Article(id=1211297842396786878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1211297835618799960, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12284/hyxb2023063, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1638288000000, receivedDateStr=2021-12-01, revisedDate=1667923200000, revisedDateStr=2022-11-09, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766725510452, onlineDateStr=2025-12-26, pubDate=1680192000000, pubDateStr=2023-03-31, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766725510452, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766725510452, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766725510452, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1211297835618799960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2023', volume='45', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='178', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766725508837, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766924525177, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1212132570683281639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1211297835618799960, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1212132570683281640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1211297835618799960, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=46, endPage=56, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1211297842627473609, articleId=1211297842396786878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Research on laboratory generation method of controllable deep water breaking waves, columnId=1194652705852465724, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Deep water breaking wave is usually generated by the wave focusing method in laboratory. A wave with a significantly increased height can be generated by the superposition of components so that wave breaks when the steepness exceeds the limit value. However, using this method, the number of wave breaking is usually not unique leading to less obvious field characteristics after breaking and it’s hard to set research cases due to the difficulty in selecting wave-making parameters. As a result, the effect and efficiency of elaborate deep water wave breaking experiments is affected directly. Theoretical wave surface was calculated by the theory of wave focusing method and theoretical wave steepness was calculated using the wave height and wavelength defined by up-cross-zero method in this paper. On the other hand, wave breaking times and intensity were obtained from the physical experiments. The JONSWAP spectrum was used as the input spectrum and the effects of wave-making parameters, such as focusing amplitude, spectrum peak frequency, frequency bandwidth, on wave breaking were discussed so as to establish an approximate quantitative relationship between breaking times and input parameters. The research conclusions can provide a reference for selection of wave-making parameters so that the efficiency of the experiment can be improved.

, correspAuthors=Shuxiu Liang, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2023 Pratacultural Science. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Qingren Xue, Shuxiu Liang, Yuanyuan Xu, Zhaochen Sun), CN=ArticleExt(id=1211297847413174725, articleId=1211297842396786878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=可控深水破碎波的实验室生成方法研究, columnId=1149698756456657529, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

实验室一般采用波浪聚焦方法生成深水破碎波,通过各组分波浪的波幅叠加生成一个波高显著增大的大波,使其波陡超过极限波陡发生破碎。利用该方法生成深水破碎波浪的破碎次数通常并不唯一,导致波浪破碎后的流场特征不明显;造波参数不易于选取导致研究工况的设置难度大,直接影响深水破碎精细化实验的效果和效率。本文采用聚焦波理论计算波面,并利用上跨零点法定义的波高和波长计算理论波陡,结合物理模型实验统计波浪沿程破碎次数与剧烈程度,研究以JONSWAP谱为造波输入谱型时,聚焦波幅、谱峰频率、频宽等造波输入参数对于波浪破碎情况的影响,从而建立深水波浪破碎次数与造波输入参数之间的近似定量关系,为实验造波参数的选取提供参考,提高实验效率。

, correspAuthors=梁书秀, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*梁书秀,女,教授,主要从事近海环境关键过程以及影响因素的模拟和实测研究。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《海洋学报》编辑部 2023, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=CxQ77xxrFlYyEy8t84gbAA==, magXml=B4b5y1oh3Ji50MbsRVEcjw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=mPefIy+60JntXr45KNi3jQ==, pdfFileSize=2482741, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=hOkKnZr7jNAYxJk1Z1XnUA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=0JG3JmjUbJUJqzW1LnQRWA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

薛庆仁(1993-),男,辽宁省庄河市人,博士生,主要从事海洋环境动力学研究。E-mail:

, authorsList=薛庆仁, 梁书秀, 许媛媛, 孙昭晨)}, authors=[Author(id=1215314000460563186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=xqrxqr@foxmail.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1215314000557032183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, authorId=1215314000460563186, language=EN, stringName=Qingren Xue, firstName=Qingren, middleName=null, lastName=Xue, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1215314001806934782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, authorId=1215314000460563186, language=CN, stringName=薛庆仁, firstName=庆仁, middleName=null, lastName=薛, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 大连理工大学 海岸与近海工程国家重点实验室,辽宁 大连 116024, bio={"content":"

薛庆仁(1993-),男,辽宁省庄河市人,博士生,主要从事海洋环境动力学研究。E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

