Article(id=1211258401024250011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1211258399447191684, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12284/hyxb2023008, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1653321600000, receivedDateStr=2022-05-24, revisedDate=1656604800000, revisedDateStr=2022-07-01, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766716106896, onlineDateStr=2025-12-26, pubDate=1672502400000, pubDateStr=2023-01-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766716106896, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766716106896, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766716106896, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1211258399447191684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2023', volume='45', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='70', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766716106520, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766734463188, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1211335392964506397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1211258399447191684, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1211335392964506398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1211258399447191684, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=13, endPage=24, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1211258401309462689, articleId=1211258401024250011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Seasonal and spatial changes in functional diversity of fish communities in the adjacent waters of the Changshan Islands, columnId=1194652705852465724, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to identify the functional diversity of the adjacent waters of the Changshan Islands in the ecotone between the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea, based on the quarterly survey of fish biological resources and environment factors from October 2016 to August 2017, combined with 13 functional traits such as feeding habit, trophic level, migration type, thermophily, resilience and fish eggs type, the spatio-temporal pattern of functional diversity and its relationship with environmental factors were studied by using community weighted mean index (CWM), functional diversity index and Spearman rank correlation analysis. The results showed that the dominant species of fish community in spring and winter were depressiform, warm temperate and demersal species with the characteristics of anterior or upper mouth, low growth coefficient, high vulnerability, low resilience and non-migration or short distance migration. The dominant species in summer and autumn showed more functional traits, such as long distance migration, pelagic, fusiform and compressiform. FRic in summer and autumn was significantly higher than that in spring and winter, FEve was the highest in spring, and FDiv was the lowest in autumn and was significantly lower than other seasons. FEve in spring and season and FDiv in spring and autumn showed a trend of high in the west and low in the east, while FRic in summer and winter and FEve in autumn showed a trend of high in the east and low in the west. There was a certain correlation between environmental factors and functional diversity index. As an ecotone between the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea, the functional traits of the dominant species and functional diversity show seasonal variations made by the fish migration, and the spatial pattern of functional diversity shows complexity and heterogeneity made by environment changing in the adjacent waters of the Changshan Islands.

, correspAuthors=Binduo Xu, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2023 Pratacultural Science. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jianyu Zou, Shude Liu, Chongliang Zhang, Ying Xue, Yupeng Ji, Binduo Xu), CN=ArticleExt(id=1211258402852966657, articleId=1211258401024250011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=长山列岛邻近海域鱼类群落功能多样性的季节和空间变化, columnId=1149698756456657529, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为查明黄、渤海生态交错带长山列岛邻近海域鱼类功能多样性的时空变化,根据2016−2017年在长山列岛邻近海域开展的鱼类生物资源和环境因子的调查数据,结合食性、营养级、洄游类型、适温性、恢复力和鱼卵类型等13种功能性状,应用群落特征加权平均数指数、功能多样性指数和Spearman秩相关分析等方法,研究了该海域鱼类功能多样性的季节变化、空间格局及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明,春、冬季的优势类群为端位或上位口、生长系数较低、脆弱性较高、恢复力较低、定居或短距离洄游的平扁形、暖温性底层鱼类,夏、秋季表现出更多的功能性状,例如长距离洄游、栖息位置处于中上层、体型为侧扁形和纺锤形等;夏、秋季的功能丰富度指数显著高于春、冬季,功能均匀度指数在春季最高,功能离散度指数在秋季最低且显著低于其他季节;春季功能均匀度指数和春、秋季功能离散度指数均表现出西高东低的分布趋势,夏、冬季的功能丰富度指数和秋季的功能均匀度指数均表现出东高西低的分布趋势;功能多样性指数与环境因子具有一定的相关性。长山列岛邻近海域作为黄、渤海生态交错带,鱼类洄游引起优势功能性状和功能多样性呈现出一定的季节变化,环境因子的变化使得功能多样性的空间格局表现出复杂性、异质性的特点。

, correspAuthors=徐宾铎, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*徐宾铎,副教授,主要从事渔业资源、渔业生物多样性和海洋生态学的研究。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《海洋学报》编辑部 2023, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=WtK+oLezXndLfhlVtGBikQ==, magXml=j8r9/Yc5MMNTFqYyRhwQ1w==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=bLyBaoZaPYwIJ15yXoeSUg==, pdfFileSize=1310014, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=wmPSPV7Asqdk366FlWDnnw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=s1/yI1CPVlYuAgSCsnKQfA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

邹建宇(1998-),男,山东省聊城市人,主要从事渔业资源生态学研究。E-mail:

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邹建宇(1998-),男,山东省聊城市人,主要从事渔业资源生态学研究。E-mail:

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邹建宇(1998-),男,山东省聊城市人,主要从事渔业资源生态学研究。E-mail:

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2 青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室 海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,山东 青岛 266237
3 海州湾渔业生态系统教育部野外科学观测研究站,山东 青岛 266003, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1215295124960101221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258401024250011, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215295124968489830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258401024250011, companyId=1215295124960101221, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中国海洋大学 水产学院,山东 青岛 266003)]), AuthorCompany(id=1215295125157233520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258401024250011, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215295125165622129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258401024250011, companyId=1215295125157233520, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室 海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,山东 青岛 266237)]), AuthorCompany(id=1215295125345977211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258401024250011, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215295125354365821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258401024250011, companyId=1215295125345977211, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 海州湾渔业生态系统教育部野外科学观测研究站,山东 青岛 266003)])]), Author(id=1215295126323250102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258401024250011, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1215295126398747581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258401024250011, authorId=1215295126323250102, language=EN, stringName=Ying Xue, firstName=Ying, middleName=null, lastName=Xue, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1215295126474245056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258401024250011, authorId=1215295126323250102, language=CN, stringName=薛莹, firstName=莹, middleName=null, lastName=薛, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=1 中国海洋大学 水产学院,山东 青岛 266003
2 青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室 海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,山东 青岛 266237
3 海州湾渔业生态系统教育部野外科学观测研究站,山东 青岛 266003, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1215295124960101221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258401024250011, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215295124968489830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258401024250011, companyId=1215295124960101221, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中国海洋大学 水产学院,山东 青岛 266003)]), AuthorCompany(id=1215295125157233520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258401024250011, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215295125165622129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258401024250011, companyId=1215295125157233520, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室 海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,山东 青岛 266237)]), AuthorCompany(id=1215295125345977211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258401024250011, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215295125354365821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258401024250011, companyId=1215295125345977211, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 海州湾渔业生态系统教育部野外科学观测研究站,山东 青岛 266003)])]), Author(id=1215295126574908360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258401024250011, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1215295126679765963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258401024250011, authorId=1215295126574908360, language=EN, stringName=Yupeng Ji, firstName=Yupeng, middleName=null, lastName=Ji, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 3, address=null, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1215295126772040657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258401024250011, authorId=1215295126574908360, language=CN, stringName=纪毓鹏, firstName=毓鹏, middleName=null, lastName=纪, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 3, address=1 中国海洋大学 水产学院,山东 青岛 266003
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2 青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室 海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,山东 青岛 266237
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Extending the stress-gradient hypothesis-is competition among animals less common in harsh environments[J]. Oikos, 2013, 122(4): 516−523., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215295134929961201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258401024250011, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=47, rfOrder=72, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Rudolf V H W, Rasmussen N L. Population structure determines functional differences among species and ecosystem processes[J]. 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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258401024250011, companyId=1215295125580858244, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4General Station of Fishery Development and Resources Conservation of Shandong Province, Yantai 264003, China)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1215295127959028735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258401024250011, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Bottom trawl survey stations for fishery resources in the adjacent waters of the Changshan Islands, figureFileSmall=FBctv5b3t9KsbMwT9e0WRQ==, figureFileBig=MHhFqtCnr181WSZkw6Dvxw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215295128076468225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258401024250011, language=CN, label=图1, caption=长山列岛邻近海域渔业资源底拖网调查站位, figureFileSmall=FBctv5b3t9KsbMwT9e0WRQ==, figureFileBig=MHhFqtCnr181WSZkw6Dvxw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215295128177131525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258401024250011, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Seasonal variation of community weighted mean index (CWM) of fish community in the adjacent waters of the Changshan Islands

