Article(id=1200732563141677770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1200732559459087132, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12284/hyxb2024117, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1723132800000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-09, revisedDate=1728316800000, revisedDateStr=2024-10-08, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764206551584, onlineDateStr=2025-11-27, pubDate=1735574400000, pubDateStr=2024-12-31, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764206551584, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764206551584, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764206551584, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1200732559459087132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2024', volume='46', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='134', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=0, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764206550707, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764206656941, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200733005095489798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1200732559459087132, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200733005095489799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1200732559459087132, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=87, endPage=99, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200732563598856917, articleId=1200732563141677770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=The propagation and evolution characteristics of tsunami-like waves over complex reefs topography and their impact on sea walls, columnId=1194652705852465724, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In real ocean environments, natural reefs typically exhibit complex topography, with reef platforms presenting non-uniform characteristics. Previous extensive research has mainly focused on simplified stepped reef models and has not conducted in-depth studies on the impact of non-uniform reef platforms on the propagation and evolution characteristics of waves. To address the shortcomings of previous research, this paper conducted physical model experiments to systematically study the propagation and evolution characteristics of tsunami-like waves over complex reef platforms. Previous studies did not consider the impact of the non-uniformity of reef platform topography on solitary waves, therefore, this paper also analyzed the effects of incident wave height and reef platform water depth. To investigate the impact of non-uniform reef platform geometric characteristics on the propagation and evolution of tsunami-like waves and the load characteristics of sea walls under different incident wave conditions, this paper further carried out a series of high-resolution numerical calculations. First, physical experiments were used to verify the accuracy of the numerical simulation method, and then numerical calculations were used to study the effects of two wave parameters, incident wave height and reef platform submergence depth, and three complex reef topography factors—the height of the second reef platform, the position of the reef platform steps, and the slope of the reef front slope—on the maximum wave height along the path, reflection coefficient, maximum run-up height, distribution of the maximum impact pressure on the sea wall, and the variation of the maximum total force and total moment on the sea wall. The research results indicate that the reflection coefficient of solitary waves decreases with increasing incident wave height and increases with increasing reef platform water depth. The maximum run-up height increases with increasing incident wave height and decreases with increasing cot α of the reef front slope. The maximum total force and maximum total moment on the sea wall increase with increasing incident wave height and reef platform water depth, and decrease with increasing height of the second reef platform. The position of the maximum impact pressure on the sea wall rises with increasing incident wave height, increasing reef platform water depth, and decreasing distance between the reef platform steps and the sea wall. The research results can provide a reference for further protecting coastal facilities from the impact of extreme marine environments.

, correspAuthors=Ke Qu, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Haiyang Xuebao, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Zijun Wang, Ke Qu, Xu Wang, Chao Wang, Aoyu Wang), CN=ArticleExt(id=1200732569118561171, articleId=1200732563141677770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=复杂岛礁地形下类海啸波在复合式岸礁上的传播演变特性及其对海墙的冲击作用, columnId=1149698756456657529, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

真实海洋环境中的岛礁通常具有复合式地貌,礁坪往往呈现出非平整的特征。以往大量的研究工作主要关注简化的台阶式岛礁模型,并未对复合式岸礁非平整礁坪对波浪传播演变特性的影响开展深入的研究工作。为了弥补前人研究的不足,本文开展了物理模型试验,系统研究了类海啸波在复合式岸礁上的传播演变特性,以往的研究并没有考虑礁坪地形的非平整性对孤立波带来的影响,因此本文分析了入射波高、礁坪水深的影响。为了研究不同入射波条件下非平整礁坪几何特征对类海啸波传播演变以及海墙载荷特性的影响,本文进一步开展了一系列的高分辨率数值计算。先通过物理试验来验证数值模拟方法的准确性,再用数值计算研究了孤立波的入射波高和礁坪淹没水深2种波浪要素以及第二礁坪高度、礁坪台阶位置和礁前斜坡坡度3种复杂岛礁地形因素影响下孤立波的沿程最大波高、反射系数、最大爬高、海墙的最大冲击压强分布、海墙的最大总力与总力矩的变化规律。研究结果表明:孤立波的反射系数随入射波高的增大而减小,随礁坪水深的增大而增大,最大爬高随入射波高的增大而增大,随礁前斜坡的cot α增大而减小。海墙的最大总力与最大总力矩随入射波高和礁坪水深的增大而增大,随第二礁坪的高度增大而降低。海墙上最大冲击压强出现的位置会随入射波高的增大、礁坪水深的增大、礁坪台阶距离海墙距离的减小而上升。研究结果可为进一步保护沿海设施免受极端海洋环境的影响提供一定的参考。

, correspAuthors=屈科, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*屈科,副教授,主要从事计算流体力学、全尺度海洋水动力研究。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《海洋学报》编辑部 2024, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=aikvw2qm9RkFFu3X4IOyvQ==, magXml=U837EuPj2MDRQouHboMTOA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=ebCPmrDqMf9MYq6UlL7cEg==, pdfFileSize=6733843, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=1WhDodUqs1O6/ojL7J+kcQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=ZcGndhDhC7jCjHX9268MZA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

王梓峻(1998—),男,云南省保山市人,主要从事波浪水动力方面的研究。E-mail:

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王梓峻(1998—),男,云南省保山市人,主要从事波浪水动力方面的研究。E-mail:

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ArticleFig(id=1200812298601361480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200732563141677770, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Velocity cloud charts of water body at different moments, figureFileSmall=dB56WVNEFGOfOOkMDS3wlQ==, figureFileBig=NzLoQkL83FsuJ5AL72MnOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200812298693636172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200732563141677770, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同时刻水体的速度云图, figureFileSmall=dB56WVNEFGOfOOkMDS3wlQ==, figureFileBig=NzLoQkL83FsuJ5AL72MnOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200812298806882386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200732563141677770, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Distribution of maximum wave height along the path of solitary waves under different incident wave heights, figureFileSmall=eYeji1DTZDFgHdEuHEAfDg==, figureFileBig=oGyNSn3Wf+GFt6IC8lU/pA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200812298903351384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200732563141677770, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同入射波高下孤立波的沿程最大波高分布, figureFileSmall=eYeji1DTZDFgHdEuHEAfDg==, figureFileBig=oGyNSn3Wf+GFt6IC8lU/pA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200812299012403293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200732563141677770, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Distribution of maximum pressure along the seawall under different incident wave heights (left: including static water pressure, right: dynamic water pressure), figureFileSmall=Al/AeAwizG1eKX4vVlS9vw==, figureFileBig=2Z5DxMYc3rudIUSa9pl97Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200812299108872288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200732563141677770, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同入射波高下海墙所受最大压强的沿墙分布(左侧:含静水压强,右侧:动水压强), figureFileSmall=Al/AeAwizG1eKX4vVlS9vw==, figureFileBig=2Z5DxMYc3rudIUSa9pl97Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200812299222118504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200732563141677770, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=The maximum total force and torque received by the sea wall under different incident wave heights, figureFileSmall=bYLnJGVSMtghOOcV/yxPYA==, figureFileBig=KphaaTXVr02ErKI5gToIBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200812299293421676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200732563141677770, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同入射波高下海墙所受最大总力与最大总力矩, figureFileSmall=bYLnJGVSMtghOOcV/yxPYA==, figureFileBig=KphaaTXVr02ErKI5gToIBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200812299402473585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200732563141677770, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Distribution of maximum wave height along the path of solitary waves under different reef flat water depths, figureFileSmall=nnbUlW6easd8YBxA+HYfbw==, figureFileBig=B6RGYinufCuvw1hx0CaPwQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200812299482165368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200732563141677770, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同礁坪水深下孤立波的沿程最大波高分布, figureFileSmall=nnbUlW6easd8YBxA+HYfbw==, figureFileBig=B6RGYinufCuvw1hx0CaPwQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200812299683491963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200732563141677770, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=Distribution of maximum pressure along the seawall under different reef flat water depths(left: including static water pressure, right: dynamic water pressure), figureFileSmall=Cc6LnMPxoCUWnHk6Ia+RXg==, figureFileBig=doeaAPVRw/scu2UKCqWFww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200812299826098303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200732563141677770, language=CN, label=图10, caption=不同礁坪水深下海墙所受最大压强的沿墙分布(左侧:含静水压强,右侧:动水压强), figureFileSmall=Cc6LnMPxoCUWnHk6Ia+RXg==, figureFileBig=doeaAPVRw/scu2UKCqWFww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200812299930955907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200732563141677770, language=EN, label=Fig. 11, caption=Maximum total force and maximum total moment on the seawall under different reef flat water depths, figureFileSmall=KQ5rvvR9ZnqAnVZRS+D/4Q==, figureFileBig=vKnmeHGKnoM7OyMFMtQZ2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200812300040007813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200732563141677770, language=CN, label=图11, caption=不同礁坪水深下海墙所受最大总力与最大总力矩, figureFileSmall=KQ5rvvR9ZnqAnVZRS+D/4Q==, figureFileBig=vKnmeHGKnoM7OyMFMtQZ2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200812300161642633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200732563141677770, language=EN, label=Fig. 12, caption=Distribution of maximum wave height along the path of solitary waves under different second reef flat heights, figureFileSmall=Z/twWPpFKsdjNpPOw3opQQ==, figureFileBig=oCqGARQVpgyG3RnJuvI3ZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200812300266500237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200732563141677770, language=CN, label=图12, caption=不同第二礁坪高度下孤立波的沿程最大波高分布, figureFileSmall=Z/twWPpFKsdjNpPOw3opQQ==, figureFileBig=oCqGARQVpgyG3RnJuvI3ZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200812300379746448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200732563141677770, language=EN, label=Fig. 13, caption=Reflection coefficients, maximum run-up, maximum total force, and maximum total moment on the seawall for solitary waves under different second reef flat height conditions, figureFileSmall=Cnaow/UCIJ6hIao3bd5gvw==, figureFileBig=GlOOcy/FULk5Z6S1KXPL+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200812300463632532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200732563141677770, language=CN, label=图13, caption=不同第二礁坪高度条件下孤立波的反射系数、最大爬高、海墙所受最大总力与最大总力矩, figureFileSmall=Cnaow/UCIJ6hIao3bd5gvw==, figureFileBig=GlOOcy/FULk5Z6S1KXPL+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200812300568490139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200732563141677770, language=EN, label=Fig. 14, caption=Distribution of maximum pressure along the seawall under different second reef flat heights(left: including static water pressure, right: dynamic water pressure), figureFileSmall=tL+g0i17NH+/SnkZFtZjzQ==, figureFileBig=nct1Ebw0+CqmqJfJ2Nt/2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200812300669153435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200732563141677770, language=CN, label=图14, caption=不同第二礁坪高度下海墙所受最大压强的沿墙分布(左侧:含静水压强,右侧:动水压强), figureFileSmall=tL+g0i17NH+/SnkZFtZjzQ==, figureFileBig=nct1Ebw0+CqmqJfJ2Nt/2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200812300765622428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200732563141677770, language=EN, label=Fig. 15, caption=Distribution of maximum wave height along the path of solitary waves under different reef flat step positions, figureFileSmall=twO2/6uF/pYYxB12b/7JrQ==, figureFileBig=ikKQ6Rcg2IV+7qvYMsgHyQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200812300866285728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200732563141677770, language=CN, label=图15, caption=不同礁坪台阶位置下孤立波的沿程最大波高分布, figureFileSmall=twO2/6uF/pYYxB12b/7JrQ==, figureFileBig=ikKQ6Rcg2IV+7qvYMsgHyQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200812300950171811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200732563141677770, language=EN, label=Fig. 16, caption=Reflection coefficients, maximum run-up, maximum total force, and maximum maximum total moment on the seawall for solitary waves under different reef flat step position conditions, figureFileSmall=tORU7QTy8JTpu4XlKDQC8A==, figureFileBig=OCZLZtjj/PfVMfwveEuv3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200812301042446503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200732563141677770, language=CN, label=图16, caption=不同礁坪台阶位置条件下孤立波的反射系数、最大爬高、海墙所受最大总力与最大总力矩, figureFileSmall=tORU7QTy8JTpu4XlKDQC8A==, figureFileBig=OCZLZtjj/PfVMfwveEuv3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200812301164081322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200732563141677770, language=EN, label=Fig. 17, caption=Distribution of maximum pressure along the seawall under different reef flat step positions (left: including static water pressure, right: dynamic water pressure), figureFileSmall=Q3P3CgeTUSfU7FssNIW3iA==, figureFileBig=KTnHjaqy4rULPAllAKJbAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200812301268938925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200732563141677770, language=CN, label=图17, caption=不同礁坪台阶位置下海墙所受最大压强的沿墙分布(左侧:含静水压强,右侧:动水压强), figureFileSmall=Q3P3CgeTUSfU7FssNIW3iA==, figureFileBig=KTnHjaqy4rULPAllAKJbAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200812301382185137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200732563141677770, language=EN, label=Fig. 18, caption=Distribution of maximum wave height along the path of solitary waves under different front reef slope gradients, figureFileSmall=R49eSHnmBCDTrsKMtXBIFA==, figureFileBig=b2zlQ5i2e4fM7oTSkveyog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200812301466071221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200732563141677770, language=CN, label=图18, caption=不同礁前斜坡坡度下孤立波的沿程最大波高分布, figureFileSmall=R49eSHnmBCDTrsKMtXBIFA==, figureFileBig=b2zlQ5i2e4fM7oTSkveyog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200812301541568696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200732563141677770, language=EN, label=Fig. 19, caption=Reflection coefficients, maximum run-up, maximum total force, and maximum total moment on the seawall for solitary waves under different front reef slope gradient conditions, figureFileSmall=C5/rcD68Yuuh8IrripVfgg==, figureFileBig=RJd6EYV+ahA4ndpalEvoqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200812301608677563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200732563141677770, language=CN, label=图19, caption=不同礁前斜坡坡度条件下孤立波的反射系数、最大爬高、海墙所受最大总力与最大总力矩, figureFileSmall=C5/rcD68Yuuh8IrripVfgg==, figureFileBig=RJd6EYV+ahA4ndpalEvoqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200812301684175038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200732563141677770, language=EN, label=Fig. 20, caption=Distribution of maximum pressure along the seawall under different front reef slope gradients (left: including static water pressure, right: dynamic water pressure), figureFileSmall=MXBPmrXJp2734XJVEOJl0g==, figureFileBig=x3QP8tQ2z5uMLgtjotB6pg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200812301797421250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200732563141677770, language=CN, label=图20, caption=不同礁前斜坡坡度下海墙所受最大压强的沿墙分布(左侧:含静水压强,右侧:动水压强), figureFileSmall=MXBPmrXJp2734XJVEOJl0g==, figureFileBig=x3QP8tQ2z5uMLgtjotB6pg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200812301868724418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200732563141677770, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Position of the wave height gauge

