Article(id=1200484851737547265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1200484846570164701, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12284/hyxb2024100, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1696435200000, receivedDateStr=2023-10-05, revisedDate=1715184000000, revisedDateStr=2024-05-09, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764147492582, onlineDateStr=2025-11-26, pubDate=1725120000000, pubDateStr=2024-09-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764147492582, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764147492582, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764147492582, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1200484846570164701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2024', volume='46', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='130', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=0, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764147491352, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764147714593, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200485782961124251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1200484846570164701, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200485782961124252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1200484846570164701, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=88, endPage=95, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200484852152783371, articleId=1200484851737547265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Study on the relationship between catch of Thunnus alalunga and climatic factors based on BP neural network, columnId=1194652705852465724, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to investigate the impact of climate change on the catch of bigeye tuna, we utilized the annual Pacific bigeye tuna catch data from 1960 to 2021, which was statistically compiled by the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission. We also employed corresponding monthly climate indices, including Niño1+2, Niño3, Niño4, Niño3.4, Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), North Pacific Index (NPI), and global sea-air temperature anomaly (dT). By using a BP neural network and variable sensitivity analysis, we examined the relationship between these low-frequency climate factors and bigeye tuna catch. Our findings revealed that Niño1+2, SOI, NAO, PDO, NPI, and dT are relatively independent climate factors that have an impact on bigeye tuna catch. The optimal lag orders for these climate factors were determined to be 8 years for Niño1+2, 2 years for SOI, 9 years for NAO, 0 years for PDO, 9 years for NPI, and 3 years for dT. Among these factors, Niño1+2, SOI, and NAO were identified as the key climate factors influencing bigeye tuna catch. We constructed an optimal BP neural network model with a structure of 6-8-1, and the ratio of the difference between the predicted and actual bigeye tuna catch to the actual catch has been maintained within 15% since 1971. Additionally, the trend of the predicted and actual catch was found to be basically consistent, indicating a satisfactory level of model fit.

, correspAuthors=Xiaorong Zou, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Haiyang Xuebao, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Peng Ding, Xiaorong Zou, Hui Xu, Shuyi Ding, Siqi Bai, Zi Hui Zhang), CN=ArticleExt(id=1200484854061191764, articleId=1200484851737547265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=基于BP神经网络的长鳍金枪鱼渔获量与气候因子关系研究, columnId=1149698756456657529, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探讨气候变化对长鳍金枪鱼渔获量的影响,利用中西太平洋渔业委员会统计的1960−2021年太平洋长鳍金枪鱼年度渔获量和对应的厄尔尼诺指标(Niño1+2、Niño3、Niño4以及Niño3.4)、南方涛动指数(SOI)、北大西洋涛动(NAO)、太平洋年代际涛动(PDO)、北太平洋指数(NPI)以及全球海气温度异常指标(dT)等月度数据,采用BP神经网络和变量敏感性分析法探讨了低频气候因子与长鳍金枪鱼渔获量的关系;构建了结构为6-8-1的最优BP神经网络模型,对长鳍金枪鱼渔获量进行了预测。结果表明,Niño1+2、SOI、NAO、PDO、NPI、dT为影响长鳍金枪鱼渔获量相对独立的气候因子,其对应的最佳滞后阶数依次为8年、2年、9年、0年、9年、3年。Niño1+2、SOI、NAO为影响长鳍金枪鱼渔获量的关键气候因子。长鳍金枪鱼渔获量预测值和实际值差值与实际值的比值自1971年后基本维持在15%以内,预测值与实际值变化趋势基本一致,模型拟合效果良好。

