Article(id=1211299025362481966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1211299024825611053, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12284/hyxb2023042, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1648742400000, receivedDateStr=2022-04-01, revisedDate=1665331200000, revisedDateStr=2022-10-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766725792493, onlineDateStr=2025-12-26, pubDate=1677600000000, pubDateStr=2023-03-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766725792493, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766725792493, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766725792493, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1211299024825611053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2023', volume='45', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='158', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766725792365, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766924576395, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1212132785515532522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1211299024825611053, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1212132785515532523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1211299024825611053, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=113, endPage=124, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1211299025593168688, articleId=1211299025362481966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Analysis of spatial-temporal distribution evolution and age of existing mangrove forests in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area using remotely sensed data, columnId=1194652705852465724, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Mangroves forests, as a coastal zone ecosystem dominated by mangrove plants in the tropics and subtropics, are one of the important coastal wetland types. In this paper, multi-source and multi-phase satellite data were used to form a data atlas of shoreline, reclamation, aquaculture area, mangrove distribution in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area from 1969 to 2020, and the time series analysis of the evolution of mangroves in the Greater Bay Area was obtained by using the combine mangrove recognition index (CMRI). The results show that the existing mangrove forests data set can be obtained by interpreting the multi-source remote sensing data, and the CMRI time series data can establish the history of the existing mangrove forest change, and then effectively estimate the mangrove forest age. The temporal and spatial distribution of mangroves in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area has undergone obvious changes, with the existing mangroves being about 3 316 hm2, and the existing forest age in various regions in the Greater Bay Area is quite different, and the overall average forest age is 20 a. In the past 50 years, the shoreline as a whole has moved towards the sea, and the changes in shoreline, reclamation, and breeding areas have significantly affected the area, spatial distribution, and age of mangroves. Artificial cultivation has been the main reason for the restoration of mangroves in the past 20 years.

, correspAuthors=Jianyu Chen, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2023 Pratacultural Science. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xin Zhang, Jianyu Chen, Qingjie Yang), CN=ArticleExt(id=1211299028680176503, articleId=1211299025362481966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=粤港澳大湾区红树林时空分布演变及现存林龄遥感分析, columnId=1149698756456657529, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

红树林作为热带、亚热带以红树植物为主体的海岸带生态系统,是重要的海岸湿地类型之一。本文使用多源、多时相遥感数据,形成了1969−2020年粤港澳大湾区岸线、围填海、养殖区、红树林分布数据图集,并利用联合红树林识别指数(CMRI)对大湾区现存红树林进行时序分析得到红树林林龄数据集。结果表明,通过多源遥感数据解译得到现存红树林数据集,结合CMRI时序数据可以建立现存红树林变迁历史,进而有效估算红树林林龄。粤港澳大湾区红树林的时空分布发生了明显变迁,现存红树林面积约为3 316 hm2,大湾区内部各地区存量林龄差异较大,整体林龄均值为20 a。近50年间,岸线整体向海移动,岸线变迁、围填海和养殖区变化显著影响红树林面积、空间分布及林龄大小,人工种植是近20年红树林恢复的主因。

, correspAuthors=陈建裕, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*陈建裕(1973-),男,浙江省慈溪市人,研究员,主要从事海岸带遥感及近海海洋遥感方面研究。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《海洋学报》编辑部 2023, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=FtjXQiUbcpirkjWqiLCgaQ==, magXml=qf5fQioJ2CzFQbYxTQjUeQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=xjFjAbA8bBf2tTTCcLmQRQ==, pdfFileSize=7212897, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=jFnJmbxsnsKrNjm6F6mH7w==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=GyNC5n/gZLTeC4b+eCGEbA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

张信(1995-),男,四川省成都市人,主要从事海岸带遥感方面研究。E-mail:

, authorsList=张信, 陈建裕, 杨清杰)}, authors=[Author(id=1215304247827153293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=mg21270094@smail.nju.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1215304247915233678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, authorId=1215304247827153293, language=EN, stringName=Xin Zhang, firstName=Xin, middleName=null, lastName=Zhang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1215304248007508369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, authorId=1215304247827153293, language=CN, stringName=张信, firstName=信, middleName=null, lastName=张, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1 南京大学 地理与海洋科学学院,江苏 南京 210093
2 自然资源部第二海洋研究所,浙江 杭州 310012, bio={"content":"

张信(1995-),男,四川省成都市人,主要从事海岸带遥感方面研究。E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

