Article(id=1211258399895982213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1211258399447191684, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12284/hyxb2023030, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1654444800000, receivedDateStr=2022-06-06, revisedDate=1663689600000, revisedDateStr=2022-09-21, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766716106627, onlineDateStr=2025-12-26, pubDate=1672502400000, pubDateStr=2023-01-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766716106627, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766716106627, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766716106627, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1211258399447191684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2023', volume='45', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='70', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766716106520, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766734463188, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1211335392964506397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1211258399447191684, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1211335392964506398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1211258399447191684, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1, endPage=12, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1211258400147640455, articleId=1211258399895982213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=The spatial distribution characteristics of dissolved rare earth elements in seawater of REY-enriched region in South Pacific Ocean, columnId=1194652705852465724, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

As potential mineral resources, rare earth elements and yttrium (REY)-rich sediments in deep-sea, have attracted a lot of attention in recent years. It is generally believed that the main source of REY should come from overlying seawater, but studies are in general lacking on the REY in overlying seawater in REY-enriched areas. In this paper, the dissolved concentrations and vertical distributions of 15 REY were studied in three stations located in the South Pacific Ocean, where enriched REY concentrations were found in sediments. Data obtained from this study were compared with data reported in adjacent waters and other ocean basins. The REY concentration in surface water of the study area was mainly controlled by wind-driven dust input, while the middle and deep waters were controlled by water masses. After the normalization of Post Achaean Australian Shale (PAAS) and North Pacific deep water (NPDW), the fractionation characteristics of REY can be clearly identified, and different water mass characteristics can be distinguished. When compared to data reported in other ocean basins and adjacent waters, more differences are found in surface waters due to dust and terrestrial inputs, while the REY concentrations in Indian Ocean are similar to the study region; the REY concentrations in deep water show a positive correlation with the age of water mass, i.e. the concentrations of REY from small to large are Atlantic, Indian Ocean, South Pacific, North Pacific.

, correspAuthors=Li Li, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2023 Pratacultural Science. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Hongna Liu, Li Li, Yijun Ren, Xiaojing Wang, Jihua Liu, Xuefa Shi), CN=ArticleExt(id=1211258401884082362, articleId=1211258399895982213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=南太平洋富稀土海区海水中的溶解态稀土元素空间分布特征研究, columnId=1149698756456657529, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

深海富稀土沉积物因其资源潜力巨大,近年来备受关注。一般认为,沉积物中稀土元素和钇(总称REY)的主要来源为上覆海水,但针对富稀土海区上覆海水中REY的研究较少。本研究针对南太平洋富稀土海区采集的3个站位的全水深海水样品,测试出了15种溶解态REY,并对比了邻近海域已发表的数据,分析了该海区REY的空间分布特征。研究区表层水中溶解态REY浓度主要受风尘输入影响,而中层和深层水体中溶解态REY浓度主要受水团控制。经过澳大利亚后太古代页岩(PAAS)和北太平洋深层水(NPDW)归一化后的配分模式可确定REY间的分馏特征,分辨出不同水团。与其他大洋中报道的REY数据比较发现,表层水中REY浓度受风尘和河流输入影响导致差别较大,中层水中REY浓度与印度洋较为接近,深层水中REY浓度与不同大洋的水团年龄表现为正相关趋势,即REY浓度由小到大依次为大西洋、印度洋、南太平洋、北太平洋。

, correspAuthors=李力, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*李力,研究员,研究方向为海洋地球化学。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《海洋学报》编辑部 2023, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=SepFEZ08T70efW7lZZx4EA==, magXml=4fiwHynsuKaXZ7G8Csc4Wg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=ySFhOVDJlr/MQhBp1MB03Q==, pdfFileSize=2910269, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=IdcHwn6nTbR0fVd3U2PhbA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=gyAWHm5L1eYmA7Y33BVjqw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

刘洪娜(1995-),女,山东省新泰市人,研究方向为海洋地球化学。E-mail:

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刘洪娜(1995-),女,山东省新泰市人,研究方向为海洋地球化学。E-mail:

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刘洪娜(1995-),女,山东省新泰市人,研究方向为海洋地球化学。E-mail:

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Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2011., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1215295129791938628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258399895982213, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室创新团队建设项目(MGQNLM-TD201809);国家自然科学基金(91858209);国际海域资源调查与开发“十三五”项目(DY135-R2-1)。, fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1215295125010432872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258399895982213, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215295125018821481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258399895982213, companyId=1215295125010432872, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 自然资源部第一海洋研究所 海洋地质与成矿作用重点实验室,山东 青岛 266061)]), AuthorCompany(id=1215295125102707565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258399895982213, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215295125111096174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258399895982213, companyId=1215295125102707565, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Metallogeny, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China)]), AuthorCompany(id=1215295125169816434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258399895982213, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215295125178205043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258399895982213, companyId=1215295125169816434, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室 海洋地质过程与环境功能实验室,山东青岛 266037)]), AuthorCompany(id=1215295125253702519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258399895982213, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1215295125262091128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258399895982213, companyId=1215295125253702519, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Laboratory for Marine Geology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266037, China)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1215295128076468226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258399895982213, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Station locations in South Pacific Ocean and water mass migration path in the study area