P. Planktivorous; B: benthivorous; N. nektivorous; 1. fusiform; 2. compressiform; 3. depressiform; 4. anguilliform; SM. offshore migration; LM. far-sea migration; Lo. local species; T. warm temperate; WW. warm water; De. demersal; Pe. pelagic; M. medium resilience; H. high resilience; L. low resilience; PE. pelagic eggs; AE. adhesive eggs; PAE. pelagic adhesive eggs; Sp. spring; Su. summer; Au. autumn; Wi. winter

, figureFileSmall=Yr8hMqHzzndNJIQ7wuB7tw==, figureFileBig=JN1BvrnryA/zoMfQ87KAyQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215295128235851783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258401024250011, language=CN, label=图2, caption=长山列岛邻近海域鱼类群落特征加权平均数指数(CWM)的季节变化

P. 浮游生物食性;B. 底栖生物食性;N. 游泳动物食性;1. 纺锤形;2. 侧扁形;3. 平扁形;4. 鳗形;SM. 近海洄游型;LM. 外海洄游型;Lo. 定居型;T. 暖温性;WW. 暖水性;De. 底层;Pe. 中上层;M. 中等恢复力;H. 高恢复力;L. 低恢复力;PE. 浮性卵;AE. 附着性卵;PAE. 黏着浮性卵;Sp. 春季;Su. 夏季;Au. 秋季;Wi. 冬季

, figureFileSmall=Yr8hMqHzzndNJIQ7wuB7tw==, figureFileBig=JN1BvrnryA/zoMfQ87KAyQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215295128349097997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258401024250011, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Seasonal variation of functional diversity indices of fish community in the adjacent waters of the Changshan Islands

Sp. Spring; Su. summer; Au. autumn; Wi. winter; different letters mean significant difference at p<0.05 level; dashed lines represent the true values

, figureFileSmall=EwtAx/I30gm/atMGDQcZDA==, figureFileBig=7Vb9jimjnp8jHc79c/pfsw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215295128416206863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258401024250011, language=CN, label=图3, caption=长山列岛邻近海域鱼类群落功能多样性指数的季节变化

Sp. 春季;Su. 夏季;Au. 秋季;Wi. 冬季;不同字母表示差异显著(p<0.05);虚线代表真实值

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Classification criteria and types of functional traits

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
功能类型功能性状功能性状所含类型
摄食食性浮游生物食性、植食性、
底栖生物食性、游泳动物食性
口的大小小、较小、中等、较大、大
口的位置腹面、下位、端位、上位
营养级连续变量,范围:2.9~5.0
游泳体型纺锤形、侧扁形、平扁形、鳗形、
不对称形、亚圆柱形、细长形、
带形、前部宽扁形、后部侧扁形
洄游类型定居型、近海洄游型、远海洄游型
最大体长连续变量,范围:9~250 cm
生态适应性适温性冷温性、暖温性、暖水性
栖息位置底层、中上层
种群动态生长系数连续变量,范围:0.1~0.8
脆弱性连续变量,范围:10~78
恢复力低、中等、高
繁殖鱼卵类型浮性、沉性、附着性、
黏着浮性、黏着沉性、卵胎生
), ArticleFig(id=1215295128739168283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258401024250011, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

功能性状分类标准及其所含类型

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
功能类型功能性状功能性状所含类型
摄食食性浮游生物食性、植食性、
底栖生物食性、游泳动物食性
口的大小小、较小、中等、较大、大
口的位置腹面、下位、端位、上位
营养级连续变量,范围:2.9~5.0
游泳体型纺锤形、侧扁形、平扁形、鳗形、
不对称形、亚圆柱形、细长形、
带形、前部宽扁形、后部侧扁形
洄游类型定居型、近海洄游型、远海洄游型
最大体长连续变量,范围:9~250 cm
生态适应性适温性冷温性、暖温性、暖水性
栖息位置底层、中上层
种群动态生长系数连续变量,范围:0.1~0.8
脆弱性连续变量,范围:10~78
恢复力低、中等、高
繁殖鱼卵类型浮性、沉性、附着性、
黏着浮性、黏着沉性、卵胎生
), ArticleFig(id=1215295128814665758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258401024250011, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Spearman rank correlation coefficients between functional diversity indices and environmental factors in the adjacent waters of the Changshan Islands

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
季节指数水深底层水温表层水温底层盐度表层盐度
注:*代表p<0.05;**代表p<0.01。
春季FRic−0.3000.104−0.117−0.232−0.193
FEve−0.2760.367*0.212−0.176−0.129
FDiv−0.0130.0230.003−0.080−0.088
夏季FRic0.250−0.491**−0.2800.342−0.212
FEve0.224−0.0520.3100.113−0.172
FDiv0.220−0.328−0.380*0.0100.154
秋季FRic0.166−0.269−0.1970.0600.071
FEve0.0330.033−0.0540.0810.076
FDiv0.092−0.041−0.1210.1560.141
冬季FRic0.568**0.617**0.639**0.491**0.487**
FEve−0.131−0.456**−0.440*−0.291−0.288
FDiv0.090−0.040−0.0730.0680.068
), ArticleFig(id=1215295128877580322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258401024250011, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

长山列岛邻近海域鱼类群落功能多样性指数与环境因子的Spearman秩相关系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
季节指数水深底层水温表层水温底层盐度表层盐度
注:*代表p<0.05;**代表p<0.01。
春季FRic−0.3000.104−0.117−0.232−0.193
FEve−0.2760.367*0.212−0.176−0.129
FDiv−0.0130.0230.003−0.080−0.088
夏季FRic0.250−0.491**−0.2800.342−0.212
FEve0.224−0.0520.3100.113−0.172
FDiv0.220−0.328−0.380*0.0100.154
秋季FRic0.166−0.269−0.1970.0600.071
FEve0.0330.033−0.0540.0810.076
FDiv0.092−0.041−0.1210.1560.141
冬季FRic0.568**0.617**0.639**0.491**0.487**
FEve−0.131−0.456**−0.440*−0.291−0.288
FDiv0.090−0.040−0.0730.0680.068
), ArticleFig(id=1215295128965660709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258401024250011, language=EN, label=Table A1, caption=