, correspAuthors=邹晓荣, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*邹晓荣(1971—),男,硕士,副教授,从事捕捞学研究。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《海洋学报》编辑部 2024, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=qmB32IFSTpO/ILNiMgxgMQ==, magXml=qaJ5RgyMDbWMooUxNvX3fQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=0zDdTR9jlEhkFshVmZL17A==, pdfFileSize=940197, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=Qe3kaDY+mJW2XkZTNuZPAA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=EAUbytcmVmKhoL6/45vLOQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

丁鹏(1994—),男,山东省淄博市人,研究方向为渔业资源学。E-mail:

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丁鹏(1994—),男,山东省淄博市人,研究方向为渔业资源学。E-mail:

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丁鹏(1994—),男,山东省淄博市人,研究方向为渔业资源学。E-mail:

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基于BP神经网络的长鳍金枪鱼渔获量与气候因子关系研究
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丁鹏 1 , 邹晓荣 1, 2, 3, * , 许回 4 , 丁淑仪 5 , 白思琦 1 , 张子辉 6
海洋学报 | 论文 2024,46(9): 88-95
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海洋学报 | 论文 2024, 46(9): 88-95
基于BP神经网络的长鳍金枪鱼渔获量与气候因子关系研究
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丁鹏1 , 邹晓荣1, 2, 3, * , 许回4, 丁淑仪5, 白思琦1, 张子辉6
作者信息
  • 1.上海海洋大学 海洋生物资源与管理学院,上海 201306
  • 2.远洋渔业创新中心,上海 201306
  • 3.大洋渔业资源可持续开发省部共建教育部重点实验室,上海 201306
  • 4.北海道大学 水产科学研究院,日本 北海道 0418611
  • 5.山东女子学院 教育学院,山东 济南 250300
  • 6.山东鲁抗医药股份有限公司,山东 济宁 272100
  • 丁鹏(1994—),男,山东省淄博市人,研究方向为渔业资源学。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*邹晓荣(1971—),男,硕士,副教授,从事捕捞学研究。E-mail:
Study on the relationship between catch of Thunnus alalunga and climatic factors based on BP neural network
Peng Ding1 , Xiaorong Zou1, 2, 3, * , Hui Xu4, Shuyi Ding5, Siqi Bai1, Zi Hui Zhang6
Affiliations
  • 1. College of Marine Living Resource Sciences and Management, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
  • 2. Collaborative Innovation Center for National Distant-water Fisheries, Shanghai 201306, China
  • 3. Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China
  • 4. Graduate School of Fisheries Science, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 0418611, Japan
  • 5. School of Education, Shandong Women’s University, Jinan 250300, China
  • 6. Shandong Lukang Pharmaceutical Co, JiNing 277100, China
出版时间: 2024-09-01 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2024100
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为探讨气候变化对长鳍金枪鱼渔获量的影响,利用中西太平洋渔业委员会统计的1960−2021年太平洋长鳍金枪鱼年度渔获量和对应的厄尔尼诺指标(Niño1+2、Niño3、Niño4以及Niño3.4)、南方涛动指数(SOI)、北大西洋涛动(NAO)、太平洋年代际涛动(PDO)、北太平洋指数(NPI)以及全球海气温度异常指标(dT)等月度数据,采用BP神经网络和变量敏感性分析法探讨了低频气候因子与长鳍金枪鱼渔获量的关系;构建了结构为6-8-1的最优BP神经网络模型,对长鳍金枪鱼渔获量进行了预测。结果表明,Niño1+2、SOI、NAO、PDO、NPI、dT为影响长鳍金枪鱼渔获量相对独立的气候因子,其对应的最佳滞后阶数依次为8年、2年、9年、0年、9年、3年。Niño1+2、SOI、NAO为影响长鳍金枪鱼渔获量的关键气候因子。长鳍金枪鱼渔获量预测值和实际值差值与实际值的比值自1971年后基本维持在15%以内,预测值与实际值变化趋势基本一致,模型拟合效果良好。

气候变化  /  长鳍金枪鱼  /  相关性分析  /  BP神经网络

In order to investigate the impact of climate change on the catch of bigeye tuna, we utilized the annual Pacific bigeye tuna catch data from 1960 to 2021, which was statistically compiled by the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission. We also employed corresponding monthly climate indices, including Niño1+2, Niño3, Niño4, Niño3.4, Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), North Pacific Index (NPI), and global sea-air temperature anomaly (dT). By using a BP neural network and variable sensitivity analysis, we examined the relationship between these low-frequency climate factors and bigeye tuna catch. Our findings revealed that Niño1+2, SOI, NAO, PDO, NPI, and dT are relatively independent climate factors that have an impact on bigeye tuna catch. The optimal lag orders for these climate factors were determined to be 8 years for Niño1+2, 2 years for SOI, 9 years for NAO, 0 years for PDO, 9 years for NPI, and 3 years for dT. Among these factors, Niño1+2, SOI, and NAO were identified as the key climate factors influencing bigeye tuna catch. We constructed an optimal BP neural network model with a structure of 6-8-1, and the ratio of the difference between the predicted and actual bigeye tuna catch to the actual catch has been maintained within 15% since 1971. Additionally, the trend of the predicted and actual catch was found to be basically consistent, indicating a satisfactory level of model fit.

