Article(id=1200484852643524777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1200484846570164701, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12284/hyxb2024094, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1703520000000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-26, revisedDate=1714924800000, revisedDateStr=2024-05-06, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764147492799, onlineDateStr=2025-11-26, pubDate=1725120000000, pubDateStr=2024-09-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764147492799, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764147492799, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764147492799, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1200484846570164701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2024', volume='46', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='130', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=0, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764147491352, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764147714593, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200485782961124251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1200484846570164701, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200485782961124252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1200484846570164701, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=73, endPage=87, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200484853117481143, articleId=1200484852643524777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Seasonal variation and influencing factors of zooplankton community structure in Weizhou Island of Guangxi, columnId=1194652705852465724, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The seasonal variations of zooplankton communities in the nearby seas of the Island was investigated to know the relationship between the structure of zooplankton communities and environmental factors in the sea areas around Weizhou Island in Guangxi. Collecting samples of zooplankton communities were conducted in January (winter), April (spring), August (summer), and November (autumn) of 2022. The study examines the variations in zooplankton species composition, abundance, biomass, and dominant species across the four seasons, while also investigating their primary environmental influencing factors. A total of 224 species (classes) of zooplankton were identified throughout the four seasons of the year, including 25 species (classes) planktonic larvae, belonging to 18 groups. Copepods were the most abundant (78 species), followed by hydrozoan jellyfish (35 species). The number of zooplankton species shows a seasonal variation pattern of spring > autumn > winter > summer, and the composition of species shows a seasonal variation pattern of spring > winter > autumn > summer. The dominant species group exhibits a seasonal replacement phenomenon of copepods, red tide organisms, and glial organisms, as well as hairy jawbones and copepods. The seasonal variation characteristics of the zooplankton community structure are obvious. The annual average abundance and biomass of zooplankton are (246.50 ± 158.75) ind./m3 and (126.08 ± 192.27) mg/m3, respectively. The abundance and biomass in spring are the highest (712.80 ± 630.28) ind./m3 and (367.79 ± 264.33) mg/m3, while the abundance in winter is the lowest (62.09 ± 29.61) ind./m3 and the biomass in summer is the lowest (35.48 ± 19.88) mg/m3. The results of redundancy analysis indicate that water temperature, salinity, nutrients and chlorophyll a are the main environmental factors affecting the seasonal changes of zooplankton community structure in the sea area of Weizhou Island, Guangxi. The seasonal changes in water masses cause by the ocean monsoon drive the succession of dominant species of zooplankton. The seasonal variation characteristics of the abundance of copepods, an important group of zooplankton in the sea area, are consistent with the migration patterns of the Balaenoptera edeni in the waters of Weizhou Island, indicating that the basic feed organisms of the fishing industry affect the migration activities of the B. edeni. In addition, the ecological impact of the decreased dominant group of copepods caused by the proliferation and growth of protozoa and glial organisms in spring on the waters of Weizhou Island deserves attention and exploration.

, correspAuthors=Wenlu Lan, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Haiyang Xuebao, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jia Lin, Bijian Pang, Haiying Lin, Meixiu Guo, Mingmin Li, Jingjing Zhao, Xin Luo, Xingyong Xu, Ke Pan, Jianhua Xiong, Wenlu Lan), CN=ArticleExt(id=1200484854824562963, articleId=1200484852643524777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=广西涠洲岛海域浮游动物群落结构的季节变化及影响因素, columnId=1149698756456657529, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为了解广西涠洲岛海域浮游动物群落结构与环境因子的关系,探究海岛附近海域浮游动物群落季节变化规律,于2022年1月(冬)、4月(春)、8月(夏)、11月(秋)对广西涠洲岛海域的浮游动物进行采样,分析浮游动物种类组成、丰度、生物量和优势种在4个季节间的变化特征及其主要环境影响因素。全年4个季节共鉴定出浮游动物224种(类),包括浮游幼虫25种(类),隶属于18个类群,以桡足类最多(78种),水螅水母类次之(35种)。浮游动物种类数量呈现出春>秋>冬>夏的季节变化特征,种类组成上呈现春>冬>秋>夏的季节变化特征,优势类群在季节上存在桡足类−赤潮生物和胶质性生物−毛颚类−桡足类的更替现象,浮游动物群落结构季节变化特征明显。浮游动物的年平均丰度和生物量分别为(246.50 ± 158.75)ind./m3和(126.08 ± 192.27)mg/m3,春季的丰度和生物量均最高(712.80 ± 630.28)ind./m3和(367.79 ± 264.33)mg/m3,冬季的丰度最低(62.29 ±29.56)ind./m3,夏季的生物量最低(35.48 ± 19.88)mg/m3,丰度和生物量均存在明显的季节变化。RDA结果显示水温、盐度、营养盐和叶绿素a是影响广西涠洲岛海域浮游动物群落结构季节变化的主要环境因素,海洋季风引起水团发生季节性变化驱动着浮游动物优势种的演替。研究海域浮游动物的重要类群桡足类丰度季节变化特征与布氏鲸在涠洲岛海域的迁徙规律吻合,表明渔业基础饵料生物影响着布氏鲸的迁徙活动。此外,春季原生动物和胶质性生物大量增殖生长引起桡足类优势度下降的现象对涠洲岛海域产生的生态影响值得关注与探究。