薛庆仁(1993-),男,辽宁省庄河市人,博士生,主要从事海洋环境动力学研究。E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1215314000246653668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215314000255042276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, companyId=1215314000246653668, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 大连理工大学 海岸与近海工程国家重点实验室,辽宁 大连 116024)])]), Author(id=1215314001920180997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=sxliang@dlut.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1215314002041815821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, authorId=1215314001920180997, language=EN, stringName=Shuxiu Liang, firstName=Shuxiu, middleName=null, lastName=Liang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1215314002142479127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, authorId=1215314001920180997, language=CN, stringName=梁书秀, firstName=书秀, middleName=null, lastName=梁, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1 大连理工大学 海岸与近海工程国家重点实验室,辽宁 大连 116024, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1215314000246653668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215314000255042276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, companyId=1215314000246653668, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 大连理工大学 海岸与近海工程国家重点实验室,辽宁 大连 116024)])]), Author(id=1215314002209587995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1215314002314445602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, authorId=1215314002209587995, language=EN, stringName=Yuanyuan Xu, firstName=Yuanyuan, middleName=null, lastName=Xu, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1215314002436080426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, authorId=1215314002209587995, language=CN, stringName=许媛媛, firstName=媛媛, middleName=null, lastName=许, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 大连理工大学 海岸与近海工程国家重点实验室,辽宁 大连 116024, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1215314000246653668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215314000255042276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, companyId=1215314000246653668, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 大连理工大学 海岸与近海工程国家重点实验室,辽宁 大连 116024)])]), Author(id=1215314002524160815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1215314002612241207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, authorId=1215314002524160815, language=EN, stringName=Zhaochen Sun, firstName=Zhaochen, middleName=null, lastName=Sun, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1215314002700321599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, authorId=1215314002524160815, language=CN, stringName=孙昭晨, firstName=昭晨, middleName=null, lastName=孙, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 大连理工大学 海岸与近海工程国家重点实验室,辽宁 大连 116024, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1215314000246653668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215314000255042276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, companyId=1215314000246653668, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 大连理工大学 海岸与近海工程国家重点实验室,辽宁 大连 116024)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1215314002876482376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=wave focusing method), Keyword(id=1215314002968757070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=JONSWAP spectrum), Keyword(id=1215314003048448854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=deep water wave breaking), Keyword(id=1215314003119752024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=breaking times), Keyword(id=1215314003178472287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=波浪聚焦方法), Keyword(id=1215314003258164068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=JONSWAP谱), Keyword(id=1215314003346244456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=深水波浪破碎), Keyword(id=1215314003459490668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=破碎次数)], refs=[Reference(id=1215314008970805269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Terray E A, Donelan M A, Agrawal Y C, et al. Estimates of kinetic energy dissipation under breaking waves[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1996, 26(5): 792−807., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215314009125994524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lueck R G, Huang D, Newman D, et al. Turbulence measurement with a moored instrument[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 1997, 14(1): 143−161., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215314009260212258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ticona Rollano F, Brown A, Ellenson A, et al. Breaking waves in deep water: measurements and modeling of energy dissipation[J]. Ocean Dynamics, 2019, 69(10): 1165−1179., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215314009339904035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Callaghan A H, Deane G B, Stokes M D, et al. Observed variation in the decay time of oceanic whitecap foam[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2012, 117(C9): C09015., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215314009432178727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sutherland G, Ward B, Christensen K H. Wave-turbulence scaling in the ocean mixed layer[J]. Ocean Science, 2013, 9(4): 597−608., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215314009528647720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sullivan P P, McWilliams J C, Melville W K. Surface gravity wave effects in the oceanic boundary layer: large-eddy simulation with vortex force and stochastic breakers[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2007, 593: 405−452., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215314009591562283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=詹杰民, 李熠华. 波浪破碎的一种混合湍流模拟模式[J]. 力学学报, 2019, 51(6): 1712−1719., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215314010833076270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhan Jiemin, Li Yihua. A hybrid turbulence model for wave breaking simulation[J]. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2019, 51(6): 1712−1719., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215314010895990832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kudryavtsev V, Shrira V, Dulov V, et al. On the vertical structure of wind-driven sea currents[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 2008, 38(10): 2121−2144., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215314010984071220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lamarre E, Melville W K. Air entrainment and dissipation in breaking waves[J]. Nature, 1991, 351(6326): 469−472., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215314011072151607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lim H, Chang Kuangan, Huang Zhicheng, et al. Experimental study on plunging breaking waves in deep water[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2015, 120(3): 2007−2049., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215314011160231996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tian Zhigang, Perlin M, Choi W. Energy dissipation in two-dimensional unsteady plunging breakers and an eddy viscosity model[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2010, 655: 217−257., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215314011227340863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=12, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Rapp R J. Laboratory measurements of deep water breaking waves[D]. Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215314011298644034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张怡辉. 海浪模式白浪耗散项的改进和海洋水体混合过程的研究[D]. 大连: 大连理工大学, 2016., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215314011378335814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang Yihui. The study of whitecapping dissipation improvement in wave model and the ocean mixing process[D]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2016., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215314011449638985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Banner M L, Peirson W L. Wave breaking onset and strength for two-dimensional deep-water wave groups[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2007, 585: 93−115., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215314011525136461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Longuet-Higgins M S. Breaking waves in deep or shallow water[C]//Proceedings of the 10th Symposium on Naval Hydrodynamics. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1974., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215314011596439634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Melville W K, Veron F, White C J. The velocity field under breaking waves: coherent structures and turbulence[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2002, 454: 203−233., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215314011671937109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=常艳玲. 波浪破碎过程周期演化特征的试验研究[D]. 大连: 大连理工大学, 2016., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215314011764211800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chang Yanling. Experimental study on the evolution characteristics of wave periods of breaking waves[D]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2016., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215314011843903581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=20, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黄金刚. 二维聚焦极限波浪的模拟研究[D]. 大连: 大连理工大学, 2004., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215314011927789664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=21, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Huang Jin’gang. The study of numerical and physical simulation of two-dimensional focusing waves[D]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2004., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215314011999092835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=22, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=俞聿修. 随机波浪及其工程应用[M]. 大连: 大连理工大学出版社, 2003., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215314012066201703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yu Yuxiu. Random Wave and Its Applications for Engineering[M]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology Press, 2003., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215314012120727659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Goda Y. A comparative review on the functional forms of directional wave spectrum[J]. Coastal Engineering, 1999, 1(41): 1−20., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1215314008601706516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(51779038);国家重点研发计划—辽东湾污染防治与生态环境修复关键技术研究(2019YFC1407700)。, fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1215314000246653668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215314000255042276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, companyId=1215314000246653668, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 大连理工大学 海岸与近海工程国家重点实验室,辽宁 大连 116024)]), AuthorCompany(id=1215314000347316973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215314000351511278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, companyId=1215314000347316973, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1215314003665011577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Spatial and temporal distribution of theoretical wave surface of case Li_01, figureFileSmall=M+RDmZoUkUFVO1oCO885uw==, figureFileBig=astwii9ux0HFHHNhiSEsQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215314003736314746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, language=CN, label=图1, caption=工况Li_01理论波面时空分布, figureFileSmall=M+RDmZoUkUFVO1oCO885uw==, figureFileBig=astwii9ux0HFHHNhiSEsQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215314003853755266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Spatial and temporal distribution of theoretical wave steepness of case Li_01, figureFileSmall=7dCfuc+HjlkB9VNZxN2+RA==, figureFileBig=b/YHFD3XifLwN1gJ1tI+RQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215314003937641350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, language=CN, label=图2, caption=工况Li_01理论波陡时空分布, figureFileSmall=7dCfuc+HjlkB9VNZxN2+RA==, figureFileBig=b/YHFD3XifLwN1gJ1tI+RQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215314004029916043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=The diagram of water tank and arrangement of wave gauges, figureFileSmall=6z7IdvFVGdt0oRGrjQ5T5A==, figureFileBig=jop1AazjPonTxrj7Ar0v2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215314004101219216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, language=CN, label=图3, caption=实验水槽及浪高仪布置示意图, figureFileSmall=6z7IdvFVGdt0oRGrjQ5T5A==, figureFileBig=jop1AazjPonTxrj7Ar0v2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215314004210271125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Comparison of wave surface between measurement and theory of case Li_01, figureFileSmall=w5u4iIhaPRp0Mwo9gXbKxw==, figureFileBig=WbXKWFBX0HZZvW16nZmq3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215314004315128727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, language=CN, label=图4, caption=工况Li_01实测波面与理论计算波面对比, figureFileSmall=w5u4iIhaPRp0Mwo9gXbKxw==, figureFileBig=WbXKWFBX0HZZvW16nZmq3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215314004424180636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Comparison of wave spectrum between measurement and theory of case Li_01, figureFileSmall=m5oUUzbwSE/XTyvrbRyFag==, figureFileBig=1NwYJDb9wt4ulVG+OMB+7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215314004512261023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, language=CN, label=图5, caption=工况Li_01实测波谱与理论波谱对比, figureFileSmall=m5oUUzbwSE/XTyvrbRyFag==, figureFileBig=1NwYJDb9wt4ulVG+OMB+7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215314004587758498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Theoretical maximum wave steepness along the tank of case Li_01, Li_04, Li_07 and Li_10, figureFileSmall=QQ2yeoL2MZKxWC2ayQ+N9w==, figureFileBig=0fsBJZWaMOvIuWugKaGBBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215314004671644581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, language=CN, label=图6, caption=工况Li_01、Li_04、Li_07和Li_10波浪沿程理论最大波陡, figureFileSmall=QQ2yeoL2MZKxWC2ayQ+N9w==, figureFileBig=0fsBJZWaMOvIuWugKaGBBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215314004768113578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=The effect of the dimensionless focusing-wave-amplitiude Ak on the theoretical maximum wave steepness, figureFileSmall=7GZ1gLd7sUQpl7Wk6hD73Q==, figureFileBig=865MfwWS+7BK4o10rIMv3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215314004856193966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, language=CN, label=图7, caption=无量纲化聚焦波幅Ak对波浪全程理论最大波陡的影响, figureFileSmall=7GZ1gLd7sUQpl7Wk6hD73Q==, figureFileBig=865MfwWS+7BK4o10rIMv3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215314004935885745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=The effect of spectrum peak frequency $ {f_p} $ on coefficient $ \alpha $, figureFileSmall=jbnKOPSqQiIkyILnNwIwVg==, figureFileBig=K1JqpulbmaoggI561QDmyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215314005007188915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, language=CN, label=图8, caption=谱峰频率$ {f_p} $对系数$ \alpha $的影响, figureFileSmall=jbnKOPSqQiIkyILnNwIwVg==, figureFileBig=K1JqpulbmaoggI561QDmyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215314005099463607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=The effect of maximum wave steepness in theory on the wave breaking times along the tank, figureFileSmall=uGXubNNhWPQFwDMBpkMYVA==, figureFileBig=F/1XKTfpwFlbwmTzUW1tvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215314006374532025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, language=CN, label=图9, caption=波浪沿程理论最大波陡对破碎次数的影响, figureFileSmall=uGXubNNhWPQFwDMBpkMYVA==, figureFileBig=F/1XKTfpwFlbwmTzUW1tvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215314006517138366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=Theoretical maximum wave steepness along the tank of case Li_11, Li_13, Li_15, Li_17 and Li_19, figureFileSmall=2ZuTyPocyH/nux+5+4GOKA==, figureFileBig=Tl9LEYjXhS7f33PkiDJfoQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215314006634578883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, language=CN, label=图10, caption=工况Li_11、Li_13、Li_15、Li_17和Li_19波浪沿程理论最大波陡, figureFileSmall=2ZuTyPocyH/nux+5+4GOKA==, figureFileBig=Tl9LEYjXhS7f33PkiDJfoQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215314006739436485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, language=EN, label=Fig. 11, caption=The effect of fpf change induced by the spectrum peak frequency fp on the maximum wave steepness in theory, figureFileSmall=sDZYsNxlBAjWf4bKWzG89Q==, figureFileBig=ub+eElx25kAqfj+LdZ+Apg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215314006814933960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, language=CN, label=图11, caption=谱峰频率fp引起的fpf变化对波浪全程理论最大波陡的影响, figureFileSmall=sDZYsNxlBAjWf4bKWzG89Q==, figureFileBig=ub+eElx25kAqfj+LdZ+Apg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215314006877848524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, language=EN, label=Fig. 12, caption=The effect of Smax change induced by the spectrum peak frequency fp on the wave breaking times along the tank, figureFileSmall=qvHFEOkd6wtGyCbnzyt3qQ==, figureFileBig=aXMy1cGvq+Nszs6TK8H/QA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215314006961734608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, language=CN, label=图12, caption=谱峰频率fp引起的Smax变化对波浪全程破碎次数的影响, figureFileSmall=qvHFEOkd6wtGyCbnzyt3qQ==, figureFileBig=aXMy1cGvq+Nszs6TK8H/QA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215314007016260564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, language=EN, label=Fig. 13, caption=The effect of fp/∆f change induced by the frequency bandwidth ∆f on the maximum wave steepness in theory, figureFileSmall=qce3eRhyr8bPO1jG8teQ7g==, figureFileBig=H7l0j5d/jWpqEUy7wvVQ/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215314007167255512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, language=CN, label=图13, caption=频宽∆f引起的fp/∆f变化对波浪全程理论最大波陡的影响, figureFileSmall=qce3eRhyr8bPO1jG8teQ7g==, figureFileBig=H7l0j5d/jWpqEUy7wvVQ/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215314007246947292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, language=EN, label=Fig. 14, caption=The effect of $f_p/\Delta f $ change induced by the frequency bandwidth $ \Delta f $ on the wave breaking times along the tank, figureFileSmall=7XhcnAjbabM2V5CqXalU2A==, figureFileBig=rpaRPH23R3v8qortB+jVKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215314007318250464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, language=CN, label=图14, caption=频宽$ \Delta f $引起的$ f_p/\Delta f $变化对波浪全程破碎次数的影响, figureFileSmall=7XhcnAjbabM2V5CqXalU2A==, figureFileBig=rpaRPH23R3v8qortB+jVKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215314007414719459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, language=EN, label=Fig. 15, caption=Comparison of focusing wave amplitude A between measurement and theory under the condition of single break, figureFileSmall=oaUXtrCB7HUvziwPon/z7A==, figureFileBig=XZ4zD7h1VXoJ/vJmgLiO8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215314007490216935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, language=CN, label=图15, caption=波浪仅发生一次破碎时,聚焦波幅A实测值与计算值对比, figureFileSmall=oaUXtrCB7HUvziwPon/z7A==, figureFileBig=XZ4zD7h1VXoJ/vJmgLiO8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215314007607657454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, language=EN, label=Fig. 16, caption=The process of single break entrying into water with input calculated parameters (plunging), figureFileSmall=3/STFbbQUWIcPoVmO9eXiQ==, figureFileBig=N3kaJAyv3YjSXP8/2jJrPg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215314007695737841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, language=CN, label=图16, caption=利用计算造波参数作参考值生成的仅一次破碎波浪入水过程(卷破), figureFileSmall=3/STFbbQUWIcPoVmO9eXiQ==, figureFileBig=N3kaJAyv3YjSXP8/2jJrPg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215314007792206836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Experiment cases setting