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
浪高仪编号WG1WG2WG3WG4WG5WG6WG7
位置/m12.813.12113.67919.37223.8524.64225.535
浪高仪编号WG8WG9WG10WG11WG12WG13WG14
位置/m26.46826.96327.43427.61227.88328.74730.224
), ArticleFig(id=1200812301960999108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200732563141677770, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

浪高仪位置

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
浪高仪编号WG1WG2WG3WG4WG5WG6WG7
位置/m12.813.12113.67919.37223.8524.64225.535
浪高仪编号WG8WG9WG10WG11WG12WG13WG14
位置/m26.46826.96327.43427.61227.88328.74730.224
), ArticleFig(id=1200812302095216838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200732563141677770, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Solitary wave test conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
H0 / mhr / mHp / mLp / mcot α
0.02,0.04,0.06,0.08,0.10,0.025,0.05,0.0750.1250.9748.271
), ArticleFig(id=1200812302191685835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200732563141677770, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

孤立波试验工况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
H0 / mhr / mHp / mLp / mcot α
0.02,0.04,0.06,0.08,0.10,0.025,0.05,0.0750.1250.9748.271
), ArticleFig(id=1200812302288154828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200732563141677770, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Numerical simulation verification conditions for solitary waves

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
H0 / mh / mHp / mLp / mcot α
0.060.6550.1250.9748.271
), ArticleFig(id=1200812302439149773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200732563141677770, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

孤立波的数值模拟验证工况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
H0 / mh / mHp / mLp / mcot α
0.060.6550.1250.9748.271
), ArticleFig(id=1200812302556590286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200732563141677770, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Numerical simulation working conditions for solitary waves under different incident wave heights

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
H0 / mh / mHp / mLp / mcot α
0.02,0.04,0.06,0.08,0.10.6550.1250.9748.271
), ArticleFig(id=1200812302636282064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200732563141677770, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同入射波高下孤立波的数值模拟工况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
H0 / mh / mHp / mLp / mcot α
0.02,0.04,0.06,0.08,0.10.6550.1250.9748.271
), ArticleFig(id=1200812302766305490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200732563141677770, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Numerical simulation working conditions for solitary waves on reef flats at different water depths

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
$h_r^{*} $H0 / mHp / mLp / mcot α
0,0.03970.0763,0.1100.060.1250.9748.271
), ArticleFig(id=1200812302871163092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200732563141677770, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同礁坪水深下孤立波的数值模拟工况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
$h_r^{*} $H0 / mHp / mLp / mcot α
0,0.03970.0763,0.1100.060.1250.9748.271
), ArticleFig(id=1200812302976020696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200732563141677770, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Numerical simulation working conditions for solitary waves at different heights of the second reef

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Hp / mH0 / mh / mLp / mcot α
0.075,0.1,0.125,0.15,0.1750.060.65518
), ArticleFig(id=1200812303181541597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200732563141677770, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同第二礁坪高度下孤立波的数值模拟工况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Hp / mH0 / mh / mLp / mcot α
0.075,0.1,0.125,0.15,0.1750.060.65518
), ArticleFig(id=1200812303273816289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200732563141677770, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Numerical simulation working conditions for solitary waves at different reef platform step positions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Lp / mH0 / mh / mHp / mcot α
0,0.5,1,1.5,20.060.6550.1258
), ArticleFig(id=1200812303349313763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200732563141677770, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

