Article(id=1211299027040203573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1211299024825611053, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12284/hyxb2023032, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1660060800000, receivedDateStr=2022-08-10, revisedDate=1663776000000, revisedDateStr=2022-09-22, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766725792893, onlineDateStr=2025-12-26, pubDate=1677600000000, pubDateStr=2023-03-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766725792893, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766725792893, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766725792893, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1211299024825611053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2023', volume='45', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='158', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766725792365, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766924576395, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1212132785515532522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1211299024825611053, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1212132785515532523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1211299024825611053, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=52, endPage=65, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1211299027245724472, articleId=1211299027040203573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Species composition and distribution characteristic of fish eggs and larvae based on DNA barcoding technology of the Zhujiang River Estuary in spring, columnId=1194652705852465724, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to improve the success rate and accuracy of species identification of fish eggs and larvae, fish eggs and larvae samples collected from the Zhujiang River Estuary in spring were identified by DNA barcoding technology based on the mitochondrial COⅠand 12S rRNA genes. A total of 391 samples were amplified and 60 species in 7 orders, 25 families, 42 genera were successfully identified (2 species were not identified). Among them, Perciformes had the most species and quantity accounting for 51.6% and 47.91% respectively, followed by Clupeiformes with 25% and 34.56% respectively. There were 10 dominant species, among which Coilia mystus had the highest dominance of 0.071, Collichthys lucidus had the lowest dominance of 0.014. The amplification results of COⅠand 12S rRNA gene fragments showed that the success rate of 12S rRNA gene amplification in eggs and larvae (95.60%) was significantly higher than that of COⅠgene (43.22%). Genetic distance and ABGD analysis showed that the intraspecies genetic distance of COⅠ gene was 0−0.005 (average was 0.003), and the interspecific genetic distance was 0.061−0.376 (average was 0.253), and there was an obvious “barcode gap” between them. The intraspecific genetic distance of 12S rRNA gene was 0−0.011 (average was 0.007), and the interspecific genetic distance was 0.007−0.487(average was 0.283). which do not form a “barcode gap” between the interspecific and intraspecies genetic distances. The Bayesian phylogenetic tree based on COⅠ and 12S rRNA genes showed that all species could be clustered into independent branches and can be effectively distinguished. The above results show that both COⅠ gene and 12S rRNA gene can be used for the identification of most fish eggs and larvae, but the success rate of COⅠ gene amplification is low, and it is difficult to distinguish some closely related species of 12S rRNA gene. The combined use of the two genes can improve the success rate and accuracy of species identification of fish eggs and larvae.

, correspAuthors=Zuozhi Chen, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2023 Pratacultural Science. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xiaolan Kong, Shuai Zhang, Zuozhi Chen, Zhaojin Lin, Peiwen Jiang, Yan’e Jiang), CN=ArticleExt(id=1211299028394963812, articleId=1211299027040203573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=基于DNA条形码技术的珠江口春季鱼卵和仔稚鱼种类组成和分布特征的研究, columnId=1149698756456657529, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

采用线粒体COⅠ和12S rRNA基因片段作为DNA条形码,分析珠江口春季鱼卵和仔稚鱼种类组成和分布特征,并探究两种条形码在鱼卵和仔稚鱼种类鉴定中的适用性。研究共扩增样本391个,成功鉴定的鱼卵和仔稚鱼共7目25科42属60种(2种未鉴定到种)。其中,以鲈形目(Perciformes)种类和数量最多,种类数占比为51.6%,数量占比为47.91%;其次为鲱形目(Clupeiformes),种类数占比为25%,数量占比为34.56%。优势种10种,其中凤鲚(Coilia mystus)优势度最高,为0.071;棘头梅童鱼(Collichthys lucidus)最低,为0.014。COⅠ和12S rRNA基因片段扩增结果显示,鱼卵和仔稚鱼12S rRNA基因片段扩增成功率(95.60%)明显高于COⅠ基因(43.22%)。遗传距离和ABGD分析显示,COⅠ基因种内遗传距离为0~0.005(平均0.003),种间遗传距离为0.061~0.376(平均0.253),两者间存在明显的“条形码间隙”,ABGD划分结果与数据库比对结果一致;12S rRNA基因种内遗传距离为0~0.011(平均0.007),种间遗传距离为0.007~0.487(平均0.283),龟鰉(Chelon haematocheila)和前鳞龟鰉(Chelon affinis)种间遗传距离与种内遗传距离不形成“条形码间隙”,ABGD将其划分为同一种。系统发育分析显示,在种的分类阶元,所有物种均能聚为独立分支,得到有效区分。综上,线粒体COⅠ和12S rRNA条形码可有效鉴定珠江口大多数鱼卵和仔稚鱼,但是COⅠ基因扩增成功率较低,12S rRNA基因部分近缘物种存在区分困难的情况,两种基因结合使用更能提高鱼卵和仔稚鱼种类鉴定的成功率和准确性。

, correspAuthors=陈作志, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*陈作志,男,研究员,主要从事海洋生态和渔业资源研究。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《海洋学报》编辑部 2023, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=liScyf2ohBgRaiRbz7BQwg==, magXml=FXCGt2yQ+AsYY58kFWUNVQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=5fEz6zISn6lwkrlqh0FBKg==, pdfFileSize=1228490, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=FlzRTK4LStdvEHTNG18fEQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=kCGFjVpR3YOdh8xV+IjEHw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

孔啸兰(1986-),女,河南省汤阴县人,助理研究员,主要从事渔业资源和分子生物学研究。E-mail:

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孔啸兰(1986-),女,河南省汤阴县人,助理研究员,主要从事渔业资源和分子生物学研究。E-mail:

