Article(id=1200503476661899461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1200503474099179701, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12284/hyxb2024120, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1721145600000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-17, revisedDate=1730131200000, revisedDateStr=2024-10-29, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764151933111, onlineDateStr=2025-11-26, pubDate=1730390400000, pubDateStr=2024-11-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764151933111, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764151933111, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764151933111, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1200503474099179701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2024', volume='46', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='134', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=0, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764151932500, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764152158172, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200504420711657480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1200503474099179701, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200504420711657481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1200503474099179701, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=53, endPage=64, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200503476900974800, articleId=1200503476661899461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Study on the process, causes and effects of a Gymnodinium catenatum bloom in the coastal waters of Fujian Province in 2017, columnId=1194652705852465724, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

During June 9th to 15th in 2017, the dynamic of Gymnodinium catenatum bloom along the coast of Hui’an County Fujian Province, were investigated. Six monitoring stations were established for marine environmental factors assessment over seven sampling trips. The water quality data from June 6th, along with the phytoplankton data collected in March and November 2017, was selected for comparative analysis. Furthermore, the survey results of dinoflagellate cysts and paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) in cultured shellfish were integrated to explore the relationship between dormant cysts and the bloom dynamics, as well as the patterns of PSP accumulation and elimination in cultured shellfish. The results revealed that during the bloom, conditions were characterized by sunny weather and favorable sea states, with water temperature ranging from 24.2℃ to 26.8℃ and the salinity between 30.4 and 33.2. The concentrations of nutrients were low, indicating oligotrophic conditions, while the density of G. catenatum peaked at 1.79×106 cells/L during the bloom period. The interplay of favorable hydro-meteorological conditions, N/P ratio and the trophic pattern of G. catenatum provided a basis for the evolution of the bloom, whereas adverse weather conditions primarily contributed to its decline. The average density of G. catenatum cysts in the surveyed sea area was 33.2 cysts/g, suggesting potential for these cysts to germinate into trophic cells, which could lead to the reemergence of the bloom and therefore it necessitates further attention. During the bloom period, both oysters and mussels rapidly accumulated high concentrations of PSP toxins, with levels directly proportional to G. catenatum density. Additionally, even low densities of G. catenatum posed a risk for PSP exceedances. Mussels exhibited a rapid accumulation and slow elimination of PSP, with a significantly greater capacity for toxin accumulation compared to oysters, while their elimination rate was significantly slower.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Haiyang Xuebao, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Guangyi Li, Baoqing Liu, Longzhan Huang), CN=ArticleExt(id=1200503480361275690, articleId=1200503476661899461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=2017年福建近海一次链状裸甲藻赤潮过程、成因和影响研究, columnId=1149698756456657529, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本文于2017年6月9−15日对发生在福建省惠安县近岸海域的一次链状裸甲藻(Gymnodinium catenatum)赤潮过程进行研究,共布设6个站位开展7个航次的海洋环境跟踪监测,并选取同年6月6日的水质和3月、11月的浮游植物数据同赤潮监测结果进行对比;同时结合甲藻包囊和养殖贝类的麻痹性贝毒(PSP)调查结果,探索休眠包囊与赤潮生消的关系,以期掌握养殖贝类体内PSP毒素的累积和排出规律。研究结果表明,赤潮发生时,天气晴朗,海况良好,水温和盐度分别介于24.2~26.8℃和30.4~33.2之间,营养盐含量较低,为贫营养水平,赤潮生物密度最高达到1.79 × 106 cells/L,适宜的水文气象条件和N/P以及链状裸甲藻的营养模式为赤潮的发生提供了基础,而恶劣的气象条件是导致赤潮消亡的主要原因。调查海域链状裸甲藻包囊平均密度为33.2 cysts/g,并有可能重新萌发成营养细胞,具有重新暴发赤潮的潜在性,需要引起重视。赤潮时牡蛎和贻贝短时间内即可富集高浓度的PSP毒素,并与赤潮生物的密度呈正比;低密度的链状裸甲藻也有可能引发PSP毒素超标;贻贝对PSP毒素具有富集快排出慢的特点,且富集能力远高于牡蛎,而排出速度则是明显较牡蛎慢。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《海洋学报》编辑部 2024, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=oUqSSPLzTaGrdUmU6JrSdg==, magXml=sCsX/W/GhvuuBMFE5UzdAA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=IovLnRMclMRo8rziymH2iw==, pdfFileSize=2263442, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=Uon+0qU10AHMNNOcVK2B9A==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=++akDVFvg6lOLJldKDtUFA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

李光毅(1993—),男,福建省厦门市人,工程师,主要从事海洋生态环境监测工作。E-mail:

, authorsList=李光毅, 刘保清, 黄龙展)}, authors=[Author(id=1200862280087892823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=1328663241@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200862280398271343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, authorId=1200862280087892823, language=EN, stringName=Guangyi Li, firstName=Guangyi, middleName=null, lastName=Li, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, 4, address=1. Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Monitoring and Restoration Technologies, Ministry of Nature Resources, Shanghai 201206, China
2. Joint Research Center for Ocean Engineering Ecological Safety, Xiamen 361108, China
3. Xiamen Ocean Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361101, China
4. Quanzhou Marine Environmental Monitoring and Forecasting Center, Quanzhou 362131, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200862280528294773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, authorId=1200862280087892823, language=CN, stringName=李光毅, firstName=光毅, middleName=null, lastName=李, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, 4, address=1.自然资源部海洋生态监测与修复技术重点实验室,上海 201206
2.海洋工程生态安全联合研究中心,福建 厦门 361108
3.自然资源部厦门海洋中心,福建 厦门 361101
4.泉州海洋环境监测预报中心,福建 泉州 362131, bio={"content":"

李光毅(1993—),男,福建省厦门市人,工程师,主要从事海洋生态环境监测工作。E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

李光毅(1993—),男,福建省厦门市人,工程师,主要从事海洋生态环境监测工作。E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200862279571993393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200862279580382002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, companyId=1200862279571993393, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Monitoring and Restoration Technologies, Ministry of Nature Resources, Shanghai 201206, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200862279605547829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, companyId=1200862279571993393, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.自然资源部海洋生态监测与修复技术重点实验室,上海 201206)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200862279693628217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200862279702016826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, companyId=1200862279693628217, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Joint Research Center for Ocean Engineering Ecological Safety, Xiamen 361108, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200862279706211131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, companyId=1200862279693628217, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.海洋工程生态安全联合研究中心,福建 厦门 361108)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200862279844623169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200862279853011778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, companyId=1200862279844623169, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. Xiamen Ocean Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361101, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200862279861400389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, companyId=1200862279844623169, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.自然资源部厦门海洋中心,福建 厦门 361101)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200862279983035215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200862279991423824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, companyId=1200862279983035215, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4. Quanzhou Marine Environmental Monitoring and Forecasting Center, Quanzhou 362131, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200862279999812434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, companyId=1200862279983035215, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.泉州海洋环境监测预报中心,福建 泉州 362131)])]), Author(id=1200862280658318211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200862280758981517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, authorId=1200862280658318211, language=EN, stringName=Baoqing Liu, firstName=Baoqing, middleName=null, lastName=Liu, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, 3, 4, address=2. Joint Research Center for Ocean Engineering Ecological Safety, Xiamen 361108, China
3. Xiamen Ocean Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361101, China
4. Quanzhou Marine Environmental Monitoring and Forecasting Center, Quanzhou 362131, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200862280859644816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, authorId=1200862280658318211, language=CN, stringName=刘保清, firstName=保清, middleName=null, lastName=刘, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, 3, 4, address=2.海洋工程生态安全联合研究中心,福建 厦门 361108
3.自然资源部厦门海洋中心,福建 厦门 361101
4.泉州海洋环境监测预报中心,福建 泉州 362131, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200862279693628217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200862279702016826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, companyId=1200862279693628217, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Joint Research Center for Ocean Engineering Ecological Safety, Xiamen 361108, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200862279706211131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, companyId=1200862279693628217, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.海洋工程生态安全联合研究中心,福建 厦门 361108)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200862279844623169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200862279853011778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, companyId=1200862279844623169, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. Xiamen Ocean Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361101, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200862279861400389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, companyId=1200862279844623169, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.自然资源部厦门海洋中心,福建 厦门 361101)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200862279983035215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200862279991423824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, companyId=1200862279983035215, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4. Quanzhou Marine Environmental Monitoring and Forecasting Center, Quanzhou 362131, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200862279999812434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, companyId=1200862279983035215, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.泉州海洋环境监测预报中心,福建 泉州 362131)])]), Author(id=1200862280930947992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200862281048388514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, authorId=1200862280930947992, language=EN, stringName=Longzhan Huang, firstName=Longzhan, middleName=null, lastName=Huang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, 3, 4, address=2. Joint Research Center for Ocean Engineering Ecological Safety, Xiamen 361108, China
3. Xiamen Ocean Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361101, China
4. Quanzhou Marine Environmental Monitoring and Forecasting Center, Quanzhou 362131, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200862282172461989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, authorId=1200862280930947992, language=CN, stringName=黄龙展, firstName=龙展, middleName=null, lastName=黄, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, 3, 4, address=2.海洋工程生态安全联合研究中心,福建 厦门 361108
3.自然资源部厦门海洋中心,福建 厦门 361101