, correspAuthors=蓝文陆, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*蓝文陆(1980—),男,广西壮族自治区河池市人,正高级工程师,研究方向海洋生态学。E-mail:
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林佳 (1998—),女,广西壮族自治区来宾市人,硕士研究生,研究方向:海洋生态学。E-mail:

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Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200860443565740570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200484852643524777, companyId=1200860443548963352, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.深圳大学高等研究院,广东 深圳,518060)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1200860449735561977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200484852643524777, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Distribution of survey stations in the study sea area, figureFileSmall=8hTtFAZXNPDZ2C20CYNXnQ==, figureFileBig=8jCCkS68RGuz/HSP8G4dNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200860449899139835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200484852643524777, language=CN, label=图1, caption=研究海域调查站位的分布, figureFileSmall=8hTtFAZXNPDZ2C20CYNXnQ==, figureFileBig=8jCCkS68RGuz/HSP8G4dNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200860450054329087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200484852643524777, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Plane distribution of physical and chemical environmental parameters in different seasons in the study sea area, figureFileSmall=9O6WsM25IdnbwoIjxQLteg==, figureFileBig=ye6+lLQWbQZj6RKjmGuw9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200860450188546818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200484852643524777, language=CN, label=图2, caption=研究海域各季节理化环境参数平面分布, figureFileSmall=9O6WsM25IdnbwoIjxQLteg==, figureFileBig=ye6+lLQWbQZj6RKjmGuw9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200860450297598724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200484852643524777, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Plane distribution of zooplankton abundance in the study sea area, figureFileSmall=lyBc1vjwCB5G4xofRx9cXA==, figureFileBig=0YnVthBTzLymdZks8+4itg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200860450385679111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200484852643524777, language=CN, label=图3, caption=研究海域浮游动物丰度的平面分布, figureFileSmall=lyBc1vjwCB5G4xofRx9cXA==, figureFileBig=0YnVthBTzLymdZks8+4itg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200860450494731019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200484852643524777, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Plane distribution of zooplankton biomass in the study sea area, figureFileSmall=cpgGn7sXQ0OybI6n+dBXww==, figureFileBig=87bqu9aJWYX5GAC3LmbtLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200860450603782926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200484852643524777, language=CN, label=图4, caption=研究海域浮游动物生物量的平面分布, figureFileSmall=cpgGn7sXQ0OybI6n+dBXww==, figureFileBig=87bqu9aJWYX5GAC3LmbtLg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200860450708640530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200484852643524777, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Cluster and MDS ordination of zooplankton communities in the study sea area, figureFileSmall=BdKhvnUFeNddVCTHLYz10w==, figureFileBig=y5UfYLg4pe8enJFE5QSlbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200860450817692437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200484852643524777, language=CN, label=图5, caption=研究海域浮游动物群落的聚类分析和MDS标序, figureFileSmall=BdKhvnUFeNddVCTHLYz10w==, figureFileBig=y5UfYLg4pe8enJFE5QSlbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200860450939327257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200484852643524777, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Redundancy analysis of dominate species of zooplankton and environmental factors in the research area, figureFileSmall=IEIHeXtZuvtrdyNKjl9TrQ==, figureFileBig=r3R2sbdrIr6xlkEWU1rApA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200860452130509595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200484852643524777, language=CN, label=图6, caption=研究海域浮游动物优势种与环境因子的冗余分析, figureFileSmall=IEIHeXtZuvtrdyNKjl9TrQ==, figureFileBig=r3R2sbdrIr6xlkEWU1rApA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200860452214395678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200484852643524777, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Species composition and average abundance of zooplankton in the study sea area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类群
冬季春季夏季秋季
种数丰度/(ind.·m−3)种数丰度 /(ind.·m−3)种数丰度/(ind.·m−3)种数丰度 /(ind.·m−3)
桡足类 Copepoda3437.493853.413717.823674.62