List of fish species and their functional traits in the adjacent waters of the Changshan Islands

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种类洄游类型适温性栖息类型食性口的位置鱼卵类型口的大小恢复力体型生长系数脆弱力最大体长营养级
注:SM. 近海洄游型;LM. 远海洄游型;Lo. 定居型;T. 暖温性;WW. 暖水性;CT. 冷温性;De. 底层;Pe. 中上层;B. 底栖生物食性;He. 植食性;N. 游泳动物食性;P. 浮游生物食性;PE. 浮性卵;AE. 附着性卵;PAE. 黏着浮性卵;DAE. 黏着沉性卵;O. 卵胎生;M. 中等恢复力;H. 高恢复力;L. 低恢复力;1. 纺锤形;2. 侧扁形;3. 平扁形;4. 鳗形;5. 不对称形;6. 亚圆柱形;7. 细长形;8. 带形;9. 前部宽扁形;10. 后部侧扁形。
白姑鱼 Argyrosomus argentatusSMTDeB下位PE中等M20.312543.53.9
斑鰶 Konosirus punctatusSMTPeHe端位PE较小H20.336323
斑尾刺虾虎鱼
Acanthogobius ommaturus
LoTDeB端位AE较大L950434
斑鳐 Raja kenojeiSMTDeB-N腹面DAEL356404.1
半滑舌鳎 Cynoglossus semilaevisSMTDeB下位PEM50.265161.13.7
银鲳 Pampus punctatissimusLMWWDeP端位PE较小H20.431825.83.2
赤鼻棱鳀 Thryssa kammalensisSMTPeP下位PEM20.5632153.2
大鳞舌鳎
Cynoglossus macrolepidotus
SMTDeB下位PEM52939.13.5
大泷六线鱼 Hexagrammos otakiiSMCTDeP-B端位AEM20.3534573.8
大头鳕 Gadus macrocephalusSMCTDeN端位DE较小L20.2501194.5
大银鱼 Protosalanx chinensisSMTDeP-B下位PE中等H70.5614173
带鱼 Trichiurus lepturusSMWWDeN端位PE较大L80.11572343.9
单指虎鲉 Minous monodactylusLoWWDeB上位PEM210124.1
刀鲚 Coilia ectenesSMTPeP下位PEM20.3533413.7
短鳍䲗 Callionymus sagittaLoTDeB端位PEH30.5230182.9
短吻红舌鳎 Cynoglossus joyneriSMTDeB下位PEM50.240244.3
钝吻黄盖鲽
Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae
SMCTDeB端位DAEM50.2549453.6
多鳞鱚 Sillago sihamaSMWWDeB端位PEH20.824313.4
方氏云鳚 Enedrias fangiSMCTDeP-B端位O中等H80.7630304.6
绯䲗 Callionymus beniteguriLoTDeB端位PEH30.5227163.3
高眼鲽 Cleisthenes herzensteiniSMCTDeB-N端位PE中等L50.2250474.2
褐菖鲉 Sebastiscus marmoratusSMTDeB端位PE中等M20.33336.23.7
褐牙鲆 Paralichthys olivaceusSMTDeN端位PE中等M50.24601034.9
黑鲷 Acanthopagrus schlegeliiSMTDeB-N-P端位PE较大M20.2837503.2
黑光鲽 Liopsetta obscurusSMCTDeB端位PE中等M50.2861503.3
黑鳃梅童鱼 Collichthys niveatusSMTDeB端位PE中等H20.4215153.7
黄鮟鱇 Lophius litulonSMTDeN上位PAEL30.23781504.5
黄姑鱼 Nibea albifloraSMWWDeB端位PE较小H20.423404
黄鲫 Setipinna tenuifilisSMWWPeP下位PEH20.3229223.2
黄尾鰤 Seriola lalandiLMTPeN端位PE较大L10.32692504.2
吉氏绵鳚 Enchelyopus gilliSMCTDeB下位O中等L864303.5
棘头梅童鱼 Collichthys lucidusSMTDeP-B端位PE较小H20.4217173.5
假睛东方鲀 Takifugu pseudommusSMTDeB-N端位DAEM20.2436353.4
尖海龙 Syngnathus acusLoTDeP端位OM732503.3
角木叶鲽 Pleuronichthys cornutusSMTDeB端位PE较小L50.235027.53.4
铠平鲉 Sebastes hubbsiLoTDeB端位O较小M20.213815.63.5
孔鳐 Raja porosaSMCTDeB-N腹面DAEL30.2649574
蓝点马鲛
Scomberomorus niphonius
LMTPeN端位PE较大M10.53341134.8
蓝圆鲹 Decapterus maruadsiSMTPeP端位PEH10.3117253.4
六丝钝尾虾虎鱼 Amblychaeturichthys hexanemaLoTDeB端位AEM40.72917.43.3
绿鳍马面鲀
Thamnaconus modestus
SMWWDeB端位DAEM20.2836363.4
矛尾虾虎鱼
Chaeturichthys stigmatias
LoTDeB端位AEM40.453828.24
Miichthys miiuySMTDeN端位PE较大M20.337704.4
皮氏叫姑鱼 Johnius belengeriSMWWDeB下位PE较小H20.5325303.7
普氏栉虾虎鱼 Amoya pflaumiiLoWWDeB端位AE较小H1016123.1
青鳞小沙丁鱼 Sardinella zunasiSMTPeP端位PE较小H20.523183.4
日本笠鳚 Chirolophis japonicusSMCTDeP-B端位O较小L868553.6
绒杜父鱼 Hemitripterus villosusLoCTDeB-N端位PEL20.1752354.3
石鲽 Kareius bicoloratusSMCTDeB端位PEL50.1846304.1
史氏鳐 Raja pulchraSMTDeB-N腹面DAEL30.266123.64.3
松江鲈 Trachidermus fasciatusSMTDeB-N端位DAEH216143
Scomber japonicusLMWWPeN端位PE较大M10.5331644.2
汤氏平鲉 Sebastes thompsoniSMTDeB端位O较小L20.2155303.7
Engraulis japonicusSMTPeP下位PEH20.7910183.6
瓦氏䲗 Callionymus valencienneiLoTDeB端位PEH30.5218103.2
纹缟虾虎鱼
Tridentiger trigonocephalus
LoTDeB端位AE较大H423113.3
细条天竺鲷 Apogon lineatusSMWWDeB端位PAE较大H20.53093.7
细纹狮子鱼 Liparis maculatusSMCTDeB-N端位DAE较小M90.3151473.9
小带鱼 Eupleurogrammus muticusSMWWDeB端位PE较大H829874.4
小黄鱼 Larimichthys polyactisSMTDeB-N端位PE中等M20.4532403.7
小头栉孔虾虎鱼
Ctenotrypauchen microcephalus
LoWWDeB端位AEM230183.7
小眼绿鳍鱼 Chelidonichthys kumuSMWWDeB下位PE中等M90.429603.8
星康吉鳗 Conger myriasterSMTDeB-N下位PE较大L40.15581004.8
许氏平鲉 Sebastes schlegeliiLoCTDeB-N端位O较小M20.2168654.7
亚洲油鲽 Microstomus achneSMCTDeB端位PE中等L50.16771.53.4
Platycephalus indicusSMWWDeB-N端位PE中等M30.5371004
油魣 Sphyraena pinguisSMWWPeN端位PEH60.431505
玉筋鱼 Ammodytes personatusSMCTDeP端位DAEH70.626153.3
云鳚 Enedrias nebulosusSMCTDeB端位O中等H80.722303.2
长鲽 Tanakius kitaharaeSMCTDeB端位PEM50.332503.5
长绵鳚 Enchelyopus elongatusSMCTDeB下位O较小M839303.4
长蛇鲻 Saurida elongataSMTDeN端位PEH60.1723504.8
长丝虾虎鱼 Cryptocentrus filiferLoWWDeB端位AE较小H22513.23.4
中颌棱鳀 Thryssa mystaxSMWWPeP下位PEH20.5623193.6
中华栉孔虾虎鱼
Ctenotrypauchen chinensis
LoTDeB端位AEM22719.23.8
钟馗虾虎鱼 Tridentiger barbatusLoTDeB端位AEH41410.43.4
竹䇲鱼 Trachurus japonicusLMTPeP端位PE较小M10.357503.4
), ArticleFig(id=1215295129057935400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258401024250011, language=CN, label=表A1, caption=