STSW: Subtropical Surface Water; SAAW: Subantarctic Water; AAIW: Antarctic Intermediate Water (from south to north); NPDW: North Pacific Deep Water (from north to south); LCDW: Lower Circumpolar Deep Water (from south to north); UCDW: Upper Circumpolar Deep Water; EUC: Equatorial Undercurrent. For the analysis of water masses, refer to references [30-31]; Station GeoB17018 refer to reference [10]; Station 14 refer to reference [13]; Station EUC-Fe 14 refer to reference [30]; Station SO225-53-4 refer to reference [31]; Station GYR refer to reference [32]; Station 9 and Station 66 refer to reference [33]

, figureFileSmall=BdTsM0230bphkN+Z4Yl9ug==, figureFileBig=KtZVt6Y8TcQ9I3dsZ4PBAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215295128156160004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258399895982213, language=CN, label=图1, caption=南太平洋研究区站位及水团运移路径

STSW:亚热带表层水;SAAW:亚南极水;AAIW:南极中层水(由南向北);NPDW:北太平洋深层水(由北向南);LCDW:下环极深层水(由南向北);UCDW:上环极深层水;EUC:赤道潜流。水团分析参考自文献 [30-31];GeoB17018站位参考自文献[10];14站位参考自文献[13];EUC-Fe14站位参考自文献[30];SO225-53-4站位参考自文献[31];GYR站位参考自文献[32];9站位和66站位参考自文献[33]

, figureFileSmall=BdTsM0230bphkN+Z4Yl9ug==, figureFileBig=KtZVt6Y8TcQ9I3dsZ4PBAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215295128248434696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258399895982213, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Temperature (a) and salinity (b) section in South Pacific Ocean

The flow direction (the “circle” and the “cross mark” represent “from north to south” and “from south to north” respectively) of the main water masses are also shown by transparent arrows

, figureFileSmall=nETPObvEJ+ci/LOLZGjD3g==, figureFileBig=6M6iqBaVToFIO2x1xS/peg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215295128323932171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258399895982213, language=CN, label=图2, caption=南太平洋研究区温度(a)和盐度(b)的剖面图

研究区内主要的水团及运移方向(“圆圈”和“叉号”分别代表“由北向南”和“由南向北”)在盐度图中进行了标示

, figureFileSmall=nETPObvEJ+ci/LOLZGjD3g==, figureFileBig=6M6iqBaVToFIO2x1xS/peg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215295128391041038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258399895982213, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=The potential temperature-salinity distribution of the seawater in South Pacific Ocean

The gray lines represent the density of seawater

, figureFileSmall=YEWs9V7G5sEOdgHUczOLGw==, figureFileBig=hlYLkmsLJpRwxNFCZ8JVkw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215295128479121426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258399895982213, language=CN, label=图3, caption=南太平洋研究区海水站位温盐分布

灰色线为海水密度

, figureFileSmall=YEWs9V7G5sEOdgHUczOLGw==, figureFileBig=hlYLkmsLJpRwxNFCZ8JVkw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215295128575590421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258399895982213, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Comparison of REY concentrations in seawater in three stations (S006, S020, S021) of this study with adjacent stations in the South Pacific Ocean

No Y data were reported at EUC-Fe14 and GYR stations

, figureFileSmall=krhAWD1WG6SmlEGbKEtEbQ==, figureFileBig=i12RsJs2VVRn7QGvySyqOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215295128655282200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258399895982213, language=CN, label=图4, caption=本研究3个站位(S006、S020、S021)海水中溶解态REY浓度与南太平洋邻近站位的比较

EUC-Fe14和GYR站位未报道Y数据

, figureFileSmall=krhAWD1WG6SmlEGbKEtEbQ==, figureFileBig=i12RsJs2VVRn7QGvySyqOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215295128739168284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258399895982213, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=The vertical distribution of the ratios and anomalies of dissolved REY in South Pacific Ocean, figureFileSmall=JW/qH8u6jHdhghP/5NVATg==, figureFileBig=o3YrNUy9Ph8aZqTUj/k+Ig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215295128844025887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258399895982213, language=CN, label=图5, caption=南太平洋海水中溶解态REY元素间比值、异常值的垂向分布, figureFileSmall=JW/qH8u6jHdhghP/5NVATg==, figureFileBig=o3YrNUy9Ph8aZqTUj/k+Ig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215295128919523363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258399895982213, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=The PAAS normalized patterns of dissolved REY, figureFileSmall=trp8wzluG39ZFXxkvYvUXA==, figureFileBig=5+hCpr3PoLgJYraQpBbGPw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215295128986632230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258399895982213, language=CN, label=图6, caption=PAAS标准化的溶解态稀土元素配分模式, figureFileSmall=trp8wzluG39ZFXxkvYvUXA==, figureFileBig=5+hCpr3PoLgJYraQpBbGPw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215295129062129704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258399895982213, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=NPDW-normalized patterns of selected water layers at three stations in the South Pacific Ocean (a) and NPDW-normalized distribution patterns of REY concentrations at different depths in previous studies (b), figureFileSmall=l3bndl45+95trN//vHYDMw==, figureFileBig=8ppsLOvQdrSl6z4Gu3smNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215295129141821482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258399895982213, language=CN, label=图7, caption=南太平洋3个站位挑选的水层经NPDW归一化后的配分模式(a)和前人研究中不同深度的REY浓度经NPDW归一化后的配分模式(b), figureFileSmall=l3bndl45+95trN//vHYDMw==, figureFileBig=8ppsLOvQdrSl6z4Gu3smNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215295129221513261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258399895982213, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=The vertical distribution of mean values of REY in seawater obtained in the South Pacific Ocean in this study and in the Indian Ocean (Station CD1504)[50], Atlantic Ocean (Station 13)[9] and North Pacific Ocean (Station Vertex IV)[45] in previous studies, figureFileSmall=d9JizQRCT4tAUjWMEoG5EQ==, figureFileBig=qGloD4gCIXcaNER63DeYHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215295129292816433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258399895982213, language=CN, label=图8, caption=本研究在南太平洋获得的海水中REY的平均值与前人在印度洋(CD1504站位)[50]、大西洋(13站位)[9]和北太平洋(Vertex IV 站位)[45]获得的海水中REY的平均值的垂向分布, figureFileSmall=d9JizQRCT4tAUjWMEoG5EQ==, figureFileBig=qGloD4gCIXcaNER63DeYHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215295129368313908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258399895982213, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Average blank value, detection limits and recoveries of dissolved REY concentration in seawater