climate change  /  Thunnus alalunga  /  correlation analysis  /  BP neural network model
丁鹏, 邹晓荣, 许回, 丁淑仪, 白思琦, 张子辉. 基于BP神经网络的长鳍金枪鱼渔获量与气候因子关系研究. 海洋学报, 2024 , 46 (9) : 88 -95 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2024100
Peng Ding, Xiaorong Zou, Hui Xu, Shuyi Ding, Siqi Bai, Zi Hui Zhang. Study on the relationship between catch of Thunnus alalunga and climatic factors based on BP neural network[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2024 , 46 (9) : 88 -95 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2024100
长鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus alalunga)广泛分布于三大洋和地中海海域[1],是一种重要的经济鱼种,太平洋是其最大的渔场,但自1993年以来长鳍金枪鱼的渔获量却呈减小趋势[2],因此研究太平洋长鳍金枪鱼渔场空间分布特征及资源丰度对气候因子的响应在近年来逐步引起海内外学者关注[3]
国内外学者在研究长鳍金枪鱼资源分布与海洋环境或气候变化之间的关系时,指出海洋与气候因子是影响长鳍金枪鱼资源分布的关键因子,但在分析长鳍金枪鱼资源丰度受海洋环境和气候变化影响时,主要以海洋环境因子和在气候发生模式转换时对长鳍金枪鱼的影响为主,缺乏气候变化对长鳍金枪鱼渔业的长期影响分析。例如Kinura等[4]基于1970−1988年日本在北太平洋的延绳钓数据研究了长鳍金枪鱼的洄游与海洋气候的关系,认为长鳍金枪鱼在厄尔尼诺期间的逆时针洄游路径比在拉尼娜期间宽,但实际上影响太平洋长鳍金枪鱼的海洋气候因子除了厄尔尼诺还包含太平洋涛动等其他因素;袁红春等[5]认为厄尔尼诺−拉尼娜现象会引起长鳍金枪鱼产卵、洄游路线、渔场分布等鱼类行为变化,但未能分析气候变化对长鳍金枪鱼渔获量的内在影响机制;许回等[6]基于广义加性模型研究影响长鳍金枪鱼单位捕捞努力量渔获量(Catch Per Unit Effort, CPUE)与海洋环境的关系,结果显示海表面温度是影响长鳍金枪鱼CPUE的最显著因子,但未考虑气候因子及其滞后性对渔场的影响;Lu等[7]研究南太平洋长鳍金枪鱼与厄尔尼诺/南方涛动的关系时,分析了气候滞后年限对CPUE分布的影响,但未明确厄尔尼诺的相关指标。本文基于BP神经网络模型,综合考虑了影响太平洋长鳍金枪鱼渔获量的气候因素及其滞后效应,构建了长鳍金枪鱼渔情预测模型,探讨气候变化对长鳍金枪鱼渔获量的长期影响,为长鳍金枪鱼渔场与气候因子的相关研究提供参考,同时为太平洋长鳍金枪鱼渔业管理提供依据。
渔业数据来自中西太平洋渔业委员会(Western & Central Pacific Fisheries Commission, WCPFC)所提供的太平洋长鳍金枪鱼年度渔获量(catch)数据,时间跨度为1960−2021年。
气候变化表征因子数据来源于美国国家海洋和大气管理局(https://www.esrl.noaa.gov)发布的厄尔尼诺相关指标(Niño1+2、Niño3、Niño4以及Niño3.4)、南方涛动指数(Southern Oscillation Index,SOI)、北大西洋涛动(North Atlantic Oscillation,NAO)、太平洋年代际涛动(Pacific Decadal Oscillation,PDO)、北太平洋指数(North Pacific Index,NPI);全球海气温度异常指标(dT)等9种气候因子的月度数据由英国气象局哈德利中心(https://www.metoffice.gov.uk)所提供。时间跨度均为1960−2021年。