不同礁坪台阶位置下孤立波的数值模拟工况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Lp / mH0 / mh / mHp / mcot α
0,0.5,1,1.5,20.060.6550.1258
), ArticleFig(id=1200812303441588454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200732563141677770, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Numerical simulation working conditions for solitary waves under different reef-front slope angles

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
cot αH0 / mh / mHp / mLp / m
4,6,8,10,120.060.6550.1251
), ArticleFig(id=1200812303538057447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200732563141677770, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

不同礁前斜坡角度下孤立波的数值模拟工况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
cot αH0 / mh / mHp / mLp / m
4,6,8,10,120.060.6550.1251
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复杂岛礁地形下类海啸波在复合式岸礁上的传播演变特性及其对海墙的冲击作用
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王梓峻 1 , 屈科 1, 2, 3, * , 王旭 1 , 王超 1 , 王傲宇 1
海洋学报 | 论文 2024,46(12): 87-99
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海洋学报 | 论文 2024, 46(12): 87-99
复杂岛礁地形下类海啸波在复合式岸礁上的传播演变特性及其对海墙的冲击作用
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王梓峻1 , 屈科1, 2, 3, * , 王旭1, 王超1, 王傲宇1
作者信息
  • 1.长沙理工大学 水利与环境工程学院,湖南 长沙 410114
  • 2.洞庭湖水环境治理与生态修复湖南省重点实验室,湖南 长沙 410114
  • 3.水沙科学与水灾害防治湖南省重点实验室,湖南 长沙 410114
  • 王梓峻(1998—),男,云南省保山市人,主要从事波浪水动力方面的研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*屈科,副教授,主要从事计算流体力学、全尺度海洋水动力研究。E-mail:
The propagation and evolution characteristics of tsunami-like waves over complex reefs topography and their impact on sea walls
Zijun Wang1 , Ke Qu1, 2, 3, * , Xu Wang1, Chao Wang1, Aoyu Wang1
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China
  • 2. Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha 410114, China
  • 3. Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province, Changsha 410114, China
出版时间: 2024-12-31 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2024117
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真实海洋环境中的岛礁通常具有复合式地貌,礁坪往往呈现出非平整的特征。以往大量的研究工作主要关注简化的台阶式岛礁模型,并未对复合式岸礁非平整礁坪对波浪传播演变特性的影响开展深入的研究工作。为了弥补前人研究的不足,本文开展了物理模型试验,系统研究了类海啸波在复合式岸礁上的传播演变特性,以往的研究并没有考虑礁坪地形的非平整性对孤立波带来的影响,因此本文分析了入射波高、礁坪水深的影响。为了研究不同入射波条件下非平整礁坪几何特征对类海啸波传播演变以及海墙载荷特性的影响,本文进一步开展了一系列的高分辨率数值计算。先通过物理试验来验证数值模拟方法的准确性,再用数值计算研究了孤立波的入射波高和礁坪淹没水深2种波浪要素以及第二礁坪高度、礁坪台阶位置和礁前斜坡坡度3种复杂岛礁地形因素影响下孤立波的沿程最大波高、反射系数、最大爬高、海墙的最大冲击压强分布、海墙的最大总力与总力矩的变化规律。研究结果表明:孤立波的反射系数随入射波高的增大而减小,随礁坪水深的增大而增大,最大爬高随入射波高的增大而增大,随礁前斜坡的cot α增大而减小。海墙的最大总力与最大总力矩随入射波高和礁坪水深的增大而增大,随第二礁坪的高度增大而降低。海墙上最大冲击压强出现的位置会随入射波高的增大、礁坪水深的增大、礁坪台阶距离海墙距离的减小而上升。研究结果可为进一步保护沿海设施免受极端海洋环境的影响提供一定的参考。

类海啸波  /  非平整岛礁  /  海墙  /  最大爬高  /  冲击压强

In real ocean environments, natural reefs typically exhibit complex topography, with reef platforms presenting non-uniform characteristics. Previous extensive research has mainly focused on simplified stepped reef models and has not conducted in-depth studies on the impact of non-uniform reef platforms on the propagation and evolution characteristics of waves. To address the shortcomings of previous research, this paper conducted physical model experiments to systematically study the propagation and evolution characteristics of tsunami-like waves over complex reef platforms. Previous studies did not consider the impact of the non-uniformity of reef platform topography on solitary waves, therefore, this paper also analyzed the effects of incident wave height and reef platform water depth. To investigate the impact of non-uniform reef platform geometric characteristics on the propagation and evolution of tsunami-like waves and the load characteristics of sea walls under different incident wave conditions, this paper further carried out a series of high-resolution numerical calculations. First, physical experiments were used to verify the accuracy of the numerical simulation method, and then numerical calculations were used to study the effects of two wave parameters, incident wave height and reef platform submergence depth, and three complex reef topography factors—the height of the second reef platform, the position of the reef platform steps, and the slope of the reef front slope—on the maximum wave height along the path, reflection coefficient, maximum run-up height, distribution of the maximum impact pressure on the sea wall, and the variation of the maximum total force and total moment on the sea wall. The research results indicate that the reflection coefficient of solitary waves decreases with increasing incident wave height and increases with increasing reef platform water depth. The maximum run-up height increases with increasing incident wave height and decreases with increasing cot α of the reef front slope. The maximum total force and maximum total moment on the sea wall increase with increasing incident wave height and reef platform water depth, and decrease with increasing height of the second reef platform. The position of the maximum impact pressure on the sea wall rises with increasing incident wave height, increasing reef platform water depth, and decreasing distance between the reef platform steps and the sea wall. The research results can provide a reference for further protecting coastal facilities from the impact of extreme marine environments.