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素空白值/(pmol·L−1
n=18)
检测限/(pmol·L−1回收率/%
n=28)
注:n为样品数量。
Y0.24±0.140.4298±8
La0.15±0.090.2791±6
Ce1.27±0.140.4293±5
Pr0.03±0.010.0397±4
Nd0.09±0.050.15100±4
Sm0.02±0.010.03102±7
Eu0.01±0.010.02103±6
Gd0.02±0.010.0499±4
Tb0.01±00.01101±4
Dy0.01±0.010.03101±6
Ho0.01±00.01101±6
Er0.01±0.010.02102±6
Tm0±00.01102±7
Yb0.01±0.010.02103±8
Lu0±00.01101±7
), ArticleFig(id=1215295129452199992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258399895982213, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

海水中溶解态REY浓度实验方法平均空白值、检测限及回收率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素空白值/(pmol·L−1
n=18)
检测限/(pmol·L−1回收率/%
n=28)
注:n为样品数量。
Y0.24±0.140.4298±8
La0.15±0.090.2791±6
Ce1.27±0.140.4293±5
Pr0.03±0.010.0397±4
Nd0.09±0.050.15100±4
Sm0.02±0.010.03102±7
Eu0.01±0.010.02103±6
Gd0.02±0.010.0499±4
Tb0.01±00.01101±4
Dy0.01±0.010.03101±6
Ho0.01±00.01101±6
Er0.01±0.010.02102±6
Tm0±00.01102±7
Yb0.01±0.010.02103±8
Lu0±00.01101±7
), ArticleFig(id=1215295129527697467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258399895982213, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The analyzed REY concentrations of certified seawater samples (CASS-5 and NASS-6), compared with the reported values in literature (unit: pmol/L)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素CASS-5NASS-6
本文报道值a本文报道值b
注:数据为平均值±标准偏差;a. 基于文献[3637]的数据计算的CASS-5中REY浓度的平均值;b. 基于文献[3739]的数据计算的NASS-6中REY浓度的平均值。
Y191.2±2.3216.2±1.1229.0±23.0
La65.8±7.656.5±1.372.8±1.174.4±4.3
Ce26.4±024.1±2.227.3±0.130.0±3.8
Pr9.2±1.07.8±1.110.5±0.111.4±1.1
Nd38.3±2.334.8±1.644.9±0.346.3±1.4
Sm8.6±0.38.2±0.47.4±0.28.4±1.2
Eu1.5±01.3±0.11.6±0.11.7±0.2
Gd8.3±07.8±1.09.9±0.18.9±1.3
Tb1.2±01.2±0.31.4±0.01.5±0.1
Dy7.9±0.17.8±0.510.0±0.110.0±0.5
Ho2.1±02.0±0.12.5±0.12.4±0.2
Er6.6±0.16.4±0.28.0±08.0±0.4
Tm1.0±00.9±01.1±01.1±0.1
Yb6.5±06.3±0.27.8±0.17.7±0.4
Lu1.1±01.1±01.3±01.2±0.1
), ArticleFig(id=1215295129624166462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1211258399895982213, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