张信(1995-),男,四川省成都市人,主要从事海岸带遥感方面研究。E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1215304247281893744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215304247286088049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, companyId=1215304247281893744, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 南京大学 地理与海洋科学学院,江苏 南京 210093)]), AuthorCompany(id=1215304247474831739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215304247479026045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, companyId=1215304247474831739, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 自然资源部第二海洋研究所,浙江 杭州 310012)])]), Author(id=1215304248120754588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=chenjianyu@sio.org.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1215304248250778022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, authorId=1215304248120754588, language=EN, stringName=Jianyu Chen, firstName=Jianyu, middleName=null, lastName=Chen, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, 3, *, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1215304248343052711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, authorId=1215304248120754588, language=CN, stringName=陈建裕, firstName=建裕, middleName=null, lastName=陈, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, 3, *, address=2 自然资源部第二海洋研究所,浙江 杭州 310012
3 卫星海洋环境动力学国家重点实验室,浙江 杭州 310012, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1215304247474831739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215304247479026045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, companyId=1215304247474831739, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 自然资源部第二海洋研究所,浙江 杭州 310012)]), AuthorCompany(id=1215304247667769730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215304247671964035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, companyId=1215304247667769730, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 卫星海洋环境动力学国家重点实验室,浙江 杭州 310012)])]), Author(id=1215304248426938797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1215304248527602101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, authorId=1215304248426938797, language=EN, stringName=Qingjie Yang, firstName=Qingjie, middleName=null, lastName=Yang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, 3, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1215304248598905275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, authorId=1215304248426938797, language=CN, stringName=杨清杰, firstName=清杰, middleName=null, lastName=杨, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, 3, address=2 自然资源部第二海洋研究所,浙江 杭州 310012
3 卫星海洋环境动力学国家重点实验室,浙江 杭州 310012, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1215304247474831739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215304247479026045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, companyId=1215304247474831739, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 自然资源部第二海洋研究所,浙江 杭州 310012)]), AuthorCompany(id=1215304247667769730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215304247671964035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, companyId=1215304247667769730, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 卫星海洋环境动力学国家重点实验室,浙江 杭州 310012)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1215304248770871755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=mangrove forests), Keyword(id=1215304248842174930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=forest age extraction), Keyword(id=1215304248963809753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=shoreline change), Keyword(id=1215304249022530015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=reclamation), Keyword(id=1215304249114804708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=aquaculture areas), Keyword(id=1215304249211273702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, language=EN, orderNo=6, keyword=the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area), Keyword(id=1215304249295159786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=红树林), Keyword(id=1215304249395823094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=林龄提取), Keyword(id=1215304249492292090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=岸线变迁), Keyword(id=1215304250758971908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=围填海), Keyword(id=1215304250855440905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=养殖区), Keyword(id=1215304250947715598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, language=CN, orderNo=6, keyword=粤港澳大湾区)], refs=[Reference(id=1215304255393677993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=McKee K L, Cahoon D R, Feller I C. Caribbean mangroves adjust to rising sea level through biotic controls on change in soil elevation[J]. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2007, 16(5): 545−556., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304255502729906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bouillon S, Borges A V, Castañeda-Moya E, et al. Mangrove production and carbon sinks: a revision of global budget estimates[J]. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2008, 22(2): GB2013., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304255611781812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Dittmar T, Hertkorn N, Kattner G, et al. Mangroves, a major source of dissolved organic carbon to the oceans[J]. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2006, 20(1): GB1012., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304255712445112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Feller I C, Friess D A, Krauss K W, et al. The state of the world’s mangroves in the 21st century under climate change[J]. Hydrobiologia, 2017, 803(1): 1−12., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304255808914108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bradford J B, Birdsey R A, Joyce L A, et al. Tree age, disturbance history, and carbon stocks and fluxes in subalpine Rocky Mountain forests[J]. Global Change Biology, 2008, 14(12): 2882−2897., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304255913771712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Song Conghe, Woodcock C E. A regional forest ecosystem carbon budget model: impacts of forest age structure and landuse history[J]. Ecological Modelling, 2003, 164(1): 33−47., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304256006046402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen Guangcheng, Gao Min, Pang Bopeng, et al. Top-meter soil organic carbon stocks and sources in restored mangrove forests of different ages[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2018, 422: 87−94., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304256106709702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Pregitzer K S, Euskirchen E S. Carbon cycling and storage in world forests: biome patterns related to forest age[J]. Global Change Biology, 2004, 10(12): 2052−2077., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304256198984395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李森, 蔡厚才, 陈万东, 等. 海岸带生态恢复区不同林龄红树林对CH4和CO2排放通量的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2020, 29(12): 2414−2422., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304256291259086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li Sen, Cai Houcai, Chen Wandong, et al. Analysis on CH4 and CO2 fluxes of mangroves with different ages in the coastal ecological restoration zone[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2020, 29(12): 2414−2422., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304256354173649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Giri C, Ochieng E, Tieszen L L, et al. Status and distribution of mangrove forests of the world using earth observation satellite data[J]. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2011, 20(1): 154−159., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304256433865428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bunting P, Rosenqvist A, Lucas R M, et al. The global mangrove watch—a new 2010 global baseline of mangrove extent[J]. Remote Sensing, 2018, 10(10): 1669., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304256534528725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=12, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lu Ying, Wang Le. How to automate timely large-scale mangrove mapping with remote sensing[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2021, 264: 112584., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304256651969240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王子予, 刘凯, 彭力恒, 等. 基于Google Earth Engine的1986−2018年广东红树林年际变化遥感分析[J]. 热带地理, 2020, 40(5): 881−892., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304256756826843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Ziyu, Liu Kai, Peng Liheng, et al. Analysis of mangrove annual changes in Guangdong Province during 1986−2018 based on Google Earth Engine[J]. Tropical Geography, 2020, 40(5): 881−892., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304256865878748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=吴培强, 马毅, 李晓敏, 等. 广东省红树林资源变化遥感监测[J]. 海洋学研究, 2011, 29(4): 16−24., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304256962347745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wu Peiqiang, Ma Yi, Li Xiaomin, et al. Remote sensing monitoring of the mangrove forests resources of Guangdong Province[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences, 2011, 29(4): 16−24., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304257109148385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jia Mingming, Wang Zongming, Wang Chao, et al. A new vegetation index to detect periodically submerged mangrove forest using single-tide sentinel-2 imagery[J]. Remote Sensing, 2019, 11(17): 2043., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304257268531943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang Tao, Hu Shanshan, He Yun, et al. A fine-scale mangrove map of china derived from 2-meter resolution satellite observations and field data[J]. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 2021, 10(2): 92., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304257369195243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=George-Chacón S P, Mas J F, Dupuy J M, et al. Mapping the spatial distribution of stand age and aboveground biomass from Landsat time series analyses of forest cover loss in tropical dry forests[J]. Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation, 2022, 8(3): 347−361., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304257474052847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=20, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang Quanfa, Pavlic G, Chen Wenjun, et al. Deriving stand age distribution in boreal forests using SPOT VEGETATION and NOAA AVHRR imagery[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2004, 91(3/4): 405−418., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304257570521844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=21, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Razak J A B A, Shariff A R B M, Ahmad N B, et al. Mapping rubber trees based on phenological analysis of Landsat time series data-sets[J]. Geocarto International, 2018, 33(6): 627−650., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304257646019316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=22, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张文秋, 房磊, 杨健, 等. 基于Landsat时间序列的湖南省会同县杉木人工林干扰历史重建与林龄估算[J]. 生态学杂志, 2018, 37(11): 3467−3479., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304257755071223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang Wenqiu, Fang Lei, Yang Jian, et al. Reconstruction of stand-replacement disturbance and stand age of Chinese fir plantation based on a Landsat time series in Huitong County, Hunan[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2018, 37(11): 3467−3479., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304257864123132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gupta K, Mukhopadhyay A, Giri S, et al. An index for discrimination of mangroves from non-mangroves using LANDSAT 8 OLI imagery[J]. MethodsX, 2018, 5: 1129−1139., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304257960592127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=22, rfOrder=25, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=林玉英, 胡喜生, 邱荣祖, 等. 基于Landsat影像的NDVI对植被与影响因子交互耦合的响应[J]. 农业机械学报, 2018, 49(10): 212−219., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304258057061118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=22, rfOrder=26, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lin Yuying, Hu Xisheng, Qiu Rongzu, et al. Responses of landsat-based NDVI to interaction of vegetation and influencing factors[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2018, 49(10): 212−219., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304258161918721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=27, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=唐少飞. 中国东北典型针叶林林龄信息提取及其对树种分类的影响研究[D]. 南京: 南京大学, 2020., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304258291942150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=28, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tang Shaofei. Study on extraction of stand age information of typical coniferous forests in Northeast China and its impact on tree species classification[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University, 2020., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304258380022536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=29, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=国家海洋局908专项办公室. 我国近海海洋综合调查与评价专项: 海岛海岸带卫星遥感调查技术规程[M]. 北京: 海洋出版社, 2005., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304258451325707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=30, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=State Oceanic 908 of the State Oceanic Administration. the Investigation and the Evaluation of the State’s Coastal Sea: Technical Specification for Coastal Zone Investigation[M]. Beijing: China Ocean Press, 2005., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304259713811213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=25, rfOrder=31, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=浙江省质量技术监督局. 海岸线调查统计技术规范: DB33/T 2106−2018[S]. 杭州: 浙江省标准化研究院, 2018., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304259814474513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=25, rfOrder=32, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Quality and Technology Supervision of Zhejiang Province. Specification for coastline survey statistics: DB33/T 2106−2018[S]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang Institute of Standardization, 2018., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304259902554897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=26, rfOrder=33, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=侯西勇, 毋亭, 侯婉, 等. 20世纪40年代初以来中国大陆海岸线变化特征[J]. 中国科学: 地球科学, 2016, 59(8): 1791−1802., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304260040966934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=26, rfOrder=34, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hou Xiyong, Wu Ting, Hou Wan, et al. Characteristics of coastline changes in mainland China since the early 1940s[J]. Science China: Earth Sciences, 2016, 59(8): 1791−1802., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304260158407450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=27, rfOrder=35, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=高志强, 刘向阳, 宁吉才, 等. 基于遥感的近30 a中国海岸线和围填海面积变化及成因分析[J]. 农业工程学报, 2014, 30(12): 140−147., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304260242293534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=27, rfOrder=36, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gao Zhiqiang, Liu Xiangyang, Ning Jicai, et al. Analysis on changes in coastline and reclamation area and its causes based on 30-year satellite data in China[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2014, 30(12): 140−147., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304260342956831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=28, rfOrder=37, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李矿明, 邓小飞, 韩维栋. 广东江门沿海红树林及其它湿地植被[J]. 中南林业调查规划, 2006, 25(1): 35−38., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304260435231523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=28, rfOrder=38, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li Kuangming, Deng Xiaofei, Han Weidong. Guangdong Jiangmen coastal mangrove and other wetland vegetation[J]. Central South Forest Inventory and Planning, 2006, 25(1): 35−38., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304260531700514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=29, rfOrder=39, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=于凌云, 林绅辉, 焦学尧, 等. 粤港澳大湾区红树林湿地面临的生态问题与保护对策[J]. 北京大学学报(自然科学版), 2019, 55(4): 782−790., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304260632363813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=29, rfOrder=40, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yu Lingyun, Lin Shenhui, Jiao Xueyao, et al. Ecological problems and protection countermeasures of mangrove wetland in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao greater bay area[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 2019, 55(4): 782−790., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304260745610024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=30, rfOrder=41, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=战国强. 珠江口红树林湿地保护与修复的基本思路[J]. 林业与环境科学, 2008, 24(6): 70−74., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304260879827756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=30, rfOrder=42, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhan Guoqiang. Basic thought on mangrove wetland conservation planning in Pearl River Estuary[J]. Forestry and Environmental Science, 2008, 24(6): 70−74., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304260955325232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=31, rfOrder=43, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李海生, 吴灿雄, 欧阳美霞, 等. 广州市南沙区红树林资源现状与保护[J]. 湿地科学, 2020, 18(2): 158−165., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304261051794227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=31, rfOrder=44, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li Haisheng, Wu Canxiong, Ouyang Meixia, et al. The current status and conservation of mangrove resources in Nansha District of Guangzhou[J]. Wetland Science, 2020, 18(2): 158−165., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304261135680310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=32, rfOrder=45, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈一萌, 杨阳. 惠州市红树林湿地资源及其保护[J]. 热带地理, 2010, 30(1): 34−39., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304261211177784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=32, rfOrder=46, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen Yimeng, Yang Yang. Mangrove wetland resources and their protection scheme in Huizhou City[J]. Tropical Geography, 2010, 30(1): 34−39., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304261299258170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=33, rfOrder=47, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李海生. 深圳龙岗的红树林[J]. 广东教育学院学报, 2006, 26(3): 67−69., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304261370561341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=33, rfOrder=48, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li Haisheng. The mangrove of Longgang, Shenzhen[J]. Journal of Guangdong Education Institute, 2006, 26(3): 67−69., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304261446058814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=34, rfOrder=49, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王金华, 温钊鹏. 粤港澳大湾区河口海岸生态修复策略研究——以东莞市滨海湾新区为例[J]. 海洋开发与管理, 2020, 37(6): 34−39., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304261517361984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=34, rfOrder=50, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Jinhua, Weng Zhaopeng. The ecological restoration strategy of estuary coastal zone in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area: take Dongguan Marina Bay New Area as an example[J]. Ocean Development and Management, 2020, 37(6): 34−39., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304261605442371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=35, rfOrder=51, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=何锐荣. 澳门红树林及其保护研究[D]. 广州: 暨南大学, 2009., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304261676745541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=35, rfOrder=52, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=He Ruirong. Study on mangrove and its conservational strategy in Macao, China[D]. Guangzhou: Jinan University, 2009., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304261756437321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=36, rfOrder=53, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Brown M E, Pinzon J E, Didan K, et al. Evaluation of the consistency of long-term NDVI time series derived from AVHRR, SPOT-vegetation, SeaWiFS, MODIS, and Landsat ETM+ sensors[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2006, 44(7): 1787−1793., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304261840323404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=37, rfOrder=54, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=吴庭天, 丁山, 陈宗铸, 等. 基于LUCC和景观格局变化的海南东寨港红树林湿地动态研究[J]. 林业科学研究, 2020, 33(5): 154−162., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215304261907432272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=37, rfOrder=55, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wu Tingtian, Ding Shan, Chen Zongzhu, et al. Dynamic analysis of mangrove wetlands based on LUCC and landscape pattern change in Dongzhai Port[J]. Forest Research, 2020, 33(5): 154−162., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1215304254022140578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州)人才团队引进重大专项(GML2019ZD0602);卫星海洋环境动力学国家重点实验室资助项目(SOEDZZ2203);国家自然科学基金NSFC—浙江两化融合联合基金重点项目(U1609202);国家自然科学基金(42076216,41376184,40976109)。, fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1215304247281893744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215304247286088049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, companyId=1215304247281893744, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 南京大学 地理与海洋科学学院,江苏 南京 210093)]), AuthorCompany(id=1215304247365779830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215304247369974136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, companyId=1215304247365779830, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China)]), AuthorCompany(id=1215304247474831739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215304247479026045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, companyId=1215304247474831739, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 自然资源部第二海洋研究所,浙江 杭州 310012)]), AuthorCompany(id=1215304247575495039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215304247579689345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, companyId=1215304247575495039, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China)]), AuthorCompany(id=1215304247667769730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215304247671964035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, companyId=1215304247667769730, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 卫星海洋环境动力学国家重点实验室,浙江 杭州 310012)]), AuthorCompany(id=1215304247747461509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215304247751655814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, companyId=1215304247747461509, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Hangzhou 310012, China)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1215304251140653597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Location of the study area, figureFileSmall=KFFeB7WRR8mjSDxNutDlhg==, figureFileBig=4CL054xcAxx8aaydSVHdpA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215304251237122593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, language=CN, label=图1, caption=研究区位置, figureFileSmall=KFFeB7WRR8mjSDxNutDlhg==, figureFileBig=4CL054xcAxx8aaydSVHdpA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215304251350368811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Technical route, figureFileSmall=sAbmAeuANEqwWV6Lhm17Dg==, figureFileBig=ZKwCzQvW8DL1XJIWYOOCyQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215304251463615023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, language=CN, label=图2, caption=技术路线, figureFileSmall=sAbmAeuANEqwWV6Lhm17Dg==, figureFileBig=ZKwCzQvW8DL1XJIWYOOCyQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215304251572666936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Separability of mangrove and tidal flats by different sensors