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South China Fisheries Science, 2021, 17(6): 12−21., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1215304254017946272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299027040203573, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=广东省重点领域研发计划(2020B1111030001);南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州)人才团队引进重大专项(GML2019ZD0605);中国水产科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2020TD05)。, fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1215304247919427984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299027040203573, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215304247923622289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299027040203573, companyId=1215304247919427984, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 农业农村部外海渔业可持续利用重点实验室,广东 广州 510300)]), AuthorCompany(id=1215304248041062805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299027040203573, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215304248045257111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299027040203573, companyId=1215304248041062805, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Open-sea Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou 510300, China)]), AuthorCompany(id=1215304248133337502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299027040203573, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215304248141726112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299027040203573, companyId=1215304248133337502, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州),广东 广州 511458)]), AuthorCompany(id=1215304248250778020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299027040203573, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215304248259166628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299027040203573, companyId=1215304248250778020, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1215304252365390429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299027040203573, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Sampling stations in the Zhujiang River Estuary, figureFileSmall=LcBC2waiIi5gwvd5o8sacg==, figureFileBig=AOWCtUVcs0H4tG9tXt9eFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215304252466053730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299027040203573, language=CN, label=图1, caption=珠江口采样站位, figureFileSmall=LcBC2waiIi5gwvd5o8sacg==, figureFileBig=AOWCtUVcs0H4tG9tXt9eFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215304252587688553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299027040203573, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Partition results of COⅠ sequence (a) and 12S rRNA sequence (b) by ABGD method, figureFileSmall=tpn9fWTGGCc/W/+c2OpIOQ==, figureFileBig=7rwZ6KrcOZXMfktk8ebdRQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215304252667380334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299027040203573, language=CN, label=图2, caption=ABGD方法对COⅠ序列(a)和12S rRNA序列(b)的划分结果, figureFileSmall=tpn9fWTGGCc/W/+c2OpIOQ==, figureFileBig=7rwZ6KrcOZXMfktk8ebdRQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215304252747072113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299027040203573, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Phylogenetic tree based on COⅠ sequences

The DNA identification from ABGD is consistent with the number of identified species and are not displayed through the red dot

, figureFileSmall=pf4LiU0S4wqd/ZkRFvwelw==, figureFileBig=SwwOCKi8bxlHpNDfE/vUcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215304252843541110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299027040203573, language=CN, label=图3, caption=基于COⅠ序列构建的系统发育树

ABGD的DNA鉴定与比对鉴定物种数目一致,未用红点显示出

, figureFileSmall=pf4LiU0S4wqd/ZkRFvwelw==, figureFileBig=SwwOCKi8bxlHpNDfE/vUcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215304252935815803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299027040203573, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Phylogenetic tree based on 12S rRNA sequences

The DNA identification from ABGD is displayed on the periphery through the red dot

, figureFileSmall=UMRPioR1AmQh4SdHCQF1Qw==, figureFileBig=YoGG+twvkYNlKJ01m7nwBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215304253078422140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299027040203573, language=CN, label=图4, caption=基于12S rRNA序列构建的系统发育树

ABGD的DNA鉴定通过红色圆点显示在外围

, figureFileSmall=UMRPioR1AmQh4SdHCQF1Qw==, figureFileBig=YoGG+twvkYNlKJ01m7nwBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215304253200056962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299027040203573, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Specific sampling time and stations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
站位采样时间水深/m表层盐度
D12020年4月3日241.45
D22020年4月3日157.85
D32020年4月2日66.95
D42020年4月2日1025.6
D52020年4月1日6.58
D62020年4月1日923.57
D72020年4月1日2432.52
D82020年3月31日1328.82
D92020年3月31日1827.82
), ArticleFig(id=1215304253279748742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299027040203573, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

具体采样时间和站位

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
站位采样时间水深/m表层盐度
D12020年4月3日241.45
D22020年4月3日157.85
D32020年4月2日66.95
D42020年4月2日1025.6
D52020年4月1日6.58
D62020年4月1日923.57
D72020年4月1日2432.52
D82020年3月31日1328.82
D92020年3月31日1827.82
), ArticleFig(id=1215304253502046857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299027040203573, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Species and quantity of eggs and larvae at different stations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
站位总扩增数有效数种类数
鱼卵仔稚鱼鱼卵仔稚鱼鱼卵仔稚鱼
D142442453
D239038090
D331172817147
D4400400150
D5408408144
D6401401201
D7420420180
D8405365183
D9384374104
总计35239343395215
), ArticleFig(id=1215304253594321550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299027040203573, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同站位鱼卵及仔稚鱼种类和数量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
站位总扩增数有效数种类数
鱼卵仔稚鱼鱼卵仔稚鱼鱼卵仔稚鱼
D142442453
D239038090
D331172817147
D4400400150
D5408408144
D6401401201
D7420420180
D8405365183
D9384374104
总计35239343395215
), ArticleFig(id=1215304253682401942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299027040203573, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Species composition and quantity distribution of fish eggs and larvae in Zhujiang River Estuary in spring