直接选用原始数据建模,不足以获得准确的预测模型[8]。为有利于模型的建立,需将原始数据进行归一化的处理。由于Min-Max归一化[9]具有不改变原始数据分布的优点,本文选定该方法对原始数据做一次线性变换,将原始数据映射到[0, 1]之间。首先对气候因子数据依据计算公式(1)[10]获得年度平均数据,依据计算公式(2)[8]对气候因子数据及长鳍金枪鱼渔获量数据进行归一化处理,计算公式为
$ g\mathit{_i}=\frac{1}{12}\sum\limits_{j=1}^{12}g_{ij}, $
$ {x_{{\mathrm{new}}}} = \frac{{x -{\mathrm{ Min}}}}{{{\mathrm{Max}} - {\mathrm{Min}}}}, $
式中:gi为气候表征因子i年的年平均数据,gij为气候因子第ij月的月度数据,xnewx、Min、Max分别为年度气候因子数据和长鳍金枪鱼渔获量数据的归一化数据、原始数据、原始数据最小值、原始数据最大值。
Spearman秩相关系数可衡量两个变量间相关度[11],不易受异常值干扰,数据不需满足正态分布的特点,不仅可度量变量间的简单线性关系,也可度量复杂的单调关系的强弱,因为长鳍金枪鱼渔获量与气候变化表征因子之间的关系往往是非简单的线性关系[12],故本研究选用Spearman秩相关系数来度量长鳍金枪鱼渔获量与气候变化表征因子间的相关关系。计算公式[11]
$ p=1-\frac{6\sum_{ }^{ }d_i^2}{n(n^2-1)}, $
式中:p为秩相关系数;di为两个变量的等级之差;p的取值范围为[−1,1],绝对值越大,表示相关性越强;n为样本容量。
互相关分析可以通过两列信号相似程度最大时,得到两列信号的时间差[13]。在渔业上,互相关分析常用于判断鱼群的最大滞后年限[14]。有研究表明[12]气候变化因子在渔业上的影响有15 a的滞后性,本文选取最大滞后年限为15 a,各个气候变化表征因子与长鳍金枪鱼渔获量的互相关系数绝对值最大时为气候变化表征因子的最佳滞后年限,其表达式[10]
$ R(t)=E(X_{S+T}Y_S^{ }), $
式中:R(t)为XS+TYS在滞后年限t年的互相关系数,E(·)为期望值函数,t为滞后年限,XS+TYS为时间序列,两个序列的相关程度越大,R(t)越大。
BP神经网络相比支持向量机、随机森林算法等具备更好的兼容性和匹配性[15],并且其具有结构简单、较强的自学习性和适应性的优点[16],被广泛地应用于数据的预测。本研究使用matlab(R2023a)软件构建最优BP神经网络模型,并对长鳍金枪鱼渔获量进行预测。以1960−2012年气候表征因子滞后数据和长鳍金枪鱼渔获量数据作为训练样本,2013−2021年气候表征因子滞后数据和长鳍金枪鱼渔获量数据作为测试样本,建立一个3层BP神经网络模型[1718];训练样本∶测试样本 = 53∶9。以气候表征因子的滞后数据作为输入变量,长鳍金枪鱼渔获量数据作为输出变量。设置隐含层转换函数和输出层转换函数分别为单极性Sigmoid函数(tansig)和线性函数(purelin)。LM算法具有非常快速的收敛性[12],是一种二阶非线性优化算法,故本文选择LM算法进行样本训练。设置网络最大训练次数为 1000 次。利用隐含层节点数经验公式[7]计算得到隐含层的节点数:
$ m=\sqrt{k+l}+\alpha, $
式中:k为输入层节点数;l为输出层节点数;α为1~10之间的常数;m为隐含层节点数。
