Article(id=1200484847417421925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1200484846570164701, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12284/hyxb2024110, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1713715200000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-22, revisedDate=1716998400000, revisedDateStr=2024-05-30, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764147491554, onlineDateStr=2025-11-26, pubDate=1725120000000, pubDateStr=2024-09-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764147491554, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764147491554, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764147491554, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1200484846570164701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2024', volume='46', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='130', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=0, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764147491352, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764147714593, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200485782961124251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1200484846570164701, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200485782961124252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1200484846570164701, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=52, endPage=63, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200484847681663079, articleId=1200484847417421925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Temporal and spatial variation characteristics of net-collected phytoplankton community structure and its relationship with key environmental factors in the artificial reef area of Xiangyun Bay, Hebei Province, columnId=1194652705852465724, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to investigate the characteristics and spatial-temporal variations of the phytoplankton community in artificial reef areas, as well as to elucidate the relationship between phytoplankton abundance and environmental factors associated with artificial reef construction, four surveys were conducted in 2021 (May, August, November) and 2022 (January) at two artificial reef areas and a control area in Xiangyun Bay. A total of 70 phytoplankton taxa belonging to 39 genera and 3 classes were identified in this study. The annual average abundance of phytoplankton in the artificial reef areas was recorded as 313.5 × 104 cells/m3, which were 1.4 times higher than that observed in the control area. Except in spring, the richness index, diversity index and evenness index of phytoplankton in the artificial reef areas were higher than those in the control area. The succession rate of dominant species from spring to summer and from summer to autumu in the reef areas were lower than that in the control area, suggesting greater stability of community structure within artificial reef areas compared to the control area. The biological increment index for each phytoplankton taxon ranged from 0.9 to 3.6; notably, Bacillariophyta displayed an average biological increment index value of 1.8. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that phytoplankton abundance was primarily influenced by TP, TN, NH4-N, NO3-N and DIP; significant seasonal differences were observed among these variables. These findings demonstrate that artificial reef construction has a positive conservation effect on phytoplankton communities closely related to temporal and spatial changes in nutrient availability.

, correspAuthors=Peidong Zhang, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Haiyang Xuebao, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Sitian Yu, Qi Zhao, Jiandu Li, Jiabao Zhao, Kai You, Peidong Zhang), CN=ArticleExt(id=1200484851506868362, articleId=1200484847417421925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=河北省祥云湾人工鱼礁区网采浮游植物群落结构的时空变化特征及其与关键环境因子的关系, columnId=1149698756456657529, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究河北省祥云湾人工鱼礁区浮游植物群落结构特征的时空变化规律,明确人工鱼礁区建设对浮游植物的养护效果及其与环境因子的关系,于2021年5月、8月、11月和2022年1月对祥云湾人工鱼礁区及对照区海域开展了网采浮游植物和关键环境因子季度调查。结果表明,4个季度共发现浮游植物3门39属70种,其中硅藻种类数最多(78.6%);浮游植物丰度呈现显著季节变化,夏、秋季丰度最高,2处人工鱼礁区浮游植物的年平均丰度为313.5 × 104 cells/m3,是对照区浮游植物丰度的1.4倍;除春季外,人工鱼礁区浮游植物的丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数均高于对照区,且礁区春−夏和夏−秋季节礁区优势种更替率低于对照区,表明人工鱼礁区群落结构相比对照区更稳定;人工鱼礁区浮游植物主要类群的生物增量指数为0.9~3.6,特别是硅藻类群的生物增量指数平均达到1.8;Pearson相关性分析显示,浮游植物丰度主要受TP、TN、NH4-N、NO3-N和DIP的影响,且各季节之间存在显著差异。研究表明,人工鱼礁建设对浮游植物具有良好的养护效果,且养护效果主要与营养盐的时空变化密切相关。

, correspAuthors=张沛东, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*张沛东(1975—),男,河北省张家口市人,教授,主要从事海洋牧场生境构建和资源养护研究。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《海洋学报》编辑部 2024, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=0MyVX+8IFCTJcqqjvFAn2A==, magXml=hX5csvUruaVGO3DierIN9g==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=rSgeL71Q9CpVVvTPoDySzA==, pdfFileSize=1618348, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=qKvlj5Vkl+taGAHLSbYCGw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=C6BFmydDcjRudrdokO3yfQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

余思湉(1999—),女,浙江省金华市人,主要从事浮游生物学研究。E-mail:

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余思湉(1999—),女,浙江省金华市人,主要从事浮游生物学研究。E-mail:

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余思湉(1999—),女,浙江省金华市人,主要从事浮游生物学研究。E-mail:

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Spatio-temporal variations of environmental factors in artificial reef areas and control area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
环境指标区域春季夏季秋季冬季
水温T/℃A16.13 ± 0.25a26.83 ± 0.13a13.80 ± 0.20a1.99 ± 0.01a
B16.05 ± 0.11a26.80 ± 0.13a13.60 ± 0.03a2.00 ± 0.02a
C16.07 ± 0.12a26.89 ± 0.12a13.65 ± 0.15a2.00 ± 0.03a
盐度SA31.85 ± 0.78a29.23 ± 0.13a33.75 ± 0.25a32.84 ± 0.29a
B32.05 ± 0.13a29.40 ± 0.10a33.50 ± 0.02a32.77 ± 0.05a
C31.95 ± 0.15a29.47 ± 0.16a33.00 ± 0.00a32.77 ± 0.08a
溶解氧DO
质量浓度/
(mg·L−1
A8.96 ± 0.02a8.74 ± 0.04b9.64 ± 0.07a7.70 ± 0.24b
B8.75 ± 0.03a9.14 ± 0.04a9.64 ± 0.07a8.09 ± 0.03a
C8.97 ± 0.21a8.61 ± 0.08c9.62 ± 0.30a7.56 ± 0.30b
酸碱度pHA8.12 ± 0.02a8.10 ± 0.02a7.40 ± 0.20a8.04 ± 0.02a
B8.07 ± 0.07a8.10 ± 0.02a7.20 ± 0.00a8.04 ± 0.02a
C8.12 ± 0.02a8.14 ± 0.02a8.14 ± 0.03a8.06 ± 0.01a
总氮TN
质量浓度/
(10−1mg·L−1
A0.66 ± 0.04b2.24 ± 0.06a0.90 ± 0.06b1.19 ± 0.30b
B0.76 ± 0.06b2.31 ± 0.11a1.00 ± 0.09a1.29 ± 0.17a
C1.13 ± 0.18a2.11 ± 0.04b1.09 ± 0.10a1.18 ± 0.10b
总磷TP
质量浓度/
(10−1mg·L−1
A0.17 ± 0.03b0.29 ± 0.06a0.08 ± 0.01b0.16 ± 0.01a
B0.17 ± 0.04b0.22 ± 0.05a0.09 ± 0.03b0.14 ± 0.02b
C0.20 ± 0.02a0.16 ± 0.04b0.12 ± 0.01a0.13 ± 0.01b
无机磷DIP
质量浓度/
(10−1mg·L−1
A0.11 ± 0.02a0.06 ± 0.01b0.06 ± 0.01a0.12 ± 0.01a
B0.09 ± 0.02b0.08 ± 0.01a0.08 ± 0.01a0.10 ± 0.01a
C0.06 ± 0.04c0.09 ± 0.01a0.09 ± 0.01a0.08 ± 0.01b
氨氮NH4-N
质量浓度/
(10−1mg·L−1
A0.15 ± 0.01a0.09 ± 0.01c0.04 ± 0.01b0.13 ± 0.03a
B0.13 ± 0.02a0.16 ± 0.06a0.05 ± 0.01b0.14 ± 0.03a
C0.17 ± 0.04a0.12 ± 0.04b0.06 ± 0.03a0.11 ± 0.03a
硝态氮
NO3-N
质量浓度/
(10−1mg·L−1
A0.21 ± 0.20a0.02 ± 0.02c0.31 ± 0.01a0.30 ± 0.01a
B0.06 ± 0.04a0.10 ± 0.01a0.32 ± 0.02a0.33 ± 0.03a
C0.09 ± 0.03b0.09 ± 0.05a0.26 ± 0.05b0.37 ± 0.05a
亚硝态氮
NO2-N
质量浓度/
(10−1mg·L−1
A0.21 ± 0.01a0.28 ± 0.01a0.21 ± 0.01a0.20 ± 0.05a
B0.18 ± 0.04a0.32 ± 0.06a0.20 ± 0.01a0.21 ± 0.04a
C0.10 ± 0.03b0.27 ± 0.03a0.27 ± 0.05a0.10 ± 0.05b
), ArticleFig(id=1200860448238195395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200484847417421925, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