4.泉州海洋环境监测预报中心,福建 泉州 362131, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200862279693628217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200862279702016826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, companyId=1200862279693628217, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Joint Research Center for Ocean Engineering Ecological Safety, Xiamen 361108, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200862279706211131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, companyId=1200862279693628217, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.海洋工程生态安全联合研究中心,福建 厦门 361108)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200862279844623169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200862279853011778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, companyId=1200862279844623169, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. Xiamen Ocean Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361101, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200862279861400389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, companyId=1200862279844623169, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.自然资源部厦门海洋中心,福建 厦门 361101)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200862279983035215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200862279991423824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, companyId=1200862279983035215, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4. Quanzhou Marine Environmental Monitoring and Forecasting Center, Quanzhou 362131, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200862279999812434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, companyId=1200862279983035215, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.泉州海洋环境监测预报中心,福建 泉州 362131)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1200862282365399987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=Gymnodinium catenatum), Keyword(id=1200862282461868982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=red tide), Keyword(id=1200862282549949371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=resting cysts), Keyword(id=1200862282659001277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=PSP), Keyword(id=1200862282839356353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=链状裸甲藻), Keyword(id=1200862282948408263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=赤潮), Keyword(id=1200862283044877256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=休眠包囊), Keyword(id=1200862283258786768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=麻痹性贝毒)], refs=[Reference(id=1200862287172071495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu Minlu, Gu Haifeng, Krock B, et al. Toxic dinoflagellate blooms of Gymnodinium catenatum and their cysts in Taiwan Strait and their relationship to global populations[J]. Harmful Algae, 2020, 97: 101868., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862287272734797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈楠生, 张梦佳, 刘淑雅, 等. 中国海域赤潮物种多样性[J]. 海洋与湖沼, 2023, 54(3): 599−624., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862287377592397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen Nansheng, Zhang Mengjia, Liu Shuya, et al. Diversity of HAB Species in coastal regions of China[J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 2023, 54(3): 599−624., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862287486644304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈火荣. 2017年福建海域链状裸甲藻赤潮事件应急处置与思考[J]. 渔业研究, 2018, 40(4): 308−314., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862287641833556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen Huorong. Emergency treatment and reflection of red tide event of Gymnodinium catenatum in Fujian sea area in 2017[J]. Journal of Fisheries Research, 2018, 40(4): 308−314., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862287792828503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王朝晖, Matsuoka K, 齐雨藻, 等. 有毒亚历山大藻(Alexandrium spp.)和链状裸甲藻(Gymnodinium catenatum)包囊在中国沿海的分布[J]. 海洋与湖沼, 2003, 34(4): 422−430., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862287927046238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Zhaohui, Matsuoka K, Qi Yuzao, et al. Distribution of cysts of toxic Alexandrium spp. and Gymnodinium catenatum along the Chinese coastal waters[J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 2003, 34(4): 422−430., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862288031903838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=范礼强, 郑关超, 吴海燕, 等. 贻贝对麻痹性贝类毒素的蓄积代谢研究进展[J]. 海洋科学, 2021, 45(4): 201−212., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862288157732964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fan Liqiang, Zheng Guanchao, Wu Haiyan, et al. Research progress on the accumulation and metabolism of paralytic shellfish toxin in mussels[J]. Marine Sciences, 2021, 45(4): 201−212., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862288245813353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=沈和定, 付金花, 冉福. 麻痹性贝毒在文蛤体内的累积及净化技术研究[J]. 海洋科学, 2011, 35(7): 45−50., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862288338088042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shen Heding, Fu Jinhua, Ran Fu. Accumulation and detoxification of paralytic shellfish poison(PSP) in hard clam Meretrix meretrix[J]. Marine Sciences, 2011, 35(7): 45−50., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862288421974128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李光毅, 郑崇荣, 杨凡, 等. 2008−2017年泉州市沿海赤潮灾害特征分析[J]. 海洋开发与管理, 2019, 36(7): 58−63., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862288551997557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=12, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li Guangyi, Zheng Chongrong, Yang Fan, et al. Analysis of characteristics of red tide disasters in coastal waters of Quanzhou from 2008 to 2017[J]. Ocean Development and Management, 2019, 36(7): 58−63., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862288635883643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局, 中国国家标准化管理委员会. GB/T 12763−2007, 海洋调查规范[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2008., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862288736546942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. GB/T 12763−2007, Specifications for oceanographic survey[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2008., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862288874958977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局, 中国国家标准化管理委员会. GB 17378−2007, 海洋监测规范[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2008., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862289009176709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. GB 17378−2007, The specification for marine monitoring[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2008., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862289093062792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王朝晖. 中国典型近海海域甲藻包囊分布及其与富营养化和赤潮生消关系研究[D]. 广州: 暨南大学, 2007., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862289223086224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Zhaohui. Distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in Chinese typical coastal areas and its relationships with eutrophication and algal bloom[D]. Guangzhou: Jinan University, 2007., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862289323749524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陆欣鑫. 华南沿海典型海域甲藻包囊地理分布及环境指示作用研究[D]. 广州: 暨南大学, 2016., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862289411829913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=20, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lu Xinxin. Biogeological distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in surface sediments from Southern Chinese coast and their roles as a signal of environmental changes[D]. Guangzhou: Jinan University, 2016., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862289516687517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=21, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=郭皓. 我国海域赤潮甲藻包囊形态与分布特征研究[D]. 大连: 大连海事大学, 2016., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862289608962209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=22, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Guo Hao. Studies on the characteristics of the morphology and distribution of red-tide Dinoflagellate cysts in China[D]. Dalian: Dalian Maritime University, 2016., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862289713819812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黄海燕, 陆斗定, 夏平, 等. 2006年冬季长江口海域表层沉积物中甲藻包囊的分类学研究[J]. 生态学报, 2009, 29(11): 5902−5911., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862289822871719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Huang Haiyan, Lu Douding, Xia Ping, et al. Taxonomic study of dinoflagellate cysts in Changjiang Estuary in the winter of 2006[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2009, 29(11): 5902−5911., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862289915146410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=25, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黄琳. 东、黄海海域沉积物中甲藻包囊的生态分布特征及其与海区污染关系研究[D]. 广州: 暨南大学, 2012., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862290045169837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=26, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Huang Lin. Ecological distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in the sediments of the East China Sea and Yellow Sea and its relationships with marine pollution[D]. Guangzhou: Ji’nan University, 2012., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862291236352176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=27, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中华人民共和国国家海洋局. HY/T 069−2005, 赤潮监测技术规程[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2005., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862291328626866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=28, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=State Oceanic Administration of the People’s Republic of China. HY/T 069−2005, Technical specification for red tide minitoring[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2005., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862291441873079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=29, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Justić D, Rabalais N N, Turner R E, et al. Changes in nutrient structure of river-dominated coastal waters: stoichiometric nutrient balance and its consequences[J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 1995, 40(3): 339−356., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862291525759163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=30, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Dortch Q, Whitledge T E. Does nitrogen or silicon limit phytoplankton production in the Mississippi River plume and nearby regions?[J]. Continental Shelf Research, 1992, 12(11): 1293−1309., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862291601256636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=31, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=史竞园. 我国福建沿海链状裸甲藻(Gymnodinium catenatum)毒素组成与环境响应特征研究[D]. 青岛: 中国科学院大学(中国科学院海洋研究所), 2023., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862291693531327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=32, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shi Jingyuan. Study on the toxin production and environmental response characteristics of Gymnodinium catenatum in the coastal waters of Fujian, China[D]. Qingdao: Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2023., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862291756445890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=33, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hallegraeff G M, McCausland M A, Brown R K. Early warning of toxic dinoflagellate blooms of Gymnodinium catenatum in southern Tasmanian waters[J]. Journal of Plankton Research, 1995, 17(6): 1163−1176., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862291831943365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=34, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang Caiyun, Lim P T, Li Xueding, et al. Wind-driven development and transport of Gymnodinium catenatum blooms along the coast of Fujian, China[J]. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 2020, 39: 101397., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862291924218057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=35, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张文. 不同环境因子对有害赤潮生物链状裸甲藻的生长和产毒的影响[D]. 广州: 暨南大学, 2009., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862292050047180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=36, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang Wen. Effect of different environment factors on the growth and toxin production of toxic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum Graham[D]. Guangzhou: Ji’nan University, 2009., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862292159099088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=22, rfOrder=37, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王颢, 石晓勇, 张传松, 等. 2004年春季东海赤潮高发区COD分布及其与赤潮关系的初步研究[J]. 海洋科学, 2008, 32(12): 82−86., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862292276539602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=22, rfOrder=38, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Hao, Shi Xiaoyong, Zhang Chuansong, et al. Primary studies on the COD distribution and relationship with HAB for high frequency HAB occurrence areas of the East China Sea in spring 2004[J]. Marine Sciences, 2008, 32(12): 82−86., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862292398174423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=39, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=林昱. 甲藻赤潮与水体中营养盐的关系初探[J]. 台湾海峡, 2001, 20(1): 77−79., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862292503032026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=40, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lin Yu. Preliminary study on the relationship between dinoflagellate red tide and nutrients[J]. Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait, 2001, 20(1): 77−79., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862292645638366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=41, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=纪焕红, 叶属峰, 刘星, 等. 南麂列岛海域浮游植物生态特征及甲藻赤潮频发原因[J]. 海洋科学进展, 2008, 26(2): 234−242., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862292830187742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=42, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ji Huanhong, Ye Shufeng, Liu Xing, et al. Ecological characteristics of phytoplankton and causes for frequent occurrence of dinoflagellate red tide in the Nanji Islands Sea Area[J]. Advances in Marine Science, 2008, 26(2): 234−242., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862292951822562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=25, rfOrder=43, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李青俞. 福建莆田海域指沟卡尔藻赤潮海洋监测浮标数据变化及成因分析[J]. 渔业研究, 2022, 44(5): 444−458., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862293056680165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=25, rfOrder=44, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li Qingyu. Analysis on the marine monitoring buoy data variation characteristics and cause of Karlodinium digitatum red tide in Putian sea area, Fujian Province[J]. Journal of Fisheries Research, 2022, 44(5): 444−458., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862293144760552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=26, rfOrder=45, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hallegraeff G M, Blackburn S I, Doblin M A, et al. Global toxicology, ecophysiology and population relationships of the chainforming PST dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum[J]. Harmful Algae, 2012, 14: 130−143., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862293203480812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=27, rfOrder=46, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Doblin M A, Thompson P A, Revill A T, et al. Vertical migration of the toxic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum under different concentrations of nutrients and humic substances in culture[J]. Harmful Algae, 2006, 5(6): 665−677., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862293274783983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=28, rfOrder=47, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=林卓如. 