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况聚焦波幅A/m峰频fp/Hz最小截止频率
F1/Hz
最大截止频率
FN/Hz
聚焦位置xb/m聚焦时间tb/s
注:“△”表示对应参数取值步长。
Li_01−Li_100.08,
0.10~0.13, △=0.01 m,
0.15,
0.17~0.20, △=0.01 m
0.910.601.802050
Li_11−Li_280.120.70~0.90, △=0.05 Hz,
0.95~1.35, △=0.05 Hz,
1.40~1.70, △=0.1 Hz
0.601.802050
Li_29−Li_350.120.910.50~0.55, △=0.05 Hz
0.65~0.85, △=0.05 Hz
1.802050
Li_36−Li_500.120.910.601.00~1.35, △=0.05 Hz,
1.40~2.00, △=0.1 Hz
2050
), ArticleFig(id=1215314007880287225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

实验工况设置

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况聚焦波幅A/m峰频fp/Hz最小截止频率
F1/Hz
最大截止频率
FN/Hz
聚焦位置xb/m聚焦时间tb/s
注:“△”表示对应参数取值步长。
Li_01−Li_100.08,
0.10~0.13, △=0.01 m,
0.15,
0.17~0.20, △=0.01 m
0.910.601.802050
Li_11−Li_280.120.70~0.90, △=0.05 Hz,
0.95~1.35, △=0.05 Hz,
1.40~1.70, △=0.1 Hz
0.601.802050
Li_29−Li_350.120.910.50~0.55, △=0.05 Hz
0.65~0.85, △=0.05 Hz
1.802050
Li_36−Li_500.120.910.601.00~1.35, △=0.05 Hz,
1.40~2.00, △=0.1 Hz
2050
), ArticleFig(id=1215314007980950525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Wave gauges number and locations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
浪高仪编号L1L2L3L4L5L6L7L8L9
安装位置/m8.914.51718.52021.5233032.5
), ArticleFig(id=1215314008090001410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