长山列岛邻近海域鱼类名录及功能性状

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种类洄游类型适温性栖息类型食性口的位置鱼卵类型口的大小恢复力体型生长系数脆弱力最大体长营养级
注:SM. 近海洄游型;LM. 远海洄游型;Lo. 定居型;T. 暖温性;WW. 暖水性;CT. 冷温性;De. 底层;Pe. 中上层;B. 底栖生物食性;He. 植食性;N. 游泳动物食性;P. 浮游生物食性;PE. 浮性卵;AE. 附着性卵;PAE. 黏着浮性卵;DAE. 黏着沉性卵;O. 卵胎生;M. 中等恢复力;H. 高恢复力;L. 低恢复力;1. 纺锤形;2. 侧扁形;3. 平扁形;4. 鳗形;5. 不对称形;6. 亚圆柱形;7. 细长形;8. 带形;9. 前部宽扁形;10. 后部侧扁形。
白姑鱼 Argyrosomus argentatusSMTDeB下位PE中等M20.312543.53.9
斑鰶 Konosirus punctatusSMTPeHe端位PE较小H20.336323
斑尾刺虾虎鱼
Acanthogobius ommaturus
LoTDeB端位AE较大L950434
斑鳐 Raja kenojeiSMTDeB-N腹面DAEL356404.1
半滑舌鳎 Cynoglossus semilaevisSMTDeB下位PEM50.265161.13.7
银鲳 Pampus punctatissimusLMWWDeP端位PE较小H20.431825.83.2
赤鼻棱鳀 Thryssa kammalensisSMTPeP下位PEM20.5632153.2
大鳞舌鳎
Cynoglossus macrolepidotus
SMTDeB下位PEM52939.13.5
大泷六线鱼 Hexagrammos otakiiSMCTDeP-B端位AEM20.3534573.8
大头鳕 Gadus macrocephalusSMCTDeN端位DE较小L20.2501194.5
大银鱼 Protosalanx chinensisSMTDeP-B下位PE中等H70.5614173
带鱼 Trichiurus lepturusSMWWDeN端位PE较大L80.11572343.9
单指虎鲉 Minous monodactylusLoWWDeB上位PEM210124.1
刀鲚 Coilia ectenesSMTPeP下位PEM20.3533413.7
短鳍䲗 Callionymus sagittaLoTDeB端位PEH30.5230182.9
短吻红舌鳎 Cynoglossus joyneriSMTDeB下位PEM50.240244.3
钝吻黄盖鲽
Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae
SMCTDeB端位DAEM50.2549453.6
多鳞鱚 Sillago sihamaSMWWDeB端位PEH20.824313.4
方氏云鳚 Enedrias fangiSMCTDeP-B端位O中等H80.7630304.6
绯䲗 Callionymus beniteguriLoTDeB端位PEH30.5227163.3
高眼鲽 Cleisthenes herzensteiniSMCTDeB-N端位PE中等L50.2250474.2
褐菖鲉 Sebastiscus marmoratusSMTDeB端位PE中等M20.33336.23.7
褐牙鲆 Paralichthys olivaceusSMTDeN端位PE中等M50.24601034.9
黑鲷 Acanthopagrus schlegeliiSMTDeB-N-P端位PE较大M20.2837503.2
黑光鲽 Liopsetta obscurusSMCTDeB端位PE中等M50.2861503.3
黑鳃梅童鱼 Collichthys niveatusSMTDeB端位PE中等H20.4215153.7
黄鮟鱇 Lophius litulonSMTDeN上位PAEL30.23781504.5
黄姑鱼 Nibea albifloraSMWWDeB端位PE较小H20.423404
黄鲫 Setipinna tenuifilisSMWWPeP下位PEH20.3229223.2
黄尾鰤 Seriola lalandiLMTPeN端位PE较大L10.32692504.2
吉氏绵鳚 Enchelyopus gilliSMCTDeB下位O中等L864303.5
棘头梅童鱼 Collichthys lucidusSMTDeP-B端位PE较小H20.4217173.5
假睛东方鲀 Takifugu pseudommusSMTDeB-N端位DAEM20.2436353.4
尖海龙 Syngnathus acusLoTDeP端位OM732503.3
角木叶鲽 Pleuronichthys cornutusSMTDeB端位PE较小L50.235027.53.4
铠平鲉 Sebastes hubbsiLoTDeB端位O较小M20.213815.63.5
孔鳐 Raja porosaSMCTDeB-N腹面DAEL30.2649574
蓝点马鲛
Scomberomorus niphonius
LMTPeN端位PE较大M10.53341134.8
蓝圆鲹 Decapterus maruadsiSMTPeP端位PEH10.3117253.4
六丝钝尾虾虎鱼 Amblychaeturichthys hexanemaLoTDeB端位AEM40.72917.43.3
绿鳍马面鲀
Thamnaconus modestus
SMWWDeB端位DAEM20.2836363.4
矛尾虾虎鱼
Chaeturichthys stigmatias
LoTDeB端位AEM40.453828.24
Miichthys miiuySMTDeN端位PE较大M20.337704.4
皮氏叫姑鱼 Johnius belengeriSMWWDeB下位PE较小H20.5325303.7
普氏栉虾虎鱼 Amoya pflaumiiLoWWDeB端位AE较小H1016123.1
青鳞小沙丁鱼 Sardinella zunasiSMTPeP端位PE较小H20.523183.4
日本笠鳚 Chirolophis japonicusSMCTDeP-B端位O较小L868553.6
绒杜父鱼 Hemitripterus villosusLoCTDeB-N端位PEL20.1752354.3
石鲽 Kareius bicoloratusSMCTDeB端位PEL50.1846304.1
史氏鳐 Raja pulchraSMTDeB-N腹面DAEL30.266123.64.3
松江鲈 Trachidermus fasciatusSMTDeB-N端位DAEH216143
Scomber japonicusLMWWPeN端位PE较大M10.5331644.2
汤氏平鲉 Sebastes thompsoniSMTDeB端位O较小L20.2155303.7
Engraulis japonicusSMTPeP下位PEH20.7910183.6
瓦氏䲗 Callionymus valencienneiLoTDeB端位PEH30.5218103.2
纹缟虾虎鱼
Tridentiger trigonocephalus
LoTDeB端位AE较大H423113.3
细条天竺鲷 Apogon lineatusSMWWDeB端位PAE较大H20.53093.7
细纹狮子鱼 Liparis maculatusSMCTDeB-N端位DAE较小M90.3151473.9
小带鱼 Eupleurogrammus muticusSMWWDeB端位PE较大H829874.4
小黄鱼 Larimichthys polyactisSMTDeB-N端位PE中等M20.4532403.7
小头栉孔虾虎鱼
Ctenotrypauchen microcephalus
LoWWDeB端位AEM230183.7
小眼绿鳍鱼 Chelidonichthys kumuSMWWDeB下位PE中等M90.429603.8
星康吉鳗 Conger myriasterSMTDeB-N下位PE较大L40.15581004.8
许氏平鲉 Sebastes schlegeliiLoCTDeB-N端位O较小M20.2168654.7
亚洲油鲽 Microstomus achneSMCTDeB端位PE中等L50.16771.53.4
Platycephalus indicusSMWWDeB-N端位PE中等M30.5371004
油魣 Sphyraena pinguisSMWWPeN端位PEH60.431505
玉筋鱼 Ammodytes personatusSMCTDeP端位DAEH70.626153.3
云鳚 Enedrias nebulosusSMCTDeB端位O中等H80.722303.2
长鲽 Tanakius kitaharaeSMCTDeB端位PEM50.332503.5
长绵鳚 Enchelyopus elongatusSMCTDeB下位O较小M839303.4
长蛇鲻 Saurida elongataSMTDeN端位PEH60.1723504.8
长丝虾虎鱼 Cryptocentrus filiferLoWWDeB端位AE较小H22513.23.4
中颌棱鳀 Thryssa mystaxSMWWPeP下位PEH20.5623193.6
中华栉孔虾虎鱼
Ctenotrypauchen chinensis
LoTDeB端位AEM22719.23.8
钟馗虾虎鱼 Tridentiger barbatusLoTDeB端位AEH41410.43.4