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样本量/个相似度/%站位
12S rRNACOⅠD1D2D3D4D5D6D7D8D9
注:●表示本种类在本站位数量占比为50%~100%;◎表示本种类在本站位数量占比为10%~50%;○表示本种类在本站位数量占比为0~10%(不包括0);─表示未扩增成功或本种类在本站位无。
鲱形目
Clupeiformes
锯腹鳓科
Pristigasteridae
鳓属
Ilisha
鳓鱼
Ilisha elongata
110099.85
鳀科
Engraulidae
棱鳀属
Thryssa
黄吻棱鳀
Thryssa vitrirostris
610099.82
赤鼻棱鳀
Thryssa kammalensis
6100
杜氏棱鳀
Thryssa dussumieri
410099.85
汉氏棱鳀
Thryssa hamiltonii
1100100
侧带小公鱼属
Stolephorus
岛屿侧带小公鱼
Stolephorus insularis
20100100
康氏侧带小公鱼
Stolephorus commersonnii
110099.40
鲚属
Coilia
凤鲚
Coilia mystus
61100100
鲱科
Clupeidae
小沙丁鱼属
Sardinella
黄泽小沙丁鱼
Sardinella lemuru
17100
隆背小沙丁鱼
Sardinella gibbosa
4100
裘氏小沙丁鱼
Sardinella jussieu
2100
斑鰶属
Konosirus
斑鰶
Konosirus punctatus
199
海鰶属
Nematalosa
日本海鰶
Nematalosa japonica
2100100
高鼻海鰶
Nematalosa nasus
1100100
鰶属
Clupanodon
花鰶
Clupanodon thrissa
5100
胡瓜鱼目
Osmeriformes
胡瓜鱼科
Osmeridae
银鱼属
Salanx
居氏银鱼
Salanx cuvieri
19999.69
仙女鱼目
Aulopiformes
狗母鱼科
Synodontidae
蛇鲻属
Saurida
多齿蛇鲻
Saurida tumbil
210099.84
龙头鱼属
Harpadon
龙头鱼
Harpadon nehereus
1100100
鲻形目
Mugiliformes
鲻科
Mugilidae
莫鲻属
Moolgarda
长鳍莫鲻
Moolgarda cunnesius
6100100
龟鰉属
Chelon
龟鰉
Chelon haematocheila
9100100
前鳞龟鰉
Chelon affinis
1100100
鲉形目Scorpaeniformes鲉科
Scorpaenidae
鬼鲉属
Inimicus
日本鬼鲉
Inimicus japonicus
110099.84
鲬科
Platycephalidae
鳄鲬属
Cociella
鳄鲬
Cociella crocodilus
2100100
瞳鲬属
Inegocia
日本瞳鲬
Inegocia japonica
9100100
鲈形目
Perciformes
双边鱼科
Ambassidae
双边鱼属
Ambassis
裸头双边鱼
Ambassis gymnocephalus
11100100
鮨科
Serranidae
石斑鱼属
Epinephelus
斑带石斑鱼
Epinephelus fasciatomaculosus
3100
天竺鲷科
Apogonidae
天竺鲷属
Apogon
宽条天竺鲷
Apogon fasciatus
1100100
鱚科
Sillaginidae
鱚属
Sillago
多鳞鱚
Sillago sihama
5100100
少鳞鱚
Sillago japonica
1100100
鲾科
Leiognathidae
项鲾属
Nuchequula
项斑项鲾
Nuchequula nuchalis
18100100
光胸鲾属
Photopectoralis
黄斑光胸鲾
Photopectoralis bindus
4100100
银鲈科
Gerreidae
银鲈属
Gerres
红尾银鲈
Gerres erythrourus
6100100
仿石鲈科
Haemulidae
少棘胡椒鲷属
Diagramma
密點少棘胡椒鲷
Diagramma picta
8100100
矶鲈属
Parapristipoma
三线矶鲈
Parapristipoma trilineatum
2100100
金线鱼科
Nemipteridae
金线鱼属
Nemipterus
日本金线鱼
Nemipterus japonicus
28100100
鲷科
Sparidae
棘鲷属
Acanthopagrus
灰鳍棘鲷
Acanthopagrus berda
1100100
黑棘鲷
Acanthopagrus schlegelii
4100100
太平洋棘鲷
Acanthopagrus pacificus
1299100
石首鱼科
Sciaenidae

387.5
牙鱛属
Otolithes
红牙鱛
Otolithes ruber
310099.64
黄姑鱼属
Nibea
黄姑鱼
Nibea albiflora
3100100
梅童鱼属
Collichthys
棘头梅童鱼
Collichthys lucidus
24100100
白姑鱼属
Pennahia
截尾白姑鱼
Pennahia anea
199
叫姑鱼属
Johnius
叫姑鱼
Johnius grypotus
18100
卡氏叫姑鱼
Johnius carouna
410099.83
皮氏叫姑鱼
Johnius belangerii
5100
屈氏叫姑鱼
Johnius trewavasae
3100
枝鳔石首鱼属
Dendrophysa
勒氏枝鳔石首鱼
Dendrophysa russelii
110099.85
隆头鱼科
Labridae
海猪鱼属
Halichoeres
黑带海猪鱼
Halichoeres nigrescens
4100100
鳚科
Blenniidae
宽颌鳚属
Laiphognathus
长棘宽颌鳚
Laiphognathus longispinis
1100100
肩鳃鳚属
Omobranchus
斑头肩鳃鳚
Omobranchus fasciolatoceps
110099.69
斑點肩鰓鳚
Omobranchus punctatus
199.84
鴨科
Callionymidae
斜棘鴨属
Repomucenus
斜棘鴨属未定种
Repomucenus sp.
1100100
虾虎鱼科
Gobiidae
狼牙虾虎鱼属
Odontamblyopus
红狼牙虾虎鱼
Odontamblyopus rubicundus
5100
鲳科
Stromateidae
鲳属
Pampus
灰鲳
Pampus cinereus
1100
鲽形目
Pleuronectiformes
鳎科
Soleidae
鳎属
Solea
卵鳎
Solea ovata
12100100
舌鳎科
Cynoglossidae
舌鳎属
Cynoglossus
中华舌鳎
Cynoglossus sinicus
14100
长体舌鳎
Cynoglossus lingua
1100
斑头舌鳎
Cynoglossus puncticeps
1100
巨鳞舌鳎
Cynoglossus macrolepidotus
7100100
), ArticleFig(id=1215304253791453849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299027040203573, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