浪高仪编号与位置

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
浪高仪编号L1L2L3L4L5L6L7L8L9
安装位置/m8.914.51718.52021.5233032.5
), ArticleFig(id=1215314008186470406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Actual breaking times statistics of each case

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况合计参数变化参数值工况合计参数变化参数值
Li_011102聚焦波幅A递增(m)0.08Li_26沿程连续破碎破碎次数无法统计峰频fp递增(Hz)1.50
Li_0210120.10Li_271.60
Li_0310120.11Li_281.70
Li_0411130.12Li_291113最小截止频率 F1递增(Hz)0.50
Li_0511130.13Li_3011130.55
Li_0631040.15Li_0411130.60
Li_0741490.17Li_3111130.65
Li_0841270.18Li_3211130.70
Li_0951280.19Li_3321140.75
Li_1051~2410~110.20Li_3431040.80
Li_110112峰频fp递增(Hz)0.70Li_3541050.85
Li_1201120.75Li_363126最大截止频率FN递增(Hz)1.00
Li_1301010.80Li_37402~36~71.05
Li_1411020.85Li_38514~510~111.10
Li_151~2102~30.90Li_39505~610~111.15
Li_0411130.91Li_40505101.20
Li_1621030.95Li_4150491.25
Li_1741051.00Li_4240481.30
Li_1861181.05Li_4341381.35
Li_1960391.10Li_4441161.40
Li_2062>6>141.15Li_4531151.50
Li_21>72>5~6>151.20Li_4621141.60
Li_22>91>5>151.25Li_4711131.70
Li_23>101>5>161.30Li_0411131.80
Li_24>111>9>211.35Li_4911131.90
Li_25沿程连续破碎破碎次数无法统计1.40Li_5011022.00
), ArticleFig(id=1215314008400379915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211297842396786878, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

各实验工况实际破碎次数统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况合计参数变化参数值工况合计参数变化参数值
Li_011102聚焦波幅A递增(m)0.08Li_26沿程连续破碎破碎次数无法统计峰频fp递增(Hz)1.50
Li_0210120.10Li_271.60
Li_0310120.11Li_281.70
Li_0411130.12Li_291113最小截止频率 F1递增(Hz)0.50
Li_0511130.13Li_3011130.55
Li_0631040.15Li_0411130.60
Li_0741490.17Li_3111130.65
Li_0841270.18Li_3211130.70
Li_0951280.19Li_3321140.75
Li_1051~2410~110.20Li_3431040.80
Li_110112峰频fp递增(Hz)0.70Li_3541050.85
Li_1201120.75Li_363126最大截止频率FN递增(Hz)1.00
Li_1301010.80Li_37402~36~71.05
Li_1411020.85Li_38514~510~111.10
Li_151~2102~30.90Li_39505~610~111.15
Li_0411130.91Li_40505101.20
Li_1621030.95Li_4150491.25
Li_1741051.00Li_4240481.30
Li_1861181.05Li_4341381.35
Li_1960391.10Li_4441161.40
Li_2062>6>141.15Li_4531151.50
Li_21>72>5~6>151.20Li_4621141.60
Li_22>91>5>151.25Li_4711131.70
Li_23>101>5>161.30Li_0411131.80
Li_24>111>9>211.35Li_4911131.90
Li_25沿程连续破碎破碎次数无法统计1.40Li_5011022.00
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1146441459026210850, delFlag=0, nameCn=海洋学报, nameEn=Haiyang Xuebao, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=0253-4193, eissn=null, cn=11-2055/P, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=否, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=uYi7hkkrve+l8pIcwqcaQQ==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=null, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1751262543687, updatedTime=1761729782936, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=H, firstLetterEn=H, subjectCode=Natural Sciences, subjectName=Natural Sciences, subjectCodeEn=Natural Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=uYi7hkkrve+l8pIcwqcaQQ==, picEn=C0WLQb7uW3ok8EkkVOAGuw==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1190344242636624294, language=CN, name=海洋学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.hyxbocean.cn/, createdTime=1761729782971, updatedTime=1761729782971, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://www.hyxb.org.cn/aos/ch/author/login.aspx, submissionEditorUrl=http://www.hyxb.org.cn/aos/ch/login.aspx, submissionReviewUrl=http://www.hyxb.org.cn/aos/ch/auditor/login.aspx, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1190344242712121767, language=EN, name=Haiyang Xuebao, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.aosocean.com/, createdTime=1761729782989, updatedTime=1761729782989, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://www.hyxb.org.cn/aos/ch/author/login.aspx, submissionEditorUrl=http://www.hyxb.org.cn/aos/ch/login.aspx, submissionReviewUrl=http://www.hyxb.org.cn/aos/ch/auditor/login.aspx, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1149651085930835976, websiteList=[Website(id=1188165202219512001, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1149651085930835976, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1761210259251, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761210330879, updateBy=18614031015, name=海洋学报-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=海洋学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1188166688563413602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761210613623, updateTime=1761210613623, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166688538247775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761210613617, updateTime=1761210613617, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166688529859166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN/file/pic?fileId=BDEio/cxHnid8OD4QxrAYQ==, createTime=1761210613615, updateTime=1761210613615, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166688555024993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1761210613621, updateTime=1761210613621, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166688546636384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1761210613619, updateTime=1761210613619, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166688575996515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761210613626, updateTime=1761210613626, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166688596968036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761210613631, updateTime=1761210613631, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1188165202282426564, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1149651085930835976, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1761210259266, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761210377920, updateBy=18614031015, name=海洋学报-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Haiyang Xuebao, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1188166798101856873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761210639739, updateTime=1761210639739, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166798076691046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761210639733, updateTime=1761210639733, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166798068302437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/EN/file/pic?fileId=BDEio/cxHnid8OD4QxrAYQ==, createTime=1761210639731, updateTime=1761210639731, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166798093468264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1761210639737, updateTime=1761210639737, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166798085079655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1761210639735, updateTime=1761210639735, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166798106051178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761210639740, updateTime=1761210639740, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166798110245483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761210639741, updateTime=1761210639741, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=海洋学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=http://www.hyxbocean.cn/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Haiyang Xuebao, journalPhotoCn=uYi7hkkrve+l8pIcwqcaQQ==, journalPhotoEn=C0WLQb7uW3ok8EkkVOAGuw==, journalFirstLetter=H, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN/10.12284/hyxb2023063, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/EN/10.12284/hyxb2023063, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN/PDF/10.12284/hyxb2023063, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/EN/PDF/10.12284/hyxb2023063, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
可控深水破碎波的实验室生成方法研究
收藏切换
PDF下载
薛庆仁 1 , 梁书秀 1, * , 许媛媛 1 , 孙昭晨 1
海洋学报 | 论文 2023,45(4): 46-56
收起
收藏切换
海洋学报 | 论文 2023, 45(4): 46-56
可控深水破碎波的实验室生成方法研究
全屏
薛庆仁1 , 梁书秀1, * , 许媛媛1, 孙昭晨1
作者信息
  • 1 大连理工大学 海岸与近海工程国家重点实验室,辽宁 大连 116024
  • 薛庆仁(1993-),男,辽宁省庄河市人,博士生,主要从事海洋环境动力学研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*梁书秀,女,教授,主要从事近海环境关键过程以及影响因素的模拟和实测研究。E-mail:
Research on laboratory generation method of controllable deep water breaking waves
Qingren Xue1 , Shuxiu Liang1, * , Yuanyuan Xu1, Zhaochen Sun1
Affiliations
  • 1State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
出版时间: 2023-03-31 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023063
文章导航
收藏切换