竹䇲鱼 Trachurus japonicusLMTPeP端位PE较小M10.357503.4
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长山列岛邻近海域鱼类群落功能多样性的季节和空间变化
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邹建宇 1 , 刘淑德 4 , 张崇良 1, 2, 3 , 薛莹 1, 2, 3 , 纪毓鹏 1, 3 , 徐宾铎 1, 2, 3, *
海洋学报 | 论文 2023,45(1): 13-24
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海洋学报 | 论文 2023, 45(1): 13-24
长山列岛邻近海域鱼类群落功能多样性的季节和空间变化
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邹建宇1 , 刘淑德4, 张崇良1, 2, 3, 薛莹1, 2, 3, 纪毓鹏1, 3, 徐宾铎1, 2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1 中国海洋大学 水产学院,山东 青岛 266003
  • 2 青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室 海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,山东 青岛 266237
  • 3 海州湾渔业生态系统教育部野外科学观测研究站,山东 青岛 266003
  • 4 山东省渔业发展和资源养护总站,山东 烟台 264003
  • 邹建宇(1998-),男,山东省聊城市人,主要从事渔业资源生态学研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*徐宾铎,副教授,主要从事渔业资源、渔业生物多样性和海洋生态学的研究。E-mail:
Seasonal and spatial changes in functional diversity of fish communities in the adjacent waters of the Changshan Islands
Jianyu Zou1 , Shude Liu4, Chongliang Zhang1, 2, 3, Ying Xue1, 2, 3, Yupeng Ji1, 3, Binduo Xu1, 2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
  • 2Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
  • 3Field Observation and Research Station of Haizhou Bay Fishery Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China
  • 4General Station of Fishery Development and Resources Conservation of Shandong Province, Yantai 264003, China
出版时间: 2023-01-01 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023008
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为查明黄、渤海生态交错带长山列岛邻近海域鱼类功能多样性的时空变化,根据2016−2017年在长山列岛邻近海域开展的鱼类生物资源和环境因子的调查数据,结合食性、营养级、洄游类型、适温性、恢复力和鱼卵类型等13种功能性状,应用群落特征加权平均数指数、功能多样性指数和Spearman秩相关分析等方法,研究了该海域鱼类功能多样性的季节变化、空间格局及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明,春、冬季的优势类群为端位或上位口、生长系数较低、脆弱性较高、恢复力较低、定居或短距离洄游的平扁形、暖温性底层鱼类,夏、秋季表现出更多的功能性状,例如长距离洄游、栖息位置处于中上层、体型为侧扁形和纺锤形等;夏、秋季的功能丰富度指数显著高于春、冬季,功能均匀度指数在春季最高,功能离散度指数在秋季最低且显著低于其他季节;春季功能均匀度指数和春、秋季功能离散度指数均表现出西高东低的分布趋势,夏、冬季的功能丰富度指数和秋季的功能均匀度指数均表现出东高西低的分布趋势;功能多样性指数与环境因子具有一定的相关性。长山列岛邻近海域作为黄、渤海生态交错带,鱼类洄游引起优势功能性状和功能多样性呈现出一定的季节变化,环境因子的变化使得功能多样性的空间格局表现出复杂性、异质性的特点。

鱼类群落  /  功能多样性  /  时空格局  /  长山列岛邻近海域

In order to identify the functional diversity of the adjacent waters of the Changshan Islands in the ecotone between the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea, based on the quarterly survey of fish biological resources and environment factors from October 2016 to August 2017, combined with 13 functional traits such as feeding habit, trophic level, migration type, thermophily, resilience and fish eggs type, the spatio-temporal pattern of functional diversity and its relationship with environmental factors were studied by using community weighted mean index (CWM), functional diversity index and Spearman rank correlation analysis. The results showed that the dominant species of fish community in spring and winter were depressiform, warm temperate and demersal species with the characteristics of anterior or upper mouth, low growth coefficient, high vulnerability, low resilience and non-migration or short distance migration. The dominant species in summer and autumn showed more functional traits, such as long distance migration, pelagic, fusiform and compressiform. FRic in summer and autumn was significantly higher than that in spring and winter, FEve was the highest in spring, and FDiv was the lowest in autumn and was significantly lower than other seasons. FEve in spring and season and FDiv in spring and autumn showed a trend of high in the west and low in the east, while FRic in summer and winter and FEve in autumn showed a trend of high in the east and low in the west. There was a certain correlation between environmental factors and functional diversity index. As an ecotone between the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea, the functional traits of the dominant species and functional diversity show seasonal variations made by the fish migration, and the spatial pattern of functional diversity shows complexity and heterogeneity made by environment changing in the adjacent waters of the Changshan Islands.

