Article(id=1200503477735649424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1200503474099179701, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12284/hyxb2024122, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1721059200000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-16, revisedDate=1730736000000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764151933367, onlineDateStr=2025-11-26, pubDate=1730390400000, pubDateStr=2024-11-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764151933367, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764151933367, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764151933367, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1200503474099179701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2024', volume='46', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='134', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=0, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764151932500, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764152158172, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200504420711657480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1200503474099179701, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200504420711657481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1200503474099179701, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=75, endPage=90, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200503478012473491, articleId=1200503477735649424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Analysis of invertebrate diversity and co-occurrence network based on environmental DNA metabarcoding in autumn typical tidal creek units of the Huanghe River Delta, columnId=1194652705852465724, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The tidal creek system is an active geomorphic unit in coastal wetlands, and the water environment of different level tidal creeks changes significantly, leading to spatial distribution differences of biological communities. This study selected a typical tidal creek unit in the Huanghe River Delta and used environmental DNA metabarcoding (eDNA) technique to detect the diversity of invertebrates. The biological co-occurrence network analysis and redundancy analysis (RDA) were respectively used to reveal the keystone species and driving factors of the invertebrate community in the typical tidal creek. The results showed that a total of 127 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of invertebrates were detected in the tidal creek unit, belonging to 9 phyla, 24 classes, 53 orders, 103 families, 87 genera, and 90 species; among them, the class level was dominated by the Arthropoda (43.9%), and the genus level was dominated by the Perinereis (25.2%). The comprehensive diversity index (CD) analysis showed that the comprehensive diversity of invertebrates in the third-level tidal creek was the highest, and the comprehensive diversity of invertebrates in the first-level tidal creek was the lowest. The biological co-occurrence network analysis showed that the Perinereis linea and the Obelia dichotoma were the keystone species, which played a key role in maintaining the stability of the invertebrate community structure in the tidal creek. The RDA showed that the silicate content of the water body, temperature, and the proportion of fine sand and clay in the sediment were the main environmental factors affecting the invertebrate community characteristics in the tidal creek. Correlation network analysis showed that the keystone species were significantly affected by silicate content, clay, and nitrogen content in water (P < 0.05). The research results are helpful for understanding the community structure of typical tidal creek invertebrates, revealing the keystone species of typical tidal ditch invertebrates, and providing data support and theoretical reference for the monitoring and protection of invertebrate diversity.

, correspAuthors=Linlin Chen, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Haiyang Xuebao, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Qinglu Fu, Zhiyuan Dong, Baoquan Li, Li Chen, Debin Sun, Yanmei Ni, Yongzheng Tang, Linlin Chen), CN=ArticleExt(id=1200503481271447757, articleId=1200503477735649424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=基于环境DNA宏条形码技术的黄河三角洲典型潮沟单元秋季无脊椎动物多样性及共现网络分析, columnId=1149698756456657529, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

潮沟系统作为滨海湿地中活跃的地貌单元,不同级别潮沟水文环境变化显著,进而导致生物群落的空间分布出现差异。本研究选取黄河三角洲典型潮沟单元,利用环境DNA宏条形码(environmental DNA metabarcoding,eDNA)技术检测不同级别潮沟无脊椎动物多样性,采用生物共现网络分析和冗余分析(RDA)分别揭示典型潮沟无脊椎动物关键种与驱动因素。结果表明:该潮沟单元共检测到无脊椎动物127个分类操作单元(Operational Taxonomic Units,OTUs),隶属于9门24纲53目103科87属90种。无脊椎动物门水平和属水平分别以节肢动物门(43.9%)和围沙蚕属(Perinereis )(25.2%)为优势类群。群落综合多样性指标(Comprehensive diversity index,CD)分析显示,三级潮沟综合多样性最高,一级潮沟无脊椎动物综合多样性最低。生物共现网络分析显示,线围沙蚕(Perinereis linea)和双枝薮枝螅(Obelia dichotoma)为关键种,对维持该潮沟无脊椎动物群落结构稳定起关键作用。RDA显示,水体的硅酸盐含量、温度和沉积物的粉砂、黏土占比是影响该潮沟无脊椎动物群落特征的主要环境因子。相关性网络分析显示,关键种受硅酸盐含量、黏土和水体氮元素含量的显著影响(P < 0.05)。研究结果有助于了解黄河三角洲典型潮沟无脊椎动物群落结构,揭示典型潮沟无脊椎动物关键种,并为无脊椎动物多样性监测与保护提供数据支持与理论参考。

, correspAuthors=陈琳琳, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*陈琳琳,博士,硕士生导师,主要从事海岸带生物多样性与生态连通性研究。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《海洋学报》编辑部 2024, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=OhcINXPmk6Q5SvRiegS1vg==, magXml=JouTsrwqPsq3PwPZ1h/Tmw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=9u+mJLhCqjQ33lgNX8ynzg==, pdfFileSize=12751205, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=c8gt3OR0OHD2Ry2aGVkC1A==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=KYF3MCWR2EdvXkcLM4eNjA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

符清露(2000—),女,海南省海口市人,主要从事海岸带生物多样性与生态连通性研究。E-mail:

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符清露(2000—),女,海南省海口市人,主要从事海岸带生物多样性与生态连通性研究。E-mail:

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符清露(2000—),女,海南省海口市人,主要从事海岸带生物多样性与生态连通性研究。E-mail:

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Typical invertebrate species list of intertidal scours based on environmental DNA metabarcoding