tsunami-like waves  /  non-uniform reef  /  sea wall  /  maximum run-up height  /  impact pressure
王梓峻, 屈科, 王旭, 王超, 王傲宇. 复杂岛礁地形下类海啸波在复合式岸礁上的传播演变特性及其对海墙的冲击作用. 海洋学报, 2024 , 46 (12) : 87 -99 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2024117
Zijun Wang, Ke Qu, Xu Wang, Chao Wang, Aoyu Wang. The propagation and evolution characteristics of tsunami-like waves over complex reefs topography and their impact on sea walls[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2024 , 46 (12) : 87 -99 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2024117
海底的地震、塌陷滑坡以及火山爆发等剧烈的大地活动产生巨大的水位突变,会形成具有超长波长和周期的大洋行波,这就是海啸,其内部蕴含着大量的能量,它在传播数千千米后仍然具有极大的破坏力[14]。当海啸波从远海传播到近岸时,随着水深的变浅,海啸波波速增大,波高急剧增大,形成巨浪,会对近岸结构物产生巨大的破坏作用,人们的生命财产安全就会受到威胁。近年来,海啸事件在全球频发,发生于2004年的印尼海啸和2011年的日本海啸对沿海地区造成了巨大的人员伤亡和经济损失,同时也对海岸工程以及近岸生态环境造成了严重的破坏[58]。由于海啸波与孤立波具有相似的波形和水动力特性,所以孤立波通常被许多学者用来模拟海啸波。孤立波在近岸的传播受到地形的影响,就会展现出不同的水动力特性,因为岛礁有着特殊的地貌和类似于近岸大陆的地形特征,所以研究孤立波在岛礁地形上的传播对于预防海啸灾害以及减少对近岸建筑物的破坏作用有着重要的意义。另一方面,岛礁一般处于深海,更易受到海啸波等有较长波长的波浪作用,岛礁本身也具有重要的经济价值,拥有丰富的矿产资源、生物资源和海洋能资源等,所以研究孤立波在岛礁地形上的传播对于开发利用岛礁也具有现实意义。
波浪在岛礁独特的地形上传播时,发生的变形以及相关水动力现象极其复杂。国内外学者做出了许多研究,研究内容较为广泛。研究岛礁上波浪的传播演变过程通常有3种方法:现场观测、物理实验以及数值模拟。Ferrario等[4]分析了众多岛礁的监测数据,包括太平洋、印度洋等区域的珊瑚礁的监测数据,发现珊瑚礁对波能的削弱平均达到了97%,其中礁冠影响最大,消耗了86%的能量。黎满球等[9]对珊瑚礁坪上的实测波浪数据进行了分析,得到了波高的衰减公式及谱能量的变化。随着计算机技术和数值模拟方法的发展,不同类型的数值方法被广泛应用于研究孤立波在岛礁上的传播,姚宇等[10]基于OpenFOAM开源程序,采用大涡模拟法(LES)模拟湍流和修正的流体体积法(VOF)捕捉自由液面,更为准确地模拟了水平流速的垂向分布以及孤立波在珊瑚礁礁前斜坡上的浅化、礁缘附近的破碎以及破碎波在礁坪上的演化过程。孙志林等[11]基于完全非线性Boussinesq方程开发的Funwave-TVD模型研究了岸礁各地形因素对孤立波爬高的影响。Roeber和Cheung[12]通过数值求解Boussinesq方程,研究了三维岛礁地形上孤立波传播变形的规律。卢坤等[13]基于非静压单相流模型NHWAVE建立了高精度二维数值波浪水槽,采用日本2011年实测真实海啸波型系统研究了海啸波在岛礁上传播变形的规律。肖理等[14]通过OpenFOAM结合$ k - \varepsilon $湍流模型进行RANS数值模拟,研究了岛礁剖面上孤立波传播的水动力特性及其对直墙的作用,并探讨了礁冠的存在对直墙所受冲击的影响。
国内外的学者对于孤立波在典型岛礁地形上传播的研究较为广泛,但真实的岛礁地形是复合式岸礁,礁坪往往是非平整的,以往的研究并没有考虑礁坪地形的非平整性,本文先通过物理试验验证数值结果的可靠性,再通过数值计算研究了孤立波的入射波高H0和礁坪水深hr两种波浪要素以及岛礁地形的非平整性对孤立波在岛礁上的传播变形和海墙所受荷载的影响,岛礁地形的非平整性包括第二礁坪的高度Hp、礁坪台阶的位置Lp、礁前斜坡的角度α
本物理试验在沙理工大学水利实验中心的波浪水槽中进行,水槽长45 m,宽0.8 m,高1 m。非平整岛礁及海墙的布置如图1所示。本试验基于实测数据,采用弗汝德相似准则以1∶40的几何比尺构建岛礁模型,参数已在图1中标出,试验地形材料选取表面光滑的聚氯乙烯(PVC)板,并且使用玻璃胶在水槽与PVC板接缝处进行密封处理,在一定程度上保证试验准确性。试验中共采用14浪高仪(WG1−WG14)和一根测量爬高的爬高仪(RG)以及一个流速仪(ADV),爬高仪位置在x = 31.679 m处,用于测量孤立波在海墙上的爬高。浪高仪具体位置见表1,流速仪位置为x = 25.175 m。
试验研究孤立波的入射波高H0和礁坪水深hr两种波浪要素对孤立波在岛礁上传播的反射系数和最大爬高的影响,故试验设置了4种礁坪水深(即hr = 0 m,0.025 m,0.05 m,0.075 m),5种波高(H0 = 0.02 m,0.04 m,0.06 m,0.08 m,0.10 m)交叉组合的20组孤立波工况如表2。根据试验的几何比尺,基于现场观测的波浪要素范围,试验工况的波浪要素对应原型波浪要素为hr = 0 m,1 m,2 m,3 m和H0 = 0.8 m,1.6 m,2.4 m,3.2 m,4.0 m。
为了使结果具有普适性,后文中礁坪水深、压力、总力、总力矩均采用无量纲处理,即$h^{*}_{r} $ = hr /hP* = p/(ρgh),F* = 2 F/(ρgh2),M* = 2 M/(ρgh3),这里ρ为水的密度,h为水深,g为重力加速度。图2a表示试验数据下不同礁坪水深下反射系数Cr随入射波高的变化,可以看出孤立波的反射效果随入射波高的增大而减小,并且同一入射波高条件下不同礁坪水深孤立波的反射系数随礁坪水深的增大而增大,不同礁坪水深条件下反射系数的差值随入射波高的增大而减小,在礁坪水深较小的情况下,反射系数随入射波高的变化幅度也较小。上述现象可以解释为:礁坪水深越小,孤立波在礁坪上与礁坪底部的摩擦效果越强,使得在礁坪上损耗的能量也越多,从而反射系数降低。图2b表示试验测得的孤立波在海墙上的最大爬高Rupmax随入射波高的变化。当礁坪水深为0 m时,孤立波的最大爬高几乎呈线性增长。最大爬高几乎随着入射波高的增大而增大,试验中测得的最大爬高为0.3394 m,这表明在实际的岛礁中,在较大的礁坪水深情况下,较大波高的孤立波的最大爬高是近海入射波高的3.4倍左右,这就意味着在沿海的防灾和管理中要特别注意有较大潮位和海啸同时发生,以免带来更大的灾害。