链状裸甲藻Gymnodinium catenatum中麻痹性贝毒分析及其在双壳类体内代谢动力学研究[D]. 青岛: 中国科学院大学(中国科学院海洋研究所), 2023., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862293346087153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=28, rfOrder=48, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lin Zhuoru. Analysis of paralytic shellfish toxins produced by dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum and their biokinetics in bivalves[D]. Qingdao: Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2023., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862293455139061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=29, rfOrder=49, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李光毅, 郑崇荣, 吴惠锴, 等. 湄洲湾海域甲藻包囊的时空分布初步调查[J]. 海洋学报, 2020, 42(8): 115−126., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862293543219448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=29, rfOrder=50, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li Guangyi, Zheng Chongrong, Wu Huikai, et al. A preliminary investigation of spatial and temporal distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in the Meizhou Bay[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2020, 42(8): 115−126., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862293639688445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=30, rfOrder=51, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李光毅, 刘保清, 邱勇, 等. 链状裸甲藻赤潮消亡过程及其与休眠包囊关系的初步研究[J]. 海洋学报, 2022, 44(8): 123−132., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862293727768830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=30, rfOrder=52, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li Guangyi, Liu Baoqing, Qiu Yong, et al. Preliminary study on the extinction of Gymnodinium catenatum bloom and its relationship with resting cysts[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2022, 44(8): 123−132., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862293845209346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=31, rfOrder=53, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bravo I, Fraga S, Figueroa R I, et al. Bloom dynamics and life cycle strategies of two toxic dinoflagellates in a coastal upwelling system (NW Iberian Peninsula)[J]. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 2010, 57(3/4): 222−234., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862293929095430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=32, rfOrder=54, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kang Y, Kim H J, Moon C H. Eutrophication driven by aquaculture fish farms controls phytoplankton and dinoflagellate cyst abundance in the Southern Coastal Waters of Korea[J]. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2021, 9(4): 362., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862293992009994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=33, rfOrder=55, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hallegraeff G M. A review of harmful algal blooms and their apparent global increase[J]. Phycologia, 1993, 32(2): 79−99., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862294059118862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=34, rfOrder=56, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Díaz P A, Molinet C, Seguel M, et al. Coupling planktonic and benthic shifts during a bloom of Alexandrium catenella in southern Chile: implications for bloom dynamics and recurrence[J]. Harmful Algae, 2014, 40: 9−22., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862294159782163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=35, rfOrder=57, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=唐赢中, 胡章喜, 邓蕴彦. 休眠包囊作为甲藻有害藻华年际频发和地理扩散一种关键机制的研究进展[J]. 海洋科学集刊, 2016(1): 132−154., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862294247862549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=35, rfOrder=58, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tang Yingzhong, Hu Zhangxi, Deng Yunyan. Characteristical life history (resting cyst) provides a mechanism for recurrence and geographic expansion of harmful algal blooms of dinoflagellates: a review[J]. Studia Marina Sinica, 2016(1): 132−154., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862294348525849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=36, rfOrder=59, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cosgrove S, Rathaille A N, Raine R. The influence of bloom intensity on the encystment rate and persistence of Alexandrium minutum in Cork Harbor, Ireland[J]. Harmful Algae, 2014, 31: 114−124., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862294432411931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=37, rfOrder=60, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Genovesi B, Laabir M, Masseret E, et al. Dormancy and germination features in resting cysts of Alexandrium tamarense species complex (Dinophyceae) can facilitate bloom formation in a shallow lagoon (Thau, southern France)[J]. Journal of Plankton Research, 2009, 31(10): 1209−1224., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862294495326494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=38, rfOrder=61, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=卞中园. 麻痹性贝毒在牡蛎体内蓄积、分布、转化以及羧甲基壳聚糖的脱除作用研究[D]. 湛江: 广东海洋大学, 2013., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862294558241057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=38, rfOrder=62, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bian Zhongyuan. Study on the accumulation, distribution, transformation for paralytic shellfish poisoning and the depuration of CM-chitosan in oyster[D]. Zhanjiang: Guangdong Ocean University, 2013., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862295778783524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=39, rfOrder=63, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=许翠娅. 链状裸甲藻所产麻痹性贝类毒素在翡翠贻贝体内的累积、转化和排出[J]. 海洋与湖沼, 2023, 54(5): 1363−1372., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862295858475304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=39, rfOrder=64, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xu Cuiya. Accumulation, transformation and depuration of paralytic shellfish toxins from dinoflagellate Gymnodimium catenatum in mussel Perna viridis[J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 2023, 54(5): 1363−1372., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862295938167084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=40, rfOrder=65, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张树刚, 刘亚林, 陈雷, 等. 浙南海域麻痹性贝毒研究[J]. 海洋环境科学, 2011, 30(5): 703−706., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862296013664559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=40, rfOrder=66, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang Shugang, Liu Yalin, Chen Lei, et al. Paralytic shellfish poison in south coastal waters of Zhejiang[J]. Marine Environmental Science, 2011, 30(5): 703−706., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862296084967729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=41, rfOrder=67, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨云辉. 福建水产养殖区多种麻痹性贝类毒素的检测研究[D]. 福州: 福建农林大学, 2018., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862296152076596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=41, rfOrder=68, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang Yunhui. Detection and analysis on Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in Fujian aquaculture area[D]. Fuzhou: Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 2018., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862296244351286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=42, rfOrder=69, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=汪宇. 贻贝中麻痹性贝类毒素的来源解析及其形成机制初步研究[D]. 上海: 上海海洋大学, 2020., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862296336625977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=42, rfOrder=70, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Yu. Source analysis of paralytic shellfish poisoning in mussels and preliminary study on its formation mechanism[D]. Shanghai: Shanghai Ocean University, 2020., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862296433094972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=43, rfOrder=71, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈光. 塔玛亚历山大藻所产麻痹性贝毒(PSP)在菲律宾蛤仔体内的累积与排出[D]. 青岛: 国家海洋局第一海洋研究所, 2008., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862296521175356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=43, rfOrder=72, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen Guang. Accumulation and elimination of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) from Alexandrium tamatense in Venerupis philippinaram[D]. Qingdao: The First Institute of Oceanography, Soa, 2008., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862296609255742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=44, rfOrder=73, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Mizuta M, Yamada K, Takata K, et al. Differences of accumulation and elimination of paralytic shellfish poisons among oyster, mussel and scallop[J]. Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi), 1999, 40(1): 19−22., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862296684753216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=45, rfOrder=74, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张海涛. 渤海贻贝中麻痹性贝类毒素来源解析、危害形成机制研究[D]. 连云港: 江苏海洋大学, 2022., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862296756056386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=45, rfOrder=75, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang Haitao. Studies on the source apportionment and damage mechanism of paralytic shellfish toxins in Mytilus galloprovincialis from the Bohai Sea[D]. Lianyungang: Jiangsu Ocean University, 2022., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862296827359556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=46, rfOrder=76, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李海杰, 张锦宏, 陈艳芳, 等. 一起赤潮后海产品麻痹性贝类毒素衰减结果分析[J]. 中国校医, 2022, 36(5): 333−335., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862296953188680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=46, rfOrder=77, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li Haijie, Zhang Jinhong, Chen Yanfang, et al. Analysis of PSP attenuation results of marine products after a red tide[J]. Chinese Journal of School Doctor, 2022, 36(5): 333−335., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862297058046282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=47, rfOrder=78, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=颜天, 傅萌, 李钧, 等. 麻痹性贝毒PSP在紫贻贝体内的累积、转化与排出[J]. 海洋与湖沼, 2001, 32(4): 420−427., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862297129349453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=47, rfOrder=79, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yan Tian, Fu Meng, Li Jun, et al. Accumulation, transformation and elimination of PSP in Mytilus edulis[J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 2001, 32(4): 420−427., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200862297230012752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=48, rfOrder=80, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bricelj V M, Shumway S E. Paralytic shellfish toxins in bivalve molluscs: occurrence, transfer kinetics, and biotransformation[J]. Reviews in Fisheries Science, 1998, 6(4): 315−383., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1200862286782001207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, awardId=MEMRT202104, language=CN, fundingSource=自然资源部海洋生态监测与修复技术重点实验室开放研究基金(MEMRT202104), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1200862286891053116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, awardId=2022−KF02, language=CN, fundingSource=福建省海洋藻类活性物质制备与功能开发重点实验室开放课题(2022−KF02), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200862279571993393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200862279580382002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, companyId=1200862279571993393, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Monitoring and Restoration Technologies, Ministry of Nature Resources, Shanghai 201206, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200862279605547829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, companyId=1200862279571993393, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.自然资源部海洋生态监测与修复技术重点实验室,上海 201206)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200862279693628217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200862279702016826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, companyId=1200862279693628217, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Joint Research Center for Ocean Engineering Ecological Safety, Xiamen 361108, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200862279706211131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, companyId=1200862279693628217, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.海洋工程生态安全联合研究中心,福建 厦门 361108)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200862279844623169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200862279853011778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, companyId=1200862279844623169, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. Xiamen Ocean Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361101, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200862279861400389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, companyId=1200862279844623169, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.自然资源部厦门海洋中心,福建 厦门 361101)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200862279983035215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200862279991423824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, companyId=1200862279983035215, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4. Quanzhou Marine Environmental Monitoring and Forecasting Center, Quanzhou 362131, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200862279999812434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, companyId=1200862279983035215, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.