珠江口春季鱼卵及仔稚鱼种类组成和数量分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样本量/个相似度/%站位
12S rRNACOⅠD1D2D3D4D5D6D7D8D9
注:●表示本种类在本站位数量占比为50%~100%;◎表示本种类在本站位数量占比为10%~50%;○表示本种类在本站位数量占比为0~10%(不包括0);─表示未扩增成功或本种类在本站位无。
鲱形目
Clupeiformes
锯腹鳓科
Pristigasteridae
鳓属
Ilisha
鳓鱼
Ilisha elongata
110099.85
鳀科
Engraulidae
棱鳀属
Thryssa
黄吻棱鳀
Thryssa vitrirostris
610099.82
赤鼻棱鳀
Thryssa kammalensis
6100
杜氏棱鳀
Thryssa dussumieri
410099.85
汉氏棱鳀
Thryssa hamiltonii
1100100
侧带小公鱼属
Stolephorus
岛屿侧带小公鱼
Stolephorus insularis
20100100
康氏侧带小公鱼
Stolephorus commersonnii
110099.40
鲚属
Coilia
凤鲚
Coilia mystus
61100100
鲱科
Clupeidae
小沙丁鱼属
Sardinella
黄泽小沙丁鱼
Sardinella lemuru
17100
隆背小沙丁鱼
Sardinella gibbosa
4100
裘氏小沙丁鱼
Sardinella jussieu
2100
斑鰶属
Konosirus
斑鰶
Konosirus punctatus
199
海鰶属
Nematalosa
日本海鰶
Nematalosa japonica
2100100
高鼻海鰶
Nematalosa nasus
1100100
鰶属
Clupanodon
花鰶
Clupanodon thrissa
5100
胡瓜鱼目
Osmeriformes
胡瓜鱼科
Osmeridae
银鱼属
Salanx
居氏银鱼
Salanx cuvieri
19999.69
仙女鱼目
Aulopiformes
狗母鱼科
Synodontidae
蛇鲻属
Saurida
多齿蛇鲻
Saurida tumbil
210099.84
龙头鱼属
Harpadon
龙头鱼
Harpadon nehereus
1100100
鲻形目
Mugiliformes
鲻科
Mugilidae
莫鲻属
Moolgarda
长鳍莫鲻
Moolgarda cunnesius
6100100
龟鰉属
Chelon
龟鰉
Chelon haematocheila
9100100
前鳞龟鰉
Chelon affinis
1100100
鲉形目Scorpaeniformes鲉科
Scorpaenidae
鬼鲉属
Inimicus
日本鬼鲉
Inimicus japonicus
110099.84
鲬科
Platycephalidae
鳄鲬属
Cociella
鳄鲬
Cociella crocodilus
2100100
瞳鲬属
Inegocia
日本瞳鲬
Inegocia japonica
9100100
鲈形目
Perciformes
双边鱼科
Ambassidae
双边鱼属
Ambassis
裸头双边鱼
Ambassis gymnocephalus
11100100
鮨科
Serranidae
石斑鱼属
Epinephelus
斑带石斑鱼
Epinephelus fasciatomaculosus
3100
天竺鲷科
Apogonidae
天竺鲷属
Apogon
宽条天竺鲷
Apogon fasciatus
1100100
鱚科
Sillaginidae
鱚属
Sillago
多鳞鱚
Sillago sihama
5100100
少鳞鱚
Sillago japonica
1100100
鲾科
Leiognathidae
项鲾属
Nuchequula
项斑项鲾
Nuchequula nuchalis
18100100
光胸鲾属
Photopectoralis
黄斑光胸鲾
Photopectoralis bindus
4100100
银鲈科
Gerreidae
银鲈属
Gerres
红尾银鲈
Gerres erythrourus
6100100
仿石鲈科
Haemulidae
少棘胡椒鲷属
Diagramma
密點少棘胡椒鲷
Diagramma picta
8100100
矶鲈属
Parapristipoma
三线矶鲈
Parapristipoma trilineatum
2100100
金线鱼科
Nemipteridae
金线鱼属
Nemipterus
日本金线鱼
Nemipterus japonicus
28100100
鲷科
Sparidae
棘鲷属
Acanthopagrus
灰鳍棘鲷
Acanthopagrus berda
1100100
黑棘鲷
Acanthopagrus schlegelii
4100100
太平洋棘鲷
Acanthopagrus pacificus
1299100
石首鱼科
Sciaenidae

387.5
牙鱛属
Otolithes
红牙鱛
Otolithes ruber
310099.64
黄姑鱼属
Nibea
黄姑鱼
Nibea albiflora
3100100
梅童鱼属
Collichthys
棘头梅童鱼
Collichthys lucidus
24100100
白姑鱼属
Pennahia
截尾白姑鱼
Pennahia anea
199
叫姑鱼属
Johnius
叫姑鱼
Johnius grypotus
18100
卡氏叫姑鱼
Johnius carouna
410099.83
皮氏叫姑鱼
Johnius belangerii
5100
屈氏叫姑鱼
Johnius trewavasae
3100
枝鳔石首鱼属
Dendrophysa
勒氏枝鳔石首鱼
Dendrophysa russelii
110099.85
隆头鱼科
Labridae
海猪鱼属
Halichoeres
黑带海猪鱼
Halichoeres nigrescens
4100100
鳚科
Blenniidae
宽颌鳚属
Laiphognathus
长棘宽颌鳚
Laiphognathus longispinis
1100100
肩鳃鳚属
Omobranchus
斑头肩鳃鳚
Omobranchus fasciolatoceps
110099.69
斑點肩鰓鳚
Omobranchus punctatus
199.84
鴨科
Callionymidae
斜棘鴨属
Repomucenus
斜棘鴨属未定种
Repomucenus sp.
1100100
虾虎鱼科
Gobiidae
狼牙虾虎鱼属
Odontamblyopus
红狼牙虾虎鱼
Odontamblyopus rubicundus
5100
鲳科
Stromateidae
鲳属
Pampus
灰鲳
Pampus cinereus
1100
鲽形目
Pleuronectiformes
鳎科
Soleidae
鳎属
Solea
卵鳎
Solea ovata
12100100
舌鳎科
Cynoglossidae
舌鳎属
Cynoglossus
中华舌鳎
Cynoglossus sinicus
14100
长体舌鳎
Cynoglossus lingua
1100
斑头舌鳎
Cynoglossus puncticeps
1100
巨鳞舌鳎
Cynoglossus macrolepidotus
7100100
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基于DNA条形码技术的珠江口春季鱼卵和仔稚鱼种类组成和分布特征的研究
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孔啸兰 1 , 张帅 1 , 陈作志 1, 2, * , 林昭进 1 , 蒋佩文 1 , 江艳娥 1
海洋学报 | 论文 2023,45(3): 52-65
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海洋学报 | 论文 2023, 45(3): 52-65
基于DNA条形码技术的珠江口春季鱼卵和仔稚鱼种类组成和分布特征的研究
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孔啸兰1 , 张帅1, 陈作志1, 2, * , 林昭进1, 蒋佩文1, 江艳娥1
作者信息
  • 1 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 农业农村部外海渔业可持续利用重点实验室,广东 广州 510300
  • 2 南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州),广东 广州 511458
  • 孔啸兰(1986-),女,河南省汤阴县人,助理研究员,主要从事渔业资源和分子生物学研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*陈作志,男,研究员,主要从事海洋生态和渔业资源研究。E-mail:
Species composition and distribution characteristic of fish eggs and larvae based on DNA barcoding technology of the Zhujiang River Estuary in spring
Xiaolan Kong1 , Shuai Zhang1, Zuozhi Chen1, 2, * , Zhaojin Lin1, Peiwen Jiang1, Yan’e Jiang1
Affiliations
  • 1Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Open-sea Fishery, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou 510300, China
  • 2Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
出版时间: 2023-03-01 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023032
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采用线粒体COⅠ和12S rRNA基因片段作为DNA条形码,分析珠江口春季鱼卵和仔稚鱼种类组成和分布特征,并探究两种条形码在鱼卵和仔稚鱼种类鉴定中的适用性。研究共扩增样本391个,成功鉴定的鱼卵和仔稚鱼共7目25科42属60种(2种未鉴定到种)。其中,以鲈形目(Perciformes)种类和数量最多,种类数占比为51.6%,数量占比为47.91%;其次为鲱形目(Clupeiformes),种类数占比为25%,数量占比为34.56%。优势种10种,其中凤鲚(Coilia mystus)优势度最高,为0.071;棘头梅童鱼(Collichthys lucidus)最低,为0.014。COⅠ和12S rRNA基因片段扩增结果显示,鱼卵和仔稚鱼12S rRNA基因片段扩增成功率(95.60%)明显高于COⅠ基因(43.22%)。遗传距离和ABGD分析显示,COⅠ基因种内遗传距离为0~0.005(平均0.003),种间遗传距离为0.061~0.376(平均0.253),两者间存在明显的“条形码间隙”,ABGD划分结果与数据库比对结果一致;12S rRNA基因种内遗传距离为0~0.011(平均0.007),种间遗传距离为0.007~0.487(平均0.283),龟鰉(Chelon haematocheila)和前鳞龟鰉(Chelon affinis)种间遗传距离与种内遗传距离不形成“条形码间隙”,ABGD将其划分为同一种。系统发育分析显示,在种的分类阶元,所有物种均能聚为独立分支,得到有效区分。综上,线粒体COⅠ和12S rRNA条形码可有效鉴定珠江口大多数鱼卵和仔稚鱼,但是COⅠ基因扩增成功率较低,12S rRNA基因部分近缘物种存在区分困难的情况,两种基因结合使用更能提高鱼卵和仔稚鱼种类鉴定的成功率和准确性。