由经验公式(5)计算得到不同的隐含层节点数,每个节点构建一套BP神经网络模型,每套模型训练100次,计算模型每次训练的效率系数[19](coefficient of efficiency, E),用每套模型的最优效率系数指代该模型的性能指标。效率系数越接近1表示预测值与实际值越接近,模型越优良[20]。计算公式[19]
$ E = 1 - \frac{{\displaystyle\sum_{i = 1}^s {{{({O_i} - {P_i})}^2}} }}{{\displaystyle\sum_{i = 1}^s {{{({O_i} - \rlap{--} O)}^2}} }}, $
式中:Oi为渔获量实际值;Pi为渔获量预测值;$\rlap{--} O $为渔获量实际值的平均值;s为样本总数;E为效率系数。
最后将气候变化表征因子滞后数据以及长鳍金枪鱼渔获量数据输入长鳍金枪鱼渔获量预测最优BP神经网络模型,得到渔获量的预测值,比较预测值与实际值的变化趋势。计算预测值和实际值差值与实际值的比值[1718],验证预测的准确性。
敏感性分析法是在最优BP神经网络模型的基础上,用来解释变量与因变量之间的关系[21],该方法能描述各个气候变化表征因子对长鳍金枪鱼渔获量重要性程度[22],本文采用敏感性分析法中的Garson算法的改进算法[22]来判断各个气候变化表征因子对长鳍金枪鱼渔获量的影响程度。计算公式[22]
$ {Q}_{i}=\frac{{\displaystyle \sum _{j=1}^{m}\left(\left|{w}_{ij}{f}_{j}\right|/{\displaystyle \sum _{r=1}^{n}\left|{w}_{ij}\right|}\right)}}{{\displaystyle \sum _{i=1}^{n}{\displaystyle \sum _{j=1}^{m}\left(\left|{w}_{ij}{f}_{j}\right|/{\displaystyle \sum _{r=1}^{n}\left|{w}_{ij}\right|}\right)}}}, $
式中:wij是输入层第i个变量对隐含层第j个神经元的权重,fj是隐含层第j(i = 1, 2, ···, n; j = 1, 2, ···, m)个神经元对输出层的权重。由公式(7)可知,可以依据敏感系数值大小来判断不同气候因子对长鳍金枪鱼渔获量的影响程度大小。
图1 Spearman秩相关系数可见,气候变化表征因子Niño1+2与Niño3、Niño4、Niño3.4、SOI、NAO、PDO、NPI、dT间的相关系数分别为0.912、0.603、0.783、−0.678、0.179、0.405、−0.297、0.185;Niño3与Niño4、Niño3.4、SOI、NAO、PDO、NPI、dT间的相关系数分别为0.81、0.948、−0.837、0.132、0.467、−0.312、0.22;Niño4与Niño3.4、SOI、NAO、PDO、NPI、dT间的相关系数分别为0.912、−0.868、0.135、0.547、−0.307、0.368;Niño3.4与SOI、NAO、PDO、NPI、dT间的相关系数分别为−0.928、0.124、0.492、−0.3、0.158;SOI与NAO、PDO、NPI、dT间的相关系数分别为−0.145、−0.586、0.408、−0.099;NAO与PDO、NPI、dT间的相关系数分别为0.139、0.067、0.026;PDO与NPI、dT间的相关系数分别为−0.674、0.236;NPI与dT间的相关系数为−0.102。为避免高度相关的气候变化表征因子在BP神经网络预测模型中对预测结果赋予过度的权值,选取相关系数绝对值在0.7以下的气候因子集,得到Niño1+2、SOI、NAO、PDO、NPI、dT这6个相对独立的气候变化表征因子集。
