Article(id=1211297765301285352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1211297760624644861, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12284/hyxb2023009, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1652025600000, receivedDateStr=2022-05-09, revisedDate=1661270400000, revisedDateStr=2022-08-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766725492071, onlineDateStr=2025-12-26, pubDate=1675180800000, pubDateStr=2023-02-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766725492071, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766725492071, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766725492071, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1211297760624644861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2023', volume='45', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='150', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766725490957, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766734526247, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1211335657419567924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1211297760624644861, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1211335657419567925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1211297760624644861, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=118, endPage=129, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1211297765670384117, articleId=1211297765301285352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=A method of seafloor geographic entity boundary recognition based on D-P algorithm and optimal path, columnId=1194652705852465724, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The delimitation and naming of seabed geographic entities is one of the hot research issues in the field of international maritime rights and interests. However, due to the lack of quantitative definition technology for the boundaries of seabed geographic entities, the determination of the boundaries is inevitably artificial. For this reason, this paper proposes a method for the boundary delineation of seabed geographic entities based on the D-P algorithm and optimal path. Convert the high-resolution bathymetry model into a two-dimensional bathymetry matrix, conduct cross-section analysis from the horizontal and vertical directions, and use extreme point simplification and D-P algorithm for quadratic simplification. In this way, the automatic division of the mountain body and its base of a single seamount is realized; on this basis, the method of path optimization is used to realize the automatic segmentation of conjoined seamounts. The method has been verified in the delineation of seabed geographic entities in the South China Sea and achieved good application results.

, correspAuthors=Ziyin Wu, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2023 Pratacultural Science. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Binghao Cui, Ziyin Wu, Dineng Zhao, Fanlin Yang, Zhihao Liu, Yibin Yao, Zhongmiao Sun), CN=ArticleExt(id=1211297768916775543, articleId=1211297765301285352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=基于D-P算法和最优路径的海山地理实体边界划定方法, columnId=1149698756456657529, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

海底地理实体的划定与命名是当前国际海洋权益领域的热点研究问题之一。然而,由于海底地理实体边界的量化界定技术缺乏,导致其界线确定不可避免地存在人为性,为此,本文提出了一种基于D-P算法和最优路径的海底地理实体边界划定方法。将高分辨率水深模型转换为二维水深矩阵,从横向与纵向进行剖面分析,采用极值点简化和D-P算法进行二次简化的方法,通过坡度变化定位和基部高程定位等基本条件综合判断,从而实现了单体海山的山体与其基部的自动划分;在此基础上,采用路径寻优的方法实现了连体型海山的自动分割。该方法在南海海底地理实体划定中进行了验证,取得了良好的应用效果。

, correspAuthors=吴自银, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*吴自银(1972-),男,河南省光山县人,研究员,研究方向为多波束海底地形地貌探测与研究。E-mail:
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崔丙浩(1997-),男,山东省东营市人,主要从事多波束海底地形地貌及海洋地球物理勘测研究。E-mail:

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2 自然资源部第二海洋研究所,浙江 杭州 310012
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崔丙浩(1997-),男,山东省东营市人,主要从事多波束海底地形地貌及海洋地球物理勘测研究。E-mail:

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Figures a, b, c and d are the steps of eliminating redundant points

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图a,b,c和d为剔除冗余点步骤

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Where pentagram is the location of the selected geographical entity

