110.94±66.024.185±9.048.99±14.343.89±5.14**
无机氮含量/(μg·L−1315.43±856.2143.921±621.5248.09±722.677.25±199.5**
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渤海西南部小型水母群落特征与环境因子相关性研究
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刘欣禹 1, 2, 3 , 徐子钧 1, 2, 3 , 张洪亮 1, 2, 3 , 李保磊 1, 2, 3 , 温国义 1, 2, 3 , 李笑语 1, 2, 3 , 沙婧婧 1, 2, 3 , 杜小媛 1, 2, 3 , 鲍萌萌 1, 2, 3 , 孙卓男 1, 2, 3 , 丁凯 1, 2, 3 , 齐衍萍 1, 2, 3, * , 温若冰 1, 2, 3 , 曹婧 1, 2, 3
海洋学报 | 论文 2023,45(3): 66-75
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海洋学报 | 论文 2023, 45(3): 66-75
渤海西南部小型水母群落特征与环境因子相关性研究
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刘欣禹1, 2, 3 , 徐子钧1, 2, 3, 张洪亮1, 2, 3, 李保磊1, 2, 3, 温国义1, 2, 3, 李笑语1, 2, 3, 沙婧婧1, 2, 3, 杜小媛1, 2, 3, 鲍萌萌1, 2, 3, 孙卓男1, 2, 3, 丁凯1, 2, 3, 齐衍萍1, 2, 3, * , 温若冰1, 2, 3, 曹婧1, 2, 3
作者信息
  • 1 国家海洋局北海环境监测中心,山东 青岛 266033
  • 2 自然资源部渤海生态预警与保护修复重点实验室,山东 青岛 266033
  • 3 山东省海洋生态环境与防灾减灾重点实验室,山东 青岛 266061
  • 刘欣禹(1988-)女,山东省青岛市人,工程师,主要研究方向为海洋生态学。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*齐衍萍,高级工程师,主要从事海洋生态研究。E-mail:
Characteristics of small medusae community correlated with environmental factors in the southwest of Bohai Sea
Xinyu Liu1, 2, 3 , Zijun Xu1, 2, 3, Hongliang Zhang1, 2, 3, Baolei Li1, 2, 3, Guoyi Wen1, 2, 3, Xiaoyu Li1, 2, 3, Jingjing Sha1, 2, 3, Xiaoyuan Du1, 2, 3, Mengmeng Bao1, 2, 3, Zhuonan Sun1, 2, 3, Kai Ding1, 2, 3, Yanping Qi1, 2, 3, * , Ruobing Wen1, 2, 3, Jing Cao1, 2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1North China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266033, China
  • 2Key Laboratory of Ecological Prewarning and Protection of Bohai Sea, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266033, China
  • 3Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Environment and Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Qingdao 266061, China
出版时间: 2023-03-01 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023012
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根据2020年8月至2021年5月对渤海西南部浮游动物调查的4个航次数据,分析该海域水螅水母、栉水母群落结构和季节变化特征,讨论了环境因子对小型水母丰度的影响。研究发现,渤海西南部小型水母种类组成和丰度分布存在季节变化,全年调查共发现小型水母13种,11种水螅水母、2种栉水母;春、夏、秋、冬该海域水母种数分别为4种、9种、7种和2种,丰度均值分别为30.74 ind./m3、30.78 ind./m3、12.08 ind./m3、0.57 ind./m3;优势种为嵊山秀氏水母(Sugiura chengshanense)、八斑芮氏水母(Rathkea octopunctata)、锡兰和平水母(Eirene ceylonensis)、半球美螅水母(Clytia hemisphaerica)、球型侧腕水母(Pleurobrachia globosa),优势种季节更替率平均为91.67%,呈现明显季节演替。水温和盐度是影响渤海西南部小型水母丰度季节变化的主要环境因子,春季水温回升及适宜营养盐含量促进小型水母生长繁殖,夏季桡足类为小型水母提供了丰富的饵料促进其生长,秋季群落主要受盐度的影响。根据渤海西南部小型水母风险种分布情况,推测夏季和秋季风险种旺发对拟建核电存在风险。

水螅水母  /  栉水母  /  季节变化  /  环境因子  /  浮游动物桡足类  /  渤海

According to the data of four voyages of zooplankton survey in the southwest of Bohai Sea from August 2020 to May 2021, the community structure and seasonal variation of small medusae were analyzed, and the effects of environmental factors on the abundance of small medusae were discussed. There were seasonal variations in species composition and abundance distribution of small medusae in the southwest of Bohai Sea, a total of 13 species of small medusae were found throughout the year, including 11 species of hydromedusae and 2 species of ctenophores. The number of medusae species in spring, summer, autumn and winter were 4, 9, 7 and 2 species respectively. The mean abundance values were 30.74 ind./m3, 30.78 ind./m3, 12.08 ind./m3 and 0.57 ind./m3 respectively. The dominant species were Sugiura chengshanense, Rathkea octopunctata, Eirene ceylonensis, Clytia hemisphaerica, Pleurobrachia globosa. The average seasonal replacement rate of dominant species was 91.67%, showing obvious seasonal succession. Water temperature and salinity were main environmental factor affecting the seasonal variation of total abundance of small medusae in the southwest of Bohai Sea. The increase of water temperature and nutrients in spring promote the growth and reproduction of small medusae. In summer, copepods provided rich bait for small medusae to promote its growth, the community was mainly affected by salinity in autumn. According to the risk species of small medusae in the southwest of Bohai Sea, it was speculated that the peak of risk species in summer and autumn was a risk to the planned nuclear power.