水螅水母类 Hydromedusae120.96208.7750.42101.15
浮游幼虫 Planktonic larvae109.771974.731735.43146.95
毛颚类 Chaetognatha139.801447.32348.811713.60
管水母类 Siphonophora30.141434.44//40.84
糠虾类 Mysidacea70.1960.58//61.48
浮游被囊类 Tunicata10.016204.8810.4510.21
樱虾类 Sergestidae20.0522.9922.3962.72
介形类 Ostracoda31.0544.82//10.83
端足类 Amphipoda//45.74//20.36
枝角类 Cladocera//222.0022.0020.18
磷虾类 Euphausiacea30.0510.77//10.12
栉水母类 Ctenophora10.0220.6010.6010.05
浮游软体动物 Pelagic Mollusc//30.3910.07//
原生动物 Protozoa11.091250.97////
头索类 Acrania10.01//////
歪尾类 Anomura10.06//////
多毛类 Polychaeta//10.39////
合计9262.29137712.8069107.99101103.11
), ArticleFig(id=1200860452310864675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200484852643524777, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究海域浮游动物种类组成和平均丰度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类群
冬季春季夏季秋季
种数丰度/(ind.·m−3)种数丰度 /(ind.·m−3)种数丰度/(ind.·m−3)种数丰度 /(ind.·m−3)
桡足类 Copepoda3437.493853.413717.823674.62
水螅水母类 Hydromedusae120.96208.7750.42101.15
浮游幼虫 Planktonic larvae109.771974.731735.43146.95
毛颚类 Chaetognatha139.801447.32348.811713.60
管水母类 Siphonophora30.141434.44//40.84
糠虾类 Mysidacea70.1960.58//61.48
浮游被囊类 Tunicata10.016204.8810.4510.21
樱虾类 Sergestidae20.0522.9922.3962.72
介形类 Ostracoda31.0544.82//10.83
端足类 Amphipoda//45.74//20.36
枝角类 Cladocera//222.0022.0020.18
磷虾类 Euphausiacea30.0510.77//10.12
栉水母类 Ctenophora10.0220.6010.6010.05
浮游软体动物 Pelagic Mollusc//30.3910.07//
原生动物 Protozoa11.091250.97////
头索类 Acrania10.01//////
歪尾类 Anomura10.06//////
多毛类 Polychaeta//10.39////
合计9262.29137712.8069107.99101103.11
), ArticleFig(id=1200860452398945063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200484852643524777, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Dominance species dominance of Zooplankton in the study sea area in each season (Y)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种类冬季春季夏季秋季
丰度/
(ind.·m−3)
优势度丰度/
(ind.·m−3)
优势度丰度/
(ind.·m−3)
优势度丰度 /
(ind.·m−3)
优势度
精致真刺水蚤
Euchaeta concinna
17.730.249*1.930.001//8.350.029
瘦尾胸刺水蚤
Centropages tenuiremis
6.610.0801.450.000////
亚强次真哲水蚤
Subeucalanus subcrassus
5.0310.0619.830.01214.220.115*32.640.317*
微刺哲水蚤
Canthocalanus pauper
3.530.0310.730.0000.420.00216.170.157*
锥形宽水蚤
Temora turbinata
4.560.0265.400.0050.210.0001.330.007
帽形次真哲水蚤
Subeucalanus pileatus
//7.040.0050.340.00111.400.049
小长足水蚤
Calanopia minor
////0.050.0003.990.029
肥胖箭虫
Sagitta enflata
7.120.115*43.110.05648.620.450*16.370.085
夜光虫
Noctiluca scintillans
1.090.001250.970.305*////
软拟海樽
Dolioletta gegenbauri
//150.270.183*////
宽肌纽鳃樽
Iasis zonaria
//18.350.026////
鸟喙尖头溞
Penilia avirostris
//21.590.0261.870.0060.110.000
短尾类溞状幼虫
Zoea larva (Brachyura)
1.680.02416.740.02210.250.0951.100.006
长尾类糠虾幼虫
Mccruran mysis larva
0.360.00114.380.02014.030.1132.750.023
鱼卵 Fish eggs5.240.05411.310.0161.700.0150.400.001
长尾类幼虫 Macrura larva3.650.0260.210.000//0.120.000
棘皮动物长腕幼虫
Echinodermata ophiopluteus larva
//0.070.0006.030.0301.620.006
), ArticleFig(id=1200860452570911532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200484852643524777, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

研究海域各季节浮游动物优势种优势度(Y)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种类冬季春季夏季秋季
丰度/
(ind.·m−3)
优势度丰度/
(ind.·m−3)
优势度丰度/
(ind.·m−3)
优势度丰度 /
(ind.·m−3)
优势度
精致真刺水蚤
Euchaeta concinna
17.730.249*1.930.001//8.350.029
瘦尾胸刺水蚤
Centropages tenuiremis
6.610.0801.450.000////
亚强次真哲水蚤
Subeucalanus subcrassus
5.0310.0619.830.01214.220.115*32.640.317*
微刺哲水蚤
Canthocalanus pauper
3.530.0310.730.0000.420.00216.170.157*
锥形宽水蚤
Temora turbinata
4.560.0265.400.0050.210.0001.330.007
帽形次真哲水蚤
Subeucalanus pileatus
//7.040.0050.340.00111.400.049
小长足水蚤
Calanopia minor
////0.050.0003.990.029
肥胖箭虫
Sagitta enflata
7.120.115*43.110.05648.620.450*16.370.085
夜光虫
Noctiluca scintillans
1.090.001250.970.305*////
软拟海樽
Dolioletta gegenbauri
//150.270.183*////
宽肌纽鳃樽
Iasis zonaria
//18.350.026////
鸟喙尖头溞
Penilia avirostris
//21.590.0261.870.0060.110.000
短尾类溞状幼虫
Zoea larva (Brachyura)
1.680.02416.740.02210.250.0951.100.006
长尾类糠虾幼虫
Mccruran mysis larva
0.360.00114.380.02014.030.1132.750.023
鱼卵 Fish eggs5.240.05411.310.0161.700.0150.400.001
长尾类幼虫 Macrura larva3.650.0260.210.000//0.120.000
棘皮动物长腕幼虫
Echinodermata ophiopluteus larva
//0.070.0006.030.0301.620.006
), ArticleFig(id=1200860452654797613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200484852643524777, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Diversity and evenness of zooplankton in the study sea area

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季节多样性指数(H′)均匀度指数(J′)
范围平均值范围平均值
全年0.77~4.442.89 ± 0.690.15~0.850.64 ± 0.13
冬季2.23~3.472.99 ± 0.410.48~0.780.69 ± 0.08
春季0.77~4.443.20 ± 0.970.15~0.850.62 ± 0.18
夏季2.14~3.202.57 ± 0.320.52~0.820.62 ± 0.09
秋季1.20~3.952.80 ± 0.760.38~0.800.63 ± 0.12
), ArticleFig(id=1200860452742877999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200484852643524777, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

研究海域浮游动物物种多样性指数和均匀度指数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
季节多样性指数(H′)均匀度指数(J′)
范围平均值范围平均值
全年0.77~4.442.89 ± 0.690.15~0.850.64 ± 0.13
冬季2.23~3.472.99 ± 0.410.48~0.780.69 ± 0.08
春季0.77~4.443.20 ± 0.970.15~0.850.62 ± 0.18