COⅠ基因  /  12S rRNA基因  /  鱼卵和仔稚鱼  /  DNA条形码

In order to improve the success rate and accuracy of species identification of fish eggs and larvae, fish eggs and larvae samples collected from the Zhujiang River Estuary in spring were identified by DNA barcoding technology based on the mitochondrial COⅠand 12S rRNA genes. A total of 391 samples were amplified and 60 species in 7 orders, 25 families, 42 genera were successfully identified (2 species were not identified). Among them, Perciformes had the most species and quantity accounting for 51.6% and 47.91% respectively, followed by Clupeiformes with 25% and 34.56% respectively. There were 10 dominant species, among which Coilia mystus had the highest dominance of 0.071, Collichthys lucidus had the lowest dominance of 0.014. The amplification results of COⅠand 12S rRNA gene fragments showed that the success rate of 12S rRNA gene amplification in eggs and larvae (95.60%) was significantly higher than that of COⅠgene (43.22%). Genetic distance and ABGD analysis showed that the intraspecies genetic distance of COⅠ gene was 0−0.005 (average was 0.003), and the interspecific genetic distance was 0.061−0.376 (average was 0.253), and there was an obvious “barcode gap” between them. The intraspecific genetic distance of 12S rRNA gene was 0−0.011 (average was 0.007), and the interspecific genetic distance was 0.007−0.487(average was 0.283). which do not form a “barcode gap” between the interspecific and intraspecies genetic distances. The Bayesian phylogenetic tree based on COⅠ and 12S rRNA genes showed that all species could be clustered into independent branches and can be effectively distinguished. The above results show that both COⅠ gene and 12S rRNA gene can be used for the identification of most fish eggs and larvae, but the success rate of COⅠ gene amplification is low, and it is difficult to distinguish some closely related species of 12S rRNA gene. The combined use of the two genes can improve the success rate and accuracy of species identification of fish eggs and larvae.