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图中五角星为选定的地理实体位置

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基于D-P算法和最优路径的海山地理实体边界划定方法
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崔丙浩 1, 2, 3 , 吴自银 1, 2, 3, * , 赵荻能 2, 3, 7 , 阳凡林 1 , 刘志豪 2, 3, 4 , 姚宜斌 5 , 孙中苗 6
海洋学报 | 论文 2023,45(2): 118-129
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海洋学报 | 论文 2023, 45(2): 118-129
基于D-P算法和最优路径的海山地理实体边界划定方法
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崔丙浩1, 2, 3 , 吴自银1, 2, 3, * , 赵荻能2, 3, 7, 阳凡林1, 刘志豪2, 3, 4, 姚宜斌5, 孙中苗6
作者信息
  • 1 山东科技大学 测绘与空间信息学院,山东 青岛 266590
  • 2 自然资源部第二海洋研究所,浙江 杭州 310012
  • 3 自然资源部海底科学重点实验室,浙江 杭州 310012
  • 4 上海交通大学 海洋学院,上海 200030
  • 5 武汉大学 测绘学院,湖北 武汉 430072
  • 6 西安测绘研究所,陕西 西安 710054
  • 7 东海实验室,浙江 舟山 316021
  • 崔丙浩(1997-),男,山东省东营市人,主要从事多波束海底地形地貌及海洋地球物理勘测研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*吴自银(1972-),男,河南省光山县人,研究员,研究方向为多波束海底地形地貌探测与研究。E-mail:
A method of seafloor geographic entity boundary recognition based on D-P algorithm and optimal path
Binghao Cui1, 2, 3 , Ziyin Wu1, 2, 3, * , Dineng Zhao2, 3, 7, Fanlin Yang1, Zhihao Liu2, 3, 4, Yibin Yao5, Zhongmiao Sun6
Affiliations
  • 1College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
  • 2The Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
  • 3Key Laboratory of Submarine Science, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
  • 4School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China
  • 5School of Geodesy and Geomatics , Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
  • 6Xi'an Institute of Surveying and Mapping, Xi'an 710054, China
  • 7Donghai Laboratory, Zhoushan 316021, China
出版时间: 2023-02-01 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023009
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海底地理实体的划定与命名是当前国际海洋权益领域的热点研究问题之一。然而,由于海底地理实体边界的量化界定技术缺乏,导致其界线确定不可避免地存在人为性,为此,本文提出了一种基于D-P算法和最优路径的海底地理实体边界划定方法。将高分辨率水深模型转换为二维水深矩阵,从横向与纵向进行剖面分析,采用极值点简化和D-P算法进行二次简化的方法,通过坡度变化定位和基部高程定位等基本条件综合判断,从而实现了单体海山的山体与其基部的自动划分;在此基础上,采用路径寻优的方法实现了连体型海山的自动分割。该方法在南海海底地理实体划定中进行了验证,取得了良好的应用效果。

地理实体  /  山脚点  /  D-P算法  /  路径寻优  /  边界识别

The delimitation and naming of seabed geographic entities is one of the hot research issues in the field of international maritime rights and interests. However, due to the lack of quantitative definition technology for the boundaries of seabed geographic entities, the determination of the boundaries is inevitably artificial. For this reason, this paper proposes a method for the boundary delineation of seabed geographic entities based on the D-P algorithm and optimal path. Convert the high-resolution bathymetry model into a two-dimensional bathymetry matrix, conduct cross-section analysis from the horizontal and vertical directions, and use extreme point simplification and D-P algorithm for quadratic simplification. In this way, the automatic division of the mountain body and its base of a single seamount is realized; on this basis, the method of path optimization is used to realize the automatic segmentation of conjoined seamounts. The method has been verified in the delineation of seabed geographic entities in the South China Sea and achieved good application results.