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
环节动物门Annelida围沙蚕属Perinereis线围沙蚕Perinereis linea
水丝蚓属Limnodrilus水丝蚓属一种Limnodrilus sp.
丝异须虫属HeteromastusHeteromastus gusipoensis
BranchinotoglumaBranchinotogluma hessleri
节肢动物门Arthropoda纺锤水蚤属Acartia纺锤水蚤属一种Acartia sp.
CarpelimusCarpelimus sp. BBCCM392-10
ChydorusChydorus sphaericus
伪镖水蚤属Pseudodiaptomus指状伪镖水蚤Pseudodiaptomus inopinus
纹藤壶属Amphibalanus象牙纹藤壶Amphibalanus eburneus
小绿叶蝉属Empoasca小绿叶蝉属一种Empoasca sp. BOLD-2016
EupodesEupodes sp. BIOUG25165-F12
单蛛属Haplodrassus单蛛属一种Haplodrassus sp.
人形鱼虱属LernanthropusLernanthropus corniger
湖水虱属Ligidium湖水虱属一种Ligidium sp.
蜞属Gaetice平背蜞Gaetice depressus
侧沟茧蜂属Microplitis侧沟茧蜂属一种Microplitis sp.
矮胖猛水蚤属NannopusNannopus parvus
OxidusOxidus sp.
拳蟹属Pyrhila豆形拳蟹Pyrhila pisum
TroglarmadilloTroglarmadillo sp.
若甲螨属Zygoribatula若甲螨属一种Zygoribatula sp.
PleuromammaPleuromamma abdominalis
球蛛属Coleosoma球蛛属一种Coleosoma sp.
HaloniscusHaloniscus sp. MG1641
HerbitaHerbita sp. 1YB
小家蚁属Monomorium小家蚁属一种Monomorium sp.
刺胞动物门CnidariaAureliaAurelia sp.
AbietinariaAbietinaria variabilis
美螅水母属Clytia美螅水母属一种Clytia sp. WA01
哈钟螅属HartlaubellaHartlaubella gelatinosa
水螅属Hydra水螅属一种Hydra sp.
Malagazzia带拟杯水母Malagazzia taeniogonia
Gonionemus钩手水母属一种Gonionemus sp.
薮枝螅水母属ObeliaObelia dichotoma
薮枝螅水母属一种Obelia sp. MZUSP 3356
Obelia longissima
Obelia geniculata
僧帽水母属Physalia僧帽水母属一种Physalia sp. DRP-2009
海榧属Plumularia海榧属一种Plumularia sp.
PrayaPraya dubia
ThecocodiumThecocodium quadratum
ZancleaZanclea implexa
离翼水母属Apolemia离翼水母属一种Apolemia sp. 3 CWD-2005
CaryophylliaCaryophyllia sp.
逼螅水母属PennariaPennaria disticha
棘皮动物门Echinodermata长棘海星属AcanthasterAcanthaster planci
海盘车属Asterias多棘海盘车Asterias amurensis
软体动物门Mollusca彩虹蛤属Iridona彩虹蛤Iridona iridescens
德文蛤属Devonia内壳德文蛤Devonia semperi
BoselliaBosellia mimetica
ChosenelixChosenelix sp.
CornuCornu aspersum
冠蚌属CristariaCristaria plicata
砂螺属Gastrocopta砂螺属一种Gastrocopta sp.
GlyptophysaGlyptophysa sp. 6 PGA-2018
GranulomelonGranulomelon sp. A FC-2015
Magallana长牡蛎Crassostrea gigas
IndoplanorbisIndoplanorbis exustus
LacunaLacuna variegata
旋螺属Gyraulus旋螺属一种Gyraulus sp.
小贻贝属MytellaMytella charruana
蜑螺属NeritaNerita magdalenae
PhestillaPhestilla sp.
Radix折叠萝卜螺Radix plicatula
RuncinaRuncina sp. c AKA-2020
SetobaudiniaSetobaudinia kessneri
TrapaniaTrapania orteai
海蛞蝓属Tritonia海蛞蝓属一种Tritonia sp.
ClathurellaDaphnella sp. NP-2008
DigidentisDigidentis cf. arbutus LMT-2007
FissurellaFissurella bravensis
KermiaKermia melanoxytum
叶海牛属PhyllidiellaPhyllidiella albonigra
纽形动物门Nemertea四眼属Tetrastemma四眼属一种Tetrastemma sp.
线虫动物门Nematoda阔口线虫属Eurystomina阔口线虫属一种Eurystomina sp. 1AMA
ObainiaObainia pachnephorus
AdoncholaimusAdoncholaimus daikokuensis
扁形动物门PlatyhelminthesBolbophorusBolbophorus damnificus
CrateraCratera tui
单咽虫属Haplopharynx单咽虫属一种Haplopharynx sp.
多目涡虫属Polycelis多目涡虫属一种Polycelis sp.
PseudocerosPseudoceros laingensis
SyndesmisSyndesmis kurakaikina
副似四钩虫属Paratetraonchoides副似四钩虫属一种Paratetraonchoides sp.
多孔动物门PoriferaCaulophacusCaulophacus arcticus
石豆海绵属Cyamon石豆海绵属一种Cyamon sp.
ScopalinaScopalina canariensis
SuberitesSuberites topsenti
ThrinacophoraThrinacophora cervicornis
Arturia细薄白枝海绵Arturia tenuipilosa
), ArticleFig(id=1200862285238497322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503477735649424, language=CN, label=表A1, caption=

基于环境DNA宏条形码技术的典型潮沟无脊椎动物物种名录

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
环节动物门Annelida围沙蚕属Perinereis线围沙蚕Perinereis linea
水丝蚓属Limnodrilus水丝蚓属一种Limnodrilus sp.
丝异须虫属HeteromastusHeteromastus gusipoensis
BranchinotoglumaBranchinotogluma hessleri
节肢动物门Arthropoda纺锤水蚤属Acartia纺锤水蚤属一种Acartia sp.
CarpelimusCarpelimus sp. BBCCM392-10
ChydorusChydorus sphaericus
伪镖水蚤属Pseudodiaptomus指状伪镖水蚤Pseudodiaptomus inopinus
纹藤壶属Amphibalanus象牙纹藤壶Amphibalanus eburneus
小绿叶蝉属Empoasca小绿叶蝉属一种Empoasca sp. BOLD-2016
EupodesEupodes sp. BIOUG25165-F12
单蛛属Haplodrassus单蛛属一种Haplodrassus sp.
人形鱼虱属LernanthropusLernanthropus corniger
湖水虱属Ligidium湖水虱属一种Ligidium sp.
蜞属Gaetice平背蜞Gaetice depressus
侧沟茧蜂属Microplitis侧沟茧蜂属一种Microplitis sp.
矮胖猛水蚤属NannopusNannopus parvus
OxidusOxidus sp.
拳蟹属Pyrhila豆形拳蟹Pyrhila pisum
TroglarmadilloTroglarmadillo sp.
若甲螨属Zygoribatula若甲螨属一种Zygoribatula sp.
PleuromammaPleuromamma abdominalis
球蛛属Coleosoma球蛛属一种Coleosoma sp.
HaloniscusHaloniscus sp. MG1641
HerbitaHerbita sp. 1YB
小家蚁属Monomorium小家蚁属一种Monomorium sp.
刺胞动物门CnidariaAureliaAurelia sp.
AbietinariaAbietinaria variabilis
美螅水母属Clytia美螅水母属一种Clytia sp. WA01
哈钟螅属HartlaubellaHartlaubella gelatinosa
水螅属Hydra水螅属一种Hydra sp.
Malagazzia带拟杯水母Malagazzia taeniogonia
Gonionemus钩手水母属一种Gonionemus sp.
薮枝螅水母属ObeliaObelia dichotoma
薮枝螅水母属一种Obelia sp. MZUSP 3356
Obelia longissima
Obelia geniculata
僧帽水母属Physalia僧帽水母属一种Physalia sp. DRP-2009
海榧属Plumularia海榧属一种Plumularia sp.
PrayaPraya dubia
ThecocodiumThecocodium quadratum
ZancleaZanclea implexa
离翼水母属Apolemia离翼水母属一种Apolemia sp. 3 CWD-2005
CaryophylliaCaryophyllia sp.
逼螅水母属PennariaPennaria disticha
棘皮动物门Echinodermata长棘海星属AcanthasterAcanthaster planci
海盘车属Asterias多棘海盘车Asterias amurensis
软体动物门Mollusca彩虹蛤属Iridona彩虹蛤Iridona iridescens
德文蛤属Devonia内壳德文蛤Devonia semperi
BoselliaBosellia mimetica
ChosenelixChosenelix sp.
CornuCornu aspersum
冠蚌属CristariaCristaria plicata
砂螺属Gastrocopta砂螺属一种Gastrocopta sp.
GlyptophysaGlyptophysa sp. 6 PGA-2018
GranulomelonGranulomelon sp. A FC-2015
Magallana长牡蛎Crassostrea gigas
IndoplanorbisIndoplanorbis exustus
LacunaLacuna variegata
旋螺属Gyraulus旋螺属一种Gyraulus sp.
小贻贝属MytellaMytella charruana
蜑螺属NeritaNerita magdalenae
PhestillaPhestilla sp.
Radix折叠萝卜螺Radix plicatula
RuncinaRuncina sp. c AKA-2020
SetobaudiniaSetobaudinia kessneri
TrapaniaTrapania orteai
海蛞蝓属Tritonia海蛞蝓属一种Tritonia sp.
ClathurellaDaphnella sp. NP-2008
DigidentisDigidentis cf. arbutus LMT-2007
FissurellaFissurella bravensis
KermiaKermia melanoxytum
叶海牛属PhyllidiellaPhyllidiella albonigra
纽形动物门Nemertea四眼属Tetrastemma四眼属一种Tetrastemma sp.
线虫动物门Nematoda阔口线虫属Eurystomina阔口线虫属一种Eurystomina sp. 1AMA
ObainiaObainia pachnephorus
AdoncholaimusAdoncholaimus daikokuensis
扁形动物门PlatyhelminthesBolbophorusBolbophorus damnificus
CrateraCratera tui
单咽虫属Haplopharynx单咽虫属一种Haplopharynx sp.
多目涡虫属Polycelis多目涡虫属一种Polycelis sp.
PseudocerosPseudoceros laingensis
SyndesmisSyndesmis kurakaikina
副似四钩虫属Paratetraonchoides副似四钩虫属一种Paratetraonchoides sp.
多孔动物门PoriferaCaulophacusCaulophacus arcticus
石豆海绵属Cyamon石豆海绵属一种Cyamon sp.
ScopalinaScopalina canariensis
SuberitesSuberites topsenti
ThrinacophoraThrinacophora cervicornis
Arturia细薄白枝海绵Arturia tenuipilosa
), ArticleFig(id=1200862285402075180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503477735649424, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Environmental DNA metabarcoding sequencing results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类群序列数OTUs序列百分比
节肢动物门Arthropoda161235038.4%
环节动物门Annelida11645627.8%
刺胞动物门Cnidaria56622213.5%
软体动物门Mollusca3920289.4%
线虫动物门Nematoda254346.1%
棘皮动物门Echinodermata71621.7%
扁形动物门Platyhelminthes70471.7%
多孔动物门Porifera42651.0%
纽形动物门Nemertea20630.5%
合计41945127100%
), ArticleFig(id=1200862285498544176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503477735649424, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