为了研究不同入射波条件下非平整礁坪几何特征对类海啸波传播演变以及海墙载荷特性的影响,本文进一步开展了一系列的高分辨率数值计算。先通过物理试验来验证数值模拟方法的准确性,再用数值计算研究了孤立波的入射波高和礁坪淹没水深2种波浪要素以及第二礁坪高度Hp、礁坪台阶位置Lp和礁前斜坡角度α这3种复杂岛礁地形因素影响下孤立波的沿程最大波高、反射系数、最大爬高、海墙的最大冲击压强分布、海墙的最大总力与总力矩的变化规律。
本文基于waves2Foam数值模型构建波浪数值水槽,求解雷诺平均的Navier-Stokes方程(Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes),其方程如下:
$ \frac{\partial {u}_{i}}{\partial {x}_{i}}=0, $
$ \frac{\partial {u}_{i}}{\partial t}+{u}_{i}\frac{\partial {u}_{i}}{\partial {x}_{j}}=-\frac{1}{\rho }\frac{\partial p}{\partial {x}_{i}}+v\frac{{\partial }^{2}{u}_{i}}{\partial {x}_{i}\partial {x}_{j}}+{f}_{i},$
式中,t为时间,$ {x}_{i} $为笛卡尔坐标系3个方向的值,$ {u}_{i} $为笛卡尔坐标系下的i方向流速,ρ为水的密度,$ v $为流体的运动黏性系数,p为总压强,$ {f}_{i} $为质量力。
本文采用有限体积法(FVM)对方程进行离散,时间离散采用Euler格式,压力梯度离散采用Gauss线性离散格式,拉普拉斯项离散采用修正的Gauss线性离散格式,散度项采用高斯类方法进行离散。方程(1)和(2)采用PIMPLE算法对压力速度进行耦合求解。
本文采用两方程SST $ k{\text{-}}\omega $模型来计算湍流黏性系数并通过求解式( 3 )和式( 4 )来求解湍动能$ k $和湍流耗散率$ \omega $
$ \frac{\mathrm{D}\left(\rho k\right)}{\mathrm{D}t}=\tau_{ij}\frac{\partial u_i}{\partial x_j}-\beta^*\rho\omega k+\frac{\partial}{\partial x_j}\left[\left(\mu+\sigma_k\mu_t\right)\frac{\partial k}{\partial x_j}\right], $
$ \begin{split}\frac{\mathrm{D}\left(\rho\omega\right)}{\mathrm{D}t}= & \frac{\gamma}{\nu_t}\tau_{ij}\frac{\partial u_i}{\partial x_j}-\beta\rho\omega^2k+\frac{\partial}{\partial x_j}\left[\left(\mu+\sigma_{\omega}\mu_t\right)\frac{\partial\omega}{\partial x_j}\right]+ \\ & 2\left(1-F_1\right)\mathrm{\rho}\mathrm{\sigma}_{\mathrm{\omega}2}\frac{1}{\mathrm{\omega}}\frac{\partial k}{\partial x_j}\frac{\partial\omega}{\partial x_j},\end{split} $
式中,$ k $为湍动能,$ \omega $为湍流耗散率,$ {\tau }_{ij} $为湍流剪应力,$ {\nu }_{t} $为湍流黏性系数,$ {\mu }_{t} $为涡黏系数,$ {\sigma }_{k} $$ {\sigma }_{\omega } $$ {\sigma }_{\omega 2} $$ \beta $$ {\beta }^{*} $$ \gamma $为湍流模型常数,具体值参考Menter[15]的建议。
本文采用高分辨率流体体积法(VOF)来捕捉水和空气的自由液面,其控制方程为
$ \frac{\partial \alpha }{\partial t}+\nabla \cdot \left(\alpha {u}_{i}\right)+\nabla \cdot \left[\alpha \left(1-\alpha \right){u}'_{i}\right]=0, $
式中,$ \nabla\cdot \left[\alpha \left(1-\alpha \right){u}'_{i}\right] $为人工压缩项,保证了方程的解在界面附近满足有界性,并对外部流场无影响,$ {u}'_{i} $i方向的相对速度(由i方向两相流体的速度相减计算得到),$ \alpha $为计算单元中水体的体积分数,不同的水体体积分数有不同的含义,当$ \alpha =1 $时,为水,当$ \alpha =0 $时,为空气,当$ 0 < \alpha < 1 $时,为两种流体交界面。在计算域中,控制单元内的混合密度和层流黏度可用以下公式进行计算:
$ \rho ={\rho }_{{\mathrm{air}}}+\gamma \cdot ({\rho }_{{\mathrm{water}}}-{\rho }_{{\mathrm{air}}}), $
$ {\mu }_{l}={\mu }_{{\mathrm{air}}}+\gamma \cdot ({\mu }_{{\mathrm{water}}}-{\mu }_{{\mathrm{air}}}). $