COⅠgene  /  12S rRNA gene  /  fish eggs and larvae  /  DNA barcoding
孔啸兰, 张帅, 陈作志, 林昭进, 蒋佩文, 江艳娥. 基于DNA条形码技术的珠江口春季鱼卵和仔稚鱼种类组成和分布特征的研究. 海洋学报, 2023 , 45 (3) : 52 -65 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2023032
Xiaolan Kong, Shuai Zhang, Zuozhi Chen, Zhaojin Lin, Peiwen Jiang, Yan’e Jiang. Species composition and distribution characteristic of fish eggs and larvae based on DNA barcoding technology of the Zhujiang River Estuary in spring[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2023 , 45 (3) : 52 -65 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2023032
珠江口位于广东沿海中部,是典型的河口水域,因珠江径流带来了丰富的营养物质,使得该海域水质肥沃、饵料生物丰富,且该海域岛屿众多,生境复杂,是许多经济渔业种类产卵和索饵的重要场所,具有重要的渔业经济和生态保护价值[1]。珠江口水域鱼类种类丰富,据统计共有1 009种,分属2纲,26目,157科,454属,主要是沿岸或河口性中小型鱼类,鲈形目种类占绝对优势[2-3]。鱼卵和仔稚鱼是鱼类早期发育的重要阶段,作为鱼类种群补充的重要来源,鱼卵和仔稚鱼的分布和数量变化是评估水域产卵场、成鱼资源量等非常重要的数据资料[4]。近几十年来,随着环境污染的加剧和海洋捕捞强度的增加,珠江口鱼类群落结构已经发生了变化[3, 5]。同时,因鱼类产卵场等生态环境遭到破坏,鱼卵和仔稚鱼资源亦遭到严重破坏,鱼类产卵场、产卵亲体和幼鱼资源的保护与恢复工作迫在眉睫,而摸清该海域鱼卵和仔稚鱼的种类组成和数量变化是开展保护与恢复工作的重要前提[6]
鱼卵和仔稚鱼的鉴定是渔业资源调查的关键技术。然而传统的形态学鉴定在准确性方面存在很大的局限性。我国已知海洋鱼类已超过3 000种,但是有资料可查的鱼卵和仔稚鱼种类不超过300种,且鱼卵和仔稚鱼的形态学鉴定需要丰富的鉴定经验[7]。DNA条形码技术,因其快速性、准确性和可模式化操作的优势,被迅速地应用于物种分类鉴定和生物多样性的研究,尤其是形态学区分困难的样品,如鱼卵和仔稚鱼等[7-12]。目前应用最广泛的DNA条形码是线粒体细胞色素氧化酶Ⅰ(cytochrome oxidase subunitⅠ, COⅠ)基因片段,Ward等[13]使用COⅠ基因652 bp片段序列鉴定澳大利亚207种鱼类,结果表明COⅠ基因片段能够有效地区分不同物种。近年来,由于环境DNA(environmental DNA,eDNA)技术的发展急需片段更小的微型条形码。Miya等[14]研发了一套12S rRNA基因的环境DNA通用的PCR引物,长度为163~185 bp,检测了230多种亚热带海洋鱼类物种,结果表明除少数近源物种外,该基因片段能够作为条形码有效区分鱼类物种,且对DNA量少且已降解的样品依然能够较好地扩增,尤其适用于鱼卵、仔稚鱼样品。
为了能更准确地了解珠江口鱼卵和仔稚鱼种类组成和分布特征,同时比较两种线粒体条形码对珠江口鱼卵和仔稚鱼鉴定的适用性,本研究选取2020年春季珠江口鱼卵和仔稚鱼为研究对象,采用线粒体COⅠ和12S rRNA基因片段作为条形码,对鱼卵和仔稚鱼样品进行分类鉴定和分析,论证两种条形码对珠江口鱼卵和仔稚鱼鉴定的可行性,为珠江口鱼类产卵场的保护和渔业资源的可持续利用提供数据支撑和理论依据。
鱼卵和仔稚鱼样品分别采用大型浮游生物网于表层水平拖网(拖速2~3节,拖网时长10 min)和上下层垂直拖网采集,采集到的样品用50%酒精固定后带回实验室。采样时间为2020年3月31日至4月3日,共采集9个站位(D1−D9),具体采样时间和站位如表1图1所示。
样品用双蒸水充分浸洗洗脱酒精后,置于1.5 mL离心管中,用海洋动物组织基因组DNA提取试剂盒(天根,中国)提取基因组DNA,之后置于−20℃下保存备用。线粒体COⅠ基因片段扩增引物为Fish-F1:5'-TCAACCAACCACAAAGACATTGGCAC-3' 和 Fish-R1:5'-TAGACTTCTGGGTGGCCAAAGAATCA-3' [12]。线粒体12S rRNA基因片段扩增引物为MiFish-F:5'-GTCGGTAAAACTCGTGCCAGC-3'和MiFish-R:5'-CATAGTGGGGTATCTAATCCCAGTTTG-3' [13]。PCR扩增反应总体积为15 μL,其中包括2×PCR Buffer 7.5 μL,2 mmol/L dNTPs 1 μL,正反向引物(10 μmol/L)各0.4 μL,KOD FX(1 U/μL)0.3 μL,DNA模版1 μL,加双蒸水至15 μL。PCR扩增程序为:98℃预变性2 min;98℃变性10 s,55/50℃退火30 s,68℃延伸40 s,40个循环;68℃延伸10 min。PCR产物经1.2%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测合格后送华大基因公司(深圳)双向测序。
测序结果首先采用DNAstar软件根据峰图进行人工校对和拼接[15]。校对后12S rRNA序列经鱼线粒体基因组数据库(Mitochondrial Genome Database of Fish,MitoFish)比对[16],COⅠ序列经生命条形码数据系统(Barcode of Life Data,BOLD)数据库[17]比对,若无有效比对结果,采用GenBank数据库比对,进行物种鉴定,最后与自建的珠江口鱼类数据库比对校准。遗传相似度≥99%鉴定为同一物种;92%~99%鉴定为同属;85%~92%鉴定为同一科[18-20]。使用MEGA7软件根据Kimura2-Parameter (K2P)双参数模型对种间遗传距离(interspecific genetic distance)和种内遗传距离(intraspecific genetic distance)进行计算[21]。采用ABGD(Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery)软件将全部序列自动分组,将划分在同一组的样本认定为1个种[22]。使用PhyloSuit软件中的MrBayes进行贝叶斯系统发育树构建[23]并使用itol软件对系统发育树进行标记[24]。站位图使用Ocean Data View 软件[25]绘制。物种中文名和拉丁名参照《拉汉世界鱼类系统名典》[26]校正。
鱼卵及仔稚鱼种类优势度采用以下公式计算[27]