geographical entity  /  foothills  /  D-P algorithm  /  path optimization  /  boundary recognition
崔丙浩, 吴自银, 赵荻能, 阳凡林, 刘志豪, 姚宜斌, 孙中苗. 基于D-P算法和最优路径的海山地理实体边界划定方法. 海洋学报, 2023 , 45 (2) : 118 -129 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2023009
Binghao Cui, Ziyin Wu, Dineng Zhao, Fanlin Yang, Zhihao Liu, Yibin Yao, Zhongmiao Sun. A method of seafloor geographic entity boundary recognition based on D-P algorithm and optimal path[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2023 , 45 (2) : 118 -129 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2023009
海底地理实体命名,是指将海底划分为可测量、可划分边界的地貌单元,并赋予其标准名称。海底地理实体命名是当前全球海洋权益领域的热点方向。规范化的海底命名具有重要的科学意义、社会意义和文化传播价值[1-3]。关于海底地名的命名工作,最早可追溯到1899年,在第七届国际地理大会上,由两位德国科学家提出建立海洋地理实体命名国际协议的建议。当前,包括美国、德国、俄罗斯、日本、韩国、法国等很多世界沿海发达国家高度重视海底地理实体命名工作,并成立了专门的海底命名委员会。我国海底地理实体命名工作起步相对较晚,不仅直接关系到我国海洋权益的维护,还涉及海域地名的规范化使用,因此在海底地理实体界线的量化界定方面需要加强研究[4-5]
当前,海底地理实体界线的划定缺乏专业软件,多采用人机交互方式勾绘,其主观性大、工作量大、历时长,难以进行大范围地理实体界线的准确提取[6-7]。国内外学者对一些典型的地貌单元进行了识别技术的探索。如:Sánchez-Guillamón等[8]通过构建区域平坦海底与真实的海底相减,对处理后的数据设置高度阈值判别,实现了海丘边界的识别;吴自银等[9]通过对坡度、坡度导数和D-P剖面的有效分析实现了大陆坡脚点的自动识别;周庆杰等[10]通过计算DBM的坡度并设置不同阈值判别实现了海底滑坡的识别;另外刘丽强等[11]也对地理实体命名编制工作展开探讨。上述等人的探索对中国海域海底地理实体边界的量化界定研究提供了重要的科学参考,为中国海海底地理实体的科学认知奠定了基础[12-17]。目前,全球大部分海域的海底数字水深模型(Digital Bathymetric Model,DBM)的精度不高,加大了海底地理实体边界界定的难度[18-20]
针对上述问题,本文提出了一种基于D-P算法和最优路径的海山类地理实体边界线的识别技术方法,该方法从山脚线与山体分割线两部分入手,结合海山的地形、坡度以及二阶导数等特征参数对海山地形特征进行剖面分析[21-22],实现山脚点(Foot of Mountain, FOM)自动识别。在山脚线识别基础上,使用路径寻优的方法实现连体山的合理分割。
准确认识海山地貌是圈定海山范围的开始。从海山宏观的地形特征看,海山是清晰可辨的、大体呈等维展布的海底高地,从环绕海山主体的最深等深线算起,顶部与周围地势起伏高差(相对高度)大于1 000 m。海山由山顶、鞍部、山脚等一系列基本地貌元素构成,它们各自表现出不同的形态特征,基本以单独个体或者连体的状态发育在海盆或者陆坡上。海山边界线是海底地理实体命名研究中圈定海山实体范围的界线,完整的海山边界主要由山脚线和山体分割线两部分构成,山脚线是海山山体与其基部的界线。另外,连体海山分割是一个值得探索的问题。海山边界线不仅能够勾勒出海山的整体形状,更对海山的精确识别、海山所在区域的构造演化等方面都具有一定的参考意义[23-25]
海底地形表面高低起伏变化的形态,实质上是由不同坡面形成的,相邻坡面上的交线[26],即相邻特征点的连线,称为地形特征线。圈定海山范围的山脚线就是一种不同坡面的交线[27]。海山山脚线的基部区域,往往表现为坡度较平缓的过渡地带。由山脚线向上,等高线密集,地势起伏较大,坡面较陡,山脊和山谷等高线十分明显;山脚线向下,等高线稀疏、地势平缓,地面坡度较小,无法看出明显的山体特征(图1a)。
鞍部(垭口)是连体海山的自然分界线。正常垭口处如图1b Ⅱ部分地貌特征明显,起伏平滑呈一个明显的“U”型,但也有海山垭口处如图1b Ⅰ部分地貌复杂多变高程变化起伏不定,虽垭口整体高程相对于山体有明显降低,但在这种垭口地貌进行界定时难以找到一个合适的分界线。