本小节基于试验数据,对表3工况数值计算进行了验证。计算所采用的工况与试验保持一致,由于底部摩擦并非本文分析的重点,故统一将后续数值计算水槽底部设置为nutWallFunction的壁面边界条件,value设置为uniform 0。为了在计算时保证计算精度的前提下加快计算时间,在水平方向,平底区采用dx = 0.01 m的均匀网格,从礁前斜坡处开始采用从dx = 0.01 m到dx = 0.008 m沿着波浪传播的方向过渡加密,在垂直方向上,在波浪区域范围内采用dz = 0.008 m的网格,其他区域过渡到dz = 0.01 m。试验中所测为x = 25.175 m,z = 0.43 m处的流速,图3为试验流速和海墙上爬高的时程变化与数值计算结果的对比,整体结果较为吻合。图4表示计算的不同测点波高时程曲线与试验结果的对比,试验与计算结果较为吻合,在WG12处反射波比试验值偏高,这是由于试验中水槽侧壁的壁面效应导致的。
本小节采用表3的数值计算结果,图5选取了4个具有代表性时刻的速度云图。t = 10.90 s时刻,孤立波传播到礁坪台阶上,发生浅水变形,波头速度有所变大,波前变陡峭;t = 12.40 s时刻,孤立波在第二礁坪上发生卷破,释放大量的能量,水体速度增大,孤立波以破碎波的形似传播;t = 13.84 s时刻,破碎波撞击到海墙上,在上边产生较大的爬高;t = 14.90 s时刻,海墙前产生较大的雍水。
由于试验条件有限,故本节通过数值计算对试验研究的波浪要素影响进行了补充。
本节通过数值计算表4工况研究了不同入射波高H0条件下孤立波在非平整岛礁上的传播特性和对海墙所受荷载的影响。图6展示了不同入射波高条件下孤立波的沿程最大波高分布,沿程波高除入射波高进行无量纲化,可以看出在第二礁坪上,孤立波发生破碎,局部最大波高增大,随后又逐渐减小,结果表明:入射波高越大,最大波高反而越小,破碎位置也提前。定义海墙所受最大动水压强$P^{*}_{\mathrm{max}} $为孤立波的冲击压强,图7结果表明,静水位以上的冲击压强存在震荡的现象,且入射波高越大,震荡现象越明显,除H0 = 0.1 m外,海墙同一位置Z处的冲击压强随入射波高的增大而增大,且最大冲击压强出现的位置也随入射波高的增大而上升,当入射波高从0.02 m增大到0.1 m时,相比于入射波高为0.02 m的最大冲击压强分别增大了112.03%,186.41%,278.89%,273.39%,当入射波高为0.1 m时,破碎位置提前,孤立波在第二礁坪上耗散大量能量,使得最大冲击压强略低于入射波高为0.08 m的,最大冲击压强的出现位置分别在Z = 0.698 m,0.778 m,0.811 m,0.857 m,0.878 m处,随入射波高的增大而上升。图8表示不同入射波高下海墙所受最大总力$F_{\max}^{*} $与最大总力矩$M_{\max}^{*} $,可以看出最大总力与最大总力矩随入射波高几乎呈线性增加,入射波高从0.02 m增大到0.1 m时,最大总力增加了482.79%,最大总力矩增加了570.05%。
本节通过数值计算表5工况研究了不同礁坪水深h*r条件下孤立波在非平整岛礁上的传播特性和对海墙所受荷载的影响。图9表示不同礁坪淹没水深h*r条件下孤立波的沿程最大波高分布,在礁坪台阶之前,几种水深下的差别不大,在礁坪台阶处,礁坪淹没水深越小,局部最大波高越大,这是由于水深越浅发生浅水变形的程度越大,在第二礁坪上,礁坪水深越大,局部最大波高越大,破碎位置也越靠后。图10为不同礁坪水深下海墙所受最大压强的沿墙分布,可以看出,在静水位以上的冲击压强均出现了不同程度的震荡,从礁坪淹没水深为0到0.110,最大冲击压强分别增加了−3.26%,2.45%,−2.67%,最大冲击压强位置分别出现在Z = 0.608 m,0.778 m,0.809 m,0.817 m处,所以礁坪水深越大,最大冲击压强的位置也越往上。图11为不同礁坪水深下海墙所受最大总力与最大总力矩,可以看出最大总力与最大总力矩都随礁坪淹没水深的增大而增大,当礁坪水深从0增大到0.110时,最大总力分别增加了102.26%,179.16%,264.19%,最大总力矩分别增加了109.22%,186.17%,270.11%。
本节通过数值计算表6工况研究了不同第二礁坪高度Hp条件下孤立波在非平整岛礁上的传播特性和对海墙所受荷载的影响。图12表示不同第二礁坪高度条件下孤立波的沿程最大波高分布,在第一礁坪前,沿程最大波高的大小区别不大,在礁坪台阶上,第二礁坪高度越大,局部最大波高越大,在第二礁坪上局部最大波高越小,破碎位置也越靠前,这是因为增加第二礁坪的高度相当于变相地减小了礁坪水深,在礁坪台阶上孤立波浅水变形的程度就会变大,在第二礁坪上更快地破碎。图13a表示不同第二礁坪高度条件下孤立波的反射系数和最大爬高,当第二礁坪变高时,反射系数和爬高都降低,当第二礁坪的高度Hp从0.075 m变化到0.175 m时,反射系数降低了44.4%,最大爬高降低了52.68%,当第二礁坪高度为0.075 m时,波浪在距离海墙较近处发生破碎,局部波高增大,所以第二礁坪高度从0.075 m变化到0.1 m时最大爬高降低的最多,降低了36.12%。图14为不同第二礁坪高度下海墙所受最大压强的沿墙分布,当第二礁坪高度从0.075 m增加到0.175 m时,最大冲击压强分别减小了41.44%,39.99%,44.96%,50.51%,最大冲击压强的位置分别出现在Z = 0.737 m,0.807 m,0.837 m,0.813 m,0.661 m处,同一入射波高和礁坪水深条件下,海墙某处受到的最大冲击压强的大小取决于孤立波撞击海墙时的速度大小,而这个速度取决于孤立波在第二礁坪上的破碎位置和破碎波高。波浪在破碎前通常以一定的速度向前推进,破碎时波浪的形态发生急剧变化,其速度也会相应地发生改变,部分波能转化为垂直方向和水平方向的动能,导致破碎处的水流速度加快,但如果破碎位置距离海墙较远,破碎波的能量就会耗散过多。破碎后局部波高增大就意味着波浪所具有的势能增大,根据能量守恒,动能就会变小,从而速度就会减小,因此,最大冲击压强就会出现上述先减小后增大的现象。图13b为不同第二礁坪高度下海墙所受最大总力与总力矩,可以看出最大总力与总力矩都随第二礁坪的高度增加而降低,当第二礁坪高度从0.075 m增加到0.175 m时,最大总力降低了86.31%,最大总力矩降低86.22%,其中当Hp从0.075 m变化到0.1 m时降低的最多,那是因为当Hp = 0.075 m时,孤立波在距离海墙较近处发生破碎,局部波高增大,导致海墙所受冲击压强面积最广,因此最大总力和最大总力矩降低幅度最大。