夏季2.14~3.202.57 ± 0.320.52~0.820.62 ± 0.09
秋季1.20~3.952.80 ± 0.760.38~0.800.63 ± 0.12
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广西涠洲岛海域浮游动物群落结构的季节变化及影响因素
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林佳 1, 3 , 庞碧剑 1, 2 , 林海英 3 , 郭梅修 1 , 黎明民 1 , 赵静静 1 , 骆鑫 1 , 徐兴永 2 , 潘科 4 , 熊建华 3 , 蓝文陆 1, *
海洋学报 | 论文 2024,46(9): 73-87
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海洋学报 | 论文 2024, 46(9): 73-87
广西涠洲岛海域浮游动物群落结构的季节变化及影响因素
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林佳1, 3 , 庞碧剑1, 2, 林海英3, 郭梅修1, 黎明民1, 赵静静1, 骆鑫1, 徐兴永2, 潘科4, 熊建华3, 蓝文陆1, *
作者信息
  • 1.广西壮族自治区海洋环境监测中心站 北部湾海洋生态环境广西野外科学观测研究站,广西 北海 536000
  • 2.自然资源部第四海洋研究所 广西北部湾海洋资源环境与可持续发展重点实验室,广西 北海 536000
  • 3.广西大学 资源环境与材料学院,广西 南宁 530000
  • 4.深圳大学高等研究院,广东 深圳,518060
  • 林佳 (1998—),女,广西壮族自治区来宾市人,硕士研究生,研究方向:海洋生态学。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*蓝文陆(1980—),男,广西壮族自治区河池市人,正高级工程师,研究方向海洋生态学。E-mail:
Seasonal variation and influencing factors of zooplankton community structure in Weizhou Island of Guangxi
Jia Lin1, 3 , Bijian Pang1, 2, Haiying Lin3, Meixiu Guo1, Mingmin Li1, Jingjing Zhao1, Xin Luo1, Xingyong Xu2, Ke Pan4, Jianhua Xiong3, Wenlu Lan1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Beibu Gulf Marine Ecological Environment Observation and Research Station of Guangxi, Marine Environmental Monitoring Center of Guangxi, Beihai 536000, China
  • 2. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development, Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Beihai 536000, China
  • 3. School of Resources,Environment and Materials,Guangxi University, Guangxi 530000, China
  • 4. Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
出版时间: 2024-09-01 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2024094
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为了解广西涠洲岛海域浮游动物群落结构与环境因子的关系,探究海岛附近海域浮游动物群落季节变化规律,于2022年1月(冬)、4月(春)、8月(夏)、11月(秋)对广西涠洲岛海域的浮游动物进行采样,分析浮游动物种类组成、丰度、生物量和优势种在4个季节间的变化特征及其主要环境影响因素。全年4个季节共鉴定出浮游动物224种(类),包括浮游幼虫25种(类),隶属于18个类群,以桡足类最多(78种),水螅水母类次之(35种)。浮游动物种类数量呈现出春>秋>冬>夏的季节变化特征,种类组成上呈现春>冬>秋>夏的季节变化特征,优势类群在季节上存在桡足类−赤潮生物和胶质性生物−毛颚类−桡足类的更替现象,浮游动物群落结构季节变化特征明显。浮游动物的年平均丰度和生物量分别为(246.50 ± 158.75)ind./m3和(126.08 ± 192.27)mg/m3,春季的丰度和生物量均最高(712.80 ± 630.28)ind./m3和(367.79 ± 264.33)mg/m3,冬季的丰度最低(62.29 ±29.56)ind./m3,夏季的生物量最低(35.48 ± 19.88)mg/m3,丰度和生物量均存在明显的季节变化。RDA结果显示水温、盐度、营养盐和叶绿素a是影响广西涠洲岛海域浮游动物群落结构季节变化的主要环境因素,海洋季风引起水团发生季节性变化驱动着浮游动物优势种的演替。研究海域浮游动物的重要类群桡足类丰度季节变化特征与布氏鲸在涠洲岛海域的迁徙规律吻合,表明渔业基础饵料生物影响着布氏鲸的迁徙活动。此外,春季原生动物和胶质性生物大量增殖生长引起桡足类优势度下降的现象对涠洲岛海域产生的生态影响值得关注与探究。

涠洲岛  /  浮游动物  /  群落结构  /  季节变化  /  环境因子

The seasonal variations of zooplankton communities in the nearby seas of the Island was investigated to know the relationship between the structure of zooplankton communities and environmental factors in the sea areas around Weizhou Island in Guangxi. Collecting samples of zooplankton communities were conducted in January (winter), April (spring), August (summer), and November (autumn) of 2022. The study examines the variations in zooplankton species composition, abundance, biomass, and dominant species across the four seasons, while also investigating their primary environmental influencing factors. A total of 224 species (classes) of zooplankton were identified throughout the four seasons of the year, including 25 species (classes) planktonic larvae, belonging to 18 groups. Copepods were the most abundant (78 species), followed by hydrozoan jellyfish (35 species). The number of zooplankton species shows a seasonal variation pattern of spring > autumn > winter > summer, and the composition of species shows a seasonal variation pattern of spring > winter > autumn > summer. The dominant species group exhibits a seasonal replacement phenomenon of copepods, red tide organisms, and glial organisms, as well as hairy jawbones and copepods. The seasonal variation characteristics of the zooplankton community structure are obvious. The annual average abundance and biomass of zooplankton are (246.50 ± 158.75) ind./m3 and (126.08 ± 192.27) mg/m3, respectively. The abundance and biomass in spring are the highest (712.80 ± 630.28) ind./m3 and (367.79 ± 264.33) mg/m3, while the abundance in winter is the lowest (62.09 ± 29.61) ind./m3 and the biomass in summer is the lowest (35.48 ± 19.88) mg/m3. The results of redundancy analysis indicate that water temperature, salinity, nutrients and chlorophyll a are the main environmental factors affecting the seasonal changes of zooplankton community structure in the sea area of Weizhou Island, Guangxi. The seasonal changes in water masses cause by the ocean monsoon drive the succession of dominant species of zooplankton. The seasonal variation characteristics of the abundance of copepods, an important group of zooplankton in the sea area, are consistent with the migration patterns of the Balaenoptera edeni in the waters of Weizhou Island, indicating that the basic feed organisms of the fishing industry affect the migration activities of the B. edeni. In addition, the ecological impact of the decreased dominant group of copepods caused by the proliferation and growth of protozoa and glial organisms in spring on the waters of Weizhou Island deserves attention and exploration.