实验室一般采用波浪聚焦方法生成深水破碎波,通过各组分波浪的波幅叠加生成一个波高显著增大的大波,使其波陡超过极限波陡发生破碎。利用该方法生成深水破碎波浪的破碎次数通常并不唯一,导致波浪破碎后的流场特征不明显;造波参数不易于选取导致研究工况的设置难度大,直接影响深水破碎精细化实验的效果和效率。本文采用聚焦波理论计算波面,并利用上跨零点法定义的波高和波长计算理论波陡,结合物理模型实验统计波浪沿程破碎次数与剧烈程度,研究以JONSWAP谱为造波输入谱型时,聚焦波幅、谱峰频率、频宽等造波输入参数对于波浪破碎情况的影响,从而建立深水波浪破碎次数与造波输入参数之间的近似定量关系,为实验造波参数的选取提供参考,提高实验效率。

波浪聚焦方法  /  JONSWAP谱  /  深水波浪破碎  /  破碎次数

Deep water breaking wave is usually generated by the wave focusing method in laboratory. A wave with a significantly increased height can be generated by the superposition of components so that wave breaks when the steepness exceeds the limit value. However, using this method, the number of wave breaking is usually not unique leading to less obvious field characteristics after breaking and it’s hard to set research cases due to the difficulty in selecting wave-making parameters. As a result, the effect and efficiency of elaborate deep water wave breaking experiments is affected directly. Theoretical wave surface was calculated by the theory of wave focusing method and theoretical wave steepness was calculated using the wave height and wavelength defined by up-cross-zero method in this paper. On the other hand, wave breaking times and intensity were obtained from the physical experiments. The JONSWAP spectrum was used as the input spectrum and the effects of wave-making parameters, such as focusing amplitude, spectrum peak frequency, frequency bandwidth, on wave breaking were discussed so as to establish an approximate quantitative relationship between breaking times and input parameters. The research conclusions can provide a reference for selection of wave-making parameters so that the efficiency of the experiment can be improved.