本节通过数值计算表7工况研究了不同礁坪台阶位置Lp条件下孤立波在非平整岛礁上的传播特性和对海墙所受荷载的影响。图15为不同礁坪台阶位置下孤立波的沿程最大波高分布,从图中可以看出,随着Lp的增大,礁坪台阶处的局部最大波高往后移,在第二礁坪上的破碎位置也随之往后移,破碎处的局部最大波高增大,这是因为当Lp增大时,第二礁坪变短,波浪能耗散的就越少。图16a为孤立波的反射系数和最大爬高随不同礁坪台阶位置的变化规律,除Lp = 1.5 m外,其他反射系数和最大爬高都随Lp的增大而增大,当Lp从0 m增大到2 m时,反射系数增加了5.84%,最大爬高增加了7.24%。图17为不同礁坪台阶位置下海墙所受最大压强的沿墙分布,当礁坪台阶位置Lp从0 m增大到2 m时,海墙所受最大冲击压强分别增大了1.51%,6.97%,7.41%,7.93%,这是因为Lp越大,孤立波破碎位置就越往后,从而在冲击到海墙之前耗散的能量就越少,最大冲击压强的位置分别出现在Z = 0.805 m,0.813 m,0.837 m,0.839 m,0.841 m处,由此可见,当礁坪台阶位置距离海墙越近,最大冲击压强也会越大,作用的位置点也会上升。图16b为不同礁坪台阶位置下海墙所受最大总力与最大总力矩的分布规律,当Lp = 1.5 m时,最大总力与总力矩达到最大值,相比于Lp = 0 m时,分别增加了10.32%、11.38%,随着Lp增大到1.5 m时,反射系数出现极小值,此时孤立波的反射效果较小,波浪能消耗在海墙上,导致最大爬高、最大总力与总力矩都出现极大值。
本节通过数值计算表8工况研究了不同礁前斜坡角度α条件下孤立波在非平整岛礁上的传播特性和对海墙所受荷载的影响。图18为不同cot α条件下孤立波的沿程最大波高分布,当cot α减小时,孤立波在第二礁坪上的破碎位置会向后移,且破碎位置处的局部最大波高也减小。图19a为孤立波的反射系数和最大爬高在不同礁前斜坡坡度条件下的变化规律,随着cot α的增大,反射系数呈先增大后减小的变化,最大爬高减小,在一定范围内,cot α的增加可能促使孤立波更有效地传播,然而当cot α继续增大时,可能达到一种平衡状态,孤立波的传播和反射效应减弱,当cot α从4增大到12时,反射系数的最大值比最小值增加了4.74%,最大爬高的最大值比最小值增加了11.47%。图20为不同礁前斜坡条件下,海墙所受最大压力的沿墙分布,当cot α从4变化到12时,最大冲击压强相对于cot α = 4时的最大冲击压强都发生了减小,分别减小了12.73%,8.14%,11.08%,12.43%,最大冲击压强出现的位置分别在Z = 0.679 m,0.808 m,0.837 m,0.820 m,0.699 m处。图19b为海墙所受最大总力与最大总力矩随不同礁前斜坡cot α的变化规律,当cot α = 10时,最大总力和最大总力矩都达到最小值,最大总力与最大总力矩的最大值分别出现在cot α = 12与cot α = 6时,相比于最小值分别增加了3.99%,3.65%。
本文基于物理试验与waves2Foam数值计算,研究了非平整岛礁地形因素和孤立波的波浪要素对孤立波的传播特性以及海墙所受荷载的影响,得出如下结论:
(1)孤立波的反射系数随入射波高的增大而减小,最大爬高随入射波高的增大而增大。入射波高越大,沿程最大波高越小,破碎位置提前。除H0 = 0.1 m外,海墙同一位置Z处的冲击压强随入射波高的增大而增大,且最大冲击压强出现的位置也随入射波高的增大而上升。海墙的最大总力与最大总力矩随入射波高几乎呈线性增加。
(2)孤立波的反射系数随礁坪淹没水深的增大而增大。在礁坪台阶处,礁坪淹没水深越小,局部最大波高越大,在第二礁坪上,礁坪水深越大,局部最大波高越大,破碎位置也越靠后。礁坪水深越大,海墙的最大冲击压强的位置也越往上。海墙的最大总力与最大总力矩都随礁坪淹没水深的增大而增大。
(3)在礁坪台阶上,第二礁坪高度越大,局部最大波高越大,在第二礁坪上局部最大波高越小,破碎位置也越靠前。海墙的最大总力与总力矩都随第二礁坪的高度增加而降低。
(4)随着礁坪台阶Lp的增大,礁坪台阶处的局部最大波高往后移,在第二礁坪上的破碎位置也随之往后移,破碎处的局部最大波高增大。除Lp = 1.5 m外,其他反射系数和最大爬高都随Lp的增大而增大。当礁坪台阶位置距离海墙越近,最大冲击压强也会越大,作用的位置点也会有所上升。
(5)当礁前斜坡cot α减小时,孤立波在第二礁坪上的破碎位置会向后移,且破碎位置处的局部最大波高也减小。随着cot α的增大,反射系数呈先增大后减小的变化,最大爬高减小。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2022YFC3103601)
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2024年第46卷第12期
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doi: 10.12284/hyxb2024117
  • 接收时间:2024-08-09
  • 首发时间:2025-11-27
  • 出版时间:2024-12-31
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-09
  • 修回日期:2024-10-08
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国家重点研发计划(2022YFC3103601)
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    1.长沙理工大学 水利与环境工程学院,湖南 长沙 410114
    2.洞庭湖水环境治理与生态修复湖南省重点实验室,湖南 长沙 410114
    3.水沙科学与水灾害防治湖南省重点实验室,湖南 长沙 410114

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*屈科,副教授,主要从事计算流体力学、全尺度海洋水动力研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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种数
Number of
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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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