标准海水(CASS-5和NASS-6)中REY浓度的分析结果与前人结果的比较(单位:pmol/L)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素CASS-5NASS-6
本文报道值a本文报道值b
注:数据为平均值±标准偏差;a. 基于文献[3637]的数据计算的CASS-5中REY浓度的平均值;b. 基于文献[3739]的数据计算的NASS-6中REY浓度的平均值。
Y191.2±2.3216.2±1.1229.0±23.0
La65.8±7.656.5±1.372.8±1.174.4±4.3
Ce26.4±024.1±2.227.3±0.130.0±3.8
Pr9.2±1.07.8±1.110.5±0.111.4±1.1
Nd38.3±2.334.8±1.644.9±0.346.3±1.4
Sm8.6±0.38.2±0.47.4±0.28.4±1.2
Eu1.5±01.3±0.11.6±0.11.7±0.2
Gd8.3±07.8±1.09.9±0.18.9±1.3
Tb1.2±01.2±0.31.4±0.01.5±0.1
Dy7.9±0.17.8±0.510.0±0.110.0±0.5
Ho2.1±02.0±0.12.5±0.12.4±0.2
Er6.6±0.16.4±0.28.0±08.0±0.4
Tm1.0±00.9±01.1±01.1±0.1
Yb6.5±06.3±0.27.8±0.17.7±0.4
Lu1.1±01.1±01.3±01.2±0.1
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南太平洋富稀土海区海水中的溶解态稀土元素空间分布特征研究
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刘洪娜 1 , 李力 1, 2, * , 任艺君 1 , 王小静 1 , 刘季花 1, 2 , 石学法 1, 2
海洋学报 | 论文 2023,45(1): 1-12
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海洋学报 | 论文 2023, 45(1): 1-12
南太平洋富稀土海区海水中的溶解态稀土元素空间分布特征研究
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刘洪娜1 , 李力1, 2, * , 任艺君1, 王小静1, 刘季花1, 2, 石学法1, 2
作者信息
  • 1 自然资源部第一海洋研究所 海洋地质与成矿作用重点实验室,山东 青岛 266061
  • 2 青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室 海洋地质过程与环境功能实验室,山东青岛 266037
  • 刘洪娜(1995-),女,山东省新泰市人,研究方向为海洋地球化学。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*李力,研究员,研究方向为海洋地球化学。E-mail:
The spatial distribution characteristics of dissolved rare earth elements in seawater of REY-enriched region in South Pacific Ocean
Hongna Liu1 , Li Li1, 2, * , Yijun Ren1, Xiaojing Wang1, Jihua Liu1, 2, Xuefa Shi1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Metallogeny, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
  • 2Laboratory for Marine Geology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266037, China
出版时间: 2023-01-01 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023030
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深海富稀土沉积物因其资源潜力巨大,近年来备受关注。一般认为,沉积物中稀土元素和钇(总称REY)的主要来源为上覆海水,但针对富稀土海区上覆海水中REY的研究较少。本研究针对南太平洋富稀土海区采集的3个站位的全水深海水样品,测试出了15种溶解态REY,并对比了邻近海域已发表的数据,分析了该海区REY的空间分布特征。研究区表层水中溶解态REY浓度主要受风尘输入影响,而中层和深层水体中溶解态REY浓度主要受水团控制。经过澳大利亚后太古代页岩(PAAS)和北太平洋深层水(NPDW)归一化后的配分模式可确定REY间的分馏特征,分辨出不同水团。与其他大洋中报道的REY数据比较发现,表层水中REY浓度受风尘和河流输入影响导致差别较大,中层水中REY浓度与印度洋较为接近,深层水中REY浓度与不同大洋的水团年龄表现为正相关趋势,即REY浓度由小到大依次为大西洋、印度洋、南太平洋、北太平洋。

海水  /  稀土元素  /  源汇过程  /  水团运输  /  南太平洋

As potential mineral resources, rare earth elements and yttrium (REY)-rich sediments in deep-sea, have attracted a lot of attention in recent years. It is generally believed that the main source of REY should come from overlying seawater, but studies are in general lacking on the REY in overlying seawater in REY-enriched areas. In this paper, the dissolved concentrations and vertical distributions of 15 REY were studied in three stations located in the South Pacific Ocean, where enriched REY concentrations were found in sediments. Data obtained from this study were compared with data reported in adjacent waters and other ocean basins. The REY concentration in surface water of the study area was mainly controlled by wind-driven dust input, while the middle and deep waters were controlled by water masses. After the normalization of Post Achaean Australian Shale (PAAS) and North Pacific deep water (NPDW), the fractionation characteristics of REY can be clearly identified, and different water mass characteristics can be distinguished. When compared to data reported in other ocean basins and adjacent waters, more differences are found in surface waters due to dust and terrestrial inputs, while the REY concentrations in Indian Ocean are similar to the study region; the REY concentrations in deep water show a positive correlation with the age of water mass, i.e. the concentrations of REY from small to large are Atlantic, Indian Ocean, South Pacific, North Pacific.