hydromedusae  /  ctenophores  /  seasonal variation  /  environmental factor  /  zooplankton copepods  /  Bohai Sea
刘欣禹, 徐子钧, 张洪亮, 李保磊, 温国义, 李笑语, 沙婧婧, 杜小媛, 鲍萌萌, 孙卓男, 丁凯, 齐衍萍, 温若冰, 曹婧. 渤海西南部小型水母群落特征与环境因子相关性研究. 海洋学报, 2023 , 45 (3) : 66 -75 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2023012
Xinyu Liu, Zijun Xu, Hongliang Zhang, Baolei Li, Guoyi Wen, Xiaoyu Li, Jingjing Sha, Xiaoyuan Du, Mengmeng Bao, Zhuonan Sun, Kai Ding, Yanping Qi, Ruobing Wen, Jing Cao. Characteristics of small medusae community correlated with environmental factors in the southwest of Bohai Sea[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2023 , 45 (3) : 66 -75 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2023012
水母是海洋生态系统中的重要组成部分,我国近海发现的水母有420多种。水母类生物种类繁多、数量巨大且分布范围广,是海洋生态系统物质和能量流动的重要环节[1-3],刺胞动物门的水螅水母和管水母以及栉水母动物门的栉水母,统称为小型水母[1, 4],是海洋浮游动物中重要的肉食性类群。部分研究发现,小型水母能摄食浮游桡足类、鱼卵及仔稚鱼,这可能对渔业资源产生一定负面影响[5-6]。自20世纪90年代,在世界部分海湾、区域[7-8]及我国近海水母暴发频繁[9],逐渐成为全球性的生态环境问题[10],严重影响海洋渔业生产以及海洋生态功能等[2, 11]。另外水母也是威胁核电冷源安全的风险生物之一,其大量暴发会影响到使用海水冷却的核电冷源系统运行,严重时甚至使核电海水冷源系统瘫痪[12],国内约59%的取水堵塞事件由水母造成[8]。水母的暴发往往和全球变暖、海域富营养化和沿海建设等相关[10],引发的社会与经济问题受到各界的广泛关注。一般而言,水母暴发主要指大型水母暴发,但近年研究发现,我国近海海域特别是海湾内小型水母也有暴发的趋势[4, 13-14]。小型水母—球型侧腕水母(Pleurobrachia globosa)已被列为宁德海域核电[15]及辽宁红沿河核电[16]冷源风险致灾海洋生物。
渤海西南部海域浮游动物丰富,通过摄食浮游植物进行生长和繁殖,同时也是鱼虾蟹类的重要饵料[17],因此是鱼类等良好的索饵场、产卵场[18],该海域的浮游动物群落特征已有较详细研究[19],但针对该海域小型水母群落特征的研究较少。渤海西南部海域位于天津、河北及山东半包围区域内,近年来随着环渤海地区经济的高速发展,为保障稳定的电力供应,该海域西岸拟投建核电,以海水作为冷却水[20]
本研究选取渤海西南部海域开展调查,分析小型水母类群的分布现状,探究水母类群及优势种的动态变化趋势,分析环境因子对小型水母时空变化的影响机制,推测其对滨海拟建核电生产带来的潜在风险。历史研究主要针对海月水母(Aurelia aurita)、霞水母(Cyanea sp.)等大型水母,鲜有针对小型水母的专项调查,本研究为渤海西南部海域小型水母的生态学研究提供了基础资料,并评估了其潜在风险,以期为今后渤海生态系统的评估提供研究基础。
2020年8月、2020年11月、2021年2月及2021年5月对渤海西南部海域进行4个航次浮游动物调查监测,共计29个站位,见图1