如何量化确定海山地理实体的边界是本文重要内容。本文从处理好的水深数据出发,将切割的海底地形网格模型转化为二维矩阵数据;然后从横向和纵向两个方向构建山体地形的剖面切线,以海底地形剖面反映的高程变化为直接依据,结合坡度及二阶导变化等条件来准确定量地识别出海山山脚点的位置。考虑到山体基部存在凹包的情况,需要消除符合凹包特征的点,然后选取最靠近山体的点,依据山体特征是最明显的地貌特征,从山体本身往两侧外部出发,综合判断识别出山脚点,从而实现山体与基部区域的划分。
海山作为一种三级地理实体,其范围非常小并且基本为独立的个体,在识别山脚点的过程中需要考虑细节特征,需要排除偶然性小地形的干扰,采用极值点和D-P算法二次拟合来简化原始地形剖面的方法,以保证在二阶导数极值点基础上更快地分析确定山脚点位置。参考陆地上1∶1000000地貌制图规范,选择地形坡度7°来划分山体与深海平原[28-29]
在划分好单体山体和基部后,以路径搜索的方式确定连体海山的分界线,首先进行地形因子计算并对地形数据重分类,然后分配权重、合成数据集、根据成本距离权重函数计算最短路径,从而实现连体海山的边界圈定。
坡度(S)主要反映了地面的陡缓程度,地理实体上任意一点的坡度是指过该点的切平面与水平地面的夹角,在数值上等于过该点的地貌微分单元的法矢量与z轴的夹角,表示为式(1)。
$ S = \arccos \left(\frac{{\vec z \cdot \vec n }}{{\left| {\vec z } \right| \cdot \left| {\vec n } \right|}}\right) \text{.} $
完整的数学表示为
$ S = {{\rm{arctg}}}\sqrt {\mathop {\mathop f\nolimits_x }\nolimits^2 + \mathop {\mathop f\nolimits_y }\nolimits^2 } \text{,} $
式中,fxx方向高程变化率;fyy方向高程变化率。
地势起伏度(R)是对地貌形态划分和表述的一个重要参数。地势起伏度是在某一确定面积区域内计算高程最大点(Hmax)与高程最小点(Hmin)之间的高程差,常用来评估海底地理实体表面的起伏高度和起伏密度,其计算模型为
$ R = H_{\max} - H_{\min} . $
Douglas-Peukcer算法由D.Douglas和T.Peueker提出,简称D-P算法,是线状要素化简的经典算法。其基本思路是:首先将曲线的两端点(图2a中H0、H6两点)连成一条直线(图2a绿色虚线),求中间所有点到该直线的距离(图2a红色直线),计算di,采用计算公式如式(4)所示,并找出最大距离值dmax与所设阈值D相比,若dmaxD,保留dmax相应的坐标点,并以该点为界,把曲线分为两部分,如图2b中以H3号点为界,然后再次对分界的两部分重复上述操作,由于图2b中H0−H3部分的dmax<D,故将H1号点和H2号点删除如图2c。另一部分则重复该操作,依此类推,直至搜索完曲线所有点并保留下特征点[30]
$ {d_i} = {\rm{abs}}\left[ {\frac{{\left( {{H_{nx}} - {H_{1x}}} \right) \times \left( {{H_{1y}} - {H_{iy}}} \right) - \left( {{H_{1x}} - {H_{ix}}} \right) \times \left( {{H_{ny}} - {H_{1y}}} \right)}}{{\sqrt {{{({H_{nx}} - {H_{1x}})}^2} + {{({H_{ny}} - {H_{1y}})}^2}} }}} \right] . $
Dijkstra算法由荷兰科学家Dijkstra提出,是一种使用广度优先搜索解决了赋权有向图或者无向图的单源最短路径问题的方法,其中最短路径是指从某一点出发到达另外一点所经过的边的权重和最小的一条路径。
该算法采用一种贪心策略(图3),基本思路如下:首先确定算法基本规则,用一个数组S保存原点到各顶点的最短距离,用一个集合保存已知最短路径的顶点T,原点的路径权重被赋为0,在集合S中如果该点可以直接到达其他顶点,则将记录该距离,如果无法到达则记录为无穷大。算法开始时集合T只有原点A点,然后从数组S中选择距离的最小值,则该值就是原点到该顶点的最短路径,并将该点作为探索过的点放入集合T中,这就完成一个初步的探索,再确定好新的顶点后分析新顶点可以到达的其他顶点,然后比较通过该顶点到达其他点的路径长度是否比从原点直接出发到达短,如果是,那么就替换这些顶点在数组S中对应的最短路径,重复上述操作,直到集合T中包含了需要探索的所有顶点[31-32]
本文基于已有的数字水深模型,通过数据预处理、切割网格、二维水深转换、二次简化剖面、二次求导、综合判断以及路径寻优提取分割线等步骤实现了海山山体边界线的识别(图4),具体步骤如下:
(1)数据预处理。对原始多波束数据进行预处理。
(2)网格切割。对处理好的海底地形网格模型选取合适区域的实验山体进行切割。
(3)转换二维水深矩阵。将切割好的网格转换为二维水深矩阵,从横向纵向两个方向获取一系列原始的水深剖面(图5a)。