seawater  /  rare earth elements  /  source and sink processes  /  water mass transportation  /  South Pacific Ocean
刘洪娜, 李力, 任艺君, 王小静, 刘季花, 石学法. 南太平洋富稀土海区海水中的溶解态稀土元素空间分布特征研究. 海洋学报, 2023 , 45 (1) : 1 -12 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2023030
Hongna Liu, Li Li, Yijun Ren, Xiaojing Wang, Jihua Liu, Xuefa Shi. The spatial distribution characteristics of dissolved rare earth elements in seawater of REY-enriched region in South Pacific Ocean[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2023 , 45 (1) : 1 -12 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2023030
稀土元素(Rare Earth Elements, REE)包括从La到Lu的15种镧系元素,因钇(Y,原子序数39)的化学性质与镧系元素十分相似,也常被纳入REE的研究当中,因此统称为REY。REY具有极其相似的化学性质,但元素间也有差异,例如Ce在有氧水体中易被氧化成为CeO2(IV),从而被清除出水体[1],而Eu在热液蚀变等变质作用相关的流体−岩石相互作用过程中被还原成Eu(II)[2]。因此,REY可作为海洋生物地球化学过程中强有力的示踪剂,从而被广泛应用于海水氧化还原环境[1]、水团运移[3-4]以及颗粒态交换和清除[3]等过程的研究中。
海水中溶解态REY浓度极低,一般在皮摩尔每升(pmol/L=10−12 mol/L)量级。因REY浓度极低且海水基体较为复杂,测试极具挑战。Goldberg等[5]最早在东太平洋海域内报道了可靠的REY浓度数据。但一直到20世纪80年代,海水中较为准确的数据才开始有较多报道[6-8]。海水中溶解态REY的垂向分布受水团运移和混合[9-10]、风尘输入及颗粒物吸附和再矿化[11]等过程的影响,通常呈现为“类营养盐”型[12]。REY的外部来源主要包括河流输入、大气沉降、热液流体、地下水等[12-13]。内部循环是指由于生物吸收−再矿化、颗粒物表面的吸附−解吸、沉淀−溶解等过程导致的溶解态与颗粒态之间的交换过程[14-16]。近年来,表层沉积物早期成岩过程中导致的孔隙水中溶解态REY浓度升高并扩散至上覆水体的过程,也开始被认为是水体中一种新的REY来源,备受关注[13]
REY配分模式是表征地质体类型时最明显和有效的方式,一般使用页岩或球粒陨石中稀土含量的均值进行归一化处理[11]。首先,通过归一化可以消除REY间由“Oddo–Harkins rule”引起的奇偶效应[17-18]。其次,通常认为页岩代表陆源的REY特征,海水与页岩配分特征的差异则可能是由REY在海水中的生物地球化学过程导致的[14, 19]。因此,通过针对页岩归一化配分模式的研究可甄别对海水中REY影响较大的生物地球化学过程。
Kato等[20]提出了太平洋大面积深海沉积物富含稀土,使得深海沉积物作为潜在的矿产资源被广泛关注。之后,石学法等[21]在全球海底划分了4个富稀土成矿带,包括南太平洋、中−东太平洋、西太平洋和中印度洋−沃顿海盆富稀土成矿带。近年来的研究表明,深海沉积物中稀土的富集很有可能发生在沉积物−海水界面,是极为缓慢的沉积速率、水深大于碳酸盐饱和深度及强烈的氧化环境共同作用的结果,其稀土来源主要为上覆海水[21-22]。所以,深海沉积物富集机制的研究中,针对上覆海水的研究至关重要。
然而,由于海水中REY的浓度较低,且海水组成复杂、测试困难,导致国内针对海水中REY的研究较少,20世纪80年代初才开始有针对边缘海的研究[23],目前发表的研究数据也很有限,只有少数学者发表了一批针对长江口、东海近岸及西太平洋海域的数据[24-28]。针对大洋的研究更是极度匮乏,我国还没有针对南太平洋海水中溶解态稀土的报道。本研究依托大洋46航次采集的南太平洋富稀土海区内3个全水深站位的海水,测定了其溶解态REY浓度,并与相关水团数据相结合,针对影响该海区稀土分布的源汇以及生物地球化学过程进行了解析。
海水样品于2018年3−5月利用“向阳红01”科考船在执行大洋46航次时在南太平洋采集。共采集了3个全水深站位的海水(共49个海水样品),分别为S006、S020和S021(9°~18°S,99°~155°W),站位位置见图1。海水样品使用CTD(Sea-Bird 911 plus, Sea-Bird Electronics Inc.)上的Niskin采样瓶采集。水样采集后,用预先清洗过的C-flex管(Cole-Parmer Inc.)两端分别连接船上的采样瓶及预先清洗过的孔径为0.2 μm的AcroPak囊式过滤器(Pall Inc.),通过便携式蠕动泵(Cole-Parmer Inc.)进行抽滤。过滤后的海水样品(500 mL左右)收集于已洗净的低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)采样瓶中,并加入高纯硝酸(Fisher公司,Optima级)酸化至pH约为2后,盖紧瓶盖,然后套入两层塑料袋,常温密封保存用于溶解态REY的分析。样品瓶、滤膜及相关实验器具的清洗步骤见文献[29],海水样品的分析与处理均在自然资源部第一海洋研究所的千级洁净实验室中进行。