浮游动物采样使用浮游生物网(浅水I型,口径为50 cm,网目孔径为0.505 mm),由底至表垂直拖拽,网收上甲板后用冲水设备自上而下反复冲洗网衣外表面,最后将所有标本转入样品瓶,保存在5%的甲醛海水溶液中,带回实验室分析。将所得样品转移至培养皿中,在体视显微镜下,按个体计数法对小型水母、桡足类等鉴定到种,记录生物密度。站位布设、小型水母丰度分布图由ArcGIS 10.6软件绘制。
环境参数包括水深、海水表层温度、盐度、pH、溶解氧含量、化学需氧量、磷酸盐含量、无机氮含量,各环境要素样品均使用CTD(型号CTD48M)采样,其中水深、水温、盐度数据使用CTD测得,其他环境要素样品带回实验室,分析方法详见表1
小型水母优势种使用物种优势度指数(Y[21]进行计算,见式(1);相邻季节间小型水母种类更替率使用种类更替率(R[22]进行计算,见式(2)。
$ Y=P_i\times F\text{,} $
$ R=[(a+b-2c)/(a+b-c)]\times 100{\text{%}}\text{,} $
式中,Y为物种优势度指数,当Y>0.02时,该种即为该海域优势种[4]F为该种的出现频率;Pi=ni/N,其中,ni是第i个物种的个体数,N是全部物种的个体数;R为种类更替率;a、b分别为相邻两个季节的种类数;c为相邻两个季节共同的种类数。
使用Canoco 5.0软件对夏季、秋季、冬季、春季4个航次的小型水母优势种丰度与桡足类丰度、环境变量的关系进行分析,先对数据进行去趋势对应分析(DCA),结果建议采用典范对应分析(CCA),物种矩阵经lg(x+1)转换,经蒙特卡罗检验,探究环境因子、桡足类对小型水母丰度变化的影响;使用SPSS 18.0软件进行单因素方差分析(One-way ANOVA),分析4个季节环境要素的差异性。
2020−2021年渤海西南部海域4个航次共鉴定出小型水母13种,包括11种水螅水母、2种栉水母。在小型水母的种类组成上,水螅水母占84.62%,栉水母占15.38%。
2020年8月(夏季)共鉴定出9种,包括8种水螅水母及1种栉水母,高手水母(Bougainvillia sp.)、灯塔水母(Turritopsis nutricula)、锡兰和平水母(Eirene ceylonensis)仅于夏季出现;2020年11月(秋季)共鉴定出7种,包括5种水螅水母及2种栉水母,其中四手触丝水母(Lovenella assimilis)及蝶水母(Ocyropsis crystallina)仅在秋季出现;2021年2月(冬季)共鉴定出2种,均为水螅水母;2021年5月(春季)共鉴定出4种,均为水螅水母,其中小介螅水母(Hydractinia minima)仅在春季出现,种类组成详见表2
夏、秋、冬、春4个季节间的种类组成更替率分别为:夏秋54.54%,秋冬100%,冬春80.00%,春夏81.82%,平均更替率为79.09%,季节之间存在种类更替,夏季到秋季的种类更替率最低。参照物种更替率,计算各季节优势种季节更替率,夏秋66.67%,秋冬100%,冬春100%,春夏100%,平均更替率为91.67%,优势种存在季节更替。
调查海域4个航次共出现5种优势种,小型水母的优势种结构季节演替非常明显。球型侧腕水母是夏季、秋季第一优势种;八斑芮氏水母在冬季为优势种;春季第一优势种为嵊山秀氏水母。各季度优势种优势度、丰度占比及出现率详见表3
本年度调查渤海西南部小型水母夏季、秋季、冬季、春季的平均丰度分别为30.78 ind./m3、12.08 ind./m3、0.57 ind./m3、30.74 ind./m3,春季和夏季小型水母丰度总体较高,秋季和冬季水母丰度总体较低(图2)。
本年度调查发现,调查海域沿岸和中部小型水母丰度比较高。夏季水母丰度最高,高值区位于黄骅港北至天津南港附近,向外水母丰度先逐渐降低又逐渐升高,至渤海湾中部,主要优势种类为球型侧腕水母和锡兰和平水母。秋季高值区位于黄骅港东南侧海域,主要优势种类为球型侧腕水母,另外渤海湾中部水母种群丰度较高,黄骅港西北侧海域水母种群丰度较低。冬季水母丰度为一年中最低,小型水母主要分布于天津南港南侧海域,主要种类为八斑芮氏水母。春季高值区位于黄骅港西北侧、天津南港东侧及调查海域中部,主要优势种类为嵊山秀氏水母。