(1)获取极值点剖面。对单条原始地形剖面进行求导获取原始剖面的坡度(图5b)和二阶导剖面(图5c),根据二阶导的极值点位置保留原始地形剖面数据点组成极值点剖面(图5d)。
(2)D-P算法简化剖面。采用D-P算法在极值点地形剖面中根据所设阈值计算符合要求的数据点集,并形成新的地形剖面(图5e),另外在该算法中阈值的设定通常为18左右,只有基部特征点较少的情况下会调整降低阈值。
(3)二次求导定位。将二次简化后的D-P剖面进行第二次求导,求取前后的坡度差值,目的是获得D-P剖面数据点的坡度变化情况,根据坡度差值保留D-P剖面中前后坡度变化大的点。
(4)基部高程分析定位。对区域网格进行深度分类,获得基部区域的平均深度,设置高程阈值为高于基部区域平均深度200 m,利用高程阈值过滤掉山体上及山顶坡度变化范围大的点。
(5)综合判断,定位山脚点。根据已确定的判断原则识别山脚点(图5f)以及判断山体是否为连体状态,如果是连体海山则进行以下相连山体的分割工作。另外已确定的判断原则除上述坡度差值定位及高程定位判断原则外还包括就近性筛选原则,就近性指筛选靠近山体内侧的点,目的是山体边缘区域受微小地貌及假地形的干扰影响山脚点真实存在的判断。
(1)派生数据重分类。将处理好的网格数据进行地形因子计算得到区域的起伏度数据和坡度数据,然后对新得到的数据进行重分类,方便成本数据的合成。
(2)权重分配合成数据集。将重分类好的地形数据做一个叠加计算生成成本数据集。
(3)计算成本距离权重函数。以合成的成本数据集为基础,计算两山脚点之间的累计行程成本以及给出最小累计成本路径上下1个相邻像元的方向。
(4)最短路径求取。根据山脚点的位置、上述生成的成本距离栅格以及回溯链接栅格,利用Dijkstra算法搜索生成最短路径。
本文选择南海中部作为研究区域。该区海底地形数据采集于2006年,所使用的多波束测深系统为德国ELAC公司的SeaBeam2012深水多波束系统,可实时采集测深信息和反向散射强度数据等。在地理实体划分之前,经过了数据滤波、各项改正以及海底数字模型构建等。基于高分辨率水深网格构建的海底三维地形图,可以直观地看出海山地貌单元的形态及走向,在此基础上,选取典型的3个海山区域进行研究[33-34]图6)。
在实际应用中,FOM的判断易受多种因素的影响,在判别时要考虑多种复杂情况。图7a1图7a4分别展示了山体边界不同位置上的4种地形剖面。图7a1图7a2为从横向和纵向两个方向穿越靠近山体中心位置的典型剖面,符合明显的“山体基部−山体−山体基部”组合特征,很易识别出山脚点FOM的位置如图7b1图7b2。在这种经典的山体剖面中含有很多的山体基部点,做剖面分析的时候极易受到基部小地形起伏的影响,阈值的选取会偏大一点,在保留局部地形的基本形态下避免小地形的影响。
图7a3为在山体的一横向侧边缘所做的剖面,由于山体边缘起伏较小且山体整体形状的不规则,这时候单一方向的地形剖面已经不具备典型山体的特征,山体本身特征不明显且边缘局部小地形的影响,导致横向的对边缘剖面分析时无法做到所有山脚点的识别,识别结果如图7b3。因此,这也说明了从另一方向做剖面分析的必要性,单一方向无法做到不规则山体边界的全部识别,两个方向结合才可以定量地判断出山脚点FOM位置。
图7a4图7b4为某种特殊横向剖面,山体特征点众多且明显,山体基部点相对较少的情况,因为切割的是规则网格,转换为二维矩阵数据后,每条地形剖面点的个数是一样的,而每条剖面反映山体变化特征点的个数和山体基部特征的个数是不同的,在这种充分反映山体特征而山体基部特征表现较少时,一定要从山体基部的角度确定阈值,在充分保留山体基部的前提下做剖面分析和判断,否则阈值不够精确会过滤掉有效信息,造成山脚点的判读如图7a4情况。
选取发育在南海海盆中的山体作为典型实例进行分析(图8a),该山体最大的特点是基部区域平坦,坡度近乎为0,海盆区海山坡度情况如图8b所示。在选定目标后,切割出具有完整特征区域的山体网格模型,将切割的网格转换为二维水深数据,然后从横向和纵向两个方向入手,约每10个剖面间隔作一个详细的原始剖面分析(除山体特殊部位有细微地貌外),采用上述技术路线方法,根据设定条件确定该山体所选剖面的山脚点位置,为验证程序的有效性及圈定效果,将综合判断后的山脚点位置定位到实际的地形网格中,将山体及所在区域作坡度分级,发现山脚点基本在坡度1°~7°范围内,符合圈定的标准如图8d。综合上述实现该山体的圈定如图8c,成功实现海盆中单体海山的边界圈定。另外海盆中单体海山自动圈定边界与人工圈定结果比较吻合,进一步验证了本文方法的可行性。
为了检验山脚线方法的实用性,另外选取了发育于陆坡的典型山体进行分析(图9a),发育在陆坡上的山体与海盆中的山体有本质上的区别:其基部区域不平坦,部分区域呈现一定的坡度(图9b),海山两侧区域高程有明显的差别,剖面不对称性特征非常明显,在这种情况下以山体为主体,往两侧探索至关重要,依据山体的地貌利用剖面点的连续性加坡度的变化寻找山脚点位置,依据上述方法判断出发育于陆坡的海山山脚线,实现斜坡上单体海山的边界圈定(图9c),并利用坡度分级做山脚点合理性的检验(图9d)。另外发育于陆坡的海山量化圈定结果与人工圈定有一定的差异,表明背景地形坡度的变化影响了人的主观判别。