Weizhou Island  /  zooplankton  /  community structure  /  seasonal variation  /  environmental factor
林佳, 庞碧剑, 林海英, 郭梅修, 黎明民, 赵静静, 骆鑫, 徐兴永, 潘科, 熊建华, 蓝文陆. 广西涠洲岛海域浮游动物群落结构的季节变化及影响因素. 海洋学报, 2024 , 46 (9) : 73 -87 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2024094
Jia Lin, Bijian Pang, Haiying Lin, Meixiu Guo, Mingmin Li, Jingjing Zhao, Xin Luo, Xingyong Xu, Ke Pan, Jianhua Xiong, Wenlu Lan. Seasonal variation and influencing factors of zooplankton community structure in Weizhou Island of Guangxi[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2024 , 46 (9) : 73 -87 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2024094
浮游动物是海洋生态系统中非常重要的生态类群,是海洋生态系统中初级生产的主要消费者,也是主要次级生产者,因此,它们在海洋生态系统的能量转换和物质流动中处于承上启下的枢纽位置[12]。浮游动物通过摄食浮游植物影响着初级生产力的积累,其种群动态不仅可以控制初级生产力的数量和周期,还通过上行效应影响着经济海产动物的变动,特别是经济鱼类的幼虫和中、上层鱼类影响着许多顶级捕食者的资源量。同时,浮游动物对环境变化的反应较为敏感,因此,开展海洋浮游动物群落结构与分布格局及其影响因素研究对了解海洋生态系统的结构功能具有重要意义。
涠洲岛位于北部湾东北部地处亚热带向热带过渡的位置,属南亚热带季风性气候,年温差较小。涠洲岛因受冬、夏季季风交替影响,海洋环境有明显的季节性特征[3]。涠洲岛海域水质状况良好[45],因其离大陆直线距离约48 km,受到陆源径流的影响较小,反而是受风应力和密度梯度驱动[67],海流和潮流不断更新水体,为浮游生物生长繁殖创造了良好的环境条件。涠洲岛海域具有丰富的渔业资源、潮间带底栖动物和浮游生物等生物资源,海域还生长着珊瑚礁、红树林和海草床等蓝碳生态系统,是我国为数不多三大典型海洋生态系统共存的区域[89]。涠洲岛海域因其得天独厚的优良水质和生物优势吸引着布氏鲸(Balaenoptera edeni)等珍稀海洋动物前来捕食,被确定为我国已知近海唯一有大型须鲸常年稳定活动记录的海域,也是大型须鲸稳定的季节性栖息地[1012]。对于北部湾近岸海域已开展了较多的浮游动物研究[1316],在涠洲岛珊瑚礁生态区也有展开浮游生物的研究[1718],但关于涠洲岛布氏鲸栖息海域浮游动物的分布以及群落特征的研究未见报道。因此,本研究于2022年1−11月4个季节对涠洲岛海域15个采样点的浮游动物进行全面调查,分析该海域浮游动物群落组成、丰度和生物量时空变化、优势种季节变化,研究其与环境因子的关系,以期掌握涠洲岛生态环境变化特征,以此为布氏鲸生态保护提供基础资料,同时也为深入研究该海域浮游动物与环境的内在关系提供科学依据。
结合历史资料及文献掌握的布氏鲸出没海域,分别于2022年1月(冬季)、4月(春季)、8月(夏季)、11月(秋季)在广西涠洲岛布氏鲸经常出没的栖息海域(20.80°~21.09°N,108.94°~109.37°E)布设15个调查站位(图1)对水质和浮游动物等进行4个航次的综合调查,水深范围15~35 m,各站位平均水深23 m。
在所有站点,使用浅水Ⅰ型浮游生物网(孔径为0.505 mm)从海底垂直拖网至海面采集浮游动物,使用在网口系的流量计换算通过浮游生物网的海水体积(m3),所获样品用甲醛水溶液进行现场固定(样品最终浓度为5%)。样品带回实验室浓缩后,用体视显微镜(Leica M205C)对样品进行杂质剔除、分类、鉴定和计数,采用湿重法称量其生物量(电子天平JA203H)。采用便携式多参数水质仪(WTW Multi 350i)现场测定水温、盐度、溶解氧,其他水质监测项目样品用8 L采水器在表层采集后带回实验室分析。
以上样品的采集、保存、运输与分析严格按照《海洋监测规范》[1920]进行。
Y为优势指标,用于描述群落优势种(Y ≥ 0.02则认定为优势种)的优势度,使用公式(1)计算。Shannon-Wiener指数(H′)、群落均匀度指数(J′)是物种多样性指标,使用公式(2)、(3)计算。
$ Y={n}_{i}\cdot \frac{{f}_{i}}{N} ,$
$ {H}{'}=\sum {p}_{i}{{\mathrm{log}}}_{2}{p}_{i}, $
$ J'=\frac{H'}{\mathrm{log}_2S}. $
采用 Surfer 11.0绘制站位、水环境参数及浮游动物丰度和生物量分布图。使用Primer 5.0软件,采用Bray-Curtis相似性系数对4个季节浮游动物进行等级聚类,选取出现频率在20%以上的浮游动物种类用于群落结构分析[21]。应用单因素ANOSIM程序检验差异显著性,结果分析中不同P值表明差异显著(P < 0.05)或差异极显著(P < 0.01)。利用CANOCO 5.0软件进行4个季节浮游动物总丰度、生物量以及主要优势种丰度与环境因子的冗余分析(RDA),在进行统计分析之前对物种丰度、生物量以及温度、盐度和溶解无机氮等数据进行log2(x + 1)转换和集中,使其满足正态分布。
研究海域各理化指标在冬季明显较高(除水温外),季节间波动情况比较剧烈,季节之间差异明显(P < 0.01),空间分布差异较小(图2)。研究海域冬季水温最低,夏季最高;冬、夏季温度高值区出现在研究海域东部,春季温度高值区出现在西部。盐度季节变化呈现出冬季向秋季逐渐降低的趋势(除研究区域西北部是夏季到秋季有上升趋势外),平面分布呈现出从东向西逐渐升高的趋势。叶绿素a(Chl a)浓度冬季最高,春夏季最低;冬、春、秋季高值区出现在研究海域东部,夏季相反。溶解无机磷(DIP)浓度冬季最高,春季最低;冬、春季低值区出现在研究海域的中部,夏季高值区出现在中部,秋季高值区出现在东部。溶解无机氮(DIN)浓度冬春季较高,夏季最低;冬、秋季高值区出现在研究海域的东部,夏季低值区出现在中部。