泉州海洋环境监测预报中心,福建 泉州 362131)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1200862283502056411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Monitoring stations, figureFileSmall=vjuayY/3tYXqa6u+0MwVhA==, figureFileBig=IQARCDDQCAaaytYCNU13ug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200862283611108320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, language=CN, label=图1, caption=监测站位, figureFileSmall=vjuayY/3tYXqa6u+0MwVhA==, figureFileBig=IQARCDDQCAaaytYCNU13ug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200862283774686182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Variation in maximum cell density of Gymnodinium catenatum, figureFileSmall=FVpWK3zrMXNpa517YPgW/w==, figureFileBig=uhxzwPNAgdIkbiLgNJBrhg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200862283862766569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, language=CN, label=图2, caption=链状裸甲藻最高细胞密度变化, figureFileSmall=FVpWK3zrMXNpa517YPgW/w==, figureFileBig=uhxzwPNAgdIkbiLgNJBrhg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200862283934069740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Trends in rainfall, air temperature and wind speed before and after red tide, figureFileSmall=UjhV5k1e5Vjw2S1o4sq0vA==, figureFileBig=0reU4L6PGKJG4iroIe/Gog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200862284051510257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, language=CN, label=图3, caption=赤潮前后降雨量、气温及风速变化趋势, figureFileSmall=UjhV5k1e5Vjw2S1o4sq0vA==, figureFileBig=0reU4L6PGKJG4iroIe/Gog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200862284164756471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Trends in environmental factors during the survey period, figureFileSmall=rv6HHmFnyOBc6ouDsS6/Ww==, figureFileBig=DFr4KeZ061hYjDuQpTOqvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200862284269614075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, language=CN, label=图4, caption=调查期间理化环境因子变化趋势, figureFileSmall=rv6HHmFnyOBc6ouDsS6/Ww==, figureFileBig=DFr4KeZ061hYjDuQpTOqvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200862284345110528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Trends in PO4-P during the survey period, figureFileSmall=OOZTzJb5cnWfIHRiCWNJBg==, figureFileBig=vFN36KWW5tMgi2X3Yzkndw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200862284416413700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, language=CN, label=图5, caption=调查期间PO4-P变化趋势, figureFileSmall=OOZTzJb5cnWfIHRiCWNJBg==, figureFileBig=vFN36KWW5tMgi2X3Yzkndw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200862284491911177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Trends in DIN during the survey period, figureFileSmall=lPahecGRFpf4gYtrZLgPWQ==, figureFileBig=yfjqOryCyK9eNW7T9IBTkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200862284588380174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, language=CN, label=图6, caption=调查期间无机氮变化趋势, figureFileSmall=lPahecGRFpf4gYtrZLgPWQ==, figureFileBig=yfjqOryCyK9eNW7T9IBTkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200862284668071955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Trends in E and N/P during the survey period, figureFileSmall=lzb67B4kT0bJlZISRiB9nw==, figureFileBig=X3Q2ozbPAGxY329HZ9SUIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200862284747763730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, language=CN, label=图7, caption=调查期间E值和N/P变化趋势, figureFileSmall=lzb67B4kT0bJlZISRiB9nw==, figureFileBig=X3Q2ozbPAGxY329HZ9SUIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200862284848427033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Variations in cysts density of Gymnodinium catenatum, figureFileSmall=LlBF/YJEvwei+TtsJ2i/XA==, figureFileBig=v2vVcoB18rYDOS7lZJLFvw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200862284953284638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, language=CN, label=图8, caption=链状裸甲藻包囊密度变化, figureFileSmall=LlBF/YJEvwei+TtsJ2i/XA==, figureFileBig=v2vVcoB18rYDOS7lZJLFvw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200862285091696675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Results of PSP detection in mussel samples

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
采样时间采样地点样品种类PSP/[(Mu·(100 g)−1]
2017−06−12崇武贻贝6344.8
2017−06−19崇武贻贝1486.0
2017−06−26崇武贻贝2288
2017−07−03崇武贻贝354.6
2017−07−10崇武贻贝2240.0
2017−07−17崇武贻贝1689.2
2017−07−24崇武贻贝275.1
2017−08−03崇武贻贝2638.3
2017−08−08崇武贻贝655.7
2017−08−14崇武贻贝315.2
2017−08−21崇武贻贝ND
2017−08−28崇武贻贝ND
), ArticleFig(id=1200862285200748582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

贻贝样品PSP检测结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
采样时间采样地点样品种类PSP/[(Mu·(100 g)−1]
2017−06−12崇武贻贝6344.8
2017−06−19崇武贻贝1486.0
2017−06−26崇武贻贝2288
2017−07−03崇武贻贝354.6
2017−07−10崇武贻贝2240.0
2017−07−17崇武贻贝1689.2
2017−07−24崇武贻贝275.1
2017−08−03崇武贻贝2638.3
2017−08−08崇武贻贝655.7
2017−08−14崇武贻贝315.2
2017−08−21崇武贻贝ND
2017−08−28崇武贻贝ND
), ArticleFig(id=1200862285309800491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Results of PSP detection in oyster samples

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
采样时间样品种类PSP/[Mu·(100 g)−1]
崇武大港湾东周半岛
2017−06−12牡蛎5405.4589.45263.8
2017−06−19牡蛎651.6355766.3
2017−06−26牡蛎NDND221.3
2017−07−03牡蛎NDND184.1
2017−07−10牡蛎ND
2017−07−17牡蛎  ND
), ArticleFig(id=1200862285498544175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200503476661899461, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

牡蛎样品PSP检测结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
采样时间样品种类PSP/[Mu·(100 g)−1]
崇武大港湾东周半岛
2017−06−12牡蛎5405.4589.45263.8
2017−06−19牡蛎651.6355766.3
2017−06−26牡蛎NDND221.3
2017−07−03牡蛎NDND184.1
2017−07−10牡蛎ND
2017−07−17牡蛎  ND
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1146441459026210850, delFlag=0, nameCn=海洋学报, nameEn=Haiyang Xuebao, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=0253-4193, eissn=null, cn=11-2055/P, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=否, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=uYi7hkkrve+l8pIcwqcaQQ==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=null, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1751262543687, updatedTime=1761729782936, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=H, firstLetterEn=H, subjectCode=Natural Sciences, subjectName=Natural Sciences, subjectCodeEn=Natural Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=uYi7hkkrve+l8pIcwqcaQQ==, picEn=C0WLQb7uW3ok8EkkVOAGuw==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1190344242636624294, language=CN, name=海洋学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.hyxbocean.cn/, createdTime=1761729782971, updatedTime=1761729782971, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://www.hyxb.org.cn/aos/ch/author/login.aspx, submissionEditorUrl=http://www.hyxb.org.cn/aos/ch/login.aspx, submissionReviewUrl=http://www.hyxb.org.cn/aos/ch/auditor/login.aspx, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1190344242712121767, language=EN, name=Haiyang Xuebao, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.aosocean.com/, createdTime=1761729782989, updatedTime=1761729782989, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://www.hyxb.org.cn/aos/ch/author/login.aspx, submissionEditorUrl=http://www.hyxb.org.cn/aos/ch/login.aspx, submissionReviewUrl=http://www.hyxb.org.cn/aos/ch/auditor/login.aspx, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1149651085930835976, websiteList=[Website(id=1188165202219512001, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1149651085930835976, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1761210259251, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761210330879, updateBy=18614031015, name=海洋学报-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=海洋学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1188166688563413602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761210613623, updateTime=1761210613623, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166688538247775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761210613617, updateTime=1761210613617, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166688529859166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN/file/pic?fileId=BDEio/cxHnid8OD4QxrAYQ==, createTime=1761210613615, updateTime=1761210613615, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166688555024993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1761210613621, updateTime=1761210613621, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166688546636384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1761210613619, updateTime=1761210613619, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166688575996515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761210613626, updateTime=1761210613626, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166688596968036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761210613631, updateTime=1761210613631, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1188165202282426564, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1149651085930835976, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1761210259266, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761210377920, updateBy=18614031015, name=海洋学报-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Haiyang Xuebao, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1188166798101856873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761210639739, updateTime=1761210639739, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166798076691046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761210639733, updateTime=1761210639733, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166798068302437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/EN/file/pic?fileId=BDEio/cxHnid8OD4QxrAYQ==, createTime=1761210639731, updateTime=1761210639731, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166798093468264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1761210639737, updateTime=1761210639737, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166798085079655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1761210639735, updateTime=1761210639735, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166798106051178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761210639740, updateTime=1761210639740, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166798110245483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761210639741, updateTime=1761210639741, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=海洋学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=http://www.hyxbocean.cn/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Haiyang Xuebao, journalPhotoCn=uYi7hkkrve+l8pIcwqcaQQ==, journalPhotoEn=C0WLQb7uW3ok8EkkVOAGuw==, journalFirstLetter=H, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN/10.12284/hyxb2024120, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/EN/10.12284/hyxb2024120, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN/PDF/10.12284/hyxb2024120, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/EN/PDF/10.12284/hyxb2024120, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
2017年福建近海一次链状裸甲藻赤潮过程、成因和影响研究
收藏切换
PDF下载
李光毅 1, 2, 3, 4 , 刘保清 2, 3, 4 , 黄龙展 2, 3, 4
海洋学报 | 论文 2024,46(11): 53-64
收起
收藏切换
海洋学报 | 论文 2024, 46(11): 53-64
2017年福建近海一次链状裸甲藻赤潮过程、成因和影响研究
全屏
李光毅1, 2, 3, 4 , 刘保清2, 3, 4, 黄龙展2, 3, 4
作者信息
  • 1.自然资源部海洋生态监测与修复技术重点实验室,上海 201206
  • 2.海洋工程生态安全联合研究中心,福建 厦门 361108
  • 3.自然资源部厦门海洋中心,福建 厦门 361101
  • 4.泉州海洋环境监测预报中心,福建 泉州 362131
  • 李光毅(1993—),男,福建省厦门市人,工程师,主要从事海洋生态环境监测工作。E-mail:

Study on the process, causes and effects of a Gymnodinium catenatum bloom in the coastal waters of Fujian Province in 2017
Guangyi Li1, 2, 3, 4 , Baoqing Liu2, 3, 4, Longzhan Huang2, 3, 4
Affiliations
  • 1. Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Monitoring and Restoration Technologies, Ministry of Nature Resources, Shanghai 201206, China
  • 2. Joint Research Center for Ocean Engineering Ecological Safety, Xiamen 361108, China
  • 3. Xiamen Ocean Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361101, China
  • 4. Quanzhou Marine Environmental Monitoring and Forecasting Center, Quanzhou 362131, China
出版时间: 2024-11-01 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2024120
文章导航
收藏切换

本文于2017年6月9−15日对发生在福建省惠安县近岸海域的一次链状裸甲藻(Gymnodinium catenatum)赤潮过程进行研究,共布设6个站位开展7个航次的海洋环境跟踪监测,并选取同年6月6日的水质和3月、11月的浮游植物数据同赤潮监测结果进行对比;同时结合甲藻包囊和养殖贝类的麻痹性贝毒(PSP)调查结果,探索休眠包囊与赤潮生消的关系,以期掌握养殖贝类体内PSP毒素的累积和排出规律。研究结果表明,赤潮发生时,天气晴朗,海况良好,水温和盐度分别介于24.2~26.8℃和30.4~33.2之间,营养盐含量较低,为贫营养水平,赤潮生物密度最高达到1.79 × 106 cells/L,适宜的水文气象条件和N/P以及链状裸甲藻的营养模式为赤潮的发生提供了基础,而恶劣的气象条件是导致赤潮消亡的主要原因。调查海域链状裸甲藻包囊平均密度为33.2 cysts/g,并有可能重新萌发成营养细胞,具有重新暴发赤潮的潜在性,需要引起重视。赤潮时牡蛎和贻贝短时间内即可富集高浓度的PSP毒素,并与赤潮生物的密度呈正比;低密度的链状裸甲藻也有可能引发PSP毒素超标;贻贝对PSP毒素具有富集快排出慢的特点,且富集能力远高于牡蛎,而排出速度则是明显较牡蛎慢。

链状裸甲藻  /  赤潮  /  休眠包囊  /  麻痹性贝毒

During June 9th to 15th in 2017, the dynamic of Gymnodinium catenatum bloom along the coast of Hui’an County Fujian Province, were investigated. Six monitoring stations were established for marine environmental factors assessment over seven sampling trips. The water quality data from June 6th, along with the phytoplankton data collected in March and November 2017, was selected for comparative analysis. Furthermore, the survey results of dinoflagellate cysts and paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) in cultured shellfish were integrated to explore the relationship between dormant cysts and the bloom dynamics, as well as the patterns of PSP accumulation and elimination in cultured shellfish. The results revealed that during the bloom, conditions were characterized by sunny weather and favorable sea states, with water temperature ranging from 24.2℃ to 26.8℃ and the salinity between 30.4 and 33.2. The concentrations of nutrients were low, indicating oligotrophic conditions, while the density of G. catenatum peaked at 1.79×106 cells/L during the bloom period. The interplay of favorable hydro-meteorological conditions, N/P ratio and the trophic pattern of G. catenatum provided a basis for the evolution of the bloom, whereas adverse weather conditions primarily contributed to its decline. The average density of G. catenatum cysts in the surveyed sea area was 33.2 cysts/g, suggesting potential for these cysts to germinate into trophic cells, which could lead to the reemergence of the bloom and therefore it necessitates further attention. During the bloom period, both oysters and mussels rapidly accumulated high concentrations of PSP toxins, with levels directly proportional to G. catenatum density. Additionally, even low densities of G. catenatum posed a risk for PSP exceedances. Mussels exhibited a rapid accumulation and slow elimination of PSP, with a significantly greater capacity for toxin accumulation compared to oysters, while their elimination rate was significantly slower.