fish community  /  functional diversity  /  spatio-temporal pattern  /  adjacent waters of the Changshan Islands
邹建宇, 刘淑德, 张崇良, 薛莹, 纪毓鹏, 徐宾铎. 长山列岛邻近海域鱼类群落功能多样性的季节和空间变化. 海洋学报, 2023 , 45 (1) : 13 -24 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2023008
Jianyu Zou, Shude Liu, Chongliang Zhang, Ying Xue, Yupeng Ji, Binduo Xu. Seasonal and spatial changes in functional diversity of fish communities in the adjacent waters of the Changshan Islands[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2023 , 45 (1) : 13 -24 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2023008
功能性状指生物体在长期的环境胁迫、历史进化和自然选择的过程中形成的定量或定性的显著本质特征[1],包括生态学性状和生物学性状。生态学性状主要与栖息地、迁移等相关[2],生物学性状主要与生理行为、生活史周期等相关[3]。功能多样性即功能性状多样性[4],指影响生态系统功能的物种性状的数值、范围和分布[5]
近些年来,α多样性[6-8]、β多样性[9-10]和分类学多样性[11-13]在鱼类群落多样性研究中得到了广泛应用,但传统的多样性分析仅考虑了物种相对生物量信息,将拥有不同形态特征和生活习性的物种看作等价的,未能很好地反映生物对环境的响应[14],功能多样性以长期自然选择的性状为基础,能更好地理解生物与环境之间的关系。鱼类的功能性状主要指其在生理行为、生态适应、种群动态等方面的特征,如适温性、食性、洄游类型、繁殖行为、口的位置、眼间距、鳍的形状、体型等[15]。目前国内外鱼类群落功能多样性的研究主要涉及功能性状的选择[16-17]、功能多样性的时空变化[18]和功能多样性与环境因子的相互作用[19],其研究区域涵盖河流[20-21]、湖泊[22]、海洋[23-25]等。
长山列岛邻近海域地处黄海、渤海生态交错带,位于莱州湾渔场和烟威渔场交界处,地理位置独特,水文条件复杂,捕捞压力较大。由于独特的地理位置,黄海水和渤海南部沿岸水在此处交汇[26],在不同季节受到季风的影响,两大水团和海洋环流发生剧烈变化[27],因此该海域环境因子季节变化显著。夏季黄海冷水团[28]分布范围可达该海域东北部,造成该海域夏季环境因子的空间差异较大;冬季黄海暖流[29]入侵该海域东部,使得该海域冬季环境因子的空间差异较大。此外,海岛与海水的镶嵌式格局[30]影响着海流流向,使得该海域展现出了独特的水文特点。在复杂环境因子的作用下,该海域鱼类群落功能性状及功能多样性是否具有显著的时空差异值得研究,该研究对深入理解长山列岛邻近海域群落结构和功能具有重要意义。
本文根据2016−2017年在长山列岛邻近海域进行的鱼类资源季度调查数据,应用群落特征加权平均数指数、功能多样性指数和Spearman秩相关分析等方法,研究该海域鱼类群落功能多样性的时空格局及其与环境因子的关系,以期为该海域鱼类资源的管理、开发和保护提供参考,同时为未来该海域鱼类群落功能多样性不同年间比较或长期变化研究提供参考。
调查海区为长山列岛邻近海域(37°30'~38°30'N,119°50'~121°50'E),共设置42个采样站位(图1)。由于海况条件等限制性因素,春、夏、秋、冬季实际拖网站位数分别为36个、39个、40个、38个[31]。调查船只为功率220 kW的底拖网船,网具网口高度约7.53 m,宽度约15 m,囊网网目大小为17 mm。拖网均在白天进行,预设每站拖网时间1 h,拖速3 kn。水温、水深、盐度等环境因子使用CTD(型号为CTD75M/1167)调查获得。参考《海洋调查规范 第6部分:海洋生物调查》(GB/T 12763.6−2007)[32]对渔获物取样并带回实验室进行分析处理,并将原始调查数据进行标准化处理为拖网1 h、拖速3 kn时的单位网次渔获重量(单位:kg/h)。
根据以往对鱼类群落功能多样性的研究[18, 25],本研究选取反映鱼类摄食、游泳、生态适应、群落动态和繁殖5种功能类型的性状,其中包括食性、口的大小、口的位置、营养级、体型、洄游类型、最大体长、适温性、栖息位置、生长系数、恢复力、脆弱性和鱼卵类型。各性状指标在分析中所占权重相等,营养级、最大体长、生长系数和脆弱性为连续变量,其余变量为分类变量(表1)。通过查阅世界鱼类数据库(FishBase)[33]和相关文献[34-35, 18, 25]等获得各指标的取值或类型,功能性状取值或类型的确定遵循邻近优先原则,即长山列岛邻近海域相关资料缺失时以黄、渤海等相邻海域替代。各鱼种具体功能性状详见附表A1
应用群落特征加权平均数指数(Community Weighted Mean, CWM)分析鱼类群落优势功能性状的季节变化,群落特征加权平均数指数为群落内物种功能性状的加权平均值[36],公式为
$ {\rm{C W M}}=\sum_{i=1}^{S} p_{i} \times {{trait}}_{{{i}}} \text{,} $
式中,S为物种数;pi为物种i的相对渔获重量;traiti为物种i的性状值。
功能丰富度指数(Functional Richness Index, FRic)用功能体积指数表示,由功能性状空间内形成的最小凸多边形体积来计算[16]
功能均匀度指数(Functional Evenness Index, FEve)用多维功能均匀度指数表示,推导公式[16]
$ {dist}(i, j)=\sqrt{\left(a_{i}-a_{j}\right)^{2}+\left(b_{i}-b_{j}\right)^{2}+\cdots+\left(m_{i}-m_{j}\right)^{2}} \text{,} $
$ {\rm{E W}}_{l}={dist}(i, j) /\left(w_{i}+w_{j}\right) \text{,} $
${\rm{ P E W}}_{l}={\rm{E W}}_{l} \Biggr/ \sum_{l=1}^{S-1} {\rm{E W}}_{l} \text{,} $
$ {\rm{F E v e}}=\dfrac{\displaystyle\sum_{{l}=1}^{S-1} \min \left({\rm{P E W}}_{{l}}-\dfrac{1}{S-1}\right)-\dfrac{1}{S-1}}{1-\dfrac{1}{S-1}} \text{,} $