wave focusing method  /  JONSWAP spectrum  /  deep water wave breaking  /  breaking times
薛庆仁, 梁书秀, 许媛媛, 孙昭晨. 可控深水破碎波的实验室生成方法研究. 海洋学报, 2023 , 45 (4) : 46 -56 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2023063
Qingren Xue, Shuxiu Liang, Yuanyuan Xu, Zhaochen Sun. Research on laboratory generation method of controllable deep water breaking waves[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2023 , 45 (4) : 46 -56 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2023063
深水波浪破碎是引起海表湍流混合的重要原因之一,对深水波浪破碎机理的研究有助于提高对海洋表层海气相互作用的认识。对深水波浪破碎特征和机理的研究一般采用3种方法:对破碎波浪的现场观测[1-5]、数值模拟[6-8]以及实验室模拟[9-14]。其中,实验室模拟深水波浪破碎可结合声学多普勒速度测量(Acoustic Doppler Velocimetry,ADV)及粒子图像测速(Particle Image Velocimetry,PIV)等流场测量方法,对波浪破碎特征进行量化分析,与现场观测深水波浪破碎相比,实验室模拟深水波浪破碎具有可重复性,并且大大减少了现场观测的各种不确定因素。Longuet-Higgins[15]提出了利用波浪色散聚焦方法在实验室水槽中模拟深水波浪破碎。Melville等[16]也利用该方法在实验室生成深水破碎波,来研究波浪破碎后相关流场特征。该方法利用长波传播快,短波传播慢的原理,在波浪向聚焦位置传播过程中,由于组成波逐渐叠加,波面陡度逐渐增大,当其达到极限值,波形难以继续保持稳定,波浪发生破碎,若继续增加输入聚焦波幅,则聚焦点附近波浪将发生剧烈的卷破,且波浪可能不止发生一次破碎,在聚焦位置前后可能发生两次、3次甚至多次破碎[17]。波浪色散聚焦方法可在实验室使波浪定点定时发生破碎,但于初次破碎之后常常伴随着多次破碎[13];造波输入参数对于波浪破碎情况影响的定性研究表明,只增加输入的聚焦波幅可以使波浪由不破碎的稳定状态转为临界破碎的极限状态,并且随聚焦波幅的增大,波浪破碎状态由崩破转为卷破;临界破碎波高与输入频谱的相对频宽呈正相关[18]。而造波参数与波浪破碎情况之间的定量关系研究相对不足,在研究深水波浪破碎后的流场特征时,多次破碎会导致破碎后流场特征不明显,甚至前方破碎还会干扰后方破碎的流场特征。为得到仅包含一次破碎的波列,尚需要通过一定的尝试性试验来设置造波参数,否则极易造成波浪不破碎或多次破碎的情况。有学者选择研究初次破碎后的流场特征,将初次破碎称之为“clean plunging”,即未受到前方破碎影响的破碎,该方法可有效避免前方破碎对于待研究流场特征的干扰,但仍可能存在流场特征不明显的问题,因此在实验室生成仅包含一次波浪破碎的波列十分重要。另一方面,在实验室研究深水波浪破碎的统计平均特性、紊动特性时,通常采用多次重复实验与系综平均相结合的方法,该方法也可以消除单次波浪破碎实验时,由于造波机电压波动、造波信号干扰等环境因素对破碎现象产生的影响,但对于单次实验而言,环境因素对破碎现象的影响是随机的。在进行波浪破碎实验前,若仅依靠单次实验的波浪破碎现象选取造波参数,则需要进行大量的参数调整实验来确认造波参数选取的合理性,从而导致实验效率较低,因此在进行实验室波浪破碎模拟前需要得到造波参数的理论参考值。基于上述因素考虑,为提高实验室深水波浪破碎模拟的实验效率,得到仅包含一次波浪破碎的波列,本文对可控深水破碎波的实验室生成方法进行研究,拟对实验工况的设置、实验造波参数的选取提供参考。
实验室模拟波浪破碎需要对波浪破碎位置、破碎次数以及破碎强度进行控制,为在实验室物理水槽中生成可控深水破碎波,本文采用了聚焦波理论计算波面、波陡与物理模型实验相结合的研究方法。利用JONSWAP谱作为模拟频谱,首先计算出50种工况波面的理论时空分布,以此为基础采用上跨零点法定义的波高与波长计算各工况波陡的理论时空分布。物理模型实验中采用与理论计算相同的造波参数,观察实验中波浪沿程破碎位置、破碎次数、破碎强度等情况,结合理论计算结果得到造波参数对波浪破碎情况的影响,从而实现可控深水破碎波的实验室生成。
Longuet-Higgins[15]于1974年给出了不规则波的波面过程表达式,根据线性叠加原理,波浪的波面升高可以表示成
$ \eta (x,t) = \sum\limits_{i = 1}^N {{a_i}\cos ({k_i}x - {\omega _i}t + {\varphi _i})} \text{,} $
式中,$ x $为空间位置坐标;$ t $为时间坐标;N为组成波的个数;$ {a_i} $$ {k_i} $$ {\omega _i} $$ {\varphi _i} $分别为第i个组成波的波幅、波数、角频率和初始相位。
假设指定波浪在时刻$ t = {t_b} $聚焦于位置$ x = {x_b} $处,即各组成波在$ ({x_b},{t_b}) $叠加达到聚焦波幅,则各组成波初始相位应满足:
$ {\varphi _i} = - {k_i}{x_b} + {\omega _i}{t_b} + 2m{\text{π}} ,\quad m = 0, \pm 1, \pm 2, \cdots $
将上式带入波面过程表达式,并令$ m = 0 $,得到任意时刻任意位置处波面过程表达式为
$ \eta (x,t) = \sum\limits_{i = 1}^N {{a_i}\cos [{k_i}(x - {x_b}) - {\omega _i}(t - {t_b})]} .$
各组成波的波幅$ {a_i} $根据给定的波浪频谱由下式确定
$ {a_i} = \frac{{A{S_i}(\omega )\Delta {\omega _i}}}{{\displaystyle\sum\nolimits_i {{S_i}\Delta {\omega _i}} }} \text{,} $
式中,$ {S_i}(\omega ) $为模拟的频谱;A为指定聚焦波的幅值[19]
本文采用改进的JONSWAP型谱[20]作为模拟频谱。在进行波浪的物理模拟时,应使实测谱与理论谱一致,包括谱峰频率$ {f_p} $、频宽$ \Delta f $等参数的一致;由式(4)可知,聚焦波幅A决定了波浪聚焦位置处的波高,因此其也是重要的造波参数之一。利用聚焦波理论计算得到50种不同工况的理论波面时空分布。同时对理论波面采用上跨零点法定义的波高与波长计算理论波陡,可以得到任意时刻、水槽任意位置处的波陡。理论计算工况设置见表1,谱峰升高因子$ \gamma $取3.3,图1为工况Li_01的理论波面时空分布,图2为根据图1结果计算得到的理论波陡时空分布,由图2结果可得到波浪沿程在水槽各位置处可达的理论最大波陡,该值可用于分析波浪沿程破碎情况。采用控制变量法分别研究聚焦波幅A、谱峰频率$ {f_p} $、最大与最小截止频率$ {F_N} $$ {F_1} $(频宽$ \Delta f = {F_N} - {F_1} $)对于生成波浪的波面及波陡的影响,结合在水槽中物理模型实验统计得到的波浪破碎情况,研究上述造波输入参数对于波浪破碎情况的影响。
本实验在大连理工大学港口海岸及近海工程国家重点实验室波流水槽进行。实验水槽长69 m,宽2 m,高1.8 m。该水槽造波机可模拟周期范围为0.5~5.0 s的波浪,波高范围为0.03~0.5 m。实验中利用聚焦波方法,采用JONSWAP谱作为模拟频谱,为了将物理模型实验结果与聚焦波理论计算结果比较,水槽实验中造波输入参数设置与理论计算的造波参数相同,实验水深为1.5 m。通常认为水深大于0.5倍波长为深水条件,本实验以谱峰频率$ {f_p} $对应的波长定义深水条件,各工况均满足。水槽沿程布置10根浪高仪,用于测量波面时间序列,浪高仪编号与位置见表2,表中安装位置表示浪高仪与造波板平衡位置的距离,水槽及浪高仪布置示意图见图3
水槽实验中工况Li_01在理论聚焦位置(20 m)前,约17 m处发生一次较小的波浪破碎,无气泡注入水体,而在理论聚焦位置处发生一次明显的波浪卷破,之后无破碎情况发生。图4为工况Li_01各浪高仪测点位置处的实测波面与理论计算波面,经快速傅里叶变换后,得到各位置处实测波浪谱与理论计算波浪谱(图5)。由图中波面对比、波谱对比可以看出,从来浪方向距离波浪理论聚焦位置(20 m)较远处的波面,实测值与理论计算值得合较好(L1、L2);波浪在传播至聚焦位置处的过程中,各组分波浪开始叠加,波浪与波浪间的非线性相互作用逐渐增强,同时部分波能由于波浪破碎而耗散,而理论计算中不考虑各组分波浪间非线性相互作用,也不考虑波浪破碎造成的能量损失。波浪传播至靠近理论聚焦位置处(L3、L4),上述两点原因导致实测值与理论计算值产生一些差异;波浪破碎造成的能量损失与破碎次数、破碎剧烈程度呈正相关,各组分波浪间的非线性相互作用随着叠加波幅的增加而增强,结合各工况的波面、波谱对比发现,实测值和理论计算值之间的差异随着波浪破碎次数与破碎剧烈程度的增加而增大,也随波浪与聚焦位置处距离的减小而增大(L5、L6、L7)。工况Li_01波浪在浪高仪L5位置处(20 m)发生卷破,破碎时间约在48 s,略早于聚焦时间。通过对比图4中L5的波面曲线可知,波浪破碎造成的波能耗散导致L5处实测波高(约12 cm)低于计算值(约15 cm)约20%;当波浪传播过聚焦位置之后,由于色散各组分波浪逐渐分离,实测波面与理论波面在波幅较大的长波部分吻合得很好,但在波幅较小的短波部分,实测波面略低于计算值;在波谱对比中,在超过波浪聚焦处的破碎位置后,实测谱峰频率及大于谱峰频率部分谱能显著低于计算值,而小于谱峰频率部分吻合良好(L6–L10),说明在波浪沿程传播与破碎过程中,主要是谱峰频率及大于谱峰频率组分的波能损失。其他工况同样符合以上描述的规律,但对于破碎次数较多的工况(Li_19–Li_28),各浪高仪测点位置处的波面与理论计算波面均相差较大,其原因是在浪高仪L1位置之前,观察到波浪已经发生多次破碎,能量耗散严重,其影响在计算理论波面时无法忽略。综上所述,由于理论计算过程中不考虑波浪非线性作用及波浪破碎的影响,理论计算波面与实际波面存在一定差别,在波浪非线性作用不明显及波浪破碎次数较少时,二者间的差别很小,理论波面可用于复现实际波面。