人工鱼礁区和对照区环境因子的时空变化

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
环境指标区域春季夏季秋季冬季
水温T/℃A16.13 ± 0.25a26.83 ± 0.13a13.80 ± 0.20a1.99 ± 0.01a
B16.05 ± 0.11a26.80 ± 0.13a13.60 ± 0.03a2.00 ± 0.02a
C16.07 ± 0.12a26.89 ± 0.12a13.65 ± 0.15a2.00 ± 0.03a
盐度SA31.85 ± 0.78a29.23 ± 0.13a33.75 ± 0.25a32.84 ± 0.29a
B32.05 ± 0.13a29.40 ± 0.10a33.50 ± 0.02a32.77 ± 0.05a
C31.95 ± 0.15a29.47 ± 0.16a33.00 ± 0.00a32.77 ± 0.08a
溶解氧DO
质量浓度/
(mg·L−1
A8.96 ± 0.02a8.74 ± 0.04b9.64 ± 0.07a7.70 ± 0.24b
B8.75 ± 0.03a9.14 ± 0.04a9.64 ± 0.07a8.09 ± 0.03a
C8.97 ± 0.21a8.61 ± 0.08c9.62 ± 0.30a7.56 ± 0.30b
酸碱度pHA8.12 ± 0.02a8.10 ± 0.02a7.40 ± 0.20a8.04 ± 0.02a
B8.07 ± 0.07a8.10 ± 0.02a7.20 ± 0.00a8.04 ± 0.02a
C8.12 ± 0.02a8.14 ± 0.02a8.14 ± 0.03a8.06 ± 0.01a
总氮TN
质量浓度/
(10−1mg·L−1
A0.66 ± 0.04b2.24 ± 0.06a0.90 ± 0.06b1.19 ± 0.30b
B0.76 ± 0.06b2.31 ± 0.11a1.00 ± 0.09a1.29 ± 0.17a
C1.13 ± 0.18a2.11 ± 0.04b1.09 ± 0.10a1.18 ± 0.10b
总磷TP
质量浓度/
(10−1mg·L−1
A0.17 ± 0.03b0.29 ± 0.06a0.08 ± 0.01b0.16 ± 0.01a
B0.17 ± 0.04b0.22 ± 0.05a0.09 ± 0.03b0.14 ± 0.02b
C0.20 ± 0.02a0.16 ± 0.04b0.12 ± 0.01a0.13 ± 0.01b
无机磷DIP
质量浓度/
(10−1mg·L−1
A0.11 ± 0.02a0.06 ± 0.01b0.06 ± 0.01a0.12 ± 0.01a
B0.09 ± 0.02b0.08 ± 0.01a0.08 ± 0.01a0.10 ± 0.01a
C0.06 ± 0.04c0.09 ± 0.01a0.09 ± 0.01a0.08 ± 0.01b
氨氮NH4-N
质量浓度/
(10−1mg·L−1
A0.15 ± 0.01a0.09 ± 0.01c0.04 ± 0.01b0.13 ± 0.03a
B0.13 ± 0.02a0.16 ± 0.06a0.05 ± 0.01b0.14 ± 0.03a
C0.17 ± 0.04a0.12 ± 0.04b0.06 ± 0.03a0.11 ± 0.03a
硝态氮
NO3-N
质量浓度/
(10−1mg·L−1
A0.21 ± 0.20a0.02 ± 0.02c0.31 ± 0.01a0.30 ± 0.01a
B0.06 ± 0.04a0.10 ± 0.01a0.32 ± 0.02a0.33 ± 0.03a
C0.09 ± 0.03b0.09 ± 0.05a0.26 ± 0.05b0.37 ± 0.05a
亚硝态氮
NO2-N
质量浓度/
(10−1mg·L−1
A0.21 ± 0.01a0.28 ± 0.01a0.21 ± 0.01a0.20 ± 0.05a
B0.18 ± 0.04a0.32 ± 0.06a0.20 ± 0.01a0.21 ± 0.04a
C0.10 ± 0.03b0.27 ± 0.03a0.27 ± 0.05a0.10 ± 0.05b
), ArticleFig(id=1200860448338858698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200484847417421925, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Spatial-temporal variations of the first dominant species and dominance index of phytoplankton in artificial reef areas and control area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间区域第1优势种优势度
春季A圆筛藻 Coscinodiscus sp.0.48
B圆筛藻 Coscinodiscus sp.0.38
C圆筛藻 Coscinodiscus sp.0.45
夏季A劳氏角毛藻 Chaetoceros lorenzianus0.38
B劳氏角毛藻 Chaetoceros lorenzianus0.35
C劳氏角毛藻 Chaetoceros lorenzianus0.33
秋季A窄隙角毛藻 Chaetoceros affinis0.28
B旋链角毛藻 Chaetoceros curvisetus0.28
C窄隙角毛藻 Chaetoceros affinis0.21
冬季A具槽帕拉藻 Paralia sulcata0.34
B具槽帕拉藻 Paralia sulcata0.39
C具槽帕拉藻 Paralia sulcata0.53
), ArticleFig(id=1200860448464687821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200484847417421925, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