调查海域29个站位,水深变化范围为2.0~16.0 m,由近岸向中部海域呈现递增趋势。水温季节间呈极显著差异(p<0.01),夏季水温最高,冬季水温最低;全年盐度平均为31.4,冬季盐度最高,夏季最低;pH全年平均为8.18,秋季最高,夏季最低;溶解氧含量全年平均为8.73 mg/L,化学需氧量全年平均为1.20 mg/L;磷酸盐含量全年平均为7.00 μg/L,无机氮含量全年平均为196.17 μg/L。本年度调查的浮游动物丰度及各项海洋环境要素详细数据见表4,各要素在季节之间均存在极显著性差异(p<0.01)。
由CCA可知,蒙特卡罗检验结果显著(p=0.004),小型水母呈现明显的季节特征,其季节变化特点与环境因子显著相关(图3)。两个排序轴的特征值分别为0.67和0.12,小型水母丰度与环境因子排序轴的相关系数为0.899和0.427。水温(WT)与第一排序轴呈最大正相关(0.791 2),盐度(S)与第一排序轴呈最大负相关(−0.597 5),说明影响渤海西南部小型水母季节变化的主要影响因子是水温和盐度。
图3中,根据小型水母季节样本与环境因子分布特点,春季样本主要分布在第二主轴的右侧,在第一主轴上下均有分布,推断水温、无机氮含量、磷酸盐含量是春季群落主要影响因子;夏季样本主要分布在第二主轴的左侧下方,推断桡足类丰度是夏季主要影响因子;秋季调查样本与盐度、溶解氧含量、pH分布在第二主轴左侧上方,溶解氧含量与第一主轴相关系数为−0.302 9,pH与第一主轴的相关系数为−0.244 8,推断盐度与溶解氧含量、pH等环境因子相比,对秋季小型水母群落结构影响更大,是其主要影响因子;冬季水母出现较少,各环境因子未形成明显的影响趋势。
渤海西南部海域小型水母的群落组成为水螅水母和栉水母,生态类型为温带近岸低盐型。4个季节间的种类组成更替率分别为:夏秋间为54.54%、秋冬间为100%、冬春间为80.00%、春夏间为81.82%;优势种季节更替率为夏秋66.67%、秋冬100%、冬春100%、春夏100%。不同季节的种类组成和优势种均呈现明显演替,与季节温度、盐度的变化密切相关[11]。春季、冬季共同优势种类八斑芮氏水母是低温种,在我国沿海主要分布于黄海以北,渤海最多,该种类在渤海1−5月份占有绝对优势[23-24],历史调查数据显示,1959年及1992−1993年两次对渤海进行调查发现2月为八斑芮氏水母密度的最高峰,密度占比达到99.9%以上,在4月份最低,5月份又回升形成一个小峰,密度占比80.8%以上,6月份后不再出现[23]。2014年5月对渤海湾北部海域的调查中发现了较多八斑芮氏水母[25]。本次在2021年2月(冬季)和2021年5月(春季)的调查中发现,八斑芮氏水母冬季密度占比为82.27%,出现率为20.69%;春季密度占比为26.15%,站位出现率为17.24%,与以往调查结果相近。
嵊山秀氏水母是春季优势种,该种类在渤海、黄海、东海均有分布[26]。嵊山秀氏水母主要分布在温度为17~18℃,盐度为30~31.5的海域[27],本次春季调查温度为17.16℃,盐度为31.46,本年度调查结果与历史调查相近,春季适宜的温度、盐度促使嵊山秀氏水母成为优势种。
夏季、秋季的优势种类球型侧腕水母属于广温性浮游动物,是适应环境能力较强的种类[28]。根据张金标[29]的研究可知,球型侧腕水母出现的水温(表层)范围为10.3~30.6℃,当水温高于25.5℃,球型侧腕水母的分布范围极其广泛。本年度夏季调查发现,海水的平均水温为27.69℃,平均盐度为30.95,属于球型侧腕水母适宜的生活环境。另外张金标[29]指出,球型侧腕水母在温度降低时,会受到盐度的影响,当水温平均仅为13.2℃时,栉水母(球型侧腕水母)较集中于盐度高于31的水域。秋季航次环境现状与该调查环境现状相近,秋季调查平均水温为12.56℃,平均盐度为31.24,因此本年度调查夏季及秋季水体环境适合球型侧腕水母生长。