The tidal flats include two states: flooded and unflooded

, figureFileSmall=0TchlDLSBduLjsEH9y+76g==, figureFileBig=OoGpGNu8PioQ9/tNEGvgmQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215304251711078974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同传感器对红树林及光滩的可分性

光滩包含淹水及未淹水两种状态

, figureFileSmall=0TchlDLSBduLjsEH9y+76g==, figureFileBig=OoGpGNu8PioQ9/tNEGvgmQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215304251794965057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=The CMRI time series data of three kinds of mangrove forests with different ages, figureFileSmall=/efODA5YfMemYBvNeaRaBA==, figureFileBig=v3EYusCS4Bepml7cttP6JA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215304251887239747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, language=CN, label=图4, caption=3类不同林龄红树林的CMRI时序数据, figureFileSmall=/efODA5YfMemYBvNeaRaBA==, figureFileBig=v3EYusCS4Bepml7cttP6JA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215304251954348617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Distribution of existing mangrove forest planting age, figureFileSmall=SZdRlOusfOsPInmWOyo71A==, figureFileBig=VxGRoAdBOxyMIlFZYiZnrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215304252075983440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, language=CN, label=图5, caption=红树林种植林龄分布, figureFileSmall=SZdRlOusfOsPInmWOyo71A==, figureFileBig=VxGRoAdBOxyMIlFZYiZnrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215304252185035348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Existing mangrove forest planting age

Outliers indicate the presence of mangroves of too high/low stand age in the area

, figureFileSmall=by52OIxtB6k206Yzku6jrw==, figureFileBig=8dj+YS9ez7nj2wNJGhs9GA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215304252273115737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, language=CN, label=图6, caption=现存红树林种植林龄

离群值表示该地区存在过高/低林龄红树林

, figureFileSmall=by52OIxtB6k206Yzku6jrw==, figureFileBig=8dj+YS9ez7nj2wNJGhs9GA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215304252369584735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Change of mangrove forest landscape index, figureFileSmall=Z2sn3SB2pmpSdEMaKsu0yg==, figureFileBig=URdPkDqTUpi7tn5zCU5JZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215304252466053731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, language=CN, label=图7, caption=红树林景观指数变化, figureFileSmall=Z2sn3SB2pmpSdEMaKsu0yg==, figureFileBig=URdPkDqTUpi7tn5zCU5JZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215304252562522727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Comparison of mangrove forest mapping results, figureFileSmall=0SKy8TPEQbgMdEDglvf5aA==, figureFileBig=s393fA0Yx7XbQK0B6C+JUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215304252638020203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, language=CN, label=图8, caption=红树林制图结果比较, figureFileSmall=0SKy8TPEQbgMdEDglvf5aA==, figureFileBig=s393fA0Yx7XbQK0B6C+JUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215304252730294896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Age distribution of reclamation and aquaculture areas, figureFileSmall=FlQK3a8CfDMEbAbRzAjL5Q==, figureFileBig=a4h/3DaN6GX0cF2mwhYTaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215304252839346805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, language=CN, label=图9, caption=围填海及养殖区年际变化分布, figureFileSmall=FlQK3a8CfDMEbAbRzAjL5Q==, figureFileBig=a4h/3DaN6GX0cF2mwhYTaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215304252935815804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=Changes in reclamation, aquaculture areas, and existing mangrove areas every 5 years and stock area statistics, figureFileSmall=H9mPMlG35d3Dc8OwL1kePw==, figureFileBig=Foq6rwQ+9rXk0IYbOuNbnQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215304253078422141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, language=CN, label=图10, caption=围填海、养殖区及现存红树林面积每5年增量变化及存量面积统计, figureFileSmall=H9mPMlG35d3Dc8OwL1kePw==, figureFileBig=Foq6rwQ+9rXk0IYbOuNbnQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215304253195862658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, language=EN, label=Fig. 11, caption=Forest age extracted from CMRI (a) and forest age with visual interpretation results (b), figureFileSmall=ri0ObBd2g5Ds1q5G44TvbQ==, figureFileBig=ruYj+ITaspx+nwWViKWaJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215304253279748741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, language=CN, label=图11, caption=CMRI提取的林龄(a)和叠加目视解译结果的林龄(b), figureFileSmall=ri0ObBd2g5Ds1q5G44TvbQ==, figureFileBig=ruYj+ITaspx+nwWViKWaJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215304253514629771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Remotely sensed data information