Gymnodinium catenatum  /  red tide  /  resting cysts  /  PSP
李光毅, 刘保清, 黄龙展. 2017年福建近海一次链状裸甲藻赤潮过程、成因和影响研究. 海洋学报, 2024 , 46 (11) : 53 -64 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2024120
Guangyi Li, Baoqing Liu, Longzhan Huang. Study on the process, causes and effects of a Gymnodinium catenatum bloom in the coastal waters of Fujian Province in 2017[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2024 , 46 (11) : 53 -64 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2024120
链状裸甲藻(Gymnodinium catenatum)是产生麻痹性贝毒(Paralytic shellfish poisoning, PSP)的主要藻种之一,是典型的有毒赤潮藻,该藻引起的赤潮严重危害水产养殖业和人类健康。链状裸甲藻在全世界已多次形成赤潮[1],也在我国的海州湾、辽东湾、泉州和漳州海域等地暴发过赤潮[2]。其中2017年泉州和漳州海域的链状裸甲藻赤潮是福建省有赤潮记录以来,该种首次在福建近岸海域形成赤潮,且此次赤潮导致多人PSP中毒送医,水产养殖业受损严重,直接经济损失巨大[3]。同时其包囊在我国沿海广泛分布[4]
PSP是世界范围内分布最广、危害最大的一种赤潮藻毒素,严重危害人类健康并造成经济损失。该毒素主要是由海水中的亚历山大藻(Alexandrium)、裸甲藻(Gymnodinium)、盾甲藻(Pyrodinium)等甲藻及生活在淡水中的蓝绿藻产生。贝类滤食这些有毒藻类, 造成毒素在体内富集,并通过食物链传递至人类,造成人员中毒甚至死亡[5]。据统计,全球平均每年发生麻痹性贝毒中毒事件约2000起,死亡率15%;国内也发生过多起PSP 引起的中毒事件,主要集中在福建、广东、香港和台湾等南方沿海地区[6]
惠安县位于福建省东南沿海,东濒台湾海峡,南临泉州湾,北接湄洲湾,海岸线蜿蜒曲折,是泉州市赤潮暴发的重灾区之一[7]。惠安县近岸海域是2017年泉州市链状裸甲藻赤潮主要暴发区域,本文根据此次惠安县近岸海域链状裸甲藻赤潮发生时环境因素的现场调查数据,并结合赤潮发生前后的监测数据,分析了赤潮生物和各环境因素的变化趋势,探讨了链状裸甲藻赤潮生消过程与各环境因素之间的关系,以期为链状裸甲藻赤潮的预报、预警能力和提供数据积累和科学依据;并对赤潮中心区域的甲藻包囊进行调查,以期了解赤潮与休眠包囊的关系;同时对周边养殖贝类的PSP进行连续跟踪监测,掌握该藻产生的PSP在养殖贝类体内的累积和排出规律,为海洋行政管理部门对有毒赤潮发生后水产品质量安全的管控提供决策依据。
本文在惠安县赤潮发生海域共布设6个站位(A1−A6),于2017年6月9日至15日对赤潮发生情况进行连续监测(每日上午9−11点采样1次),共计监测6次,其中A5和A6站位开始监测的时间为2017年6月12日。同时选取2017年3月17日和11月10日惠安县崇武海域的浮游植物数据(C1−C7站位)和2017年6月6日惠安县近岸海域的水质数据(D1−D3站位,D3同A3站位一致)进行对比。
在2018年5月29日(春季)、8月20日(夏季)、11月19日(秋季)和2019年2月18日(冬季)对A4站位的甲藻包囊进行调查。PSP毒素的调查时间为2017年6月12日至8月28日,期间每隔1周在赤潮周边养殖海域布设3个站位(S1−S3),采集养殖贝类开展检测工作,当贝类体内PSP连续两次未检出时,停止该站位的采样和检测工作。监测站位详见图1
本文中的日平均气温、风向风速和降雨数据通过国家海洋局崇武海洋环境监测站布设在崇武镇的气象观测场获取。
采集表层海水进行环境因子分析,水样的采集、现场处理和分析测定均按《海洋调查规范》(GB 12763−2007)[8]和《海洋监测规范》(GB 17378–2007)[9]中规定的方法进行。采用Cond3210型电导率仪和pH3210型酸度计现场测定各站位表层海水的水温、盐度和pH,用碘量法、碱性高锰酸盐法、萘乙二胺分光光度法、锌镉还原法、次溴酸盐氧化法和磷钼蓝分光光度法分别测定溶解氧(DO)、化学需氧量(COD)、亚硝酸盐(NO2-N)、硝酸盐(NO3-N)、氨氮(NH4-N)和活性磷酸盐(PO4-P)。无机氮(DIN)浓度为NO2-N、NO3-N、NH4-N三者总和。
浮游植物调查是用有机玻璃采水器采集表层水样1 L,用Lugol’s溶液固定,带回实验室静置沉淀,24 h后用包裹筛绢(孔径为0.077 mm)的虹吸管轻轻吸去上清液,浓缩至10~500 mL(浓缩的最终体积视浮游植物细胞密度而定)。使用Olympus BX41显微镜进行种类鉴定和细胞计数,每个样品计数3遍,取其平均值。
用QNC7-1型抓斗式采泥器采集HA04站位的表层沉积物,采集3次,取3份上表层(0~2 cm)沉积物样品充分混合,用塑封袋密封,放入4℃冰箱中避光保存,带回实验室分析。取适量沉积物样品分成两份,其中一份(约5 g)放在60℃烘箱中烘干至恒重,用来测定样品的含水率;另一份(约5 g)用过滤海水稀释后超声波处理2 min,依次通过125 μm和20 μm尼龙筛网,此步骤重复多次,直至获得较为清澈的过滤液,收集20 μm尼龙筛网中的沉积物样品,定容至10 mL,然后加入5%中性福尔马林固定。每份包囊样品重复观察3次,取其平均值。包囊密度以每克干重沉积物中的包囊数表示(cysts/g)。包囊鉴定主要参照文献[1014]。
采集的贝类样品为人工吊养的贻贝和牡蛎,其中S1站位采集的样品为贻贝和牡蛎,S2和S3站位采集的样品均为牡蛎。贝类样品采集后,立即用洁净的海水洗去贝类外壳的附着物,将贝肉和贝壳分离,用洁净纱布吸干贝肉表面多余的水分,冷藏送至实验室进行PSP检测。PSP的检测方法参照《海洋监测规范》(GB 17378–2007)[9]。选择ICR系雄性小白鼠,进行腹腔注射,每只约18~20 g,实验小白鼠购自上海伊莱克斯实验动物中心。所测麻痹性贝毒的毒力用100 g贝类软组织含有的鼠单位(Mu)表示,1个鼠单位的定义是15 min内杀死一只20 g重小白鼠的腹腔注射剂量。
采用Excel 2020软件和SPSS 19.0软件,对原始数据进行统计分析;采用Origin 2022.0软件进行绘图。采用ArcMap10.8.1软件绘制采样站位图。采用富营养化指数(E)公式评价海水富营养化状况,计算公式为
$ E= \mathrm{C}_{\mathrm{COD}} \times \mathrm{C}_{\mathrm{PO_4-P}} \times \mathrm{C}_{ \mathrm{DIN}} \times 10^6/4\;500\text{,} $
式中:E为富营养化指数;CCOD为化学需氧量含量(mg/L);CDIN为无机氮含量(mg/L);${\mathrm{C}}_{{{\mathrm{PO}}_{4}}-{\mathrm{P}}} $为活性磷酸盐含量(mg/L)。评价标准E<1 为贫营养,1≤E<2.0 为轻度富营养, 2.0≤E<5.0 为中度富营养, 5.0≤E<15.0 为重富营养,E≥15 为严重富营养。
6月9日惠安县崇武海域发生链状裸甲藻赤潮,水体呈暗红色,以条带状漂浮在海面,面积约7 km2,链状裸甲藻最高密度为8.17 × 105 cells/L。6月10日和11日,链状裸甲藻赤潮继续发展,面积扩大到10 km2,最高密度达到1.79 × 106 cells/L,10日和11日的面积和密度均相差不大。12日崇武海域赤潮开始消散,面积缩小到1.5 km2,最高密度锐减为8.20 × 105 cells/L;同时在东周半岛海域发生小面积的链状裸甲藻赤潮,面积约1.5 km2,最高密度为6.10 × 105 cells/L;同日对大港湾海域进行监视监测,发现水色未见明显异常,但海域中检出低密度的链状裸甲藻,密度为5.0 × 104 cells/L,未达到赤潮基准密度(5.0 × 105 cells/L)[15]。6月13−15日受台风“苗柏”的影响,惠安县近岸海域出现大风大浪和强降雨,监测海域水色恢复正常,且均未检测到链状裸甲藻,赤潮完全消散。详见图2
赤潮暴发前,惠安县于6月5日出现一次2.9 mm的降雨,同日日平均气温最低,为23℃,随后气温逐渐升高;风向以东北风为主,平均风力3~4级,但从6月6日盛行西南风,平均风力2~3级。赤潮暴发期间,天气晴朗,气温逐日上升,最高气温为6月12日的28.3℃,风向以西南风为主,平均风力2~3级。赤潮消亡期间,惠安县出现大风大雨,降水量均在20 mm以上,风力均在4级以上,风向也从西南风转为东北风,日平均气温也逐日下降,最低为15日的21.4℃,详见图3
调查期间,崇武海域的水温介于24.2~26.8℃之间,受气温影响,随时间呈先升后降的变化趋势,在6月12日达到最高值(图4a);盐度呈波动变化,介于30.4~33.2之间,在6月14日达到最低值(图4b);pH值变化范围为7.93~8.35,赤潮发生期间(6月9−12日)pH值均在8.25以上,6月12日pH值明显表现为崇武>东周半岛>大港湾,而在赤潮消亡期间,3个调查海域的pH值相差不大(图4c);6月6日DO含量为5.68 mg/L,饱和度仅为82%,而在赤潮期间最高值达到10.71 mg/L,饱和度达到158%,12日的DO含量和东周半岛较为接近,远高于大港湾,但赤潮消亡期间,3个海域相差不大(图4d);COD变化范围为0.37~5.13 mg/L,在6月11日最高,符合劣四类水质标准,整体呈先上升后下降的变化趋势(图4e)。
图5图6可知,崇武、大港湾、东周半岛3个调查海域的PO4-P和DIN含量随着赤潮的发展均发生了显著变化(p<0.05)。崇武、大港湾和东周半岛海域的PO4-P含量变化范围分别为0.00160.0143 mg/L、0.00110.0261 mg/L、0.00160.0161 mg/L,均在二(三)类水质标准以上。赤潮发生期间,3个海域的PO4-P含量显著降低,在6月12日和13日达到最低值,随后开始逐渐回升(图5)。
崇武、大港湾、东周半岛海域DIN含量分别介于0.031~0.176 mg/L、0.069~0.325 mg/L、0.079~0.180 mg/L之间,崇武和大港湾DIN含量呈先降后升趋势,在赤潮发展期间含量较低,东周半岛则是波动变化,且崇武和东周半岛海域均符合第一类海水水质标准,而大港湾则在6月15日回升了到第三类海水水质标准。通过对调查海域的无机氮组成进行分析,发现调查期间NO3-N 和NH4-N 是DIN 的主要组成成分,NO2-N 的占比较低。崇武、大港湾和东周半岛海域NO3-N/ NH4-N分别介于0.32~3.38、0.06~1.39、0.30~1.14之间,6月6月3个海域NO3-N含量均略高于NH4-N含量,崇武海域赤潮发生期间NO3-N与NH4-N的比例处于波动状态,消亡时则是逐渐转为NO3-N占优势;大港湾和东周半岛NO3-N/ NH4-N除 6月12日和6月14日分别达到最低值0.06和0.030外,其他时间均在1左右。
图7可以看出,整个赤潮发生期间,除了大港湾在6月14日为中度富营养外,其他时间3个海域均为贫营养,崇武海域E值均在0.5以下。根据Justić等[16]、Dortch和Whitledge[17]基于Redfield 比值进一步提出的营养盐限制标准,即若N/P<10,则DIN为相对限制因子;若N/P>22,则PO4-P为相对限制因子。结合图7可知,3个海域在6月12日和13日受到P限制,其他时间则未出现相对限制情况。