针对发育于海盆中连体海山边界的圈定问题(图10a),首先将海山山脚线的自动识别方法应用于连体海山,使其与基部海盆做一个分割。在此基础上,选取山体两侧最邻近的山脚点作为起点和终点,将山体垭口的地貌特征转换为一种路径选择上的成本,这里搜索路径依据的地形特征主要是起伏度和坡度,从难以界定的垭口地貌搜索出一条路径作为分界线。依据上述山体分割的技术路线应用于整个山体划分中,实现相连海山边界的圈定(图10b)。海盆中连体海山量化圈定边界与人工圈定结果大致相同,尤其是在地貌细节的划分处理上,表明该方法在海盆中连体海山的边界圈定上具有可行性。
针对现有地理实体界线缺乏量化确定的问题,本文以海山为例,提出了一种基于D-P算法和最优路径的地理实体外部界线定量化的识别方法,形成如下结论。
(1)建立了海山地理实体的山脚点的自动识别技术方法并给出详细流程。采用横向纵向叠加的分析方法,基于地形、坡度和二阶导数剖面,利用二阶导数极值点和D-P算法二次简化原始地形剖面,通过D-P剖面点的坡度变化分析结合山体地形特征和连续性等定位规则综合判断实现山脚点的自动识别。
(2)通过编程实现了海山地理实体界线的自动识别定位算法,并将该方法应用于实测数据中验证了其可行性。
(3)针对地貌复杂的连体型海山地理实体难以圈定边界的问题,基于最优路径搜索算法,成功实现了连体海山的量化分割。
本文所述方法,提升了海底地理实体界线划定的科学依据,降低了人为随机性,可为中国海域复杂地质地貌背景下的海底地理实体的量化界定与研究提供参考借鉴。
  • 国家自然科学基金(42006073, 41830540);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(JG2203);上海交通大学深蓝计划(SL2020ZD204);水声技术重点实验室稳定支持项目(JCKYS2021604SSJS018);浙江省自然科学基金(LY21D060002);自然资源部海洋测绘重点实验室开放基金(2021B05);东海实验室开放基金(DH-2022KF01005);国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2806600)
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2023年第45卷第2期
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doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023009
  • 接收时间:2022-05-09
  • 首发时间:2025-12-26
  • 出版时间:2023-02-01
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  • 收稿日期:2022-05-09
  • 修回日期:2022-08-24
基金
国家自然科学基金(42006073, 41830540);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(JG2203);上海交通大学深蓝计划(SL2020ZD204);水声技术重点实验室稳定支持项目(JCKYS2021604SSJS018);浙江省自然科学基金(LY21D060002);自然资源部海洋测绘重点实验室开放基金(2021B05);东海实验室开放基金(DH-2022KF01005);国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2806600)
作者信息
    1 山东科技大学 测绘与空间信息学院,山东 青岛 266590
    2 自然资源部第二海洋研究所,浙江 杭州 310012
    3 自然资源部海底科学重点实验室,浙江 杭州 310012
    4 上海交通大学 海洋学院,上海 200030
    5 武汉大学 测绘学院,湖北 武汉 430072
    6 西安测绘研究所,陕西 西安 710054
    7 东海实验室,浙江 舟山 316021

通讯作者:

*吴自银(1972-),男,河南省光山县人,研究员,研究方向为多波束海底地形地貌探测与研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
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种数
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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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