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
卫星年份分辨率/m数量/景
KH-4A19642.741
KH-4B1967−19691.8335
KH-919736~92
KH-919750.61~1.2223
Landsat-31979604
Landsat-51986−20103052
HJ2008−20173016
Landsat-82013−20193015
ZY-320202.114
GF-120202.17
), ArticleFig(id=1215304253602710160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

卫星遥感数据信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
卫星年份分辨率/m数量/景
KH-4A19642.741
KH-4B1967−19691.8335
KH-919736~92
KH-919750.61~1.2223
Landsat-31979604
Landsat-51986−20103052
HJ2008−20173016
Landsat-82013−20193015
ZY-320202.114
GF-120202.17
), ArticleFig(id=1215304253686596245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Mangrove forests intetpretation references

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地区参考资料红树林主要分布位置
江门市文献[28]
文献[29]
广海湾、镇海湾及银湖湾
珠海市文献[30]淇澳岛、横琴岛滨海湿地公园及二井湾湿地公园
中山市文献[30]横门水道、磨刀门水道
广州市文献[30]
文献[31]
洪奇沥水道、南沙湿地公园、蕉门水道、新龙特大桥16涌至17涌段
惠州市文献[32]考州洋、稔山镇三连洲、大亚湾渡头河、
巽寮
深圳市文献[33]
文献[29]
福田自然保护区和龙岗区东涌、鹿咀、
坝光
东莞市文献[30]
文献[34]
交椅湾苗涌及龙涌
香港特别行政区文献[29]米埔自然保护区
澳门特别行政区文献[35]路氹城生态保护区
), ArticleFig(id=1215304253791453850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211299025362481966, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

红树林解译参考资料

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地区参考资料红树林主要分布位置
江门市文献[28]
文献[29]
广海湾、镇海湾及银湖湾
珠海市文献[30]淇澳岛、横琴岛滨海湿地公园及二井湾湿地公园
中山市文献[30]横门水道、磨刀门水道
广州市文献[30]
文献[31]
洪奇沥水道、南沙湿地公园、蕉门水道、新龙特大桥16涌至17涌段
惠州市文献[32]考州洋、稔山镇三连洲、大亚湾渡头河、
巽寮
深圳市文献[33]
文献[29]
福田自然保护区和龙岗区东涌、鹿咀、
坝光
东莞市文献[30]
文献[34]
交椅湾苗涌及龙涌
香港特别行政区文献[29]米埔自然保护区
澳门特别行政区文献[35]路氹城生态保护区
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1146441459026210850, delFlag=0, nameCn=海洋学报, nameEn=Haiyang Xuebao, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=0253-4193, eissn=null, cn=11-2055/P, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=否, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=uYi7hkkrve+l8pIcwqcaQQ==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=null, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1751262543687, updatedTime=1761729782936, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=H, firstLetterEn=H, subjectCode=Natural Sciences, subjectName=Natural Sciences, subjectCodeEn=Natural Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=uYi7hkkrve+l8pIcwqcaQQ==, picEn=C0WLQb7uW3ok8EkkVOAGuw==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1190344242636624294, language=CN, name=海洋学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.hyxbocean.cn/, createdTime=1761729782971, updatedTime=1761729782971, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://www.hyxb.org.cn/aos/ch/author/login.aspx, submissionEditorUrl=http://www.hyxb.org.cn/aos/ch/login.aspx, submissionReviewUrl=http://www.hyxb.org.cn/aos/ch/auditor/login.aspx, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1190344242712121767, language=EN, name=Haiyang Xuebao, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.aosocean.com/, createdTime=1761729782989, updatedTime=1761729782989, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://www.hyxb.org.cn/aos/ch/author/login.aspx, submissionEditorUrl=http://www.hyxb.org.cn/aos/ch/login.aspx, submissionReviewUrl=http://www.hyxb.org.cn/aos/ch/auditor/login.aspx, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1149651085930835976, websiteList=[Website(id=1188165202219512001, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1149651085930835976, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1761210259251, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761210330879, updateBy=18614031015, name=海洋学报-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=海洋学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1188166688563413602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761210613623, updateTime=1761210613623, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166688538247775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761210613617, updateTime=1761210613617, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166688529859166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN/file/pic?fileId=BDEio/cxHnid8OD4QxrAYQ==, createTime=1761210613615, updateTime=1761210613615, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166688555024993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1761210613621, updateTime=1761210613621, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166688546636384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1761210613619, updateTime=1761210613619, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166688575996515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761210613626, updateTime=1761210613626, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166688596968036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761210613631, updateTime=1761210613631, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1188165202282426564, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1149651085930835976, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1761210259266, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761210377920, updateBy=18614031015, name=海洋学报-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Haiyang Xuebao, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1188166798101856873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761210639739, updateTime=1761210639739, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166798076691046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761210639733, updateTime=1761210639733, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166798068302437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/EN/file/pic?fileId=BDEio/cxHnid8OD4QxrAYQ==, createTime=1761210639731, updateTime=1761210639731, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166798093468264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1761210639737, updateTime=1761210639737, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166798085079655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1761210639735, updateTime=1761210639735, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166798106051178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761210639740, updateTime=1761210639740, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166798110245483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761210639741, updateTime=1761210639741, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=海洋学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=http://www.hyxbocean.cn/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Haiyang Xuebao, journalPhotoCn=uYi7hkkrve+l8pIcwqcaQQ==, journalPhotoEn=C0WLQb7uW3ok8EkkVOAGuw==, journalFirstLetter=H, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN/10.12284/hyxb2023042, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/EN/10.12284/hyxb2023042, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN/PDF/10.12284/hyxb2023042, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/EN/PDF/10.12284/hyxb2023042, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
粤港澳大湾区红树林时空分布演变及现存林龄遥感分析
收藏切换
PDF下载
张信 1, 2 , 陈建裕 2, 3, * , 杨清杰 2, 3
海洋学报 | 论文 2023,45(3): 113-124
收起
收藏切换
海洋学报 | 论文 2023, 45(3): 113-124
粤港澳大湾区红树林时空分布演变及现存林龄遥感分析
全屏
张信1, 2 , 陈建裕2, 3, * , 杨清杰2, 3
作者信息
  • 1 南京大学 地理与海洋科学学院,江苏 南京 210093
  • 2 自然资源部第二海洋研究所,浙江 杭州 310012
  • 3 卫星海洋环境动力学国家重点实验室,浙江 杭州 310012
  • 张信(1995-),男,四川省成都市人,主要从事海岸带遥感方面研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*陈建裕(1973-),男,浙江省慈溪市人,研究员,主要从事海岸带遥感及近海海洋遥感方面研究。E-mail:
Analysis of spatial-temporal distribution evolution and age of existing mangrove forests in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area using remotely sensed data
Xin Zhang1, 2 , Jianyu Chen2, 3, * , Qingjie Yang2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
  • 2Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
  • 3State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Hangzhou 310012, China
出版时间: 2023-03-01 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023042
文章导航
收藏切换

红树林作为热带、亚热带以红树植物为主体的海岸带生态系统,是重要的海岸湿地类型之一。本文使用多源、多时相遥感数据,形成了1969−2020年粤港澳大湾区岸线、围填海、养殖区、红树林分布数据图集,并利用联合红树林识别指数(CMRI)对大湾区现存红树林进行时序分析得到红树林林龄数据集。结果表明,通过多源遥感数据解译得到现存红树林数据集,结合CMRI时序数据可以建立现存红树林变迁历史,进而有效估算红树林林龄。粤港澳大湾区红树林的时空分布发生了明显变迁,现存红树林面积约为3 316 hm2,大湾区内部各地区存量林龄差异较大,整体林龄均值为20 a。近50年间,岸线整体向海移动,岸线变迁、围填海和养殖区变化显著影响红树林面积、空间分布及林龄大小,人工种植是近20年红树林恢复的主因。