崇武海域4个航次共鉴定出甲藻包囊5大类37种和1种未定种,其中原多甲藻类最多,共19种;其次是膝沟藻类和裸甲藻类,分别为7种和5种;钙质类和翼甲藻类各1种。包囊密度介于481.6~826.7 cysts/g之间,其中春季最高,夏季最低,平均为592.2 cysts/g。链状裸甲藻包囊在4个航次中均有发现,密度变化范围为27.8~37.8 cysts/g,平均密度为33.2 cysts/g,秋季最高,夏季最低(图8)。该包囊占总包囊密度的比例不高,最高仅为7.1%。
崇武海域2017年3月和11月两个航次共鉴定浮游植物2门51种,其中硅藻门41种,甲藻门10种。3月航次浮游植物细胞密度介于6.30 × 103~1.46 × 104 cells/L之间,平均为1.12 × 104 cells/L;11月航次细胞密度介于7.67 × 103~1.55 × 104 cells/L之间,平均为1.02 × 104 cells/L。有毒藻种共发现两种,为链状裸甲藻和塔玛亚历山大藻,3月航次并未发现这两种甲藻,仅在11月航次的C1站位中发现,密度分别为2.25 × 103 cells/L和7.50 × 102 cells/L。
表1可知,崇武海域贻贝体内的PSP毒素含量随时间呈波动变化,多个批次的检测结果超出食用安全标准[400 Mu/(100 g)],直到两个月后才未检出;6月12日含量最高,达到6344.8 Mu/(100 g),是食用安全标准的15.9倍。3个海域牡蛎体内的PSP毒素含量随时间呈下降趋势,崇武海域和大港湾在半个月后未检出,东周半岛海域半个月后毒素含量低于食用安全标准,约1个月后未检出。崇武、大港湾和东周半岛海域牡蛎体内PSP毒素含量最高值分别为5405.4 Mu/(100 g)、589.4 Mu/(100 g)和5263.8 Mu/(100 g),1个星期后毒素含量仅占最高值的12.1%、60.2%和14.6%,详见表2
链状裸甲藻赤潮形成的原因是多方面的,风、海况、光照、水温、盐度和营养盐等因素都会影响链状裸甲藻的生长。惠安县近岸海域赤潮发生时,天气晴朗,风向以西南风为主,风力为2~3级,良好的天气和海况给赤潮生物的快速繁殖提供了较好的条件,而且西南风向更有利于赤潮生物向近岸聚集,加速赤潮的形成。而在赤潮消亡时,台风“苗柏”给惠安县近岸海域带来了大风大浪、强降雨和降温天气。链状裸甲藻细胞裸露无外壳保护,较大的风浪容易导致细胞受损和破裂,因此大风大浪加速了链状裸甲藻赤潮的消亡。
链状裸甲藻是广温广盐种,根据其最适温度可主要分为暖水生态型和冷水生态型,暖水生态型的链状裸甲藻赤潮多发生于水温高于20℃的海域中,如菲律宾马尼拉湾、连云港海州湾和深圳盐田港等;而冷水生态型的赤潮则是多发生于水温低于18℃的水体中,如西班牙加利西亚下海湾、日本Inokushi湾和澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚南部河口[18]。惠安县近岸海域链状裸甲藻赤潮暴发时水温介于24.2~26.8℃之间,表明该海域的链状裸甲藻属于暖水生态型。史竞园[18]对福建厦门湾的链状裸甲藻进行生长试验,发现其存活温度范围在15~30℃之间,其中20℃最利于生长;而Liu等[1]却发现同为厦门株系的链状裸甲藻生长的最适温度为23℃,这均低于惠安县近岸海域赤潮暴发时的温度,可见赤潮暴发时的温度不一定是赤潮生物生长的最适温度。Hallegraeff等[19]认为温度是调控链状裸甲藻赤潮发生与消亡的最主要的环境因子,气候变化事件也可通过影响海水温度而引发赤潮,Zhang等[20]推测此次链状裸甲藻赤潮可能与拉尼娜现象有关。在盐度方面,香港株的最适盐度为28[21],厦门株的最适盐度范围是25~35[18],但盐度25时生长率最高,而本次赤潮暴发时的盐度范围介于30.4~33.2之间,这也表明了赤潮暴发时的盐度与赤潮生物生长的最适盐度不一定一致。
赤潮发生前后,链状裸甲藻密度与pH、DO、COD呈极显著正相关关系(p<0.01),且pH和溶解氧在赤潮前后的变化规律非常相似,均表现为赤潮前期较低,赤潮发展时明显升高,而在赤潮消亡时急剧下降。这主要是因为藻类光合作用产氧,赤潮暴发时大量吸收水体中的CO2并释放O2,导致水体中pH 和DO含量升高;而消亡时则相反,藻体大量死亡并被微生物降解代谢,此过程消耗水体中大量的O2并产生CO2,致使水体中pH和DO浓度降低。COD作为衡量水体中有机物含量的综合性指标,在赤潮高峰期(6月10−11日)时显著增高,可能是赤潮发生时藻类大量繁殖,致使水体中的有机物含量明显增加,这与王颢等[22]研究一致。
一般来说,营养盐对赤潮的暴发起着基础性作用,但遗憾的是本文仅调查了6月6日的营养盐水平,未对赤潮暴发前两日(6月7−8日)的营养盐进行连续调查。6月6日,惠安县近岸海域 DIN和PO4-P分别介于0.100~0.129 mg/L和0.00810.0119 mg/L之间,富营养化指数则是介于0.07~0.13之间,均为贫营养水平。随着赤潮的发展,DIN和PO4-P进一步下降,而在赤潮消亡时才逐渐恢复,但仍处于贫营养水平(6月14日的大港湾除外)。林昱[23]的围隔实验表明了有些甲藻增殖不一定需要高营养盐;南麂列岛的具齿原甲藻和莆田海域的指沟卡尔藻也在低营养盐的水体中多次暴发赤潮[2425]。这可能是甲藻具有多种营养模式(自养、异养和混合养),而且可以进行上下迁移,垂直迁移的深度可达20 m[2627],因此在有丰富的有机质食物的条件下对营养盐的依赖不强,但是这些食物(如硅藻等)与营养盐关系密切,所以甲藻赤潮与营养盐的间接关系仍旧十分密切。
一些研究发现,高N/P对甲藻赤潮的发生起着重要的作用[2425]。本次赤潮发生期间,除了开始消亡时(6月12日和13日)表现为P限制外,其他时间均未出现相对限制情况。张文[21]的链状裸甲藻生长实验发现,低N或低P均不利于链状裸甲藻的生长;而林卓如[28]的研究也表明,N、P营养盐限制会显著降低链状裸甲藻的最大生长速率和最大藻细胞密度,可见合适的N/P是链状裸甲藻生长的重要因素。通常情况下,海水中的DIN以NO3-N为主,其他形式的DIN为辅,但本次赤潮发生前惠安县近岸海域NO3-N和NH4-N含量相差不大,推测可能是因为6月5日的降雨带来的NH4-N改变了海域的DIN结构。在赤潮期间,NH4-N含量较低,并呈波动性变化,这可能与赤潮生物死亡时释放NH4-N有关。史竞园[18]指出,NH4-N是链状裸甲藻亲和性最高的氮源,链状裸甲藻密度与NH4-N的负显著相关关系(p < 0.05)也证明了这一点。
链状裸甲藻赤潮在我国近岸海域暴发多次,其包囊也在我国近海广泛分布,但在大多数样品中的丰度均不高[4]。在赤潮暴发后1 a,崇武海域4个季节的链状裸甲藻包囊密度相差不大,且均不高,平均密度为33.2 cysts/g,高于湄洲湾的密度[29],但明显低于泉州湾链状裸甲藻赤潮刚消亡时的密度[30]。链状裸甲藻赤潮刚消亡时可形成大量的包囊[31],但这些包囊不一定会一直保存在当地海域的沉积物中,有可能萌发或者通过海流、贝类生物携带等[3233]方式传播到其他海域,导致包囊数量减少。Díaz等[34]研究发现,智利内陆海水体中的链状亚历山大藻包囊密度在赤潮密度最高值之后的1个月达到最高, 但当时水体中已没有营养细胞,且半年之后包囊密度只剩下10%;李光毅等[30]也研究发现,泉州湾的链状裸甲藻包囊密度在赤潮发生1 a之后仅为赤潮刚消亡时的30%。
在不同的海域中,包囊对赤潮的形成影响也是存在差异的。在水深较浅、 水流较缓的海湾中,包囊对于赤潮的形成作用较为明显;而在大型河口区或者开放海域,这个作用却很难量化[35]。目前包囊对赤潮发生起到的作用存在一些争议,Bravo等[31]根据现场监测结果认为, 链状裸甲藻赤潮的发生不依赖于包囊的萌发,而与其有性生殖的频繁发生息息相关;Cosgrove等[36]的研究也发现, 赤潮的规模与前一年检测到的沉积物包囊密度无关;但Genovesi等[37]的调查结果表明,包囊萌发有助于赤潮的初始形成,并且对赤潮的维持起着重要作用。虽然崇武海域链状裸甲藻包囊密度较低,但低密度的包囊仍有可能对赤潮的起始发挥重要作用。有研究表明,为“赤潮接种”的包囊密度并不需要很高[35],而且包囊的孢粉质壁也促使其能在沉积物中长期保存,并在合适的温度下重新萌发。厦门湾的链状裸甲藻包囊在4℃条件下贮藏两年后仍有73%的萌发率,并且在23℃ 的条件下1 d内即可萌发[1]
2017年福建海域的链状裸甲藻赤潮是在非常靠近海岸的地方发生的,在这之前,链状裸甲藻从未在福建海域有过赤潮的记录,链状裸甲藻营养细胞也鲜有发现,3月份崇武海域的浮游植物调查也证明了这一点,这不由得引发人们对本次赤潮是由包囊萌发或者由其他海域传输过来的疑问。崇武海域赤潮消亡时并未发现链状裸甲藻营养细胞,但在11月份时却再次发现,且密度达到2.25 × 103 cells/L,推测其有可能形成包囊沉积在底泥中,并在11月份重新萌发。
养殖贝类的摄食主要是过滤海水中的浮游植物来维持生长代谢,当水体中产PSP毒素的藻类大量增殖时,贝类即可短时间内累积大量PSP毒素。此次PSP毒素的检测中,赤潮发生的短短几天内,3个调查海域贝类体内的PSP毒素最高达到了贝类毒素食用安全标准的15.9倍。卞中园[38]发现,给牡蛎投喂1.5×106 cells/L的微小亚历山大藻的第一天,牡蛎体内的PSP毒素即可达到(357.6 ± 215.7) Mu/(100 g);许翠娅[39]也指出,当投喂高密度(1.0 × 106 cells/L)链状裸甲藻时,贻贝内脏团PSP毒素在累积8 h后已达 (106.86 d ±6.20) μg/(100 g),并推测在自然海域中, 如果发生链状裸甲藻赤潮且藻细胞密度达到1.0 × 106 cells/L时,不超过2 h,贻贝内脏团PSP含量就会超过贝类毒素食用安全标准。此次监测中,大港湾链状裸甲藻最高密度为5.0 × 104 cells/L,并未发生赤潮,但该海域牡蛎体内PSP毒素也达到了589.4 Mu/(100 g),可见有毒藻密度不一定要达到赤潮基准密度,贝类体内的PSP毒素就会超过贝类毒素食用安全标准,一些国家和地区也会当海域存在低密度链状裸甲藻时,对养殖区提出限制措施[15]
养殖贝类富集PSP毒素的能力受到有毒藻类的种类和密度以及水温、盐度、营养盐等环境因素的影响[40],崇武海域牡蛎体内的PSP毒素最高值略高于东周半岛,约是大港湾的10倍。而崇武、大港湾和东周半岛的水体环境相似,但3个海域的链状裸甲藻最高密度分别为1.79 × 106 cells/L、5.00 × 104 cells/L和6.10 × 105 cells/L,可见3个海域的PSP毒素含量和链状裸甲藻的密度呈正相关关系,这与杨云辉[41]和汪宇[42]的研究一致。
不同品种的养殖贝类对PSP毒素的富集能力存在明显的差异,一般来说,贻贝和扇贝对毒素的蓄积能力较强,牡蛎和蛤蜊的蓄积能力相对较弱[43]。崇武海域贻贝和牡蛎的PSP毒素最高值分别为6344.8 Mu/(100 g)和5405.4 Mu/(100 g),贻贝的PSP毒素含量明显高于牡蛎。Mari等[44]对比研究了紫贻贝和长牡蛎对PSP毒素的富集能力,发现紫贻贝对PSP 的富集量为长牡蛎的3倍。贻贝和牡蛎PSP毒素富集能力的差异性与贝类的生理习性有关。首先,贻贝是主要经济贝类中摄食率最高的贝类,约是牡蛎的2倍,这直接影响了PSP毒素的富集速率;其次,贻贝的神经元轴突对PSP毒素中的STX不敏感,能快速累积毒素,因此贻贝对PSP毒素的富集能力远高于牡蛎[45]