物理模型实验的工况设置以Li_04的造波输入参数为基础,通过控制变量法分别改变单一造波输入参数,在实验中观察并统计波浪破碎情况,以此研究不同造波输入参数对于波浪破碎情况的影响。
根据以上理论计算波面、波谱与物理模型实验中得到的实测值的对比,可认为在破碎次数较少的情况下,理论计算波面可用于复现实际波面,即理论计算波陡可代表实际波陡。对于破碎次数较多的情况,理论计算波面、波陡与实际波面、波陡会由于波浪破碎能量损失较多而产生较大的差异,但实验过程中观察到的不同工况实际波浪破碎情况发现,理论计算波陡仍可用于衡量波浪破碎可能发生的次数与剧烈程度。
表3为物理模型实验中沿水槽观察到的波浪发生明显破碎的次数。由于本实验各工况主要聚焦位置为20 m,为方便统计波浪破碎情况,表中前、中、后分别代表聚焦位置前(小于20 m)、聚焦位置处(20 m附近)、聚焦位置后(大于20 m)。
聚焦波幅表示波浪聚焦位置处的波幅,是实验室生成聚焦波的重要参数之一,工况Li_01–Li_10的控制变量为聚焦波幅A。由破碎次数统计可明显看出,随A值的增大,波浪破碎次数呈增加趋势,更为详细的破碎情况统计表明,在波浪破碎次数增加的同时,波浪首次破碎位置也有所提前,说明波浪首次达到极限波陡的位置随A值的增大而提前。通过图2可提取各工况的波浪沿程可达到的理论最大波陡,图6为在不考虑波浪破碎与沿程波能损失的前提下,工况Li_01、Li_04、Li_07、Li_10波浪沿程可达到的理论最大波陡。
图6可看出,随着A值的增大,波浪沿程各位置处可达到的理论最大波陡Smax均有所增加,在靠近聚焦位置(20 m)处,波高相近的各组分波浪即将叠加达到聚焦波幅,它们的空间位置相距较近,导致在聚焦位置前小范围内波面较平坦,理论最大波陡明显降低,随后各组分波浪叠加达到聚焦波幅,理论最大波陡明显增大。波浪全程可达到的理论最大波陡与A呈正比关系,利用波浪全程理论最大波陡处的波数作无量纲化处理后即
$ {S_{ \max }} = \alpha Ak \text{,} $
式中,k为波浪全程理论最大波陡位置处的波数,可采用上跨零点法定义的波长计算得到。当谱峰频率$ {f_p}{\text{ = }}0.91\;{\text{Hz}} $时,系数$ \alpha {\text{ = }}0.22 $图7);进一步的统计结果(工况Li_11–Li_28,图8)表明,系数$ \alpha $$ {f_p}/\Delta f $线性相关:
$ \alpha = 0.097{f_{{p}}}/\Delta f + 0.14\,. $
综合可得:
$ {S_{ \max }} = (0.097{f_p}/\Delta f + 0.14)Ak\, . $
根据波浪破碎的几何判据,当波陡达到极限波陡时,波浪开始发生破碎,结合实验中观察到的破碎次数与破碎位置统计可知,以波浪聚焦方法生成深水波浪的波陡$ {S_{ \max }} $在0.06~0.08左右时,波浪即开始发生破碎,破碎后由于波能损失,实际波陡无法达到理论计算的最大波陡值,但破碎次数随理论最大波陡近似线性增加。从图9可以看出,当$ {S_{ \max }} $较小时($ {S_{ \max }} < 0.1 $),破碎次数的变化较缓慢,结合实验过程中观察到的破碎现象发现,$ {S_{ \max }} $较小时,增大$ {S_{ \max }} $虽然不会改变破碎次数,但会使破碎剧烈程度增加;而$ {S_{ \max }} $较大时($ {S_{ \max }} > 0.1 $),增大$ {S_{ \max }} $会使破碎次数明显增加。为使研究结论较简洁,本文将二者近似为线性关系如下:
$ Br = 94{S_{ \max }} - 5.3 \text{,} $
式中,Br为破碎次数。
谱峰频率表示谱峰值对应的波浪频率,物理实验中模拟波浪频谱需要对谱进行高频和低频截断,不同的截断位置对应的频宽、谱能和波浪组分能量分布不同,对波浪破碎情况会产生很大影响,工况Li_11–Li_28的控制变量为谱峰频率$ {f_p} $,工况Li_29–Li_35的控制变量为最小截断频率$ {F_1} $,工况Li_36–Li_50的控制变量为最大截断频率$ {F_N} $图10为在不考虑波浪破碎与沿程波能损失前提下,工况Li_11、Li_13、Li_15、Li_17、Li_19波浪沿水槽传播各位置处所能达到的理论最大波陡。
图10可知,在截断频率的区间内可以包含大部分谱能时,波浪沿程各位置可达到的最大波陡与谱峰频率$ {f_p} $正相关,图11中黑色实线为根据式(7)计算得到的波浪全程可达到的理论最大波陡,空心圆点为根据理论波面计算得到的波浪全程可达到的理论最大波陡。二者拟合良好,说明可利用式(7)计算波浪全程可达到的理论最大波陡$ {S_{ \max }} $图12中黑色实线为根据式(8)计算得到的波浪可能破碎的次数,空心圆点为实验中实际统计的波浪破碎次数,工况Li_11–Li_19破碎次数不超过10次,式(8)计算得到的破碎次数与实际破碎次数相近,可以作为衡量波浪可能破碎次数的参考。
截断频率的选取决定了造波时模拟频谱包含的波浪组分及其能量分布,通常截取的频率区间应包含大部分谱能[19],工况Li_29–Li_50通过设置不同的最小、最大截断频率改变频宽$ \Delta f $图13为频宽改变对理论最大波陡的影响,可见相对于波浪的聚焦波幅和谱峰频率,频宽的改变对理论最大波陡的影响很小。但另一方面,根据对波浪破碎次数的统计发现(图14),当频宽变窄时,波浪破碎次数明显增加。上述特征说明,当截取的频宽较窄时,波能集中在较窄的频率范围内,不利于物理模型实验中对于波浪的模拟,截取频宽较窄时,由于各波浪组分包含的能量均有所增加,各组分波浪的波高也随之增加,各组分波浪更易于破碎。对于实测波面和理论计算波面的更进一步对比发现,当截取频宽较窄时,二者吻合程度较差。根据实验统计结果,当$ {f_p}/\Delta f < 0.9 $时,继续增大频宽对于波浪破碎情况影响较小,截取的频率区间可包含大部分谱能,可保证实测波面和理论计算波面一致性较好,各波浪组分间的能量与波高的分布较分散,使得各组分波浪在叠加前不易破碎。因此,较宽的截断频率区间有利于生成可控的实验室深水破碎波。
结合上述理论计算与物理模型实验得到的各参数对于聚焦波浪破碎情况的影响,拟生成仅包含一次破碎的深水波。本实验在大连理工大学港口海岸及近海工程国家重点实验室波流水槽进行。实验设置谱峰频率$ {f_p} $=0.76 Hz,0.8 Hz,0.85 Hz,0.91 Hz,0.95 Hz,1 Hz,1.05 Hz,1.1 Hz,1.15 Hz,1.2 Hz,1.25 Hz,为使频宽不影响波浪破碎次数,须在包含谱峰频率的基础上满足$ {f_p}/\Delta f < 0.9 $,故实验设置频宽$ \Delta f $=1.4 Hz;,即$ {f_p}/\Delta f $=0.54,0.57,0.61,0.65,0.68,0.71,075,0.79,0.82,0.86,0.89。
根据式(7)和式(8),破碎次数为
$ Br = (9.118{f_{{p}}}/\Delta f + 13.16)Ak - 5.3 . $
分别令破碎次数Br = 0,1,2,则可得到波浪传播全程破碎次数为0, 1, 2时的A值。如图15,其中圆点值为水槽实验中实际测量得到的波浪仅一次破碎时的A值,其中当Br = 1时,利用式(9)计算得到的聚焦波幅A值与实际测量值吻合较好,可作为聚焦波幅值选取的参考值。利用JONSWAP谱波浪聚焦方法造波时,可利用式(9)的计算值作为初始造波参数,结合实际波浪破碎情况经过微调即可生成仅发生一次破碎的波浪。图16为造波输入参数$ {f_p} $=0.76 Hz,$ {F_1} $=0.5 Hz,$ {F_N} $=1.9 Hz,A=0.12 m,$ {x_b} $=25.5 m,$ {t_b} $=58 s时,于水槽25.5 m处拍摄到的波浪破碎入水全过程,该过程为波浪传播全程中发生的仅有的一次破碎,在此聚焦幅值附近微调A值,可对破碎剧烈程度进行控制。其他实验工况利用式(9)也均可生成仅包含一次破碎的波浪。
本文旨在研究可控深水破碎波的实验室生成方法,采用JONSWAP谱作为造波输入谱型,利用波浪聚焦方法生成深水破碎波,通过聚焦波理论计算理论波面和理论波陡,结合实验室水槽实验统计的波浪破碎次数和剧烈程度、破碎位置和时间,得到深水波浪破碎次数与造波各输入参数之间的近似定量关系。
随输入聚焦波幅A的增大,详细的破碎情况统计表明,在波浪破碎次数增加的同时,波浪首次破碎位置也有所提前,说明波浪首次达到极限波陡的位置随A值的增大而提前。波浪全程可达到的理论最大波陡$ {S_{ \max }} $A成正比关系,而波浪破碎次数Br$ {S_{ \max }} $近似线性增加:
$ Br = 94{S_{ \max }} - 5.3 . $
当造波截断的频率区间(即频宽$ \Delta f $)较窄时,波浪破碎次数较多,不利于物理模型实验中对于深水波浪破碎的模拟,较宽的截断频率区间有利于生成可控的实验室深水破碎波;当$ {f_p}/\Delta f < 0.9 $时,继续增大频宽对于波浪破碎情况影响较小,实测波面和理论计算波面一致性较好,各组分波浪在叠加前不易破碎。
波浪破碎次数Br与各造波参数间符合如下关系:
$ Br = (9.118{f_p}/\Delta f + 13.16)Ak - 5.3 . $