DNA宏条形码测序结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类群序列数OTUs序列百分比
节肢动物门Arthropoda161235038.4%
环节动物门Annelida11645627.8%
刺胞动物门Cnidaria56622213.5%
软体动物门Mollusca3920289.4%
线虫动物门Nematoda254346.1%
棘皮动物门Echinodermata71621.7%
扁形动物门Platyhelminthes70471.7%
多孔动物门Porifera42651.0%
纽形动物门Nemertea20630.5%
合计41945127100%
), ArticleFig(id=1200862286677143603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503477735649424, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Invertebrate alpha diversity index in typical tidal creek of the Haunghe River Delta

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样点辛普森
指数
香农
指数
均匀度
指数
Chao1
指数
ACE
指数
综合多样性
指数
S3S0.9453.5390.764109.000107.3000.21
S2S0.9133.3440.736115.000104.1000.18
S2X0.7232.5270.56389.50089.1800.03
S1S0.6011.7900.394105.20098.9300.05
S1X0.9383.4160.74897.87098.9400.09
), ArticleFig(id=1200862286782001208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503477735649424, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

黄河三角洲典型潮沟无脊椎动物α多样性指数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样点辛普森
指数
香农
指数
均匀度
指数
Chao1
指数
ACE
指数
综合多样性
指数
S3S0.9453.5390.764109.000107.3000.21
S2S0.9133.3440.736115.000104.1000.18
S2X0.7232.5270.56389.50089.1800.03
S1S0.6011.7900.394105.20098.9300.05
S1X0.9383.4160.74897.87098.9400.09
), ArticleFig(id=1200862286895247422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503477735649424, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

The characteristic index of invertebrate co-occurrence network

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征
指标
平均度平均加
权度
网络
直径
图密度模块化
系数
平均聚类
系数
平均路径
长度
模块数
科水平5.9211.3850.110.640.871.433
种水平12.8425.6940.250.540.62.18
), ArticleFig(id=1200862287021076544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503477735649424, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

无脊椎动物生物共现网络特征指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征
指标
平均度平均加
权度
网络
直径
图密度模块化
系数
平均聚类
系数
平均路径
长度
模块数
科水平5.9211.3850.110.640.871.433
种水平12.8425.6940.250.540.62.18
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基于环境DNA宏条形码技术的黄河三角洲典型潮沟单元秋季无脊椎动物多样性及共现网络分析
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符清露 1 , 董志远 2 , 李宝泉 2, 3 , 陈莉 2 , 孙德斌 2 , 倪艳梅 2 , 唐永政 1 , 陈琳琳 2, 3, *
海洋学报 | 论文 2024,46(11): 75-90
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海洋学报 | 论文 2024, 46(11): 75-90
基于环境DNA宏条形码技术的黄河三角洲典型潮沟单元秋季无脊椎动物多样性及共现网络分析
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符清露1 , 董志远2, 李宝泉2, 3, 陈莉2, 孙德斌2, 倪艳梅2, 唐永政1, 陈琳琳2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1.烟台大学 海洋学院,山东 烟台 264003
  • 2.中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所 海岸带生物学与生物资源保护实验室,山东 烟台 264003
  • 3.中国科学院 海岸带环境过程与生态修复重点实验室(烟台海岸带研究所),山东 烟台 264003
  • 符清露(2000—),女,海南省海口市人,主要从事海岸带生物多样性与生态连通性研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*陈琳琳,博士,硕士生导师,主要从事海岸带生物多样性与生态连通性研究。E-mail:
Analysis of invertebrate diversity and co-occurrence network based on environmental DNA metabarcoding in autumn typical tidal creek units of the Huanghe River Delta
Qinglu Fu1 , Zhiyuan Dong2, Baoquan Li2, 3, Li Chen2, Debin Sun2, Yanmei Ni2, Yongzheng Tang1, Linlin Chen2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai 264003, China
  • 2. Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
  • 3. Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Process and Ecological Restoration (Yantai Coastal Zone Research Institute), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
出版时间: 2024-11-01 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2024122
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潮沟系统作为滨海湿地中活跃的地貌单元,不同级别潮沟水文环境变化显著,进而导致生物群落的空间分布出现差异。本研究选取黄河三角洲典型潮沟单元,利用环境DNA宏条形码(environmental DNA metabarcoding,eDNA)技术检测不同级别潮沟无脊椎动物多样性,采用生物共现网络分析和冗余分析(RDA)分别揭示典型潮沟无脊椎动物关键种与驱动因素。结果表明:该潮沟单元共检测到无脊椎动物127个分类操作单元(Operational Taxonomic Units,OTUs),隶属于9门24纲53目103科87属90种。无脊椎动物门水平和属水平分别以节肢动物门(43.9%)和围沙蚕属(Perinereis )(25.2%)为优势类群。群落综合多样性指标(Comprehensive diversity index,CD)分析显示,三级潮沟综合多样性最高,一级潮沟无脊椎动物综合多样性最低。生物共现网络分析显示,线围沙蚕(Perinereis linea)和双枝薮枝螅(Obelia dichotoma)为关键种,对维持该潮沟无脊椎动物群落结构稳定起关键作用。RDA显示,水体的硅酸盐含量、温度和沉积物的粉砂、黏土占比是影响该潮沟无脊椎动物群落特征的主要环境因子。相关性网络分析显示,关键种受硅酸盐含量、黏土和水体氮元素含量的显著影响(P < 0.05)。研究结果有助于了解黄河三角洲典型潮沟无脊椎动物群落结构,揭示典型潮沟无脊椎动物关键种,并为无脊椎动物多样性监测与保护提供数据支持与理论参考。