红树林  /  林龄提取  /  岸线变迁  /  围填海  /  养殖区  /  粤港澳大湾区

Mangroves forests, as a coastal zone ecosystem dominated by mangrove plants in the tropics and subtropics, are one of the important coastal wetland types. In this paper, multi-source and multi-phase satellite data were used to form a data atlas of shoreline, reclamation, aquaculture area, mangrove distribution in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area from 1969 to 2020, and the time series analysis of the evolution of mangroves in the Greater Bay Area was obtained by using the combine mangrove recognition index (CMRI). The results show that the existing mangrove forests data set can be obtained by interpreting the multi-source remote sensing data, and the CMRI time series data can establish the history of the existing mangrove forest change, and then effectively estimate the mangrove forest age. The temporal and spatial distribution of mangroves in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area has undergone obvious changes, with the existing mangroves being about 3 316 hm2, and the existing forest age in various regions in the Greater Bay Area is quite different, and the overall average forest age is 20 a. In the past 50 years, the shoreline as a whole has moved towards the sea, and the changes in shoreline, reclamation, and breeding areas have significantly affected the area, spatial distribution, and age of mangroves. Artificial cultivation has been the main reason for the restoration of mangroves in the past 20 years.

mangrove forests  /  forest age extraction  /  shoreline change  /  reclamation  /  aquaculture areas  /  the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area
张信, 陈建裕, 杨清杰. 粤港澳大湾区红树林时空分布演变及现存林龄遥感分析. 海洋学报, 2023 , 45 (3) : 113 -124 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2023042
Xin Zhang, Jianyu Chen, Qingjie Yang. Analysis of spatial-temporal distribution evolution and age of existing mangrove forests in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area using remotely sensed data[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2023 , 45 (3) : 113 -124 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2023042
红树林是生长在热带、亚热带海岸潮间带,由红树植物为主体的常绿乔木或灌木组成的湿地木本植物群落,与海草床、滨海盐沼湿地等生态系统组成了近海重要的“蓝碳”资源。红树林在碳固存量、固存时间尺度上具有优势,研究表明红树沉积物在海中堆积及水下缺氧环境有利于碳的长时间固存[1],同时红树林湿地以较小的面积可以贡献大量碳吸收[2-3]。近期研究显示,自21世纪以来全球红树林正在消退,沿海城市发展和近海水产养殖严重威胁全球红树林的生存空间[4]
红树林林龄是表征红树林生态系统结构和功能的重要参数[5],研究表明树林林龄是决定生态系统碳储量和碳通量的关键因子[6],红树林中土壤有机碳含量和碳储量随林龄增加而增加[7]。同时,不同林龄红树林固碳作用也具差异,相关文献报道净生态系统生产力受林龄制约,一般30~120 a成熟林具有较高生产力,而1~10 a树林生产力可能为负[8]。另有学者探究5 a和1 a红树林CO2排放通量发现,5 a红树林为CO2吸收汇,而1 a红树林幼苗为CO2排放源[9]
对红树林群落不同林龄时空分布数据的获取有助于一系列碳中和相关治理措施和管理的有效评估。得益于遥感技术的优势,近年来利用多源遥感数据进行红树林时空变化的研究成为热点,如Giri等[10]利用2000年全球土地调查(the Global Land Survey, GLS)数据集使用监督和非监督分类结合的方式解译了约1 000景Landsat影像,并建立30 m分辨率的全球红树林数据集(the Mangrove Forests of the World, MFW)。Bunting等[11]利用相控阵型L波段合成孔径雷达(PALSAR)数据提取沿海水体掩膜以生成红树林生长区图层,使用随机森林分类器方法实现了全球范围红树林自动识别方法,建立全球红树林观察数据集(the Global Mangrove Watch,GMW)。
针对特定区域进行红树林提取的研究近年来也成为热点。如Lu和Wang[12]选取佛罗里达和广西作为研究区域,对2000−2018年红树林进行提取。王子予等[13]使用GEE平台利用随机森林算法提取并分析广东红树林1986−2018年年际变化。吴培强等[14]使用TM、ETM+和CBERS-02B影像数据结合现场勘探资料,对广东1990年、2000年及2008年红树林进行提取。Jia等[15]使用10 m分辨率的Sentinel-2构建红树林植被指数(MFI)进而建立中国2015年红树林分布数据集。然而,使用中等分辨率影像来提取红树林斑块,常常呈现出混合像元现象,如Lu和Wang[12]提到其分类器会将海岸带其他植被误分为红树林;不同学者提取的同时期广东省红树林面积同样存在差异。高分辨率的卫星数据能有效提高分类精度及识别破碎化的红树林图斑能力,如Zhang等[16]利用高分辨率卫星数据制作了中国红树林分布图(Mangrove China 2018,MC 2018)。
利用遥感技术构建长时序数据集能进一步提取树林林龄信息[17]。使用时序卫星遥感数据,通过开发各类变化检测算法或构建各类植被指数来定位树林覆盖变化区域,进而得出林龄。如George-Chacón等[17]通过Landsat 数据使用归一化植被指数(Normalized Differnce Vegetation Index,NDVI)估算热带树林林龄,整体精度为95.7%~99.9%;Zhang等[18]利用SPOT及NOAA数据使用短波植被指数(Short Wave Vegetation Index,SWVI)来量化火灾后的树林再生,通过比较SWVI与过去火灾疤痕已知值来确定林龄;Razak等[19]利用Landsat长时序数据通过构建叶面积指数(Leaf Area Index, LAI)并基于阈值分割方法区分成熟橡胶林及幼龄橡胶林;张文秋等[20]同样通过Landsat时间序列重建杉木林历史干扰事件并通过模型拟合出林龄信息。
因此,本研究利用中、高分辨率影像以提高红树林信息提取精度,以粤港澳大湾区为研究区,制作了1969−2020年大湾区岸线、围填海、养殖区及现存红树林林龄数据集,并分析人类活动(海岸养殖、填海造地)对该地区红树林的影响。
粤港澳大湾区涵盖广东省广州、深圳、珠海、佛山、惠州、东莞、中山、江门、肇庆9市和香港、澳门两个特别行政区。本文以粤港澳大湾区潮滩区域(21°42′~23°08′N, 111°59′~115°25′E)为研究区(图1)。大湾区属于亚热带季风气候, 降水丰沛, 雨热同季,资源丰富。目前,该区域作为中国经济活动最为活跃的地区之一,伴随着海岸带城市化进程,养殖业、旅游业、海运等产业发展,人类活动对该地区海岸带环境产生着重大影响。
本文使用的遥感数据集有ZY-3卫星TMS正视全色和多光谱图像、GF-1卫星PMS正视全色和多光谱图像、KeyHole(KH)卫星全色数据、Landsat系列及环境卫星多光谱数据。其中KeyHole数据分两类,代号CORONA的卫星(包括KH-1、KH-2、KH-3、KH-4、KH-4A及KH-4B卫星)数据在1960−1972年间拍摄并于1995年解密开放使用,代号Hexagon的KH-9卫星数据在1971−1984年间收集并于2011年解密开放使用。该数据源虽具有高空间分辨率,但未经过地理配准,仅提供四至坐标,坐标精度也受到早期遥感技术制约。
本文使用Landsat系列卫星及环境卫星多光谱数据进行红树林、围填海和养殖区时空演变分析,其中Landsat数据均下载自美国地质勘探局(https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov),环境卫星数据下载自中国资源卫星应用中心(http://36.112.130.153:7777/DSSPlatform/index.html),具体使用数据见表1
本研究通过图2所示分步工作方法进行,具体分为两个部分:数据预处理、矢量数据提取及年际变化分析。
随着遥感技术飞速发展,我国ZY-3和GF系列卫星影像的成像质量已满足专题制图的几何要求。因而,先对2020年获取的ZY-3和GF-1进行正射几何校正,采用Gram-Schmidt算法融合为2.1 m分辨率多光谱图像,形成覆盖粤港澳大湾区的遥感影像数据集,并以预处理后的ZY-3和GF-1遥感影像作为后续处理的影像参考底图。
由于KH系列卫星使用全景摄像机获取地球表面照片并通过回收舱传输曝光的胶片,胶片显影后生成灰度高分辨率数字产品,该产品图像呈条带状,具有较大空间畸变,且由于每张图像未经地理配准,四至坐标精度不一。故本文对KeyHole数据以2.1 m多光谱图像作为影像参考底图进行地理配准并基于二阶多项式校正,配准时主要选取水库、堤坝、道路等人工地物,得到1969年及1975年粤港澳大湾区遥感影像。