而在毒素排出方面,本次监测中,牡蛎在半个月至1个月的时间内即可完全排出,但贻贝的排出时间却长达两个月。同时期漳州沿海发生了链状裸甲藻赤潮,该海域贻贝PSP毒素在42 d后才衰减至食用安全范围[46];许翠娅[39]也指出贻贝各组织在排出28 d后仍检出 PSP毒素。可见贻贝对PSP毒素具有累积快排出慢的特点。研究表明,高温可以降低毒素蓄积量并减缓毒素清除速度,24℃时贻贝的过滤率降低至19℃时的1/6[5];也有实验发现,贻贝蓄积的毒性水平越高,其自身的排除效率也会保持较高水平[47]。Bricelj和Shumway[48]根据双壳贝类毒素排出速率,将其划分为快/中速排毒者(6%/d~17%/d)和慢速排毒者(0.3%/d~4%/d),多数贻贝和牡蛎属于前者,而大多数蛤与扇贝属于后者。而贝类的去毒过程又分为两个阶段:前期的快速阶段和后期的慢速阶段[6]。崇武海域的贻贝在排毒过程中,前期排毒速度较快,后期排毒较慢,且PSP毒素反复超标,这与双阶段排毒理论基本相符, 但两个阶段的长度差异较大。崇武海域贻贝PSP毒素的反复超标可能与贻贝自身的特性、水体中产毒藻密度和毒性等因素有关。
2017年6月在惠安县近岸海域发生了链状裸甲藻赤潮,赤潮持续时间较短,最高密度为1.79 × 106 cells/L;适宜的水文气象条件和N/P以及链状裸甲藻的营养模式为赤潮的发生提供了基础,而恶劣的气象条件是导致赤潮消亡的主要原因。监测海域链状裸甲藻包囊平均密度为33.2 cysts/g,并有可能重新萌发成营养细胞,具有重新暴发赤潮的潜在性,需要引起重视。赤潮期间牡蛎和贻贝短时间内即可富集高浓度的PSP毒素,并且与链状裸甲藻的密度呈正比,低密度的链状裸甲藻也有可能引发PSP毒素超标;贻贝对PSP毒素具有富集快排出慢的特点,且富集能力远高于牡蛎,而排出速度则是明显较牡蛎慢。
  • 自然资源部海洋生态监测与修复技术重点实验室开放研究基金(MEMRT202104)
  • 福建省海洋藻类活性物质制备与功能开发重点实验室开放课题(2022−KF02)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
1
Liu Minlu, Gu Haifeng, Krock B, et al. Toxic dinoflagellate blooms of Gymnodinium catenatum and their cysts in Taiwan Strait and their relationship to global populations[J]. Harmful Algae, 2020, 97: 101868.
2
陈楠生, 张梦佳, 刘淑雅, 等. 中国海域赤潮物种多样性[J]. 海洋与湖沼, 2023, 54(3): 599−624.
Chen Nansheng, Zhang Mengjia, Liu Shuya, et al. Diversity of HAB Species in coastal regions of China[J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 2023, 54(3): 599−624.
3
陈火荣. 2017年福建海域链状裸甲藻赤潮事件应急处置与思考[J]. 渔业研究, 2018, 40(4): 308−314.
Chen Huorong. Emergency treatment and reflection of red tide event of Gymnodinium catenatum in Fujian sea area in 2017[J]. Journal of Fisheries Research, 2018, 40(4): 308−314.
4
王朝晖, Matsuoka K, 齐雨藻, 等. 有毒亚历山大藻(Alexandrium spp.)和链状裸甲藻(Gymnodinium catenatum)包囊在中国沿海的分布[J]. 海洋与湖沼, 2003, 34(4): 422−430.
Wang Zhaohui, Matsuoka K, Qi Yuzao, et al. Distribution of cysts of toxic Alexandrium spp. and Gymnodinium catenatum along the Chinese coastal waters[J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 2003, 34(4): 422−430.
5
范礼强, 郑关超, 吴海燕, 等. 贻贝对麻痹性贝类毒素的蓄积代谢研究进展[J]. 海洋科学, 2021, 45(4): 201−212.
Fan Liqiang, Zheng Guanchao, Wu Haiyan, et al. Research progress on the accumulation and metabolism of paralytic shellfish toxin in mussels[J]. Marine Sciences, 2021, 45(4): 201−212.
6
沈和定, 付金花, 冉福. 麻痹性贝毒在文蛤体内的累积及净化技术研究[J]. 海洋科学, 2011, 35(7): 45−50.
Shen Heding, Fu Jinhua, Ran Fu. Accumulation and detoxification of paralytic shellfish poison(PSP) in hard clam Meretrix meretrix[J]. Marine Sciences, 2011, 35(7): 45−50.
7
李光毅, 郑崇荣, 杨凡, 等. 2008−2017年泉州市沿海赤潮灾害特征分析[J]. 海洋开发与管理, 2019, 36(7): 58−63.
Li Guangyi, Zheng Chongrong, Yang Fan, et al. Analysis of characteristics of red tide disasters in coastal waters of Quanzhou from 2008 to 2017[J]. Ocean Development and Management, 2019, 36(7): 58−63.
8
中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局, 中国国家标准化管理委员会. GB/T 12763−2007, 海洋调查规范[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2008.
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. GB/T 12763−2007, Specifications for oceanographic survey[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2008.
9
中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局, 中国国家标准化管理委员会. GB 17378−2007, 海洋监测规范[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2008.
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. GB 17378−2007, The specification for marine monitoring[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2008.
10
王朝晖. 中国典型近海海域甲藻包囊分布及其与富营养化和赤潮生消关系研究[D]. 广州: 暨南大学, 2007.
Wang Zhaohui. Distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in Chinese typical coastal areas and its relationships with eutrophication and algal bloom[D]. Guangzhou: Jinan University, 2007.
11
陆欣鑫. 华南沿海典型海域甲藻包囊地理分布及环境指示作用研究[D]. 广州: 暨南大学, 2016.
Lu Xinxin. Biogeological distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in surface sediments from Southern Chinese coast and their roles as a signal of environmental changes[D]. Guangzhou: Jinan University, 2016.
12
郭皓. 我国海域赤潮甲藻包囊形态与分布特征研究[D]. 大连: 大连海事大学, 2016.
Guo Hao. Studies on the characteristics of the morphology and distribution of red-tide Dinoflagellate cysts in China[D]. Dalian: Dalian Maritime University, 2016.
13
黄海燕, 陆斗定, 夏平, 等. 2006年冬季长江口海域表层沉积物中甲藻包囊的分类学研究[J]. 生态学报, 2009, 29(11): 5902−5911.
Huang Haiyan, Lu Douding, Xia Ping, et al. Taxonomic study of dinoflagellate cysts in Changjiang Estuary in the winter of 2006[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2009, 29(11): 5902−5911.
14
黄琳. 东、黄海海域沉积物中甲藻包囊的生态分布特征及其与海区污染关系研究[D]. 广州: 暨南大学, 2012.
Huang Lin. Ecological distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in the sediments of the East China Sea and Yellow Sea and its relationships with marine pollution[D]. Guangzhou: Ji’nan University, 2012.
15
中华人民共和国国家海洋局. HY/T 069−2005, 赤潮监测技术规程[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2005.
State Oceanic Administration of the People’s Republic of China. HY/T 069−2005, Technical specification for red tide minitoring[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2005.
16
Justić D, Rabalais N N, Turner R E, et al. Changes in nutrient structure of river-dominated coastal waters: stoichiometric nutrient balance and its consequences[J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 1995, 40(3): 339−356.