环境DNA宏条形码  /  共现网络  /  生物多样性  /  无脊椎动物  /  黄河三角洲

The tidal creek system is an active geomorphic unit in coastal wetlands, and the water environment of different level tidal creeks changes significantly, leading to spatial distribution differences of biological communities. This study selected a typical tidal creek unit in the Huanghe River Delta and used environmental DNA metabarcoding (eDNA) technique to detect the diversity of invertebrates. The biological co-occurrence network analysis and redundancy analysis (RDA) were respectively used to reveal the keystone species and driving factors of the invertebrate community in the typical tidal creek. The results showed that a total of 127 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of invertebrates were detected in the tidal creek unit, belonging to 9 phyla, 24 classes, 53 orders, 103 families, 87 genera, and 90 species; among them, the class level was dominated by the Arthropoda (43.9%), and the genus level was dominated by the Perinereis (25.2%). The comprehensive diversity index (CD) analysis showed that the comprehensive diversity of invertebrates in the third-level tidal creek was the highest, and the comprehensive diversity of invertebrates in the first-level tidal creek was the lowest. The biological co-occurrence network analysis showed that the Perinereis linea and the Obelia dichotoma were the keystone species, which played a key role in maintaining the stability of the invertebrate community structure in the tidal creek. The RDA showed that the silicate content of the water body, temperature, and the proportion of fine sand and clay in the sediment were the main environmental factors affecting the invertebrate community characteristics in the tidal creek. Correlation network analysis showed that the keystone species were significantly affected by silicate content, clay, and nitrogen content in water (P < 0.05). The research results are helpful for understanding the community structure of typical tidal creek invertebrates, revealing the keystone species of typical tidal ditch invertebrates, and providing data support and theoretical reference for the monitoring and protection of invertebrate diversity.