研究海域4个季节共鉴定出浮游动物224种(类),包括25种(类)浮游幼虫,共隶属于18大类群(表1)。其中以桡足类最多(78种),其次为水螅水母类(35种),毛颚类、管水母类和糠虾类,种类数在14~22种之间,其他如浮游被囊类、端足类等均在6种及以下。春季浮游动物种类数最多,冬季和秋季种类数相近,夏季最少。浮游动物各类群的种数季节变化因类群不同而有所差异。桡足类的种类数季节性差异不大,水螅水母类、浮游幼虫、管水母类的种类数季节变化差异显著,均在春季种类数最多,毛颚类、樱虾类则是在秋季种数最多(表1图3)。
研究海域浮游动物丰度的季节变化明显(P < 0.01)。浮游动物全年丰度的变化范围为22.06~2751.09 ind./m3,平均值为(246.50 ± 158.75) ind./m3。春季丰度最高为(712.80 ± 630.28) ind./m3,夏季次之为(107.99 ± 62.61) ind./m3,秋季为(103.11 ± 84.53) ind./m3,与夏季丰度差异不大,冬季最低为(62.29 ± 29.56) ind./m3,比春季丰度均值低一个数量级。冬季浮游动物丰度分布均匀,J2号站最高,其他站均低于100 ind./m3;春季浮游动物丰度分布不均匀,高度密集于J14号站,最低值出现在J4号站;夏季高值区出现在研究海域西部,秋季相反,高值区在研究海域东部,其中夏季在J11号站最高,秋季在J15号站最高(图3)。
研究海域浮游动物生物量同样具有明显的季节变化(P < 0.01)。浮游动物生物量的变化范围为12.12~1175.27 mg/m3,总生物量为7744.90 mg/m3,年平均值为(126.08 ± 192.27) mg/m3。生物量春季最高[(367.79 ± 264.33) mg/m3],与丰度春季最高一致;秋季次之[(67.71 ± 56.28) mg/m3],冬季[(45.35 ± 19.33) mg/m3]高于夏季[(35.48 ± 19.88) mg/m3],差异不大。4个季节浮游动物生物量高值区均出现在研究海域东部,其中冬季在J13号站最高,春季密集于J11、J12号站,夏季在J13号站最高,秋季在J15号站最高(图4)。
研究海域浮游动物4个季节优势种(包括浮游幼虫)共有17种(类),4个季节唯一共有的优势种为肥胖箭虫(表2)。冬季优势种最多[9种(类)],其中精致真刺水蚤优势度最高(Y = 0.249),其次是肥胖箭虫;夏季优势种最少[5种(类)],肥胖箭虫优势度最高;春、秋季各出现7种(类)优势种,其中春、秋季第一优势种分别为夜光虫、亚强次真哲水蚤。
研究海域浮游动物群落多样性Shannon-Wiener指数(H′)全年的变化范围为0.77~4.44,平均值为2.89 ± 0.69。多样性指数有明显的季节变化,夏季为全年最低,春季最高,冬季高于秋季。群落均匀度指数(J′)变化范围为0.15~0.85,平均值为0.64 ± 0.13,冬季最高,夏季最低,秋季高于春季(表3)。
聚类分析结果表明(图5),按照43%的相似性,可以将研究海域4个季节浮游动物群落结构划分为4个类群,分别为冬季类群、春季类群、夏季类群和秋季类群。ANOSIM的检验结果表明,4个类群组间存在显著的差异性(P < 0.01),4个类群内部都表现出了很好的聚类效果,浮游动物群落具有极显著的季节变化特征。
冬季选取浮游动物总丰度、生物量以及9个主要物种丰度与6个环境因子进行冗余分析(图6a),溶解氧、水温、DIN和DIP是影响冬季浮游动物变化的主要环境因子。第一优势种精致真刺水蚤、生物量表现出与水温、DIN的强正相关性,总丰度表现出与溶解氧、水温的强正相关性。
春季选取浮游动物总丰度、生物量以及7个主要物种丰度与6个环境因子进行冗余分析(图6b),水温、盐度、DIP和DIN是影响春季浮游动物变化的主要环境因子。第一优势种夜光虫表现出与Chl a的强正相关性,与水温的正相关性,与其他环境因子表现出负相关性。第二优势种软拟海樽表现出与盐度、水温的强正相关性,浮游动物总丰度、生物量表现出与水温、盐度、Chl a的强正相关性。
夏季选取浮游动物总丰度、生物量以及5个主要物种丰度与6个环境因子进行冗余分析(图6c),水温、盐度和DIN是影响夏季浮游动物变化的主要环境因子。第一优势种肥胖箭虫表现出与盐度、水温的强正相关性,与其他环境因子表现出负相关性。总丰度表现出与Chl a的强正相关性,生物量表现出与Chl a、水温的正相关性。
秋季选取浮游动物总丰度、生物量以及7个主要物种丰度与6个环境因子进行冗余分析(图6d),盐度、DIP和DIN是影响秋季浮游动物变化的主要环境因子,第一优势种亚强次真哲水蚤表现出与DIN、DIP的强正相关性,与盐度的强负相关性,生物量表现出相同的相关性,总丰度表现出与DIN、盐度的正相关性。
涠洲岛附近海域浮游动物群落结构存在显著季节变化,聚类分析将群落划分为冬季类群、春季类群、夏季类群和秋季类群(图5)。浮游动物群落多样性Shannon-Wiener指数(H′)和群落均匀度指数(J′)都表现出冬春季较高、夏秋季较低的特点(表3),夏季群落单一物种优势度偏高,生物多样性低,春季群落物种丰富,生物多样性较高。全年共鉴定出浮游动物224种(类),包括浮游幼虫25种(类),与雷州半岛以东近岸海域、海南西北部近岸海域分别鉴定出231种(包括23类浮游幼虫)、215种(不包括浮游幼虫)相近[2122]。浮游动物种类数和种类组成均在春季最高、夏季最低(表1),各季节浮游动物种类组成均以桡足类最多(表1),其次是水螅水母类、毛颚类,这与北部湾北部、涠洲岛历年调查结果以桡足类和水螅水母类种类数居多的情况相一致[13, 18]。4个季节的优势种数量变化范围为5~9种,优势种种类大致可分为3个类群:近岸暖水类群、暖水广盐类群和外海广布类群,其中以暖水种居多,这与涠洲岛处于亚热带海区有关。浮游动物优势类群以桡足类−原生动物和胶质性生物−毛颚类−桡足类进行季节更替,季节更替明显。