Landsat数据及HJ数据均通过辐射定标及大气校正处理,并进一步计算联合红树林识别指数(Combine Mangrove Recognition Index, CMRI)[21],计算公式为
$ \rm CMRI=NDVI-NDWI+2\text{,} $
式中,NDVI为归一化植被指数;NDWI为归一化水体指数。
一般而言,NDVI随着林龄、郁闭度和坡度的增加而逐渐增加[22],长时间NDVI时序数据能够较好估算树林种植林龄[23]。考虑到红树林生长在平坦的滩涂地区,NDVI可以反映红树林林龄及郁闭度的变化,同时引入NDWI表征水体向植被转化过程,计算得出CMRI时序数据。
海岸线提取参考文献[24]及文献[25],分别绘制两条岸线,一条现状岸线以ZY-3及GF-1数据为底图解译2020年粤港澳大湾区岸线;另一条历史岸线以2020年岸线为参考,KH卫星1969年数据为底图,解译变化部分的岸线,同时参考美国陆军地图1954年L500系列中国1∶250 000地形图岸线数据[26]。考虑到河口区域分布的红树林,所解译岸线在河口区域向河流上流方向进行适当延伸。
围填海会导致海岸线向海推进[27],本文以1969年与2020年岸线为围填海遥感解译的前置条件。近海养殖区提取以两条岸线为基准线,由于养殖区具有规则形状及水体光谱特征,基于中等分辨率卫星数据即可得到良好区分,故养殖区解译中不仅考虑现存养殖区演替,也考虑1969−2020年间历史养殖区更替。而由于该地区少有陆退海进发生,围填海不考虑历史更替部分,该部分面积约为452 hm2。最终以2000年为分界线,分别获取2000−2020年以1 a为间隔,1969−2000年以5 a为间隔的养殖区及围填海数据图集。
为了提高现存红树林解译效率,考虑红树林具有特定生态位,其生长区域靠近海岸线且适宜区域为泥质岸滩。研究中以两条岸线为基准线,岸线向陆部分进行掩模处理。使用ZY-3及GF-1数据的近红外、红色、绿色波段组合,应用联合红树林识别指数和图像增强方法,同时参考地方自然资源局调查报告、相关文献及已公开研究成果(表2)进行解译得到现存红树林矢量数据集。
考虑Landsat、HJ等卫星数据空间分辨率和红树林图斑大小,红树林林龄提取采取在现存红树林矢量数据集上往前追溯的解译方式,利用时间序列界定最近扰动事件发生时间节点,进而探究现存红树林在长时间尺度上的生长演替状况。针对现存红树林林龄估计只需考量最近土地覆盖类型的转变,即光滩或水体向林地的转变,因此将CMRI时序数据中数值显著变化处界定为红树林种植林龄起始点。
KeyHole数据为单波段图像,且早期Landsat 数据分辨率过低产生混合像元问题导致CMRI计算误差过大,故1980年之前红树林林龄提取通过目视解译方式完成。分别得到2000−2020年及1969−2000年红树林图斑。2000−2020年红树林图斑以1 a为间隔,1969−2000年红树林图斑以5 a为间隔。
本文通过多源卫星数据计算CMRI并基于现存红树林进行逆向解译得出大湾区林龄分布,由于不同时间成像过程不一致性,导致得出的NDVI及NDWI数值存在差异[36]。Landsat 5/8及HJ卫星对于光滩与红树林分辨能力将直接决定CMRI时序数据提取红树林林龄的可靠性。因此选取20 000个滩涂及红树林样本点对不同传感器进行一致性评估(图3),结果显示,各传感器间同类地物NDVI及NDWI值虽然存在差异,但仍表现出良好的一致性;不同类地物则表现出明显的分离,能较好地分辨红树林及光滩,进而可以用于林龄估算。光滩及红树林可以被NDWI+0.55=NDVI直线分割,因此对应CMRI数值为2.55时,即可显著区分红树林与光滩。顾及红树林幼苗到冠层郁闭过程,使用该阈值存在对于林龄的显著低估,故应对林龄估算值进行适度上推修正。
由于不同的传感器及瞬时成像条件的差异,光滩的CMRI数据在长时间序列中表现出一定的波动(图4),统计光滩CMRI时序数据中极大值点在2.2~2.3之间,当土地覆盖类型转变,即滩涂向红树林转变时,CMRI将显著增大。因此林龄起始点阈值从2.55下降至2.3(图4中黑色虚线至红色虚线),以此表征林龄估算值的上推修正,进而提高林龄解译的精度。
粤港澳大湾区红树林在沿海9市均有分布(图5),总面积为3 316 hm2,各市分布面积为:东莞市47.9 hm2、中山市 159.4 hm2、广州市411.5 hm2、惠州市 152.2 hm2、江门市1 052.1 hm2、深圳市171.1 hm2、珠海市791.6 hm2、澳门特别行政区 14.9 hm2、香港特别行政区 515.3 hm2。统计的粤港澳大湾区红树林种植林龄情况见图6。大湾区红树林林龄分布各地区差异较大,惠州市、东莞市、香港林龄分布较为离散,中山市、珠海市及澳门林龄分布较为集中;除惠州市外,其他各区林龄呈正态分布;除深圳市及香港具有较大林龄外,各地区林龄均值在20 a左右,中位数为17 a左右;除东莞市、珠海市、澳门外,其他各区均存在40 a以上成熟林,主要位于江门市镇海湾横板围村东侧沿岸、大亨村东侧沿岸、九岗村西北岸涌道,中山市西部沿海高速与中山西环高速交界处,广州市番禺区洲仔头,深圳市龙岗区东涌、鹿咀、坝光,香港米埔,惠州市惠东县黄埠镇北岸;而近5 a恢复的红树林主要发生在除中山市、深圳市、珠海市及澳门以外的其他5个地区。大湾区整体红树林林龄均值约为20 a,上四分位数为16 a,下四分位数为25 a,75%的红树林为近25 a恢复。
从景观生态学出发统计该地区红树林生态景观指标,选取指标参考文献[37],结果见图7。1969−2020年间,红树林斑块数量持续增加,斑块平均面积经历先增加,于2005年达到顶峰7.7 hm2,后持续下降至2020年的6.0 hm2,2020年红树林斑块面积小于1 hm2的占总斑块数的35.6%。考察红树林恢复期(2000年后)情况,由斑块数持续增加及平均面积减小可知该地区红树林未形成大范围集聚,离散化、破碎化是该地区红树林分布特征,进一步计算破碎度发现破碎化指数呈现中间高两边低的特点,但整体破碎化指数仍有小幅增长,2000年后破碎化指数持续下降,反映出该地区红树林在小范围聚集,整体分布离散的特点。2002−2003年斑块平均面积存在陡崖式提升,而斑块数并未发生该变化,这是由于2000年后该地区多地建立红树林自然保护区,其中淇澳岛从1999年开始陆续种植约300 hm2人工红树林且由于生长滞后效应,表现为2003年后斑块平均面积的陡崖式提升而图斑数未发生大变化。
将本研究结果与GMW2016[11]、Jia2015[15]及MC2018[16]进行比较。从总面积上看MC2018得到的粤港澳大湾区总红树林面积为3 322.7 hm2,GMW2016得到面积为926.7 hm2,Jia2015解译红树林面积为2 798.7 hm2。将本研究结果与MC2018、GMW2016及jia2015做叠置分析,仅统计与验证数据集产出年份相当的红树林重叠度,得到结果分别是73.5%、69.8%和65.68%。如图8a图8b所示,镇海湾及淇澳岛红树林的集中分布大大降低了解译难度,因此除GMW2016外各数据集红树林解译结果表现良好,其中以本研究结果与MC2018为最佳,而本研究存在部分内陆红树林未解译到的情况(图8a),同时应用自动提取方式得到的GMW2016在区域尺度上表现较差,存在大量红树林被漏提,如图8b中淇澳岛红树林;而在红树林离散分布区域,红树林解译难度大大提高,各数据集结果表现出差异性,如图8c图8d
近50年间粤港澳大湾区岸线整体向海扩张,鲜有后退岸线(图9)。海岸线变化部分约1 060 km,变化部分占1969年总岸线长的29.2%,约1/3的岸线向海推进,近50年间岸线总长增加约163.5 km。该地区陆海变化显著,陆进海退总面积约86 625 hm2。1969年以来大湾区向海要地频繁,围填海速度逐年增大并于1995年前后取得峰值;围填海增速放缓始于2000年,2005年后增速进一步下降,该增长趋势与高志强等[27]的研究结果相一致。近50年间该地区近海养殖区变迁主要呈现两种态势,以2000年为分界线,2000年前表现为显著增加,2000年后则趋于稳定。统计2020年现存近海养殖区总面积约为28 560 hm2,其中约18 910 hm2的现存养殖区形成于2000年前,占现存总面积的66.2%;1969−2020年历史更替养殖区约13 300 hm2,其中于2000年前消退养殖区约85 900 hm2,占历史更替面积的64.6%,这表明随着国家对于养殖业的规范化进程,新的围海养殖将减少,且现存数量存在退化趋势。
围填海及养殖区近50年的暴发性增长给红树林湿地带来消极影响,表现为在空间上对于沿岸红树林的直接侵占、破坏。随着大湾区海岸带的城市化进程,养殖区不断向外推进,因此大湾区红树林消失直接表现为养殖区的侵占,内在原因是经济发展所需建筑用地数量的上升。而香港米埔在1986年前同样属于此种模式,但由于香港米埔被纳入拉姆萨尔公约,之后养殖区扩张停止,这为红树林恢复提供了良好条件,从1988−2000年间,香港米埔贡献了约724 hm2的红树林面积(图10),这使得这段时间里围填海及养殖区面积虽大幅度增长,但红树林仍然保持着较好的增长量。2000−2005年间,大湾区各地区逐渐重视海岸生态环境的保护,逐步对养殖区的扩张进行管控,故相比于1995年前围填海及养殖区的增长量已开始下降。同时各地区重视建设大量滨海湿地保护区,开展人工红树林种植恢复工作,如南沙湿地公园、淇澳岛−担杆岛自然保护区等均有种植,故这一时期红树林增长量最大。通过保护区的建立,划定禁止开发建设区,管控养殖区及围填海对于现存红树林的侵占,对于红树林恢复具有积极作用。而大湾区红树林的大面积恢复主要得益于各地开展的人工种植工作。
同时围填海活动也对红树林林龄产生较大影响,围填海活动的增加破坏高林龄红树林,例如大湾区40 a以上现存红树林基本位于深圳龙岗区、香港米埔等未开发利用区域,发生大规模围填海及养殖区扩张地区不存在高林龄红树林,这同样使得大湾区红树林约66%属于过渡期林(林龄小于20 a),与2000年后围填海增速减缓,养殖区增速停止表现出正相关。围填海活动对红树林空间分布的影响表现在大湾区红树林图斑破碎度变化(图7)与围填海养殖区增速变化表现出协同性,2000年前围填海增速大幅增加,相应的红树林图斑破碎度也逐步增加;围填海增速减缓时,红树林图斑破碎度也开始降低。
在提取红树林过程中,往往存在与红树林生境相同植物会影响解译精度,典型的植物有芦苇、互花米草、水杉和木麻黄等[16],它们与红树林具有相似的光谱特征,且都生长在潮滩或者附近地区,特别是互花米草在沿海地区大量繁殖,导致红树林与互花米草两种植被在空间上混合,给解译工作带来干扰。红树林时刻受潮汐作用影响,涨潮时淹没,落潮时出露,选用落潮时遥感影像进行解译最佳,但由于卫星数据(重访周期、云量等)限制兼顾前者具有较大挑战性,故解译结果可能忽略了部分被淹没红树林。
本研究对红树林种植林龄解译存在低估。如图11a,通过CMRI提取出现存红树林种植林龄起始年份,但由于前文所述数据限制,1980年之前红树林林龄提取是通过目视解译方式完成(图11b),目视解译中将冠层郁闭时的红树林年限作为其种植林龄起始年限,必然低估了这部分红树林的林龄,因此还需要进一步利用多源多时相遥感资料、野外调查来对部分林龄进行修正。
本文利用多源遥感数据,结合高空间分辨率的成图精度和红树林的解译优势,以及中等分辨率卫星遥感影像的长时间历史数据集长处,分析了1969−2020年粤港澳大湾区岸线、围填海、养殖区和红树林变化及其相互影响,得到主要结论如下。