environmental DNA metabarcoding  /  co-occurrence network  /  biodiversity  /  invertebrates  /  Huanghe River Delta
符清露, 董志远, 李宝泉, 陈莉, 孙德斌, 倪艳梅, 唐永政, 陈琳琳. 基于环境DNA宏条形码技术的黄河三角洲典型潮沟单元秋季无脊椎动物多样性及共现网络分析. 海洋学报, 2024 , 46 (11) : 75 -90 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2024122
Qinglu Fu, Zhiyuan Dong, Baoquan Li, Li Chen, Debin Sun, Yanmei Ni, Yongzheng Tang, Linlin Chen. Analysis of invertebrate diversity and co-occurrence network based on environmental DNA metabarcoding in autumn typical tidal creek units of the Huanghe River Delta[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2024 , 46 (11) : 75 -90 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2024122
黄河三角洲湿地是西太平洋沿岸最完整的新生湿地生态系统[1]。受海洋、陆地和河流的交互影响,黄河三角洲湿地潮滩面积广大,潮沟系统发育成熟[2]。作为潮滩上活跃的地貌单元,潮沟在湿地水体连通中发挥重要作用,其不仅是水体、沉积物和碎屑输入与输出的重要通道,同时也是海陆物质能量交换发生的关键区域[35]。一方面,黄河径流输送和潮水顶托为潮沟区输送大量营养元素和有机物质,为生物群落组建和生态系统发展提供了充足的营养物质条件[67]。另一方面,潮沟区咸淡水交替,塑造了复杂的生境条件,是三角洲内海洋型、淡水型和河口型生物的重要栖息地,生物多样性丰富[8]。物种构成的水陆兼性特征,使之成为多种咸淡水鱼类和无脊椎动物生长繁殖的重要场地[9]。由于潮沟的地貌特征(如长度、宽度和深度)和理化性质(如流速、水文和基质)差异[10],受生境异质性影响,不同级别潮沟的物种组成和群落结构差异显著[11]
无脊椎动物是滨海湿地生态系统的重要类群[12]。一方面,其作为生态系统的关键次级生产者和鸟类及其他动物的主要食源,是系统物质循环和能量流动过程的重要环节,维系系统结构和功能稳定。另一方面,由于具有对环境变化敏感度高、分布范围广、生活周期长和迁移范围小等特点,无脊椎动物常被广泛用作水生生态系统评价指标之一[1316]。黄河三角洲湿地潮沟分布区广、密度高,潮沟区内无脊椎动物类群多、丰度大、生物量高,是系统主要生物组成部分[11]。同时,受不同级别潮沟的生境异质性影响,无脊椎动物物种组成及群落结构在空间上存在差异。无脊椎动物对潮沟的水文特征和理化环境响应敏感,其种群结构、关键类群和物种数等群落结构变化特征直接反映潮沟区的稳定性与变异性[17],是开展湿地潮沟系统研究的理想生物类群。
环境DNA宏条形码技术是一种有效监测水生生物群落结构组成和多样性的工具[1820],其将高通量测序技术与生物DNA条形码识别相结合,利用高通量测序获得条形码基因扩增子,再通过数据库中的序列进行注释分类,得到分析鉴定群落的物种组成[2122]。相较于传统分类鉴定方法,环境DNA条形码技术具有非破坏性、操作简易和灵敏度高等特点,常被应用于水生生物调查中[2325]。DNA宏条形码技术在检测无脊椎动物物种组成方面更为准确和全面。研究表明利用环境DNA宏条形码技术可提高物种检出率和物种丰度估计[26]。黄河三角洲湿地环境复杂多样,利用传统方法采样低效,且鉴定分类的主观因素影响大。相比较于传统方法,环境DNA宏条形码技术在无脊椎动物多样性评估及生态评估方面具有明显优势。
生物共现网络是研究群落水平物种互作的结构模型,基于物种在群落中出现及丰度数据,可描述物种间潜在的相互作用、群落的基本结构,揭示群落中的物种互作关系及群落中的关键类群[2728]。传统的生物监测多基于生物或类群的出现率和多度信息,忽略了生物间及生物与环境间的作用关系,而这些关系是影响评估群落多样性及其对环境变化响应的重要因素[29]。环境DNA宏条形码技术基于高通量测序能够高效便捷地获取环境中群落大数据信息,结合环境数据构建生物共现网络模型,生物共现网络的多项拓扑结构属性(中心性、模块性、连接度等)可反映群落稳定性及鉴别出群落关键种[30]。目前,生物共现网络模型多集中在微生物群落、真核浮游生物和鱼类研究中[3133],在揭示群落稳定性和关键种方面提供了丰富的研究方法。因此,生物共现网络模型是研究无脊椎动物相互关系及其影响因素的有效途径。
本研究以黄河三角洲内咸淡水交替环境下的典型潮沟单元为研究区域,利用环境DNA宏条形码技术评估该潮沟单元无脊椎动物生物多样性,探究:(1)不同级别潮沟间无脊椎动物多样性特征;(2)鉴别典型潮沟单元无脊椎动物群落关键种;(3)揭示无脊椎动物群落结构的关键影响因子,以期为黄河三角洲湿地的生物多样性监测与保护提供数据支持。
研究区位于黄河三角洲自然保护区内,属暖温带大陆性季风气候,年平均气温为11.7~12.6℃,年降水量为530~630 mm,年蒸发量为19002400 mm。研究区潮水为不规则半日潮,平均高潮间隙为10~11 h,平均大潮潮差为1.06~1.78 m,小潮潮差为0.46~0.78 m。区域内分布有大面积的浅海滩涂和多样的湿地植被,是水生动植物的优质栖息地。基于文献资料、遥感影像与现场调查,于2021年10月在黄河三角洲自然保护区内选择典型潮沟单元。按照Horton-Strahler潮沟分级原则[34],将不再分支的末端潮沟定义为一级潮沟(S1),将多个一级潮沟汇聚形成的次支流定义为二级潮沟(S2),将与海洋直接相连的潮沟定义为三级潮沟(S3)。S1布设两个采样带(S1S与S1X),分别位于S1和S2潮沟节点分叉处下端与S1末端。S2布设两个采样带(S2S与S2X),分别位于S2和S3潮沟节点分叉处下端与S1和S2潮沟节点分叉处上端。S3布设一个采样带(S3S),见图1。每个样带3个采样点,每个样点间隔20 m且混合为一个样品。
使用YSI水质分析仪[(Professional Plus (6050000)/ProComm(605604),美国]现场测定温度(T)、溶解氧(DO)、盐度(SAL)和pH。使用间隙水采水器(Rhizon,Rhizosphere,荷兰)采集底层沉积物间隙水,暂存于−20℃冷冻保存带回实验室。间隙水样品经0.45 μm水系滤膜抽滤后使用连续流动分析仪(Seal-Branlubbe AA3,SEAL,英国)于24 h内测定间隙水营养盐含量(PO4-P,NO3-N,NO2-N,NH4-N,SiO3-Si)。沉积物样品使用处理过的注射器收集,于−20℃冷冻保存至实验室。沉积物样品部分在剔除砾石、动植物残体等杂质后,使用激光粒度仪(Marlvern Mastersizer 2000F,Marlvern Panalytical,英国)测定沉积物粒径(D)。其余部分于冷冻机内冻干后研磨、过筛,使用元素分析仪(Vario Macro,Elementar,德国)测定沉积物总氮(TN)、总碳(TC)和有机碳(TOC)含量。
沉积物eDNA样品采集方法参照Clark等[35]进行。沉积物eDNA最终收集于50 mL无菌无酶离心管中,各站位设置3个平行处理。样品于−20℃车载冰箱内冷冻保存至实验室。3个平行样放入灭菌烧杯混为一个样品,充分搅拌均匀,分装于5 mL冻存管内于超低温冰箱中保存(−80℃)。室内操作均在超净工作台中完成。