式中,S为物种数;a−m表示多维性状空间中物种ij的13个功能性状;dist (i, j)表示物种ij之间的欧氏距离;EWl为第l分支长,即物种i与物种j构成的分支长;wiwj分别为物种i和物种j的相对渔获重量;PEWl为第l分支长权重。
功能离散度指数(Functional Divergence Index, FDiv)用多维功能离散度指数表示,推导公式为[16]
$ g_{1}=\frac{1}{S} \sum_{i=1}^{s} x_{ik} \text{,} $
$ d G_{i}=\sqrt{\sum_{k=1}^{T}\left(x_{ik}-g_{k}\right)^{2}} \text{,} $
$ \overline{d G}=\dfrac{1}{S} \displaystyle \sum_{i=1}^{s} d G_{i} \text{,} $
$ \Delta d=\sum_{i=1}^{s} w_{i} \times\left(d G_{i}-\overline{d G}\right) \text{,} $
$ \Delta|d|=\sum_{i=1}^{s} w_{i} \times\left|d G_{i}-\overline{d G}\right| \text{,} $
${\rm{ F D i v}}=\frac{\Delta d+\overline{d G}}{\Delta|d|+\overline{d G}} \text{,} $
式中,S为物种数;xik为物种i性状k的值;gk为性状k的重心;T为性状数;dGi为物种i与重心的距离;$\overline{d G} $dGi的平均值;∆d为以丰度为权重的离散度;$\Delta|d| $为∆d的绝对值;wi为物种i的相对渔获重量。
由于环境变量与功能多样性指数变化复杂,本研究采用Spearman秩相关系数进行相关性分析[37]
为减小调查采样对功能多样性指数计算的影响,在调查站位数不变的情况下,对原始调查数据进行有放回的随机再抽样99次,获得各调查航次鱼类相对资源量的99组模拟数据,计算得到各功能多样性指数的99个模拟值。应用R语言的FD程序包计算功能多样性指数,应用单因素方差分析和多重比较(α=0.05)进行季节间的差异显著性检验,采用R语言的psych程序包计算功能多样性指数与各环境因子的Spearman相关系数并进行显著性检验。采用R语言的ggplot2程序包和surfer13.0软件进行作图。
采用群落特征加权平均数指数分析长山列岛邻近海域鱼类群落优势性状的季节变化趋势(图2)。从营养级来看,春、冬季鱼类群落的营养级明显高于夏、秋季。在鱼类的摄食方面,春、夏季优势性状以游泳动物食性为主,冬季以游泳动物食性和底栖生物食性为主,秋季出现了3种食性类型。从口的位置来看,春、冬季优势性状以端位口和上位口为主,夏、秋季以端位口为主。口的大小方面,春季优势性状仅表现为口裂大,夏、秋、冬季均表现为3种口裂大小。从最大体长看,春、冬季优势性状最大体长较大,夏、秋季优势性状最大体长较小。体型方面,春、冬季优势性状表现为平扁形,夏季优势性状表现为侧扁形和纺锤形,秋季优势性状表现为侧扁形、鳗形和平扁形。洄游类型方面,春季优势性状以定居型和近海洄游型两种,夏季优势性状出现外海洄游型,秋季优势性状涵盖了3种洄游类型,冬季优势性状均为近海洄游型。适温性方面,春、冬季优势性状均为暖温性,夏、秋季优势性状为暖温性和暖水性。生长系数方面,夏季生长系数最高,其次为秋季,春、冬季生长系数显著低于夏、秋季。从栖息位置来看,春、秋、冬季优势性状均为底层栖息,夏季优势性状为底层和中上层栖息。恢复力方面,春季优势性状表现出较低的恢复力,夏季表现为中等恢复力,秋季较低、中等、较高均有,冬季表现为较低和中等恢复力。从鱼卵类型来看,春季为黏着浮性卵,夏、秋季均为浮性卵。脆弱性方面,春、冬季明显高于夏、秋季,夏季脆弱性最低。
长山列岛邻近海域鱼类群落各功能多样性指数呈现一定季节变化(图3)。单因素方差分析和多重比较表明,功能丰富度指数在两两季节间存在显著差异(p<0.05)。秋季最高,为0.76,模拟值的变化范围为0.69~0.87;其次为夏季,功能丰富度指数为0.62,模拟值的变化范围为0.59~0.73;再次为春季;冬季最低。功能均匀度指数在夏季和冬季间无显著性差异,其余两两季节间差异性显著(p<0.05)。功能均匀度指数春季最高,为0.51,模拟值的变化范围为0.29~0.60;其次为秋季,为0.39,模拟值的变化范围为0.20~0.54;夏季与冬季均表现出较低的功能均匀度指数。功能离散度指数在春季、夏季和冬季两两季节间均无显著性差异,而秋季与春、夏、冬季间存在显著性差异(p<0.05)。秋季功能离散度指数最低,且显著低于其他季节,为0.83,模拟值的变化范围为0.7~0.87。
长山列岛邻近水域鱼类群落各功能多样性指数存在一定空间差异(图4)。春季各站位功能丰富度指数的变化范围为0.07~0.89,长山列岛中部海域及东南部明显高于其他海域,最低值出现在长山列岛东北部;功能均匀度指数的变化范围为0.09~0.80,总体表现西高东低,最高值出现在西南部海域;功能离散度指数的变化范围为0.59~0.99,最高值出现在西北部海域。夏季各站位功能丰富度指数的变化范围为0.08~0.83,总体表现东高西低;功能均匀度指数的变化范围为0.14~0.90,分布并无显著规律,最低值出现在中部偏东海域;功能离散度指数的变化范围为0.59~0.98,总体表现东高西低。秋季各站位功能丰富度指数的变化范围为0.16~0.88,大部分海域指数较低,仅在中部偏北海域较高;功能均匀度指数的变化范围为0.07~0.88,大部分海域指数较高,最低值出现在西南角海域;功能离散度指数的变化范围为0.31~0.96,总体表现西高东低。冬季各站位功能丰富度指数的变化范围为0.11~0.81,总体表现东高西低;功能均匀度指数的变化范围为0.10~0.78,总体表现西高东低;功能离散度指数的变化范围为0.59~0.99,大部分海域指数处于较高水平,仅在中部偏南海域较低。
Spearman秩相关分析表明,长山列岛邻近海域鱼类群落各功能多样性与水深、温度和盐度之间存在一定的相关性(表2)。春季功能均匀度指数与底层水温存在显著的正相关关系(p<0.05)。夏季功能丰富度指数与底层水温存在极显著的负相关关系(p<0.01)。秋季各功能多样性指数与环境因子之间无显著相关性。冬季功能丰富度指数与水深、底层水温、表层水温、底层盐度和表层盐度均存在极显著的正相关关系(p<0.01);功能均匀度指数与底层水温存在极显著的负相关关系(p<0.01),与表层水温均存在显著的负相关关系(p<0.05)。