海水中溶解态REY的分析首先要进行预富集,将海水中浓度极低的REY从复杂的海水基体中分离出来。预富集步骤使用的是自动预富集系统(seaFAST,Elemental Scientific Inc., 美国),富集后的溶液使用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS,Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., XII series)进行分析测定。seaFAST系统中用于富集海水中REY的树脂是Nobias PA1®,该树脂有乙二胺四乙酸铵(EDTriA)和亚氨二乙酸(IDA)两个官能团[34],对水体中的REY具有很强的吸附性且易被洗脱,重复利用性高[35]
实验步骤在Biller和Bruland[34]方法的基础上进行了改进。简单来说,准确称量20 mL(精确到0.01g)海水样品储存在已洗净的50 mL离心管中,加入10−9铟(In)内标充分混匀后用seaFAST离线模式自动富集。具体富集过程为:用1 mol/L HNO3清洗树脂柱及整个管路;用约5 mL 0.05 mol/L NH4AC缓冲溶液(pH为5.5~5.8)清洗树脂柱;将调节好pH的样品通过树脂柱;再一次通过缓冲溶液和超纯水,将树脂柱上吸附的多余的Na+、Mg2+等影响测试的离子洗净;反向通过10%的洗脱酸,将富集在树脂柱上的REY(约0.5 mL,准确称量至0.01 g)洗脱。在ICP-MS测试过程中选用碰撞池模式消除氧化物干扰。该方法可同时富集包括Y在内的15种REY(钷(Pm)无天然同位素且浓度过低,无法测定),相对于以往研究,该测试方法有着耗样品量少、简便、快捷的优点,且样品的回收率很高(表1)。
实验方法空白值和检测限如表1所示。在测试过程中,每隔10个样品进行空白和标线的测试以确定测样过程中的准确性。标准海水(CASS-5和NASS-6,加拿大国家研究委员会)的测试结果如表2所示。由于这两个标准海水目前未报道REY的标准值,我们将其与国外文献中已报道数据进行了对比,结果较为一致(表2)。
溶解态REY异常参数是利用某元素与其相邻元素进行标准化之后的数据进行计算,一般使用澳大利亚后太古代页岩(Post Achaean Australian Shale, PAAS)。该异常值的计算可帮助辨明某REY因受不同的生物地球化学过程造成的分馏,经过标准化之后比值大于1时,表示与相邻元素相比呈富集状态,反之则呈亏损状态。本研究中针对几个元素La、Ce、Gd、Y的异常值计算公式如下所示,其中La、Ce、Gd的公式是根据现有参考文献[16, 40-42]确定的,Y与Ho原子半径和化学性质相似,因此将Y置于Dy和Ho之间,如式(4):
$ {\rm{La}}/{\rm{La}}^*={\rm{La}}_n/(3\times {\rm{Pr}} -2\times {\rm{Nd}})_n \text{,} $
$ {\rm{Ce}}/{\rm{Ce}}^*=2\times {\rm{Ce}}_n/({\rm{La}}+{\rm{Pr}})_n \text{,} $
$ {\rm{Gd}}/{\rm{Gd}}^*=2\times {\rm{Gd}}_n/({\rm{Eu}}+{\rm{Tb}})_n \text{,} $
$ {\rm{Y}}/{\rm{Y}}^*=2\times {\rm{Y}}_n/({\rm{Dy}}+{\rm{Ho}})_n , $
式中,n指REY浓度经澳大利亚后太古代页岩标准化之后的数值。
研究海区的温、盐剖面如图2图3所示。由图可见,S006与S020两个站位虽相隔较远,但温、盐变化基本一致。根据这两个站位的温盐数据判断,表层水和次表层水(0~500 m)主要由亚热带表层水( Subtropical Surface Water, STSW)和亚南极水(Subantarctic Water, SAAW)组成;中层水(600~1 000 m)为南极中层水(Antarctic Intermediate Water, AAIW);深层水则主要是北太平洋深层水(North Pacific Deep Water, NPDW)。下环极深层水(Lower Circumpolar Deep Water, LCDW)对这两个站位影响较小且影响的层位较深(大于4 000 m)。位于研究区最西部的S021站位与S006和S020略有不同,表层水受STSW的影响,次表层水由于受南太平洋亚热带水(South Pacific Subtropical Water, SPSW)影响,盐度相对较低(小于34.90);中层水受AAIW的影响,深层水为NPDW和LCDW的混合;底层水受南极底层水(Antarctic Bottom Water, AABW)的影响(大于4 400 m)[30-31]
总体来看,位于最西侧的S021站位与S006站位和S020站位区别在于深层水中S021站位受由南向北的LCDW的影响较大,而S006站位和S020站位深层水还受由北向南的NPDW的较大影响。前人研究发现,西太平洋深层水除受LCDW影响,还会受上环极深层水(Upper Circumpolar Deep Water, UCDW)的显著影响[31, 43],但本研究中并未发现该水团。
研究区内3个站位溶解态REY的垂向分布如图4所示,选择用La和Nd代表轻稀土(LREE)、Gd和Y代表中稀土(MREE)、Er和Lu代表重稀土(HREE)作图。因Ce特殊的氧化还原性质,也在图4中展示其垂向分布。总体来说,除Ce以外,3个站位溶解态REY的垂向分布均表现为表层清除、深层富集的“类营养盐”模式,与之前报道的大洋海水中REY垂向分布类似[10, 13, 40]