Landsat 5/8及环境星系列数据NDVI及NDWI存在差异,但针对不同地物类型表现出良好的可区分能力,以此建立现存红树林CMRI时序数据,能够有效构建红树林变迁动态,并获取现存红树林重建时相信息,为红树林林龄估算提供了新的方法。
该地区现存红树林约3 316 hm2,江门市、广州市及珠海市具有该地区最多的红树林存量,各地区红树林种植林龄差异较大,整体红树林林龄均值约20 a,75%的红树林为近16 a恢复,主要位于各自然保护区,说明保护区建立对红树林生态系统恢复具有极大作用。
近50 a大湾区陆海格局显著变化,大量围填海及养殖区的开辟严重侵占大湾区红树林生存空间,影响红树林面积、空间分布及林龄大小。围填海及养殖区增速变化与红树林景观生态指数变化表现出协同性。围填海及养殖区扩张严重破坏高林龄红树林,现存高林龄红树林均位于深圳龙岗等未开发地区,同时该地区得益于保护区建立及人工种植,红树林群落得到了快速恢复。
  • 南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州)人才团队引进重大专项(GML2019ZD0602);卫星海洋环境动力学国家重点实验室资助项目(SOEDZZ2203);国家自然科学基金NSFC—浙江两化融合联合基金重点项目(U1609202);国家自然科学基金(42076216,41376184,40976109)。
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
1
McKee K L, Cahoon D R, Feller I C. Caribbean mangroves adjust to rising sea level through biotic controls on change in soil elevation[J]. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2007, 16(5): 545−556.
2
Bouillon S, Borges A V, Castañeda-Moya E, et al. Mangrove production and carbon sinks: a revision of global budget estimates[J]. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2008, 22(2): GB2013.
3
Dittmar T, Hertkorn N, Kattner G, et al. Mangroves, a major source of dissolved organic carbon to the oceans[J]. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2006, 20(1): GB1012.
4
Feller I C, Friess D A, Krauss K W, et al. The state of the world’s mangroves in the 21st century under climate change[J]. Hydrobiologia, 2017, 803(1): 1−12.
5
Bradford J B, Birdsey R A, Joyce L A, et al. Tree age, disturbance history, and carbon stocks and fluxes in subalpine Rocky Mountain forests[J]. Global Change Biology, 2008, 14(12): 2882−2897.
6
Song Conghe, Woodcock C E. A regional forest ecosystem carbon budget model: impacts of forest age structure and landuse history[J]. Ecological Modelling, 2003, 164(1): 33−47.
7
Chen Guangcheng, Gao Min, Pang Bopeng, et al. Top-meter soil organic carbon stocks and sources in restored mangrove forests of different ages[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2018, 422: 87−94.
8
Pregitzer K S, Euskirchen E S. Carbon cycling and storage in world forests: biome patterns related to forest age[J]. Global Change Biology, 2004, 10(12): 2052−2077.
9
李森, 蔡厚才, 陈万东, 等. 海岸带生态恢复区不同林龄红树林对CH4和CO2排放通量的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2020, 29(12): 2414−2422.
Li Sen, Cai Houcai, Chen Wandong, et al. Analysis on CH4 and CO2 fluxes of mangroves with different ages in the coastal ecological restoration zone[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2020, 29(12): 2414−2422.
10
Giri C, Ochieng E, Tieszen L L, et al. Status and distribution of mangrove forests of the world using earth observation satellite data[J]. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2011, 20(1): 154−159.
11
Bunting P, Rosenqvist A, Lucas R M, et al. The global mangrove watch—a new 2010 global baseline of mangrove extent[J]. Remote Sensing, 2018, 10(10): 1669.
12
Lu Ying, Wang Le. How to automate timely large-scale mangrove mapping with remote sensing[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2021, 264: 112584.
13
王子予, 刘凯, 彭力恒, 等. 基于Google Earth Engine的1986−2018年广东红树林年际变化遥感分析[J]. 热带地理, 2020, 40(5): 881−892.
Wang Ziyu, Liu Kai, Peng Liheng, et al. Analysis of mangrove annual changes in Guangdong Province during 1986−2018 based on Google Earth Engine[J]. Tropical Geography, 2020, 40(5): 881−892.
14
吴培强, 马毅, 李晓敏, 等. 广东省红树林资源变化遥感监测[J]. 海洋学研究, 2011, 29(4): 16−24.
Wu Peiqiang, Ma Yi, Li Xiaomin, et al. Remote sensing monitoring of the mangrove forests resources of Guangdong Province[J]. Journal of Marine Sciences, 2011, 29(4): 16−24.
15
Jia Mingming, Wang Zongming, Wang Chao, et al. A new vegetation index to detect periodically submerged mangrove forest using single-tide sentinel-2 imagery[J]. Remote Sensing, 2019, 11(17): 2043.
16
Zhang Tao, Hu Shanshan, He Yun, et al. A fine-scale mangrove map of china derived from 2-meter resolution satellite observations and field data[J]. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 2021, 10(2): 92.
17
George-Chacón S P, Mas J F, Dupuy J M, et al. Mapping the spatial distribution of stand age and aboveground biomass from Landsat time series analyses of forest cover loss in tropical dry forests[J]. Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation, 2022, 8(3): 347−361.
18
Zhang Quanfa, Pavlic G, Chen Wenjun, et al. Deriving stand age distribution in boreal forests using SPOT VEGETATION and NOAA AVHRR imagery[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2004, 91(3/4): 405−418.
19
Razak J A B A, Shariff A R B M, Ahmad N B, et al. Mapping rubber trees based on phenological analysis of Landsat time series data-sets[J]. Geocarto International, 2018, 33(6): 627−650.
20
张文秋, 房磊, 杨健, 等. 基于Landsat时间序列的湖南省会同县杉木人工林干扰历史重建与林龄估算[J]. 生态学杂志, 2018, 37(11): 3467−3479.
Zhang Wenqiu, Fang Lei, Yang Jian, et al. Reconstruction of stand-replacement disturbance and stand age of Chinese fir plantation based on a Landsat time series in Huitong County, Hunan[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2018, 37(11): 3467−3479.
21