群落特征加权平均数指数反映了鱼类对于环境因子的响应和适应机制[38]。由于环境因子的选择作用,不同季节的优势性状具有显著差异,表明不同季节间鱼类生态位分化明显[39]。从摄食来看,春、冬季的优势性状表现为口裂较大,上位口和端位口并存,游泳动物食性,这类优势性状的代表物种为黄鮟鱇(Lophius litulon)。黄鮟鱇主要摄食小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis)、矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias)、带鱼(Trichiurus lepturus)等游泳生物,是凶猛肉食性鱼类[40],黄鮟鱇“最大体长”的功能性状值高,因此春季、冬季在营养级和最大体长方面的优势性状明显高于夏、秋季,且在体型上优势性状表现为平扁形,在栖息类型上表现为底栖。春、夏季是鱼类重要的产卵洄游时期,黄鲫(Setipinna tenuifilis)、赤鼻棱鳀(Thryssa kammalensis)等鱼类到长山列岛邻近海域浅水区产卵[34],因此优势性状表现为近海洄游型。夏、秋季是鱼类索饵洄游和越冬洄游的重要时期,夏、秋季的渔获重量占比最高的物种为鲐(Scomber japonicus)和小眼绿鳍鱼(Chelidonichthys spinosus),鲐是纺锤形、远海洄游的中上层暖温性鱼类[41],因此在夏、秋季出现了远海洄游型、纺锤形体型和中上层栖息的优势性状。长山列岛邻近海域海水温度的季节性变化较大,优势种从黄鮟鱇、矛尾虾虎鱼、赤鼻棱鳀、鳀(Engraulis japonicus)等暖温种到鲐、小眼绿鳍鱼等暖水种更迭,因此在夏、秋季适温性方面优势性状表现为暖水性。夏、秋季种类的生长系数、恢复力均明显高于春、冬季,而脆弱性明显低于春、冬季,这表明夏、秋季鱼类群落受到干扰后更容易恢复,优势鱼类往往是生活史周期较短、小型成体、快速发育的低龄繁殖鱼类[42],例如方氏云鳚(Enedrias fangi)、黄鲫、赤鼻棱鳀、鳀、鲐、矛尾虾虎鱼、小眼绿鳍鱼、斑鰶(Konosirus punctatus)等,而春、冬季鱼类群落则受到干扰后的恢复力较差[42]。因此,该海域秋季鱼类群落可以承受较高的捕捞压力[43];而在冬季进行捕捞作业时,应更加注重鱼类群落的保护与恢复,减少捕捞强度,保护较大个体亲本,以维持各鱼种的补充数量处于较高水平[43]
鱼类洄游特征是造成长山列岛邻近海域鱼类功能多样性指数季节变化的重要原因。夏、秋季节,鲐、蓝点马鲛(Scomberomorus niphonius)、黄尾鰤(Seriola lalandi)、细条天竺鲷(Jaydia lineata)、长蛇鲻(Saurida elongata)、黑鲷(Acanthopagrus schlegelii)、蓝圆鲹(Decapterus maruadsi)和油魣(Sphyraena pinguis)等多种洄游性鱼类来该海域生殖和索饵,增加了洄游类型、体型、最大体长、适温性、栖息位置、鱼卵类型等功能性状的范围和取值,使鱼类占据的生态位空间得以增加。因此,夏、秋季功能丰富度指数显著高于春、冬季,表明夏、秋季鱼类群落对环境的适应能力和对生态入侵的承受能力更强[44],这也在脆弱性和恢复力指标中得以体现。功能均匀度指数在春季最高,原因是春季黄鲫、赤鼻棱鳀、方氏云鳚等低营养级的浮游生物食性鱼类相对生物量增加,增加了营养级、口的大小等摄食性状的广度。因此,春季鱼类群落生态位更加分化,对于资源的利用更加充分[44]。功能离散度指数在秋季最低,原因是秋季种类数和相对生物量虽然最高,但是例如黄鮟鱇、长蛇鲻、油魣、星康吉鳗(Conger myriaster)、小带鱼(Eupleurogrammus muticus)等较高营养级鱼类等竞争激烈,生态位重叠严重,鱼类群落表现为竞争排斥状态[45]
环境因子的差异引起了长山列岛邻近海域功能多样性的空间差异。春季随着水深变浅,底层水温逐渐增高,赤鼻棱鳀、黄鲫等暖温种逐渐向温度较高的西部海域迁移,增加了西部海域摄食性状的广度。因此,春季功能均匀度指数表现出西高东低的分布趋势,与底层水温显著正相关。夏季功能丰富度指数与底层水温显著负相关,原因可能是夏季表层水温的变化范围(24.85~27.91℃)超过了绝大多数鱼类的最适水温,较低温区域的鱼类种类数和相对生物量均高于高温区域。黄海影响到长山列岛东北部海域的冷水团,主要为低温高盐水[28],长山列岛东部海域表现出低温高盐的性质,因此夏季功能丰富度指数表现出东高西低的分布趋势。冬季功能丰富度指数与底层水温、表层水温、底层盐度和表层盐度均显著正相关,长山列岛东部海域受到黄海暖流高温高盐水的影响[29],水文条件表现出高温高盐的趋势,因此冬季功能丰富度指数呈现出东高西低的分布趋势。冬季功能均匀度指数与底层水温和表层水温显著负相关,同时呈现出西高东低的分布趋势,这可能是在水温的驱动下,多数暖温种在长山列岛东部海域聚集,但鱼类资源利用方式相同,鱼类群落表现为竞争排斥,而西部海域鱼类群落表现为环境过滤作用[46]
由于物种本质特征极大地影响了物种在生态系统的功能[47],基于功能性状的多样性研究有助于深入理解物种与生态系统功能之间的联系以及环境因素和干扰对群落结构的影响。除本研究的13种功能性状外,鳍的形状、位置、眼的位置等重要功能性状,在数据充足的情况下,可根据需要适当选择,从而更全面准确地理解鱼类功能多样性的变化。
鱼类作为海洋生态系统的重要次级消费者,研究鱼类群落功能多样性具有重要意义。在环境因子的影响下,长山列岛邻近海域鱼类群落优势功能性状的季节变化明显,功能多样性具有一定的季节变化,其空间格局也展现出复杂性、异质性的特点。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2019YFD0901205)。
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2023年第45卷第1期
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doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023008
  • 接收时间:2022-05-24
  • 首发时间:2025-12-26
  • 出版时间:2023-01-01
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  • 收稿日期:2022-05-24
  • 修回日期:2022-07-01
基金
国家重点研发计划(2019YFD0901205)。
作者信息
    1 中国海洋大学 水产学院,山东 青岛 266003
    2 青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室 海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,山东 青岛 266237
    3 海州湾渔业生态系统教育部野外科学观测研究站,山东 青岛 266003
    4 山东省渔业发展和资源养护总站,山东 烟台 264003

通讯作者:

*徐宾铎,副教授,主要从事渔业资源、渔业生物多样性和海洋生态学的研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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