图2气候表征因子与长鳍金枪鱼互相关关系图可知,Niño1+2、SOI、NAO、PDO、NPI、dT与长鳍金枪鱼渔获量的互相关系绝对值分别在8年、2年、9年、0年、9年、3年时达到峰值。其滞后年限各不相同,最大时为NAO的NPI的9年,最小时为PDO的0年。最佳滞后年限的相关系数与0年的相关系数比值分别为1.7、1.2、2.6、1、2、1.1,代表两者之间的差别最大的为NAO的2.6倍,最小的为PDO的1倍。
由经验公式(5)计算可知,隐含层的节点数为3~13个,即有11套BP神经网络模型运算方案。由图3可见隐含层节点数3~13个的最优效率系数,依次为0.32530.29390.37420.38730.56350.66020.60910.56920.41250.44310.3123。在隐含层节点数为8时值最大,隐含层节点数为4时值最小,因此隐含层节点数为8时定义为预测长鳍金枪鱼渔获量的最优BP神经网络预测模型,构建6-8-1结构的最优BP神经网络模型。
图4长鳍金枪鱼渔获量预测值与实际值对比图可见,1960−2021年长鳍金枪鱼渔获量实际值与预测值的变化趋势基本相同,整体均呈现先递增后递减再递增最后递减的趋势。1980年前渔获量预测值与实际值差异明显,1980年后渔获量预测值与实际值差异减弱。长鳍金枪鱼渔获量预测值与实际值均在1990年前后达到低谷后逐步提高至2003年前后的峰值,2003年后长鳍金枪鱼渔获量预测值与实际值均呈现先上升后下降趋势。
图5显示,长鳍金枪鱼渔获量预测值和实际值的差值与实际值的比值,在1962年达到峰值35%左右,后逐步降低至1971年的20%左右,1971年后长鳍金枪鱼渔获量预测值和实际值的差值占实际值的比值基本稳定在15%以内,且10%以内占比较10%~15%以内占比高。
最优BP神经网络模型预测的输入层对隐含层的权值,隐含层对输出层的权值,由公式(7)计算可得,气候变化表征因子Niño1+2、SOI、NAO、PDO、NPI、dT对长鳍金枪鱼渔获量的敏感系数分别为0.22610.20950.19390.10490.13850.1372图6)。Niño1+2为影响长鳍金枪鱼渔获量最显著的气候变化表征因子,其次为SOI与NAO,以上3个气候因子对长鳍金枪鱼渔获量的敏感系数均在0.2左右。NPI与dT的敏感系数均在0.14以下,PDO对长鳍金枪鱼渔获量的敏感系数在6个气候因子中最低在0.1左右。因此Niño1+2、SOI、NAO可作为影响长鳍金枪鱼渔获量的关键气候变化表征因子。
本文依据Spearman秩相关分析方法从气候变化表征因子Niño1+2、Niño3、Niño4、Niño3.4、SOI、NAO、PDO、NPI、dT间筛选出了Niño1+2、SOI、NAO、PDO、NPI、dT这6个相互独立的气候因子。分析认为可能与Niño1+2、Niño3、Niño4、Niño3.4为描述不同区域的厄尔尼诺有关。王靓等[23]认为当气候发生变化时,由于海洋自身的热惯性,特定区域的海洋生态系统响应规模较气候系统小且表现出时空异步性,鱼类资源丰度可能存在滞后的响应。本文利用互相关分析方法分析认为气候变化表征因子Niño1+2、SOI、NAO、PDO、NPI、dT对长鳍金枪鱼渔获量的影响的最佳滞后年限分别为8年、2年、9年、0年、9年、3年。Lu等[7]研究认为在10°~30°S海域中的长鳍金枪鱼CPUE在厄尔尼诺−拉尼娜现象发生8年后会下降的现象也侧面印证了本文的结论。分析认为,这可能由于大尺度的气候不仅与鱼类资源变化有直接的相关关系,而且通过改变其他其他生物及非生物因素对鱼类产生间接影响,从而产生滞后效应[23]
本文由经验公式计算得到不同的隐含层节点数,从而构建了11套BP神经网络预测模型,以效率系数为模型的评价指标,构建了6-8-1的最优BP神经网络模型结构。依据最优BP神经网络预测模型预测出的长鳍金枪鱼渔获量预测值与实际值基本呈现一致的变化趋势。长鳍金枪鱼渔获量预测值与实际值整体均呈现先递增后递减再递增最后递减的趋势。长鳍金枪鱼渔获量预测值与实际值的差值和实际值的比值也呈现由高向低的变化趋势,自1971年后基本维持在15%以内,这表明最优BP神经网络模型预测效果显著。分析认为1971年以前的预测效果相较1971年以后的预测效果差,这可能与早年间渔业数据收集不完整有关,与官文江等[24]研究认为的部分渔业数据缺失,从而导致模型预测精度下降相呼应。