Gupta K, Mukhopadhyay A, Giri S, et al. An index for discrimination of mangroves from non-mangroves using LANDSAT 8 OLI imagery[J]. MethodsX, 2018, 5: 1129−1139.
22
林玉英, 胡喜生, 邱荣祖, 等. 基于Landsat影像的NDVI对植被与影响因子交互耦合的响应[J]. 农业机械学报, 2018, 49(10): 212−219.
Lin Yuying, Hu Xisheng, Qiu Rongzu, et al. Responses of landsat-based NDVI to interaction of vegetation and influencing factors[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2018, 49(10): 212−219.
23
唐少飞. 中国东北典型针叶林林龄信息提取及其对树种分类的影响研究[D]. 南京: 南京大学, 2020.
Tang Shaofei. Study on extraction of stand age information of typical coniferous forests in Northeast China and its impact on tree species classification[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University, 2020.
24
国家海洋局908专项办公室. 我国近海海洋综合调查与评价专项: 海岛海岸带卫星遥感调查技术规程[M]. 北京: 海洋出版社, 2005.
State Oceanic 908 of the State Oceanic Administration. the Investigation and the Evaluation of the State’s Coastal Sea: Technical Specification for Coastal Zone Investigation[M]. Beijing: China Ocean Press, 2005.
25
浙江省质量技术监督局. 海岸线调查统计技术规范: DB33/T 2106−2018[S]. 杭州: 浙江省标准化研究院, 2018.
Quality and Technology Supervision of Zhejiang Province. Specification for coastline survey statistics: DB33/T 2106−2018[S]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang Institute of Standardization, 2018.
26
侯西勇, 毋亭, 侯婉, 等. 20世纪40年代初以来中国大陆海岸线变化特征[J]. 中国科学: 地球科学, 2016, 59(8): 1791−1802.
Hou Xiyong, Wu Ting, Hou Wan, et al. Characteristics of coastline changes in mainland China since the early 1940s[J]. Science China: Earth Sciences, 2016, 59(8): 1791−1802.
27
高志强, 刘向阳, 宁吉才, 等. 基于遥感的近30 a中国海岸线和围填海面积变化及成因分析[J]. 农业工程学报, 2014, 30(12): 140−147.
Gao Zhiqiang, Liu Xiangyang, Ning Jicai, et al. Analysis on changes in coastline and reclamation area and its causes based on 30-year satellite data in China[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2014, 30(12): 140−147.
28
李矿明, 邓小飞, 韩维栋. 广东江门沿海红树林及其它湿地植被[J]. 中南林业调查规划, 2006, 25(1): 35−38.
Li Kuangming, Deng Xiaofei, Han Weidong. Guangdong Jiangmen coastal mangrove and other wetland vegetation[J]. Central South Forest Inventory and Planning, 2006, 25(1): 35−38.
29
于凌云, 林绅辉, 焦学尧, 等. 粤港澳大湾区红树林湿地面临的生态问题与保护对策[J]. 北京大学学报(自然科学版), 2019, 55(4): 782−790.
Yu Lingyun, Lin Shenhui, Jiao Xueyao, et al. Ecological problems and protection countermeasures of mangrove wetland in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao greater bay area[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 2019, 55(4): 782−790.
30
战国强. 珠江口红树林湿地保护与修复的基本思路[J]. 林业与环境科学, 2008, 24(6): 70−74.
Zhan Guoqiang. Basic thought on mangrove wetland conservation planning in Pearl River Estuary[J]. Forestry and Environmental Science, 2008, 24(6): 70−74.
31
李海生, 吴灿雄, 欧阳美霞, 等. 广州市南沙区红树林资源现状与保护[J]. 湿地科学, 2020, 18(2): 158−165.
Li Haisheng, Wu Canxiong, Ouyang Meixia, et al. The current status and conservation of mangrove resources in Nansha District of Guangzhou[J]. Wetland Science, 2020, 18(2): 158−165.
32
陈一萌, 杨阳. 惠州市红树林湿地资源及其保护[J]. 热带地理, 2010, 30(1): 34−39.
Chen Yimeng, Yang Yang. Mangrove wetland resources and their protection scheme in Huizhou City[J]. Tropical Geography, 2010, 30(1): 34−39.
33
李海生. 深圳龙岗的红树林[J]. 广东教育学院学报, 2006, 26(3): 67−69.
Li Haisheng. The mangrove of Longgang, Shenzhen[J]. Journal of Guangdong Education Institute, 2006, 26(3): 67−69.
34
王金华, 温钊鹏. 粤港澳大湾区河口海岸生态修复策略研究——以东莞市滨海湾新区为例[J]. 海洋开发与管理, 2020, 37(6): 34−39.
Wang Jinhua, Weng Zhaopeng. The ecological restoration strategy of estuary coastal zone in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area: take Dongguan Marina Bay New Area as an example[J]. Ocean Development and Management, 2020, 37(6): 34−39.
35
何锐荣. 澳门红树林及其保护研究[D]. 广州: 暨南大学, 2009.
He Ruirong. Study on mangrove and its conservational strategy in Macao, China[D]. Guangzhou: Jinan University, 2009.
36
Brown M E, Pinzon J E, Didan K, et al. Evaluation of the consistency of long-term NDVI time series derived from AVHRR, SPOT-vegetation, SeaWiFS, MODIS, and Landsat ETM+ sensors[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2006, 44(7): 1787−1793.
37
吴庭天, 丁山, 陈宗铸, 等. 基于LUCC和景观格局变化的海南东寨港红树林湿地动态研究[J]. 林业科学研究, 2020, 33(5): 154−162.
Wu Tingtian, Ding Shan, Chen Zongzhu, et al. Dynamic analysis of mangrove wetlands based on LUCC and landscape pattern change in Dongzhai Port[J]. Forest Research, 2020, 33(5): 154−162.
2023年第45卷第3期
PDF下载
229
90
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023042
  • 接收时间:2022-04-01
  • 首发时间:2025-12-26
  • 出版时间:2023-03-01
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-01
  • 修回日期:2022-10-10
基金
南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州)人才团队引进重大专项(GML2019ZD0602);卫星海洋环境动力学国家重点实验室资助项目(SOEDZZ2203);国家自然科学基金NSFC—浙江两化融合联合基金重点项目(U1609202);国家自然科学基金(42076216,41376184,40976109)。
作者信息
    1 南京大学 地理与海洋科学学院,江苏 南京 210093
    2 自然资源部第二海洋研究所,浙江 杭州 310012
    3 卫星海洋环境动力学国家重点实验室,浙江 杭州 310012

通讯作者:

*陈建裕(1973-),男,浙江省慈溪市人,研究员,主要从事海岸带遥感及近海海洋遥感方面研究。E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN/10.12284/hyxb2023042
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