使用Fast DNATM SPIN Kit for Soil(MP Biomedicals,美国)提取DNA,使用NanoDrop测定DNA浓度及质量。使用针对线粒体细胞色素氧化酶I(COI)的通用引物mLCOIintF:5’-GWACWGGWTGAACWGTWTAYCCYCC-3’和jgHCO2198:5’-TAIACYTCIGGRTGICCRAARAAYCA-3’[36],对无脊椎动物目标基因COI进行PCR扩增,并设置阴性对照,确保扩增过程中未受到污染。PCR扩增总反应体系25 μL,包含2 × Taq plus Master Mix (Biosharp) 12.5 μL,正反引物各1 μL,DNA模板1 μL,ddH2O 9.5 μL,扩增片段长度313 bp。使用PCR仪T100TM Thermal Cycler(Bio-rad,美国),反应程序为:于95℃预变性3 min,循环35次(95℃变性30 s,57℃退火30 s,72℃延伸30 s),最后72℃延伸5 min。每个样品3个技术重复,扩增完后使用1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测,核酸染料使用GelRed,电泳电压110 V,电泳时间30 min,使用100 bp DNA Ladder 对产物DNA链长度进行划分。扩增完后,使用凝胶成像仪(Tanon 2500/2500R,Tanon,中国)查看扩增情况,要求扩增产物有清晰且单一的目的条带,阴性对照无显著条带。DNA提取和PCR扩增操作过程使用的所有器材和试剂均为无菌状态,操作过程避免交叉污染。使用AxyPrepDNA凝胶回收试剂盒(AXYGEN, 美国)切胶回收PCR产物,最后送至北京诺禾致源科技股份有限公司进行高通量测序,样品DNA片段于Illumina NovaSeq 测序平台(Illumina,美国)进行测序。
使用 FLASH 1.2.7拼接原始测序数据,采用FastQC(http://www.bioinformatics.babraham.ac.uk/projects/fastqc)对数据进行质控和过滤。使用 Uparse 7.0.1001(http://www.drive5.com/uparse/)按照97%相似性聚类到可操作单元(Operational Taxonomic Units,OTUs), 同时采用UCHIME(UCHIME Algorithm,http://www.drive5.com/usearch/manual/uchime_algo.html)检测嵌合体并去除,得到OTU的代表序列。采用 RDP classifier贝叶斯算法(https://sourceforge.net/projects/rdpclassifier/),将OTU代表序列在美国国立生物技术信息中心(National Center for Biotechnology Information,NCBI)中的核酸序列数据库( ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/blast/db/ )和BOLD数据库(https://www.boldsystems.org/)进行物种注释(相似度大于 98%,序列覆盖度为 100%)。将OTU注释到的物种进行以下筛选:(1)去除非无脊椎动物(如细菌、真菌和浮游植物等)OTUs;(2)保留至少在2个样本中序列都大于5的OTUs;(3)保留序列总和大于20的OTUs;(4)剔除非本地无脊椎动物OTUs,剔除标准参考Ji等[37]。剔除非本地无脊椎动物OTUs参考书目主要为《中国动物志(无脊椎动物第四十三卷)》《胶州湾及青岛邻近海域底栖甲壳动物》和《中国经济动物志:淡水软体动物》[3840]。最后,在世界海洋物种登记库(WoRMS)网站(https://www.marinespecies.org/)和中国生物志库(https://species.sciencereading.cn/biology/v/biologicalIndex/122.html)检索校对注释物种信息并添加具体的分类阶元信息。
对物种丰度数据和环境因子数据进行对数log10x+1)转换。为减少冗余的环境因子并保证分析的准确性与简洁性,数据经膨胀因子(VIF)检验,减少多重共线性,将所有环境因子的VIF保持在10以下,采用正向筛选程序选择最终的环境因素。使用Canoco 5软件对无脊椎动物数据进行去趋势对应分析(DCA),若所有轴中梯度最大值大于4.0,采用典范对应分析(CCA),若在3.0~4.0之间,选择冗余分析(RDA)或CCA,如果小于3.0则选用RDA。此外,我们使用Origin2021软件,采用层次聚类分析(HCA)对不同潮沟级别的无脊椎动物OTUs丰度进行群落结构分析。使用生物共现网络解析研究区无脊椎动物生态网络。首先,为减少低丰度物种数据对网络模型的干扰,根据样品中无脊椎动物OTUs的相对丰度组成,选择相对丰度前50%且出现率高于40%的物种进行Spearman相关性分析。其次,为减少生物共现网络分析物种间的冗余信息,降低网络复杂性,保留相关系数绝对值大于0.6且P值小于0.05的数据,利用Gephi 0.10.1软件绘制无脊椎动物共现网络拓扑图。
使用SPSS 23.0进行因子分析计算综合多样性指数(Comprehensive diversity index,CD)和综合关键物种指数(Integrated keystone family indicator,IKFI)。本文的CD是指对无脊椎动物在物种丰富度和均匀度上的多样性特征进行综合量化评估的一个概念。类似地,IKFI指通过整合生物共现网络中心性指标对无脊椎动物中心性进行综合量化评估。CD用来表征无脊椎动物群落α多样性,IKFI用来筛选潮沟区关键种,IKFI > 4.70的物种为关键种。选取5个生物共现网络中心性指标计算综合关键物种指标IKFI:紧密度中心性(closeness centrality)、介数中心性(betweeness centrality)、和谐接近中心性(harmonic closness centrality)、特征向量中心性(eigenvector centrality)和度(degree)。将网络中心性指标原始数据进行标准化(Z-score法),经KOM检验法和Bartlett球体检验法进行因子分析的适用性检验(KOM > 0.6,Sig < 0.05)。基于主成分法提取主成分,计算主成分得分和主成分系数[41]。归一化后得到各指标权重,基于指标权重计算得到加权关键物种指数。综合关键物种指数由加权关键物种指数计算得到。
使用Past 4.11软件计算无脊椎动物群落多样性指数。综合多样性指数选取辛普森(Simpson)多样性指数、香农(Shannon)多样性指数、均匀度(Equitability)多样性指数、Chao1指数和ACE指数5个指标计算得到,计算方法与综合关键物种指数相同,各多样性指标公式如下:
Simpson多样性指数(D):
$ D=1-\sum _{i=1}^{{S}_{\rm obs}}{P}_{i}^{2},{P}_{i}={N}_{i}/N ;$
Shannon多样性指数(H):
$ H=-\sum _{i=1}^{{S}_{\rm obs}}{P}_{i}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{n}\left({P}_{i}\right); $
Equitability多样性指数(E):
$ E=\frac{{D}_{\rm ens}}{S} ;$
Chao1指数:
$ \mathrm{Chao}1=S_{\rm{o}bs}+\frac{n_1(n_1-1)}{2(n_2+1)}; $
ACE指数:
$ \mathrm{ACE}=S_{\rm{a}bund}+\frac{S_{\rm{r}are}}{C_{\rm{a}ce}}+\frac{F_1}{C_{\rm{a}ce}}\gamma_{\rm{a}ce}^2; $
式中,Sobs为实际检测的OTU数,Ni为含有i条序列的OTU数,N为序列总数,Dens为Simpson有效物种数,S为群落物种丰富度指数,n1为只观测到一次的物种数,n2为只观测到两次的物种数,Sabund为高丰度物种数量,Srare为低丰度物种数量,Cace为样本覆盖度估计值,${\gamma }_{\rm ace}^{2} $是稀有物种的变异系数。
为探讨无脊椎动物与环境因子关系,选取科水平和种水平IKFI排名前20的类群和排名前30的物种与环境因子进行Spearman相关性分析。文中所有潮沟之间的差异比较均取同一潮沟样带数据的平均值。数据处理和其余图绘制均在R 4.0.1中进行。
高通量测序共获得548031条原始序列,对原始双端测序数据进行拼接并过滤掉低质量和短长度的序列后,最终得到可用于后续分析的有效序列459461条。各样品的有效序列Q30均大于95%,表明各样品的测序序列碱基质量高。将有效序列按照97%的相似水平进行聚类,获得7072个OTUs。OTUs进一步筛选注释后,最终获得127个无脊椎动物OTUs用于后续分析。127个无脊椎动物OTUs分属于9门24纲53目103科87属90种(表A1)。
节肢动物门(Arthropoda)序列占比(38.4%)和OTUs(50)在所有类群中最高,环节动物门(Annelida)次之;纽形动物门(Nemertea)具有较低的序列数占比(0.5%),棘皮动物门(Echinodermata)OTUs最低,仅为2个(表1)。