$ Y=(N_i/N)\times f_i\text{,} $
式中,Ni为第i种样品数量;N为所有种类样品总数量;fi为第i种样品在所有站位中出现的频率。本研究中取Y≥0.01的种类为优势种[28]
珠江口调查9个站位中,共获得鱼卵352粒,仔稚鱼39条,总计391个样品用于线粒体基因扩增(表2)。最终,线粒体COⅠ基因扩增获得有效序列169条,单倍型74条,鉴定鱼类43种,扩增成功率为43.22%;线粒体12S rRNA基因扩增获得有效序列369条,单倍型79条,鉴定鱼类59种,扩增成功率为95.60%。综合两个基因扩增结果,在总共391个样品中,成功鉴定382个样品,鉴定鱼类60种,扩增成功率为97.70%。
在9个站位,382个有效样品中,共鉴定出60种鱼类,隶属于7目25科42属,58种鱼类鉴定到种,1种鉴定到科(石首鱼科Sciaenidae),1种鉴定到属(斜棘鴨属Repomucenus),见表3。所有样品中,以鲈形目(Perciformes)种类和数量最多,种类数占比为51.6%,数量占比为47.91%,其次为鲱形目(Clupeiformes),种类数占比为25%,数量占比为34.56%。优势种10种,为凤鲚(Coilia mystus)、项斑项鲾(Nuchequula nuchalis)、日本金线鱼(Nemipterus japonicus)、岛屿侧带小公鱼(Stolephorus insularis)、叫姑鱼(Johnius grypotus)、黄泽小沙丁鱼(Sardinella lemuru)、太平洋棘鲷(Acanthopagrus pacificus)、卵鳎(Solea ovata)、中华舌鳎(Cynoglossus sinicus)、棘头梅童鱼(Collichthys lucidus)。其中凤鲚优势度最高,为0.071;棘头梅童鱼最低,为0.014。
所有样品中,样品数最高的科是鳀科(Engraulidae),占样品总数的25.9%,鳀科主要种类为鲚属(Coilia)(61.6%)、侧带小公鱼属(Stolephorus)(21.2%)、棱鳀属(Thryssa)(17.2%),其中鲚属仅有凤鲚一种,占绝对优势;其次为石首鱼科,占样品总数的17%,主要种类为叫姑鱼属(Johnius)(56.2%)和梅童鱼属(Collichthys)(36.9%);再次为鲱科(Clupeidae),占样品总数的32.3%,主要种类为小沙丁鱼属(Sardinella)(71.9%)占绝对优势。此外,样品数较多的科还有金线鱼科(Nemipteridae)、舌鳎科(Cynoglossidae)、鲾科(Leiognathidae)、鲷科(Sparidae)、鲻科(Mugilidae)等,金线鱼科仅有一种日本金线鱼。
鱼卵及仔稚鱼种类数量和分布如表3所示,数量超过站位鱼类数量50%的种类有棘头梅童鱼、凤鲚和日本金线鱼3种,超过10%的种类有12种。不同站位间种类数差异较大,如表2所示D1站最少,仅有鱼卵5种,仔稚鱼3种,D8站最多,有鱼卵18种,仔稚鱼3种。
从生态类型上来看,珠江口春季鱼卵和仔稚鱼主要以河口和近海中小型鱼类为主,主要是暖水性种类,如凤鲚、小沙丁鱼属、叫姑鱼属、日本金线鱼、卵鳎等,部分暖温性种类,如棘头梅童鱼、龟鰉(Chelon haematocheila)、红狼牙虾虎鱼(Odontamblyopus rubicundus)、花鰶(Clupanodon thrissa)等,没有冷水性种类。
169条COⅠ序列比对切齐,获得一致序列长度为650 bp。根据K2P模型计算种内和种间遗传距离。结果显示种内遗传距离为0~0.005,平均为0.003;种间距离为0.061~0.376,平均为0.253。369条12S rRNA序列比对切齐,获得一致序列长度为166~174 bp。根据K2P模型计算种内和种间遗传距离,结果显示种内遗传距离为0~0.011,平均为0.007;种间距离为0.007~0.487,平均为0.283。两个基因片段计算的种内遗传距离均远低于Ratnasingham和Hebert[17]提出的最大种内距离为0.02的标准。COⅠ序列种间平均遗传距离为种内遗传距离的84倍,12S rRNA序列种间平均遗传距离为种内遗传距离的143倍,均符合种间遗传距离要为种内距离的10倍以上的规则[17]。COⅠ序列的最小种间遗传距离远远大于最大种内遗传距离,两者间存在明显的“条形码间隙”。12S rRNA序列的最小种间遗传距离小于最大种内遗传距离,两者间存在交叉重叠,不形成“条形码间隙”。12S rRNA序列的最小种间遗传距离0.007存在于龟鰉和前鳞龟鰉(Chelon affinis)两个种之间,除此外,12S rRNA序列的其他种间遗传距离均大于种内遗传距离且大于0.02。
通过ABGD软件以0.001~0.100先验值P区间对74条COⅠ序列和79条12S rRNA序列单倍型进行划分,结果如图2所示,初始划分结果较为稳定。COⅠ序列74条单倍型序列在先验值P为0.001~0.061 6时被分为43组,结果与数据库比对鉴定种类数一致。12S rRNA序列79条单倍型序列在先验值P为0.001~0.008 9时被分为58组,此结果最接近数据库比对鉴定种类数59种。其中,龟鰉和前鳞龟鰉被分为同一组。
基于COⅠ基因片段构建的贝叶斯系统发育树如图3所示,所有种类能够聚为独立分支,各物种均能得到有效区分。在属的分类阶元上,同属物种均能形成单系支,例如,棱鳀属、棘鲷属(Acanthopagrus)、海鰶属(Nematalosa)等。在科的分类阶元上,同科的物种亦均能形成独立分支,例如,鲷科、鳀科、石首鱼科、鲻科和鳚科(Blenniidae)等。
基于12S rRNA序列构建的贝叶斯系统发育树如图4所示,所有种类能够聚为独立分支,各物种均能得到有效区分。在属的分类阶元上,棱鳀属未能聚为一支外,其他属均聚为一支,例如,叫姑鱼属、舌鳎属、棘鲷属、小沙丁鱼属等。在科的分类阶元上,石首鱼科被分为多支,鲬科( Platycephalidae)2种未聚为一支,其他鲱科、鳀科、鲻科、鲷科、舌鳎科均能聚为一支。
本次调查水域主要包括虎门水道口、伶仃洋水域和部分近岸水域,气候条件与南海北部大陆架相近,鱼类适温类型相似,均以暖水性为主,少量暖温性种类,无冷温性种类。本区域与长江口相比,均属于不同纬度的亚热带河口区,优势种类较为相似,以凤鲚和棘头梅童鱼等小型咸淡水经济种类占优势[29-30]。本次春季调查站位表层水温介于20~21.6℃之间,是鱼类繁殖最适宜的温度,鱼卵和仔稚鱼较为丰富,共鉴定出60种鱼类,隶属于7目25科42属,其中,以鲈形目种类和数量最多,其次为鲱形目,此结果与以往研究结果相一致[31-33]。凤鲚是本次调查主要的优势种之一,仅分布于河口区盐度10以下站位,盐度最低的D1站位最多,说明凤鲚更偏向于低盐度水域。本文与肖瑜璋等[32-33]的珠江口鱼卵仔鱼调查相比,优势种类多了凤鲚和棘头梅童鱼2种典型的河口鱼类,少了虾虎鱼科(Gobiidae)和鴨科(Callionymidae)的种类,这可能与本次调查范围更偏向河口区以及采样时间、方式等不同均存在一定关系。