夏季另外两种优势种分别为半球美螅水母和锡兰和平水母,半球美螅水母夏季丰度占比11.59%,锡兰和平水母丰度占比35.17%。这两种水母在我国海域均有分布[30]。以往调查也证实,半球美螅水母在渤海为丰度较高的种类[31],1959年夏季调查中美螅水母属丰度达到渤海水母类丰度的68.9%[23],在初夏半球美螅水母成为黄海浮游动物中的优势种[32]。锡兰和平水母属于和平水母属,是渤海夏秋季的常见种类。在1959年及1992年调查中发现,7–8月份是该属在全年丰度最高的时期,1992年8月份在渤海湾内还出现了丰度大于25 ind./m3的高密集区[23],丰度占比达到80.9%。本年度夏季调查发现,小型水母优势种的季节变化特征与以往调查结论基本相近[23, 27, 29]
研究表明,球型侧腕水母已被列为宁德海域核电冷源风险致灾海洋生物[15],是辽宁红沿河核电冷源取水区的“高”风险生物[16]。本研究发现,夏季与秋季调查获得球型侧腕水母,夏季站位出现率为86.21%,秋季为82.76%,冬季和春季未见风险种类。张国辉等[33]对北方核电厂取水口堵塞原因分析中发现,球型侧腕水母在6月、9月份对北方核电厂取水口的影响大,与本调查的评估结果相近。
通过对国内外取水堵塞事件调查可知,影响核电冷源系统的致灾海洋大型水母主要为海月水母(Aurelia aurita[34]、沙海蜇(Rhopilema esculentum)、白色霞水母(Cyanea nozakii[33, 35]及狮鬃水母(Cyanea capillata[8]。渤海西南部海域大型水母主要是沙海蜇、海月水母[36],出现时间一般为6−9月[37];2013年秦皇岛附近海月水母最大丰度为1 500×104 ind./km2,沙海蜇密度3×104 ind./km2[37]。2018年6月发现渤海湾东南部海域海月水母丰度达221.21 ind./(net·h),渤海湾外侧、渤海中部海域沙海蜇丰度为(3.68±3.34) ind./(net·h)[38]
由此推测渤海西南部海域拟建核电在夏季、秋季存在一定风险,应重点关注球型侧腕水母、沙海蜇及海月水母。
小型水母营浮游生活,对环境较为敏感,其生长、繁殖以及种群结构与其所处水团的温度、盐度密切相关[4, 39]。CCA发现水温、盐度与水母丰度变化呈最大相关,说明本年度调查水温和盐度是影响小型水母丰度季节变化主要环境因子。
渤海西南部海域的小型水母丰度呈现明显季节性差异,具体表现为夏高冬低,该分布特点与其他中高纬度海区小型水母季节分布特点相吻合[40-41],该分布特点与该水域季节性温度差异密切相关(表4),本年度调查夏季航次水温(27.69℃)达全年四季中最高值,小型水母平均丰度亦达全年四季中最高30.78 ind./m3,夏季为高温适应的小型水母提供了适宜的生长和繁殖条件[4, 25]。其次为春季,春季温度(17.16℃)回升,促进浮游动物的生长繁殖[14, 25]。秋季水温为12.56℃,小型水母平均丰度为12.08 ind./m3,伴随着水温降低,冬季(水温为2.69℃)小型水母平均丰度为0.57 ind./m3。其他调查区域也发现小型水母丰度主要受水温变化的影响,2003−2013年胶州湾浮游动物调查中,胶州湾湾北与湾中调查区域小型水母类丰度与海水温度均呈正相关关系[10];2002−2003年长江口及邻近海域全年小型水母丰度与表层温度呈显著正相关[4]。温度直接影响生物有机体的体温,体温的高低又决定了浮游动物新陈代谢、发育速度、繁殖等,从而影响浮游动物的生物量和分布[42]
在CCA中发现盐度与水母丰度变化呈最大负相关。盐度与大部分物种的丰度呈负相关[43],胶州湾浮游动物调查中[10],也发现小型水母类丰度与盐度呈负相关关系。本年度调查发现,渤海西南部海域出现的小型水母主要是广温、低盐的近岸类群,由此推断,除了温度以外,盐度可能限制了小型水母丰度的增长。盐度变化可影响小型水母的浮力、繁殖和摄食率[44-45],除了食物和温度,盐度也是影响调查海域小型水母丰度水平分布的主要因子[4]
本年度研究发现,春季、夏季水母平均丰度较高,CCA中夏季小型水母丰度与小型桡足类丰度显著正相关,说明桡足类种群在夏季的扩大为水母种群的壮大提供了丰富的饵料基础。其他调查中同样发现,小型桡足类如小拟哲水蚤等是小型水母的重要饵料[24, 46]。小型桡足类旺发,为小型水母提供了丰富的饵料[4]