各采样点无脊椎动物门水平相对丰度分析显示,节肢动物门与刺胞动物门为主要门类(图2a),平均相对丰度分别为43.9%和16.2%,其次是环节动物门(15.8%)与软体动物门(10.9%)。节肢动物门在S2X样点中相对丰度占比最高,为74.1%,其次是S2S样点(52.8%),而在S1S样点占比最低,为21.9%。刺胞动物门在S1X样点中相对丰度占比最高(34.6%),在S1S占比最低(2.8%)。各级别潮沟优势类群有所差异,一级潮沟以环节动物门为主,二级潮沟和三级潮沟以节肢动物门为主。各采样点无脊椎动物属水平相对丰度分析显示,围沙蚕属(Perinereis )、矮胖猛水蚤属(Nannopus)和薮枝螅水母属(Obelia)为优势类群(图2b),分别占比25.2%、5.5%和3.5%;其中,围沙蚕属和矮胖猛水蚤属在一级潮沟S1S中相对丰度占比较高,分别为61.7%和11.2%。薮枝螅水母属在一级潮沟S1X样点中相对丰度占比最高,相对丰度占比达到11.2%,而在三级潮沟S3S样点相对丰度最低(1.3%)。
多集韦恩图(图3a)结果显示,各样点无脊椎动物OTUs数量表现为S3S (103个)> S1X (96个) > S1S (94个)= S2S (94个) > S2X (89个)。各样点有44个共有OTUs,主要为节肢动物门。S1X与S3S站点各有一个特有OTU,其中S1X特有OTU隶属于多孔动物门(Porifera)寻常海绵纲(Demospongiae)皮海绵属(Suberites),S3S样点特有OTU隶属于节肢动物门软甲纲(Malacostraca)等足目(Isopoda)海蟑螂科(Ligiidae)湖水虱属(Ligidium)。HCA结果显示,采样点无脊椎动物OTUs丰度在40%相似性下分为4个组(图3b)。其中,S3S与S2S聚为一组,S1S、S1X和S2X各聚为一组,表明潮沟系统内无脊椎动物群落空间分布具有差异性。
基于OTUs相对丰度的无脊椎动物α多样性指数分析显示(表2),该潮沟单元无脊椎动物辛普森指数平均值为0.824(0.601~0.945),香农指数平均值为2.923(1.790~3.539);均匀度指数平均值为0.641(0.394~0.748),这3个指数均在S3S最高,在S1S最低。Chao1指数平均值为103.314(89.500~115.000),S2S最高,S2X最低;ACE指数平均值为99.690(89.180~107.300),S3S最高,于S2X最低。综合多样性指标评估显示,S3S样点的综合多样性指数最高(0.21),其次是S2S(0.18),S2X样点的综合多样性指数最低(0.03)。潮沟总体表现为:三级潮沟(0.21) > 二级潮沟(0.11) > 一级潮沟(0.07)。
利用生物共现网络分析典型潮沟无脊椎动物相互作用关系及其复杂性。结果显示(图4),科水平生物共现网络中包含52个节点,334条边,其中正相关边数占比为51.5%,负相关边数占比为48.5%。种水平生物共现网络中包含53个节点,157条边,其中正相关边数占比为96.2%,负相关边数占比为3.8%。说明潮沟生境中无脊椎动物类群共同出现(co-occurrence)的情况多于彼此排斥(co-exclusion),类群间更倾向于协同互作。此外,图密度结果显示(表3),科水平(0.11)与种水平(0.25)生物共现网络密度高,表明潮沟系统无脊椎动物网络结构复杂性较高。
科水平和种水平无脊椎动物类群分别被分成3个模块和8个模块,模块化解析系数均大于0.5(表3),说明生物模块分析具有较高可信度。在科水平中,模块1(30%)、模块2(36.8%)和模块3(66.7%)均以节肢动物门节点组成。此外,科水平生物共现网络的度在4~22之间,平均为12.84,单宫线虫科(Monhysteridae)和海蟑螂科的度最高,钥孔䗩科(Fissurellidae)的度最低,说明单宫线虫科和海蟑螂科在生物网络中与其他类群联系密切,在潮沟无脊椎动物中为重要类群。
种水平生物网络分析显示,模块1节点最多,占网络图节点的26.4%,其中软体动物门节点最多,占比为42.9%,其次是刺胞动物门(14.3%)。模块2节点占网络图节点的18.9%,主要门类为节肢动物门,节点占比为40.0%。模块3共有7个节点,包含6个门类。种水平生物共现网络的度在0~13之间,平均为5.92,线围沙蚕(Perinereis linea)和双枝薮枝螅(Obelia dichotoma)的度在生物网络中最高(Degree = 13)。
为评估潮沟区无脊椎动物群落与环境因子之间的关系,以无脊椎动物不同门类相对丰度为响应变量,环境因子为解释变量进行分析。DCA显示,梯度长度第一轴小于3,因此选择RDA。RDA排序前两轴分别解释了变异程度的44.8%和30.6%(图5)。RDA分析显示,在潮沟区中,硅酸盐与无脊椎动物具有显著(P < 0.01)相关性。水温、黏土和粉砂解释率分别为30.6%、17.5%和7.1%。刺胞动物门、节肢动物门、环节动物门与棘皮动物门与硅酸盐呈正相关。RDA分析表明,硅酸盐是显著影响无脊椎动物的主要环境因子。
基于生物共现网络中心性指标计算IKFI。科水平上,相关性共现网络图中包含27个节点,66条边,正相关边数占51.51%,负相关边数占比为48.48%(图6a)。在物种节点中,Nannopodidae科的IKFI(5.42)最高,它的节点为关键节点,其次是沙蚕科(Nereididae),IKFI为4.84。Nannopodidae科与硅酸盐呈正相关,沙蚕科与黏土呈正相关。
种水平上,相关性共现网络图中包含30个节点,58条边,正相关边数占51.7%,负相关边数占比为48.3%(图6b)。在物种节点中,线围沙蚕的IKFI(7.16)最高,它的节点为关键节点,其次是双枝薮枝螅和Mytella charruana,IKFI分别为4.77和4.65。线围沙蚕与硅酸盐、黏土和NH4-N呈显著正相关(P < 0.05),双枝薮枝螅与硅酸盐呈正相关但不显著(图6b)。线围沙蚕和双枝薮枝螅是潮沟区无脊椎动物中维持群落结构稳定的关键物种。
环境DNA宏条形码技术是研究典型潮沟无脊椎动物群落结构组成的有力工具。陈凯等[42]开展的黄河三角洲湿地无脊椎动物调查共获得84个分类单元,以节肢动物门和软体动物门为主,分别占总分类单元52.4%和21.4%。刘丹丹等[1]开展的调查中共采集无脊椎动物96种,隶属于3门7纲20目59科,同样以节肢动物门和软体动物门为主。本研究结果与上述研究结果具有相似之处。研究结果虽然显示节肢动物门和软体动物门检出的门类多于相关研究传统分类方法[1, 42],但是二者在总分类单元中的占比低于传统分类结果。以往研究获得的无脊椎动物主要以节肢动物门、软体动物门和环节动物门为主,而本研究大量刺胞动物门、棘皮动物门、扁形动物门等被检出。这一结果差异进一步凸显了沉积物 eDNA 在本研究中的合理性和准确性。沉积物能够更有效地保存那些在生态系统中活动范围相对较小、或者生命周期中与沉积物有密切接触的物种的 DNA 信息[35]。刺胞动物门、棘皮动物门和扁形动物门中的部分物种可能具有这样的生活习性,使得它们在沉积物中的 DNA 留存更为显著[26]。但同时,沉积物 eDNA 的提取和分析仍然面临一些挑战,如 DNA 降解和复杂的基质干扰,今后通过优化提取方法和严格的质量控制,可望有效降低这些因素的影响,进一步提高检测的准确性[35]。总体而言,基于 DNA 宏条形码技术的无脊椎动物物种在检出率方面要高于传统的鉴定分类方法,可作为传统采样方法的有效补充。但是,本研究无脊椎动物属门类数(87属)低于科门类数(103科),这是由于在物种注释时公共数据库缺失相应物种序列,在与数据库序列比对时未能在一定阈值上注释到更低阶元。因此,在未来的相关研究中,应构建本地条形码数据库,结合公共数据库和本地库,以满足后续环境DNA条形码注释需求。
黄河三角洲潮沟系统无脊椎动物群落组成与潮沟水文特征和物种扩散潜力有关。HCA结果显示不同级别潮沟的无脊椎动物群落空间分布具有差异性(图3b )。其中,一级潮沟围沙蚕属相对丰度占比最高(>25%),二级潮沟(>60%)和三级潮沟(>50%)主要为节肢动物为主。节肢动物在栖息地选择上更倾向于具有大颗粒沉积物、底质较硬的环境类型[9]。三级潮沟和二级潮沟受潮汐动力影响,具有较大的水量和流速,高强度的水动力对底部的冲刷最强,沉积物细颗粒物随着动力迁移,而大量较粗的颗粒物沉降在三级潮沟。因此三级潮沟和二级潮沟相比于一级潮沟具有流速大、深度大、底质硬等特点,更利于节肢动物(矮胖猛水蚤属、EurystominaArenaeus 等)生存繁殖。一级潮沟靠近陆端,底质受潮水压实程度低,孔隙度小,细颗粒物沉积物含量高[43],是环节动物沙蚕科的重要栖息场所[44]。本研究结果显示围沙蚕属为一级潮沟优势类群。围沙蚕属对细颗粒物沉积物环境具有较好的适应性,其成体食性为杂食性(以动、植物碎片和腐屑为食),摄食沉积物时倾向于粒径较小的有机颗粒物[45]。一级潮沟的水文特征为围沙蚕属提供了良好的生境条件。总体来看,节肢动物是黄河三角洲湿地潮滩区的重要优势类群,其分布面积广且种类多,相比于其他无脊椎动物其在潮滩湿地中有较强的扩散能力和适应能力[46]。另一方面,由于微地貌单元的环境异质性,大型无脊椎动物在潮滩系统内具有明显的空间分布差异。