研究表明,鱼卵和仔稚鱼的组成和分布与水温、盐度等环境因子关系密切,季节变化明显[34-35]。本次调查发现调查水域水温相近,均有利于鱼卵和仔稚鱼的繁殖和生长,鱼卵和仔稚鱼的分布与盐度密切相关。如表1各站位盐度显示,D1站位于虎门水道口,D2、D3、D5站位于西侧珠江入海口区域,受珠江径流影响,盐度较低,均在10以下,为河口咸淡水区域。此低盐度区域鱼卵和仔稚鱼种类数最少,但偏好低盐度的凤鲚和棘头梅童鱼数量丰富,另还有花鰶、银鱼属(Salanx)等种类仅分布于此。D7站位于最东侧,盐度最高,超过30,为高盐区,日本海鰶(Nematalosa japonica)、多齿蛇鲻(Saurida tumbil)、龙头鱼(Harpadon nehereus)、舌鳎属等更偏向于此区域。D4、D6、D8和D9站盐度均在20~30之间,为海湾冲淡水区,此区域咸淡水种类和近岸种类均较多分布,是鱼卵和仔稚鱼的主要繁殖和发育地,主要有小沙丁鱼属、小公鱼属、石首鱼科等。有部分种类如项斑项鲾为广盐性鱼类,几乎所有站位均有分布。种类数最多的D6青洲和D8桂山岛站位,以往的研究已认为该水域为春季鱼卵和仔稚鱼的重要分布区域[36-37]。此区域处于径流和潮流的消能带和咸淡水交汇处,营养丰富,且盐度处于23~30之间,这与李建生等[38]认为的长江口表层盐度24~32水域为鱼卵和仔稚鱼的主要分布区域的盐度范围极为相近。
本文仅有1个航次的调查,在分析种类组成和分布上略显不足,今后还需要结合多年份、多季节调查数据更为准确地评估珠江口鱼卵和仔稚鱼的组成和分布状况。
DNA条形码技术始于2003年[18],2006年首次报道用于鱼卵和仔稚鱼的鉴定[39],随后因其具有操作简单、易于掌握、准确性高的优势在鱼类鉴定中得到了广泛应用[40-41]。Ward等[13]开发的COⅠ基因条形码通用引物目前在鱼类鉴定中应用最为广泛,包括鱼卵和仔稚鱼的鉴定。但是由于鱼卵和仔稚鱼样品DNA量较少,提取DNA过程中容易造成DNA的丢失、断裂等,Fish引物在扩增鱼卵和仔稚鱼时的成功率一直不太稳定。国内外多位学者使用Fish引物对鱼卵和仔稚鱼COⅠ基因片段扩增结果显示成功率在42.3%~84.6%,平均为60.7%[7-8, 12, 42-44]。随着环境DNA技术的发展,急需片段更小的微型条形码。Miya等[14]开发的12S rRNA基因微型条形码Mifish引物在应用中被发现对鱼卵和仔稚鱼等DNA量少且已降解的样品依然能够较好地扩增。基于上述原因,本文选择这两个具有代表性的条形码分别对珠江口鱼卵和仔稚鱼样品进行扩增分析,探究其在鱼卵和仔稚鱼种类鉴定中的适用性。
本文COⅠ基因扩增获得有效序列169条,扩增成功率为43.22%;12S rRNA基因扩增获得有效序列369条,扩增成功率为95.60%。从扩增成功率来看,12S rRNA基因Mifish引物更具有优势。
COⅠ基因的种内遗传距离(0~0.005)均小于0.02,种间遗传距离(0.061~0.376)均大于0.02,种间平均遗传距离为种内遗传距离的84倍,符合Hebert等[18]提出的0.02作为DNA条形码物种划分的阈值和种间遗传距离大于种内遗传距离10倍以上规则。种间遗传距离和种内遗传距离之间存在明显的“条形码间隙”,ABGD划分与数据库比对结果相一致。系统发育树显示,科、属、种各分类阶元物种均能聚为独立分支。以上结果均表明,COⅠ基因可以作为条形码对鱼卵和仔稚鱼种类成功鉴定且可进一步分析其系统进化关系。
12S rRNA基因种内遗传距离(0~0.011)均小于0.02,种间遗传距离最小为0.007(龟鰉和前鳞龟鰉),小于0.02且与种内遗传距离存在交叉重叠,其余种间遗传距离(0.021~0.487)均大于0.02,种间平均遗传距离为种内遗传距离的143倍。ABGD划分将龟鰉和前鳞龟鰉划为同一种,其他种类与数据库比对结果一致。可见,12S rRNA基因对大多数鱼卵和仔稚鱼可以成功鉴定,但对个别近缘物种(龟鰉和前鳞龟鰉)难以有效区分。系统进化树显示在属和科的分类阶元上聚类关系不是很清晰,不适合分析种以上高分类阶元的系统进化关系。
综上所述,COⅠ和12S rRNA基因片段用于珠江口鱼卵和仔稚鱼鉴定各有优缺点,COⅠ基因片段在种类划分和系统发育分析方面更为准确,但扩增成功率较低。12S rRNA基因片段扩增成功率高,但部分近缘物种难以有效区分,且不适合高分类阶元的系统发育分析。作者认为,12S rRNA基因可以用于单纯的鱼卵和仔稚鱼分子鉴定,在少数近缘物种鉴定中结合COⅠ基因综合分析将是最佳选择。
  • 广东省重点领域研发计划(2020B1111030001);南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州)人才团队引进重大专项(GML2019ZD0605);中国水产科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2020TD05)。
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2023年第45卷第3期
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doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023032
  • 接收时间:2022-08-10
  • 首发时间:2025-12-26
  • 出版时间:2023-03-01
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  • 收稿日期:2022-08-10
  • 修回日期:2022-09-22
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广东省重点领域研发计划(2020B1111030001);南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州)人才团队引进重大专项(GML2019ZD0605);中国水产科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2020TD05)。
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    1 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 农业农村部外海渔业可持续利用重点实验室,广东 广州 510300
    2 南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州),广东 广州 511458

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*陈作志,男,研究员,主要从事海洋生态和渔业资源研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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