春季环境因子与水母季节动态相关性分析,发现除水温外,营养盐(无机氮、磷酸盐)含量也是影响春季小型水母丰度的环境因子。春季水温回升,适宜的温度与营养盐含量促进浮游植物及浮游动物增长[14],在对温州近岸的调查中也发现春季浮游动物群落结构主要与营养盐含量有关[47],因此推测,浮游动物增加,为水母提供了食物,间接影响水母丰度。
相较于其他海洋生物,水母类耐受低氧能力较强,可出现在溶氧含量低于2.0 mg/L的水域[48-49],另外pH对水母繁育的影响不大[48],水母在pH为6~10时均正常生长繁殖[49]。CCA发现,秋季样本与盐度、溶解氧含量、pH分布于同一象限,但是pH与第一主轴的相关系数为−0.244 8,溶解氧含量与第一主轴相关系数为−0.302 9,盐度与其呈最大负相关。因此判断盐度与溶解氧含量、pH等环境因子相比,对秋季小型水母群落结构影响更大,是其主要影响因子。
小型水母季节群落变化主要受水温和盐度影响;夏季小型水母丰度与桡足类丰度呈正相关,桡足类为小型水母类群提供了食物,促进夏季水母的生长;春季适宜的温度与营养盐含量促进小型水母的增长,是影响春季小型水母主要环境因子;秋季群落主要受盐度的影响。
通过分析渤海西南部海域小型水母类群落结构与环境因子的关系,得出以下结论:
(1)该调查海域小型水母种类组成数量、优势种组成和丰度分布均存在明显季节变化,全年调查共发现小型水母13种,春、夏、秋、冬首要优势种分别为嵊山秀氏水母、球型侧腕水母、球型侧腕水母、八斑芮氏水母,优势种季节演替明显;丰度均值分别为30.74 ind./m3、30.78 ind./m3、12.08 ind./m3、0.57 ind./m3
(2)小型水母季节动态变化主要受水温和盐度影响;夏季桡足类为小型水母类群提供了食物,促进夏季水母的生长;春季适宜的温度与营养盐含量促进小型水母的增长;秋季群落主要受盐度的影响。
(3)渤海西南部海域滨海核电冷源风险种球型侧腕水母(Pleurobrachia globosa)出现在夏季与秋季,应加强夏、秋季小型水母监测。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2019YFC1407903);自然资源部北海局海洋科技项目(202202);北海分局海洋科技项目(202001)。
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2023年第45卷第3期
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doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023012
  • 接收时间:2022-05-12
  • 首发时间:2025-12-26
  • 出版时间:2023-03-01
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  • 收稿日期:2022-05-12
  • 修回日期:2022-07-18
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国家重点研发计划(2019YFC1407903);自然资源部北海局海洋科技项目(202202);北海分局海洋科技项目(202001)。
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    1 国家海洋局北海环境监测中心,山东 青岛 266033
    2 自然资源部渤海生态预警与保护修复重点实验室,山东 青岛 266033
    3 山东省海洋生态环境与防灾减灾重点实验室,山东 青岛 266061

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*齐衍萍,高级工程师,主要从事海洋生态研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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