生物共现网络每个模块中的物种群落可反映模块间的生境异质性、物理接触和功能联系[47]。基于菌群和浮游动植物的共现网络分析显示同一模块中的物种具有相似生态位,共同行使特定功能特性[48]。生物共现网络模块化可展示无脊椎动物类群间相互作用强烈程度,反映无脊椎动物中高度连接的分类群,揭示不同功能的节点组,是群落结构特征的重要表征[4950]。无脊椎动物的生物共现网络分析结果显示,节肢动物和软体动物在无脊椎动物模块内属于主要的链接节点(图4),表明节肢动物和软体动物是对潮沟环境异质性作出响应的主要类群,在潮间带具备较强的适应能力,并且能够在不同的环境中与其他类群发挥不同的功能。种水平生物共现网络的模块数量多、模块内物种链接密切(图4b),无脊椎动物在潮沟区呈现出模块化的小世界(small world)。小世界性质有利于不同节点之间高效、快速通信,因此模块内物种可以对环境变化做出快速响应[27]。另一方面,环境扰动可通过小世界迅速波及整个网络,改变网络结构和功能[32]。线围沙蚕和双枝薮枝螅在网络中与其他节点连接度最高,它们为生物共现网络中关键种,其在网络中发挥重要作用,它们维系着潮沟区无脊椎动物群落稳定性,维持潮沟生态系统功能。
多样性指数可反映研究区内大型无脊椎动物群落的物种富集度、变异程度和均匀度[51]。丰富度指数和均匀度指数会影响多样性指数,丰富度指数和均匀度指数越高,生物多样性就越高[52]。无脊椎动物综合多样性结果显示多样性性指数呈:三级潮沟 > 二级潮沟 > 一级潮沟,与国内外研究结论一致[5355]。不同级别潮沟水文连通强度不同,对于水文连通性较好的二级和三级潮沟生境条件更适应大部分无脊椎动物的生存繁殖,而水文连通性较差的一级潮沟对无脊椎动物的筛选更强,更多满足特定水文条件的无脊椎动物生存。本研究二级潮沟S2X样点综合多样性最低。综合关键物种指标结果显示,Nannopodidae科和沙蚕科为黄河三角洲潮沟无脊椎动物的重要关键类群,这些关键类群在无脊椎动物群落中与其他类群关系极其密切,为共现网络结构的重要节点,一旦移除这些类群极易影响区域内无脊椎动物群落结构稳定性[56]。上述关键类群在S2X样点检出较少,此外,沙蚕科,小头虫科等8个重要类群在该样点未出现。受部分重要类群缺失影响,潮沟无脊椎动物间物质、能量和信息交换减少,种间相互作用减弱,生物共现网络复杂性降低,导致群落结构不稳定,生物多样性降低。与之相反,三级潮沟区关键类群分布广泛、物种数多,区域内种间相互作用强烈,生物共现网络更加稳定,生物多样性较高。
黄河三角洲潮滩湿地水盐环境、底质条件和物质输入输出过程复杂多变,微地貌单元环境异质性较高,为无脊椎动物塑造了多元的栖息条件。受植被类型、水深、流速、水土理化性质等环境因子的带状分布和梯度变化影响,潮沟系统内无脊椎动物的群落组成和多样性空间差异大[9, 57]。唐诗琴等[58]在海珠湖的生态调查结果显示磷酸盐和电导率是影响无脊椎动物群落结构的主要环境因子。雅砻江下游大型底栖动物调查显示,温度是影响群落结构的重要环境因子[59]。本研究结果显示,水体硅酸盐含量、温度和沉积物粒径结构是影响潮沟内无脊椎动物群落特征的主要环境因子,其中硅酸盐与无脊椎动物具有显著相关性(P < 0.05)。无脊椎动物主要营底质内或底表栖息,主要取食浮游生物、底栖硅藻和水草碎屑。受潮沟区底质异质性影响,其群落结构组成具有明显差异[60]。本研究调查季节为秋季,黄河径流属于丰水期,河口区陆源输入增加,潮汐周期内水体营养盐含量变化剧烈[11]。一方面,硅酸盐含量变化与各级潮沟水动力条件密切相关,是反映底质和连通性差异的关键环境因子,因此成为区域内无脊椎动物群落的重要环境响应指标[21]。另一方面,作为水体硅藻繁殖必需的营养要素之一,硅酸盐含量对水体和底栖的初级生产力具有显著影响,是系统中无脊椎动物开展次级生产的重要基础营养盐类[6162]
本次研究相关性网络分析显示,硅酸盐、氨氮、粘土占比是影响无脊椎动物关键种组成的主要环境因子。Reece和Richardson[63]在研究无脊椎动物群落结构中,发现无脊椎动物丰度与硝态氮、亚硝态氮和总氮含量有关。吴东浩等[64]在浙江西苕溪无脊椎动物研究中发现氨氮含量是影响该地区底栖动物分布的关键环境因子。本研究结论与上述研究结论相似。在复杂的潮滩湿地生境中,潮沟区无脊椎动物关键种线围沙蚕受营养盐(硅酸盐、氨氮)含量影响,这是由于线围沙蚕的生长和繁殖需求。线围沙蚕喜欢栖息于富含有机质和硅藻的生境中,线围沙蚕幼虫时期主要以硅藻为食[65],而硅酸盐为硅藻的重要营养要素,因此营养盐含量影响着线围沙蚕的生长繁殖。此外,沉积物粒径也是影响潮沟区无脊椎动物关键种线围沙蚕的重要环境因子。粒径结构是水生无脊椎动物生长繁殖的重要底质基础,其分级占比、异质性、表面结构等是影响群落结构的重要环境因子[66]。在潮滩湿地软底质生境中,沉积物粒度是底栖动物群落结构与分布的主导因素[66]。有研究表明,沉积物理化性质是影响多毛类动物群落结构的环境因子[67]。此外,受潮沟水文特征影响,沉积物粒径具有空间异质性,因此影响本研究多毛类动物在潮沟区空间上的分布。在多数情况下,无脊椎群落受多个环境因子的耦合影响[68]。探讨无脊椎动物与环境因子关系时应考虑环境条件对无脊椎动物的综合影响。
(1)基于环境DNA宏条形码技术,黄河三角洲潮沟共检出无脊椎动物127个OTUs,隶属于9门24纲53目103科87属90种。节肢动物门占比最高,属水平上主要以围沙蚕属和矮胖猛水蚤属为主,各级别潮沟无脊椎动物群落具有差异。应用环境DNA宏条形码技术能够了解典型潮沟无脊椎动物群落结构,掌握无脊椎动物物种组成情况。
(2)无脊椎动物共现网络分析显示,典型潮沟关键种为线围沙蚕和双枝薮枝螅,是潮沟区无脊椎动物群落维持结构稳定的关键种。在潮间带生态系统监测中应优先关注上述物种,以避免群落内的连锁灭绝或生态系统功能发生改变。
(3)综合多样性指标结果显示,三级潮沟综合多样性最高,一级潮沟综合多样性指数最低。关键类群主导潮沟系统无脊椎动物群落分布格局,是影响潮沟无脊椎动物群落多样性的主要类群。
(4)冗余分析和相关性网络分析表明,硅酸盐含量与黄河三角洲无脊椎动物总丰度呈显著相关(P < 0.05)。关键种线围沙蚕与硅酸盐、粘土和NH4-N呈显著正相关(P < 0.05)。
  • 国家自然科学基金(42176160)
  • 国家自然科学基金(42276142)
  • 山东省自然科学基金(ZR2021MD084)
  • 山东省水文中心黄河三角洲水文连通及其对湿地生态系统健康驱动研究(SDGP370000000202302007881A001)
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2024年第46卷第11期
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doi: 10.12284/hyxb2024122
  • 接收时间:2024-07-16
  • 首发时间:2025-11-26
  • 出版时间:2024-11-01
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-16
  • 修回日期:2024-11-05
基金
国家自然科学基金(42176160)
国家自然科学基金(42276142)
山东省自然科学基金(ZR2021MD084)
山东省水文中心黄河三角洲水文连通及其对湿地生态系统健康驱动研究(SDGP370000000202302007881A001)
作者信息
    1.烟台大学 海洋学院,山东 烟台 264003
    2.中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所 海岸带生物学与生物资源保护实验室,山东 烟台 264003
    3.中国科学院 海岸带环境过程与生态修复重点实验室(烟台海岸带研究所),山东 烟台 264003

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*陈琳琳,博士,硕士生导师,主要从事海岸带生物多样性与生态连通性研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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