图4所示,表层水(0~100 m)中REY的浓度相较于次表层水较高,且由于风尘输入影响逐渐变小,REY随深度增加到100 m上下时浓度降为最低,后随深度的增加浓度逐渐增大。S006站位的总溶解态REY(∑REY)浓度范围为90~328 pmol/L,S020站位的总溶解态REY(∑REY)浓度范围为70~330 pmol/L。与温度、盐度分布类似,这两个站位的REY浓度和垂向分布都极为相似,即这两个站位虽距离较远,但影响该海区的水团分布完全相同,从而使得其海水中REY浓度和垂向分布类似。与S006站位和S020站位相比,S021站位∑REY 浓度偏高(100~420 pmol/L),尤其是表层水和中层水。且该站位表层水和中层水的盐度相对较低,受到近岸陆源输入影响较大[13, 44]图3);水深在2 000~4 000 m之间时,REY浓度增加的趋势变小,趋于平缓;在水深大于4 000 m之后,REY浓度有明显降低趋势,应是受南极起源的LCDW的影响。LCDW是由环极深层水在南大西洋生成,通过西南太平洋流向赤道,水团较年轻,通过生源颗粒物再矿化所积累的REY浓度较低[45]
目前报道南太平洋海域海水中REY浓度的文献不多,我们将本研究的数据与文献报道的相邻海域站位(图1)数据进行了比较(图4)。现有文献中,距离研究区西部S021站位较近的站位为14站位[13]和EUC-Fe14站位[30],而距离S006站位和S020站位较近的站位只有GYR[32]站位。经过对比发现,本研究获得的数据与相邻站位报道的数据在浓度范围和分布趋势上有较大的可比性,显示了本研究数据的可靠性。前人报道中,也显示研究区西部的站位REY浓度高于东部, 应是受风尘输入的影响所致[32]。并且,由于LREE相对HREE更容易吸附在颗粒物表面,导致在由风尘输入的颗粒物质中,LREE浓度远高于HREE,从而使得在同样受风尘输入影响较大的相邻站位中,LREE浓度差异会大于HREE。
用La、Sm、Yb分别代表轻、中、重稀土元素,针对其比值(La/Yb)n、(La/Sm)n和(Sm/Yb)n的垂向分布作图,如图5a图5c所示。与次表层水体相比,表层水中REY浓度相对较高,且配分模式更趋于平缓,各元素异常较小,这可能是表层水受风尘输入的影响所致[46-48]。在最小含氧层(600~1 000 m)内,有机质发生分解,优先释放大量的HREE[5, 45],导致海水中轻、重稀土比值(La/Yb)n和中、重稀土比值(Sm/Yb)n随深度的增加表现出明显下降;轻、中稀土比值(La/Sm)n随深度增加而升高。在深度大于1 500 m之后,比值基本恒定或略升高,这是由于在深层水中,REY的浓度变化较小,且优先吸附在颗粒物表面的LREE和MREE也逐渐被释放进入水体,导致在深层水中3种REY的比值发生轻微的变化。结合轻、中、重3种稀土元素的异常(图5d图5f)可以看出,在表层水中,LREE和MREE富集,而在深层水中HREE更为富集,反映出溶解态LREE更容易被清除出水体,表现为负异常,而溶解态HREE与碳酸盐产生较强无机络合从而稳定存在于海水中。
研究区内3个海水站位的REY浓度经过PAAS归一化后的配分模式如图6所示,该配分模式与前人报道的海水中溶解态REY的配分模式类似,表现为HREE随深度的增加逐渐富集和Ce的负异常[39, 49-50]。研究区内所有样品均出现Ce的负异常,随水深的增加,Ce逐渐被清除出水体,因此表层水(深度小于200 m)Ce异常(Ce/Ce*>0.5)较底层水(Ce/Ce*约为0.1)不显著,且溶解态Ce浓度较高(图5h)。表层水中REY的配分模式整体较平缓,LREE与HREE分馏不明显,类似大陆风尘中REY的配分模式,显示了风尘输入的影响[11, 32]。风尘输入对表层水中REY配分模式的影响在西太平洋海域也有类似报道[32]
除Ce外,我们观测到轻微的Gd正异常(Gd/Gd*为1.0~1.3)。近年来,大洋海水中Gd的正异常也常被报道[49],我们认为导致这种异常的原因可能有两个:(1)城市废水中富含Gd,尤其是医院、高科技园区等核磁共振应用广泛地区[40, 51];由近岸排入的Gd进入全球大洋环流,经长期积累可能导致了大洋海水中Gd的轻微正异常。(2)Gd的电子层结构中,其4f电子层恰好填满7个电子,导致其与碳酸盐的无机络合作用更强,所以较其相邻元素更易在水体中稳定存在[51]。此外,3个站位均出现明显Y正异常(Y/Y*为2.1~4.0),我们认为这是由于在与海水无机络合(主要是碳酸盐离子)及吸附在颗粒物质表面时,Y和与其相邻的元素地球化学行为存在差异,导致各元素在海洋中的清除速度差别较大,使得Y的异常更为明显[52-53]
研究区内所有海水样品均表现出La的正异常(图5g,La/La*为1.04~3.23),该结果在研究区相邻海域内也有出现[16, 54]。前人研究认为,该异常可能是由于La的4f电子层内无电子填充,增加了其在海水中的稳定性,被称为“四分组”效应[49]。此外,有研究发现,海水中重晶石(BaSO4)的形成和溶解过程控制着溶解钡的分布[55],也会间接影响到溶解态La分布,可能是因为La和Ba相似的原子半径大小及化学性质,导致其在海水中的生物化学过程中发生互相替代,从而产生相关性[38, 56]
除各元素的异常外,在配分模式图中可看出,表层水和次表层水体中由Er到Lu的逐渐清除,且(Yb/Er)n出现最小值(约0.66;图5i图6),而中深层海水中并没有此现象产生。这是由于HREE(尤其是Tm、Yb、Lu)会吸附在细菌细胞壁上被清除出水体,导致Yb与Er之间的比值产生较大差异[43, 57]
我们进一步使用北太平洋深层水(North Pacific Deep Water, NPDW,采集于34°N, 139°E)[58]中溶解态REY的浓度进行归一化,其配分模式如图7a所示。图7b为研究区附近已报道的REY浓度数据进行NPDW归一化之后的配分模式。NPDW的归一化方法可根据研究区海水REY浓度与NPDW之间的差异,进一步甄别其水团组成[33]
S006和S020两个站位中,所有层位水样REY浓度与NPDW归一化后的比值均小于1,表现出亏损特征。且在深层水(约3 000 m)中,表现出明显的MREE异常低值及较高的(Yb/Er)n值,与NPDW的水团特征表现一致,证明这两个站位受到由北向南的NPDW的影响[10, 31]图5i, 图7a)。S021站位在表层水和中层水中与NPDW的比值小于1,水深大于2 500 m后在LCDW的影响下,比值明显大于1。LCDW与NPDW相比,盐度略高,而温度偏低。与NPDW相比,LCDW表现出显著的LREE富集,这是LCDW经过NPDW归一化之后的典型特征,在南大洋的大西洋部分的深层水中也可观察到这种明显的LREE富集,表明AABW对南太平洋和南大西洋深海中的环极深层水有强烈影响(图7b)。这是由于在AABW形成区附近的低纬度(40°S)海区,与较老的深水区LREE浓度相比,AABW中针对LREE的优先清除作用较小,保留了其相对NPDW中的LREE较为富集的特征[33, 59]