涠洲岛附近海域存在季节性季风,引起海域水团(沿岸水、陆架深层水和陆架混合水)季节变化[2325],进而影响海域水环境发生变化。冬季受到东北季风的影响水体以陆架深层水为主[24],外海高盐水随海流汇入,海域形成低温高盐的水体环境,适宜外海广布种精致真刺水蚤生长繁殖,其具有较宽的适温适盐范围,既能在高温高盐下生存,也能在低温下具有较强的适应力[26]。春季随着东北季风和水动力条件的减弱,水体以陆架混合水、陆架深层水为主[24],海域表层水体的低温陆架混合水范围缩小,但盐度仍保持较高水平,同时陆架深层水的补充,带来充足的氮源,海域DIN也保持较高水平,表明春季仍有持续的外部营养物质输入,给一些机会主义生物创造了良好机会,原生动物、胶质性生物大量生长繁殖成为了主要优势种类。夏季盛行西南季风且以沿岸水团为主[2324],海域表层水体整体呈现高温低盐特征,由于基本没有其他水团的汇入,涠洲岛海域营养盐匮乏,低Chl a也无法支撑机会主义种类的继续生长,典型亚热带沿岸种毛颚类肥胖箭虫成为第一优势种,它们随着水温升高而增长,在夏季达到最高值,这与徐兆礼和陈亚瞿的研究结果一致[27]。秋季处于季风过渡期,东北季风加强,水体以陆架深层水为主[24],与冬季水团一致,浮游动物优势种也以桡足类为主,此外,受到琼州海峡过道水的补充[23],氮盐浓度较夏季有提升,Chl a也呈较高水平,浮游动物优势种以暖水性类群为主,如亚强次真哲水蚤、微刺哲水蚤。可以得出,涠洲岛海域季风引起水团发生季节性变化驱动着浮游动物优势种的演替。
涠洲岛附近海域春季原生动物和胶质性生物大量增殖生长。之前的研究表明,夜光虫已经成为亚热带和热带海区发生赤潮的主要生物之一,也是我国赤潮发生频率较高的种类[2829]。粟启仲等[30]的研究表明,近20年广西北部湾近岸海域基本上每年都有赤潮发生,在2021年2月涠洲岛发生了面积为6400 km2的夜光虫赤潮,而且涠洲岛附近海域也曾发生过多次赤潮,表明了该海区仍存在一定的赤潮风险。除了夜光虫赤潮之外,近年来浮游被囊类作为胶质类浮游动物在全球暴发的数量和频率都呈增加态势[3132]。浮游被囊类生物大量生长增殖时,巨大的摄食压力可以耗尽真光层浮游植物[33],且其分泌产生的物质会抑制其他生物的增殖[3435]。本次调查夜光虫在冬季开始出现(1.09 ind./m3),在春季大量生长繁殖,达到丰度高峰(250.97 ind./m3),成为春季第一优势种;软拟海樽、宽肌纽鳃樽只在春季出现,成为了春季第二、第五优势种(表2),浮游被囊类丰度也达到了高值(204.88 ind./m3)。随着原生动物和胶质性生物的丰度和多样性增加,桡足类的优势度明显下降,虽种类数占据优势,但经计算其相对种类数与丰度均为全年最低。同时,研究海域春季水温较历年有小幅度上升趋势[36],有研究表明[3738],胶质性生物会随着温度上升而增加,降低杂食浮游动物和浮游植物的地位,有的海樽还会摄食哲水蚤的卵和幼体[39],导致主要饵料生物桡足类繁殖率降低,从而会引起热带地区中上层鱼类生物量的下降,这表明了未来更温暖的海洋中,胶质生物可能在食物网中的作用更强,并影响渔业资源。北部湾作为重要渔场,涠洲岛周边也分布着珊瑚礁等重要生态系统,该海域原生动物和胶质性生物大量生长带来的生态风险值得我们进一步关注。
涠洲岛附近海域浮游动物丰度与生物量季节变化显著,在春季均达到最高,丰度是夏季次之、冬季最低,生物量是秋季次之、夏季最低。这与南海其他近岸海域浮游动物研究结果不一致,如钦州湾浮游动物丰度和生物量秋季均高于春季[40],湛江湾、流沙湾浮游动物丰度和生物量冬季均高于春季[4142],这可能是由于钦州湾、湛江湾与涠洲岛海域水文化学环境不同所致。钦州湾、湛江湾海域受到大陆径流的影响,营养盐和Chl a等往往呈现出夏季(丰水期)高冬季(枯水期)低的特征,而涠洲岛海域位于靠外海域没有径流注入,且受海岛地形和海流的影响,营养盐和Chl a呈现出相反的季节变化特征,导致了浮游动物丰度和生物量季节变化的明显不同。RDA显示(图6),影响涠洲岛附近海域浮游动物丰度和生物量主要环境因素是水温、营养盐和Chl a。水温会影响浮游动物的新陈代谢速度,水温过高或过低均对浮游动物的生长发育和繁殖产生不利影响[43]。研究海域冬季水温最低,对多数浮游动物的生长繁殖有抑制作用,浮游幼虫丰度较春夏季节偏低(表1),总丰度为全年最低水平。春季随着水温回升,浮游动物总丰度、生物量与主要优势种与水温有强正相关性,浮游动物进入繁殖旺盛期,各类群丰度均有增加,丰度、生物量均达到最高值。夏季水温最高,胶质性生物(浮游被囊类、水母类)丰度大幅降低(表1),总丰度只有春季的15%,生物量降为各季节最低。浮游动物丰度、生物量与水温密切相关,表明水温影响浮游动物丰度、生物量季节变化。研究海域水温平面分布特征与冬季、夏季浮游动物生物量分布特征具有相似性(图2图4),显示水温是影响冬、夏季浮游动物生物量空间分布格局的主要环境因素之一。
除了水温,涠洲岛海域营养盐和Chl a的季节变化对浮游动物的季节变化也有一定的影响。本文调查发现,冬季前后,海区环境呈现出低温高盐、高营养盐的特征,进而促进了浮游植物大量生长,秋冬季节Chl a明显高于夏季。因涠洲岛不受地表径流输入营养盐的影响,冬季营养盐的补充很可能是受到从粤西沿岸进来的北部湾底部海流容易在涠洲岛附近海域形成上升流[4445],当上升流涌上海面,海水显示出低温高盐的特征,这与本次调查温盐及营养盐结果一致。上升流给研究海域带来充足的营养物质并促进浮游植物大量生长,可能是影响秋冬季浮游动物较夏季高生物量的重要原因。春季浮游动物具有高丰度和高生物量的特征,但此时Chl a处于低值,可能是由于春季浮游动物对浮游植物的下行调控作用超过了浮游植物对浮游动物的上行调控作用,也可能是上升流促进浮游植物大量生长对浮游动物的影响有一定的滞后性。马捷[46]研究也表明,随海流进入的有机碎屑及不含叶绿素的饵料生物可能成为浮游动物的主要食物来源,本次调查中春季DIN浓度仍保持较高水平很可能表明上升流还未完全消失,因而仍能支撑春季非常高的浮游动物丰度和生物量。但春季DIP已接近匮乏(图2)也表明了上升流现象已在消退无法支撑浮游植物的生长需求,非常低的营养盐和Chl a浓度,导致了夏季浮游动物丰度和生物量的急剧下降。