当设置波浪破碎次数为1,利用JONSWAP谱波浪聚焦方法造波时,利用上式计算得到的聚焦波幅A值与实际测量值吻合较好,结合实际波浪破碎情况经过微调即可生成仅包含一次波浪破碎的波列。本文研究结果在物理模型实验的基础上结合了聚焦波理论计算,因此并不局限应用于特定波浪水槽,但对于更宽的谱峰频率范围、更大的聚焦幅值,生成仅包含一次波浪破碎的波列的造波参数选取方法仍需要进一步研究。
  • 国家自然科学基金(51779038);国家重点研发计划—辽东湾污染防治与生态环境修复关键技术研究(2019YFC1407700)。
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
1
Terray E A, Donelan M A, Agrawal Y C, et al. Estimates of kinetic energy dissipation under breaking waves[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1996, 26(5): 792−807.
2
Lueck R G, Huang D, Newman D, et al. Turbulence measurement with a moored instrument[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 1997, 14(1): 143−161.
3
Ticona Rollano F, Brown A, Ellenson A, et al. Breaking waves in deep water: measurements and modeling of energy dissipation[J]. Ocean Dynamics, 2019, 69(10): 1165−1179.
4
Callaghan A H, Deane G B, Stokes M D, et al. Observed variation in the decay time of oceanic whitecap foam[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2012, 117(C9): C09015.
5
Sutherland G, Ward B, Christensen K H. Wave-turbulence scaling in the ocean mixed layer[J]. Ocean Science, 2013, 9(4): 597−608.
6
Sullivan P P, McWilliams J C, Melville W K. Surface gravity wave effects in the oceanic boundary layer: large-eddy simulation with vortex force and stochastic breakers[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2007, 593: 405−452.
7
詹杰民, 李熠华. 波浪破碎的一种混合湍流模拟模式[J]. 力学学报, 2019, 51(6): 1712−1719.
Zhan Jiemin, Li Yihua. A hybrid turbulence model for wave breaking simulation[J]. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2019, 51(6): 1712−1719.
8
Kudryavtsev V, Shrira V, Dulov V, et al. On the vertical structure of wind-driven sea currents[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 2008, 38(10): 2121−2144.
9
Lamarre E, Melville W K. Air entrainment and dissipation in breaking waves[J]. Nature, 1991, 351(6326): 469−472.
10
Lim H, Chang Kuangan, Huang Zhicheng, et al. Experimental study on plunging breaking waves in deep water[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2015, 120(3): 2007−2049.
11
Tian Zhigang, Perlin M, Choi W. Energy dissipation in two-dimensional unsteady plunging breakers and an eddy viscosity model[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2010, 655: 217−257.
12
Rapp R J. Laboratory measurements of deep water breaking waves[D]. Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986.
13
张怡辉. 海浪模式白浪耗散项的改进和海洋水体混合过程的研究[D]. 大连: 大连理工大学, 2016.
Zhang Yihui. The study of whitecapping dissipation improvement in wave model and the ocean mixing process[D]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2016.
14
Banner M L, Peirson W L. Wave breaking onset and strength for two-dimensional deep-water wave groups[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2007, 585: 93−115.
15
Longuet-Higgins M S. Breaking waves in deep or shallow water[C]//Proceedings of the 10th Symposium on Naval Hydrodynamics. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1974.
16
Melville W K, Veron F, White C J. The velocity field under breaking waves: coherent structures and turbulence[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2002, 454: 203−233.
17
常艳玲. 波浪破碎过程周期演化特征的试验研究[D]. 大连: 大连理工大学, 2016.
Chang Yanling. Experimental study on the evolution characteristics of wave periods of breaking waves[D]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2016.
18
黄金刚. 二维聚焦极限波浪的模拟研究[D]. 大连: 大连理工大学, 2004.
Huang Jin’gang. The study of numerical and physical simulation of two-dimensional focusing waves[D]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2004.
19
俞聿修. 随机波浪及其工程应用[M]. 大连: 大连理工大学出版社, 2003.
Yu Yuxiu. Random Wave and Its Applications for Engineering[M]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology Press, 2003.
20
Goda Y. A comparative review on the functional forms of directional wave spectrum[J]. Coastal Engineering, 1999, 1(41): 1−20.
2023年第45卷第4期
PDF下载
219
93
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023063
  • 接收时间:2021-12-01
  • 首发时间:2025-12-26
  • 出版时间:2023-03-31
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2021-12-01
  • 修回日期:2022-11-09
基金
国家自然科学基金(51779038);国家重点研发计划—辽东湾污染防治与生态环境修复关键技术研究(2019YFC1407700)。
作者信息
    1 大连理工大学 海岸与近海工程国家重点实验室,辽宁 大连 116024

通讯作者:

*梁书秀,女,教授,主要从事近海环境关键过程以及影响因素的模拟和实测研究。E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN/10.12284/hyxb2023063
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