对于本文敏感性分析提出的Niño1+2、SOI、NAO为影响长鳍金枪鱼渔获量的3个主要气候变化表征因子,已有众多研究表明它们对渔业的影响。在厄尔尼诺−南方涛动方面;王靓等[23]、肖启华和黄硕琳[25] 、Lehodey等[26]认为,由于气候变化引起的海水温度等海洋环境的变化会引起长鳍金枪鱼渔获量及其分布的变化[232526],其中海表温度影响显著。程懿麒等[21]认为,海表温度与长鳍金枪鱼幼鱼的生长息息相关,成鱼也需要在适宜的海表温度下产卵。滞后现象可能由于厄尔尼诺−拉尼娜现象发生时对海洋环境因子等的影响有滞后效应,后通过海洋环境因子的变化影响了长鳍金枪鱼产卵和补充量[27],进而影响长鳍金枪鱼的渔获量。此外,有研究发现,鱼类种群的分布[2829]、繁殖[30]、渔获量[3132]、渔场空间分布[33]等方面均与之密切相关。在NAO方面;主要通过调节海水温度、上层洋流、海洋密度层结等过程,影响海水pH值、营养盐分等的变化,从而对长鳍金枪鱼的渔获量产生影响[3435]。Wu等[36]发现北太平洋的海气耦合作用通过NAO等气候因子调节全球的气候变化。肖启华[12]认为,NAO调节着40°~60°N之间西风的强弱,正NAO时西风增强且北移,温度升高,负NAO时则相反。本文所探讨的 Niño1+2、SOI、dT、NAO、PDO、NPI 等气候因子对长鳍金枪鱼的影响机理尚未完全清晰,后续需要进一步研究。
本文将气候变化表征因子作为影响长鳍金枪鱼渔获量的唯一影响因素进行研究,探讨长鳍金枪鱼渔获量受气候变化的长期影响,这有别于将气候变化变量作为影响因素之一或海洋环境变量作为影响因素的诸多短期研究[3738],短期研究多选择海面温度等周期较短的海洋环境变量或在某个低频气候出现模式转换的时间区间进行研究。采用周期较长的低频气候因子研究可以从全球角度来分析长鳍金枪鱼渔业资源受气候变化的长期影响。同时,本文以气候因子作为唯一的影响因素对长鳍金枪鱼渔获量进行研究,凸显了影响长鳍金枪鱼资源的气候原因,研究结果可为长鳍金枪鱼渔业管理提供基础资料。
  • 渔业生产数据收集(D−8002−12−0127−2)
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2024年第46卷第9期
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doi: 10.12284/hyxb2024100
  • 接收时间:2023-10-05
  • 首发时间:2025-11-26
  • 出版时间:2024-09-01
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  • 收稿日期:2023-10-05
  • 修回日期:2024-05-09
基金
渔业生产数据收集(D−8002−12−0127−2)
作者信息
    1.上海海洋大学 海洋生物资源与管理学院,上海 201306
    2.远洋渔业创新中心,上海 201306
    3.大洋渔业资源可持续开发省部共建教育部重点实验室,上海 201306
    4.北海道大学 水产科学研究院,日本 北海道 0418611
    5.山东女子学院 教育学院,山东 济南 250300
    6.山东鲁抗医药股份有限公司,山东 济宁 272100

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*邹晓荣(1971—),男,硕士,副教授,从事捕捞学研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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