17
Dortch Q, Whitledge T E. Does nitrogen or silicon limit phytoplankton production in the Mississippi River plume and nearby regions?[J]. Continental Shelf Research, 1992, 12(11): 1293−1309.
18
史竞园. 我国福建沿海链状裸甲藻(Gymnodinium catenatum)毒素组成与环境响应特征研究[D]. 青岛: 中国科学院大学(中国科学院海洋研究所), 2023.
Shi Jingyuan. Study on the toxin production and environmental response characteristics of Gymnodinium catenatum in the coastal waters of Fujian, China[D]. Qingdao: Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2023.
19
Hallegraeff G M, McCausland M A, Brown R K. Early warning of toxic dinoflagellate blooms of Gymnodinium catenatum in southern Tasmanian waters[J]. Journal of Plankton Research, 1995, 17(6): 1163−1176.
20
Zhang Caiyun, Lim P T, Li Xueding, et al. Wind-driven development and transport of Gymnodinium catenatum blooms along the coast of Fujian, China[J]. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 2020, 39: 101397.
21
张文. 不同环境因子对有害赤潮生物链状裸甲藻的生长和产毒的影响[D]. 广州: 暨南大学, 2009.
Zhang Wen. Effect of different environment factors on the growth and toxin production of toxic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum Graham[D]. Guangzhou: Ji’nan University, 2009.
22
王颢, 石晓勇, 张传松, 等. 2004年春季东海赤潮高发区COD分布及其与赤潮关系的初步研究[J]. 海洋科学, 2008, 32(12): 82−86.
Wang Hao, Shi Xiaoyong, Zhang Chuansong, et al. Primary studies on the COD distribution and relationship with HAB for high frequency HAB occurrence areas of the East China Sea in spring 2004[J]. Marine Sciences, 2008, 32(12): 82−86.
23
林昱. 甲藻赤潮与水体中营养盐的关系初探[J]. 台湾海峡, 2001, 20(1): 77−79.
Lin Yu. Preliminary study on the relationship between dinoflagellate red tide and nutrients[J]. Journal of Oceanography in Taiwan Strait, 2001, 20(1): 77−79.
24
纪焕红, 叶属峰, 刘星, 等. 南麂列岛海域浮游植物生态特征及甲藻赤潮频发原因[J]. 海洋科学进展, 2008, 26(2): 234−242.
Ji Huanhong, Ye Shufeng, Liu Xing, et al. Ecological characteristics of phytoplankton and causes for frequent occurrence of dinoflagellate red tide in the Nanji Islands Sea Area[J]. Advances in Marine Science, 2008, 26(2): 234−242.
25
李青俞. 福建莆田海域指沟卡尔藻赤潮海洋监测浮标数据变化及成因分析[J]. 渔业研究, 2022, 44(5): 444−458.
Li Qingyu. Analysis on the marine monitoring buoy data variation characteristics and cause of Karlodinium digitatum red tide in Putian sea area, Fujian Province[J]. Journal of Fisheries Research, 2022, 44(5): 444−458.
26
Hallegraeff G M, Blackburn S I, Doblin M A, et al. Global toxicology, ecophysiology and population relationships of the chainforming PST dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum[J]. Harmful Algae, 2012, 14: 130−143.
27
Doblin M A, Thompson P A, Revill A T, et al. Vertical migration of the toxic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum under different concentrations of nutrients and humic substances in culture[J]. Harmful Algae, 2006, 5(6): 665−677.
28
林卓如. 链状裸甲藻Gymnodinium catenatum中麻痹性贝毒分析及其在双壳类体内代谢动力学研究[D]. 青岛: 中国科学院大学(中国科学院海洋研究所), 2023.
Lin Zhuoru. Analysis of paralytic shellfish toxins produced by dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum and their biokinetics in bivalves[D]. Qingdao: Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2023.
29
李光毅, 郑崇荣, 吴惠锴, 等. 湄洲湾海域甲藻包囊的时空分布初步调查[J]. 海洋学报, 2020, 42(8): 115−126.
Li Guangyi, Zheng Chongrong, Wu Huikai, et al. A preliminary investigation of spatial and temporal distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in the Meizhou Bay[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2020, 42(8): 115−126.
30
李光毅, 刘保清, 邱勇, 等. 链状裸甲藻赤潮消亡过程及其与休眠包囊关系的初步研究[J]. 海洋学报, 2022, 44(8): 123−132.
Li Guangyi, Liu Baoqing, Qiu Yong, et al. Preliminary study on the extinction of Gymnodinium catenatum bloom and its relationship with resting cysts[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2022, 44(8): 123−132.
31
Bravo I, Fraga S, Figueroa R I, et al. Bloom dynamics and life cycle strategies of two toxic dinoflagellates in a coastal upwelling system (NW Iberian Peninsula)[J]. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 2010, 57(3/4): 222−234.
32
Kang Y, Kim H J, Moon C H. Eutrophication driven by aquaculture fish farms controls phytoplankton and dinoflagellate cyst abundance in the Southern Coastal Waters of Korea[J]. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2021, 9(4): 362.
33
Hallegraeff G M. A review of harmful algal blooms and their apparent global increase[J]. Phycologia, 1993, 32(2): 79−99.
34
Díaz P A, Molinet C, Seguel M, et al. Coupling planktonic and benthic shifts during a bloom of Alexandrium catenella in southern Chile: implications for bloom dynamics and recurrence[J]. Harmful Algae, 2014, 40: 9−22.
35
唐赢中, 胡章喜, 邓蕴彦. 休眠包囊作为甲藻有害藻华年际频发和地理扩散一种关键机制的研究进展[J]. 海洋科学集刊, 2016(1): 132−154.
Tang Yingzhong, Hu Zhangxi, Deng Yunyan. Characteristical life history (resting cyst) provides a mechanism for recurrence and geographic expansion of harmful algal blooms of dinoflagellates: a review[J]. Studia Marina Sinica, 2016(1): 132−154.
36
Cosgrove S, Rathaille A N, Raine R. The influence of bloom intensity on the encystment rate and persistence of Alexandrium minutum in Cork Harbor, Ireland[J]. Harmful Algae, 2014, 31: 114−124.
37
Genovesi B, Laabir M, Masseret E, et al. Dormancy and germination features in resting cysts of Alexandrium tamarense species complex (Dinophyceae) can facilitate bloom formation in a shallow lagoon (Thau, southern France)[J]. Journal of Plankton Research, 2009, 31(10): 1209−1224.
38
卞中园. 麻痹性贝毒在牡蛎体内蓄积、分布、转化以及羧甲基壳聚糖的脱除作用研究[D]. 湛江: 广东海洋大学, 2013.
Bian Zhongyuan. Study on the accumulation, distribution, transformation for paralytic shellfish poisoning and the depuration of CM-chitosan in oyster[D]. Zhanjiang: Guangdong Ocean University, 2013.
39
许翠娅. 链状裸甲藻所产麻痹性贝类毒素在翡翠贻贝体内的累积、转化和排出[J]. 海洋与湖沼, 2023, 54(5): 1363−1372.
Xu Cuiya. Accumulation, transformation and depuration of paralytic shellfish toxins from dinoflagellate Gymnodimium catenatum in mussel Perna viridis[J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 2023, 54(5): 1363−1372.
40
张树刚, 刘亚林, 陈雷, 等. 浙南海域麻痹性贝毒研究[J]. 海洋环境科学, 2011, 30(5): 703−706.
Zhang Shugang, Liu Yalin, Chen Lei, et al. Paralytic shellfish poison in south coastal waters of Zhejiang[J]. Marine Environmental Science, 2011, 30(5): 703−706.
41
杨云辉. 福建水产养殖区多种麻痹性贝类毒素的检测研究[D]. 福州: 福建农林大学, 2018.
Yang Yunhui. Detection and analysis on Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in Fujian aquaculture area[D]. Fuzhou: Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 2018.
42
汪宇. 贻贝中麻痹性贝类毒素的来源解析及其形成机制初步研究[D]. 上海: 上海海洋大学, 2020.
Wang Yu. Source analysis of paralytic shellfish poisoning in mussels and preliminary study on its formation mechanism[D]. Shanghai: Shanghai Ocean University, 2020.
43
陈光. 塔玛亚历山大藻所产麻痹性贝毒(PSP)在菲律宾蛤仔体内的累积与排出[D]. 青岛: 国家海洋局第一海洋研究所, 2008.
Chen Guang. Accumulation and elimination of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) from Alexandrium tamatense in Venerupis philippinaram[D]. Qingdao: The First Institute of Oceanography, Soa, 2008.
44
Mizuta M, Yamada K, Takata K, et al. Differences of accumulation and elimination of paralytic shellfish poisons among oyster, mussel and scallop[J]. Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi), 1999, 40(1): 19−22.
45
张海涛. 渤海贻贝中麻痹性贝类毒素来源解析、危害形成机制研究[D]. 连云港: 江苏海洋大学, 2022.
Zhang Haitao. Studies on the source apportionment and damage mechanism of paralytic shellfish toxins in Mytilus galloprovincialis from the Bohai Sea[D]. Lianyungang: Jiangsu Ocean University, 2022.
46
李海杰, 张锦宏, 陈艳芳, 等. 一起赤潮后海产品麻痹性贝类毒素衰减结果分析[J]. 中国校医, 2022, 36(5): 333−335.
Li Haijie, Zhang Jinhong, Chen Yanfang, et al. Analysis of PSP attenuation results of marine products after a red tide[J]. Chinese Journal of School Doctor, 2022, 36(5): 333−335.
47
颜天, 傅萌, 李钧, 等. 麻痹性贝毒PSP在紫贻贝体内的累积、转化与排出[J]. 海洋与湖沼, 2001, 32(4): 420−427.
Yan Tian, Fu Meng, Li Jun, et al. Accumulation, transformation and elimination of PSP in Mytilus edulis[J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 2001, 32(4): 420−427.
48
Bricelj V M, Shumway S E. Paralytic shellfish toxins in bivalve molluscs: occurrence, transfer kinetics, and biotransformation[J]. Reviews in Fisheries Science, 1998, 6(4): 315−383.
2024年第46卷第11期
PDF下载
164
66
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.12284/hyxb2024120
  • 接收时间:2024-07-17
  • 首发时间:2025-11-26
  • 出版时间:2024-11-01
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-17
  • 修回日期:2024-10-29
基金
自然资源部海洋生态监测与修复技术重点实验室开放研究基金(MEMRT202104)
福建省海洋藻类活性物质制备与功能开发重点实验室开放课题(2022−KF02)
作者信息
    1.自然资源部海洋生态监测与修复技术重点实验室,上海 201206
    2.海洋工程生态安全联合研究中心,福建 厦门 361108
    3.自然资源部厦门海洋中心,福建 厦门 361101
    4.泉州海洋环境监测预报中心,福建 泉州 362131
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN/10.12284/hyxb2024120
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