在我们进行的同期调查中发现,浮游植物优势种结构变化由春季均是硅藻组成转变为夏秋季节以硅藻、蓝藻和甲藻等多门类组成,与海域营养盐显著的季节性差异有关。冬春季节海域营养盐相比夏秋季节明显较高,适应高营养盐的硅藻成为绝对的优势种类[4748],浮游动物因得以丰富的饵料大量生长繁殖,在春季丰度和生物量达到全年最高值;夏秋季节营养盐浓度明显偏低,尤其是无机氮夏季浓度只有春季的20%,无机氮匮乏使得一些具有固氮能力的蓝藻以及更高营养盐摄取能力的甲藻得以生长成为优势种,导致浮游动物的食物质量大大下降,进而引起浮游动物丰度和生物量减少。有研究表明,蓝藻能较强的抵抗捕食从而抑制浮游动物的生长[4950],这与本调查夏季浮游动物丰度和生物量较低一致。研究海域Chl a浓度平面分布特征与冬、春、秋季浮游动物生物量及冬季浮游动物丰度分布特征相似,营养盐浓度平面分布特征与春、秋季浮游动物生物量及秋季浮游动物丰度分布特征具有相似性(图24),显示Chl a、营养盐是影响冬、春、秋季浮游动物空间分布格局的主要环境因素之一。
综上所述,浮游动物丰度和生物量的季节变化受海域多种环境因素季节性变化的影响,水温、盐度为浮游动物的生理、生命活动提供了环境基础,食物供应在其存活占据了主导作用,而营养盐对浮游动物的影响主要是通过浮游植物间接起作用。
浮游动物是海洋生态系统中非常重要的一大生态类群,既是初级生产力的消费者,也是次级生产力,在浮游植物和游泳动物食物链之间扮演重要角色[5152],其中,主要饵料浮游动物类群(桡足类、磷虾、糠虾、浮游幼虫)是海洋经济水产动物直接或者间接的饵料[53],其种类组成和数量分布与渔业关系极为密切。浮游动物尤其是重要饵料生物的桡足类丰度季节变化可能是研究海域布氏鲸迁徙的重要因素。涠洲岛在历史上和现在都被开发为重要渔场[5455],自2018年以来,布氏鲸在涠洲岛附近即本次调查的海域频繁出现觅食行为,这表明了该海域丰富的渔业资源吸引着布氏鲸迁徙到这个海域捕食和活动,作为饵料生物的浮游动物与其有着密不可分的关系。根据文献[5657]与我们在涠洲岛海域布氏鲸调查中发现,布氏鲸主要摄食鱼类为小沙丁鱼和汉氏棱鳀等鳀科,均是以桡足类为主要摄食对象的经济鱼类[5859]。布氏鲸通常在秋末冬初迁徙到研究海域[10, 12],冬末春初是在研究海域观测到布氏鲸出现和捕食最多、最活跃的季节,而在春末迁徙离开研究海域,夏季和秋初几乎没有出现布氏鲸的报道。本次调查中,涠洲岛附近海域浮游动物桡足类丰度以秋季(74.62 ind./m3)最高,冬季和春季也保持较高的水平,夏季最低,为17.82 ind./m3表1),与布氏鲸在该海域季节性迁徙规律吻合,表明了涠洲岛附近海域布氏鲸的迁徙规律与浮游动物桡足类丰度的季节变化密切相关。涠洲岛海域秋季高Chl a浓度、低营养盐浓度可能是因为浮游植物大量生长或处于季风过渡期导致在表层营养盐浓度仍较低,而浮游植物大量生长也有效促进了桡足类得以大量增殖生长,进而给布氏鲸主要摄食鱼类提供充足的食物来源,以此吸引布氏鲸迁徙而来。冬春季因上升流存在营养盐浓度保持高值,桡足类继而繁衍增殖,给主要摄食鱼类提供丰富食物,布氏鲸得以在涠洲岛海域持续性猎食。而春末之后随着上升流消失营养盐匮乏,桡足类急剧减少,导致了渔业资源减少无法再支撑布氏鲸巨量的捕食需求,从而导致其离开寻求更适合的捕食场。这与文献[6062]研究认为猎物的数量和时空的可利性会影响布氏鲸的数量和季节性迁徙行为一致,进一步说明了作为布氏鲸猎物赖以生存的饵料生物桡足类丰度的季节变化间接影响着布氏鲸的迁徙。
  • 国家自然科学基金(U23A2048)
  • 广西北部湾海洋资源环境与可持续发展重点实验室开放基金资助项目(MRESD-2022-B04)
  • 科技基础资源调查专项(2023FY100800)
  • 广西科技基地和人才专项(桂科AD23026330)
  • 广西自然科学基金(2023GXNSFBA026253)
  • 广西重点研发计划(桂科AB22035065)
  • 广西重点研发计划(桂科AB22035035)
  • 北部湾海洋生态环境广西野外科学观测研究站科研能力建设项目(桂科23-026-271)
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2024年第46卷第9期
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文章信息
doi: 10.12284/hyxb2024094
  • 接收时间:2023-12-26
  • 首发时间:2025-11-26
  • 出版时间:2024-09-01
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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-26
  • 修回日期:2024-05-06
基金
国家自然科学基金(U23A2048)
广西北部湾海洋资源环境与可持续发展重点实验室开放基金资助项目(MRESD-2022-B04)
科技基础资源调查专项(2023FY100800)
广西科技基地和人才专项(桂科AD23026330)
广西自然科学基金(2023GXNSFBA026253)
广西重点研发计划(桂科AB22035065)
广西重点研发计划(桂科AB22035035)
北部湾海洋生态环境广西野外科学观测研究站科研能力建设项目(桂科23-026-271)
作者信息
    1.广西壮族自治区海洋环境监测中心站 北部湾海洋生态环境广西野外科学观测研究站,广西 北海 536000
    2.自然资源部第四海洋研究所 广西北部湾海洋资源环境与可持续发展重点实验室,广西 北海 536000
    3.广西大学 资源环境与材料学院,广西 南宁 530000
    4.深圳大学高等研究院,广东 深圳,518060

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*蓝文陆(1980—),男,广西壮族自治区河池市人,正高级工程师,研究方向海洋生态学。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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