由于研究区受北太平洋深层水的影响,样品表现出一定的LREE和MREE清除的特征,配分模式与西南太平洋及更高纬度的南太平洋经过NPDW归一化后的形态类似[10, 31, 33, 40],表明了太平洋海域起源的水团显著的均一性。这些配分模式特征反映了较老的水团在太平洋中部和北部对LREE和MREE的优先清除。AAIW为来自于南大洋较年轻的水团,其盐度最低,经NPDW归一化后比值表现为最小,独特的REY配分模式可有助于区分有相似水文特征的起源于南太平洋和北太平洋的中层水[33]
将本研究在南太平洋海域内3个海水站位获得的REY浓度的平均值与前人在印度洋[51]、大西洋[9]和北太平洋[45]中发表的REY浓度数据进行比较,垂向分布如图8所示。除Ce外,表层水各大洋的浓度受风尘输入及河流来源的影响,浓度值差异较大。大西洋13站位受东部非洲安哥拉海岸风尘输入的影响,表层水中REY浓度与其他海区相比偏高,次表层有最大值,随后逐渐减小,中层水浓度达最小值[9]。中层水中各大洋的REY浓度差别较小,尤其是印度洋与南太平洋海域。该深度范围内,两个大洋内水团皆为AAIW,水团年龄一致,因此浓度也基本一致[50]
深层水REY浓度由小到大依次为大西洋、印度洋、南太平洋(本研究)、北太平洋,海洋中水团的年龄由大到小依次为太平洋、印度洋、大西洋[60],REY浓度与水团年龄呈正相关。随着水团的运移,水团年龄越老,水柱中积累的三价REY越多,浓度越大;相反,对Ce的清除作用越明显,Ce浓度越低。该结论与Nozaki等[53]通过Y/Ho示踪水团所得结果一致,因此REY是用于示踪水团的良好示踪剂。
深海富稀土沉积物因其具有巨大的潜在资源价值,近年来备受关注,但针对富稀土海区上覆海水中REY浓度的研究较少。本研究解析了南太平洋富稀土海区上覆水体中溶解态REY的空间分布特征,并分析了影响其分布的主要生物地球化学过程。南太平洋较老的水体中除Ce以外均具有较高浓度,且表现出表层清除、深层富集的垂向分布特征。该分布的变化主要与风尘输入、颗粒吸附−解吸及水团的运移有关。通过计算稀土元素的异常值以及轻、中、重稀土元素之间的浓度比值,分析了研究区内3种REY的异常值之间的变化。
PAAS归一化后的配分模式表现为明显的HREE富集,La、Y和Gd的正异常以及Ce明显的负异常。同时,由Er到Lu表现出逐渐清除的趋势,应是受到细菌细胞壁吸附的影响。NPDW归一化与PAAS归一化后的配分模式相比较为平缓,可明显区分出研究区内不同深度存在的水团,如AAIW、NPDW和LCDW等。
将本研究中的数据与大西洋、印度洋和北太平洋海水中的REY进行对比发现,表层水受风尘输入影响较大,无明显特征;中层水中,印度洋与南太平洋中层水皆受AAIW影响,相差较小;深层水中,除Ce外海水中溶解态REY浓度与水团年龄成正比,即浓度由小到大依次为大西洋、印度洋、南太平洋、北太平洋。本研究显示,溶解态REY可作为大洋海水水团可靠的示踪剂。同时,在富稀土海区针对上覆海水的研究,对未来稀土在沉积物−海水界面富集机制的研究具有重要参考价值。
致谢:感谢大洋第46航次全体船员和科考队员为采集样品所付出的艰辛努力,以及“向阳红01”号考察船为本研究提供采样平台及温度、盐度和水深等CTD数据,谨致谢忱!
  • 青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室创新团队建设项目(MGQNLM-TD201809);国家自然科学基金(91858209);国际海域资源调查与开发“十三五”项目(DY135-R2-1)。
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2023年第45卷第1期
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doi: 10.12284/hyxb2023030
  • 接收时间:2022-06-06
  • 首发时间:2025-12-26
  • 出版时间:2023-01-01
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  • 收稿日期:2022-06-06
  • 修回日期:2022-09-21
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青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室创新团队建设项目(MGQNLM-TD201809);国家自然科学基金(91858209);国际海域资源调查与开发“十三五”项目(DY135-R2-1)。
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    1 自然资源部第一海洋研究所 海洋地质与成矿作用重点实验室,山东 青岛 266061
    2 青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室 海洋地质过程与环境功能实验室,山东青岛 266037

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*李力,研究员,研究方向为海洋地球化学。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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