人工鱼礁区和对照区浮游植物第1优势种及优势度指数的时空变化

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间区域第1优势种优势度
春季A圆筛藻 Coscinodiscus sp.0.48
B圆筛藻 Coscinodiscus sp.0.38
C圆筛藻 Coscinodiscus sp.0.45
夏季A劳氏角毛藻 Chaetoceros lorenzianus0.38
B劳氏角毛藻 Chaetoceros lorenzianus0.35
C劳氏角毛藻 Chaetoceros lorenzianus0.33
秋季A窄隙角毛藻 Chaetoceros affinis0.28
B旋链角毛藻 Chaetoceros curvisetus0.28
C窄隙角毛藻 Chaetoceros affinis0.21
冬季A具槽帕拉藻 Paralia sulcata0.34
B具槽帕拉藻 Paralia sulcata0.39
C具槽帕拉藻 Paralia sulcata0.53
), ArticleFig(id=1200860448649237202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200484847417421925, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

The seasonal succession rate of the phytoplankton dominant species in artificial reef areas and control area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区域春−夏夏−秋秋−冬冬−春
A0.920.750.880.78
B0.930.801.000.92
C1.000.880.910.89
), ArticleFig(id=1200860448741511899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200484847417421925, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

人工鱼礁区和对照区浮游植物优势种的季节更替率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区域春−夏夏−秋秋−冬冬−春
A0.920.750.880.78
B0.930.801.000.92
C1.000.880.910.89
), ArticleFig(id=1200860448850563808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200484847417421925, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Comparison of phytoplankton taxa abundance in artificial reef areas and control area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间区域平均丰度/(104 cells·m−3
硅藻甲藻金藻
春季A126.95 ± 27.12b4.95 ± 2.85a0a
B135.74 ± 8.78a4.49 ± 2.82a0a
C127.76 ± 80.63b2.53 ± 1.17b0a
夏季A623.70 ± 121.05b19.86 ± 6.64b0.002 ± 0.00a
B868.52 ± 168.49a15.16 ± 5.91c0.003 ± 0.00a
C452.56 ± 158.27c26.53 ± 3.21a0a
秋季A322.31 ± 73.07a8.91 ± 2.18a0b
B343.58 ± 223.42b10.17 ± 6.33a0.08 ± 0.08a
C275.26 ± 91.23b3.02 ± 1.15b0b
冬季A18.53 ± 0.40a0.07 ± 0.07a0a
B22.04 ± 1.64a0.12 ± 0.10a0a
C20.49 ± 7.15a0.29 ± 0.21a0a
), ArticleFig(id=1200860449005753059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200484847417421925, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

人工鱼礁区和对照区各浮游植物类群丰度的对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间区域平均丰度/(104 cells·m−3
硅藻甲藻金藻
春季A126.95 ± 27.12b4.95 ± 2.85a0a
B135.74 ± 8.78a4.49 ± 2.82a0a
C127.76 ± 80.63b2.53 ± 1.17b0a
夏季A623.70 ± 121.05b19.86 ± 6.64b0.002 ± 0.00a
B868.52 ± 168.49a15.16 ± 5.91c0.003 ± 0.00a
C452.56 ± 158.27c26.53 ± 3.21a0a
秋季A322.31 ± 73.07a8.91 ± 2.18a0b
B343.58 ± 223.42b10.17 ± 6.33a0.08 ± 0.08a
C275.26 ± 91.23b3.02 ± 1.15b0b
冬季A18.53 ± 0.40a0.07 ± 0.07a0a
B22.04 ± 1.64a0.12 ± 0.10a0a
C20.49 ± 7.15a0.29 ± 0.21a0a
), ArticleFig(id=1200860449123193577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200484847417421925, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Common red tide species in artificial reef areas and control area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号学名拉丁文
1窄隙角毛藻Chaetoceros affinis
2旋链角毛藻Chaetoceros curvisetus
3柔弱角毛藻Chaetoceros debilis
4劳氏角毛藻Chaetoceros lorenzianus
5星脐圆筛藻Coscinodiscus asteromphalus
6格氏圆筛藻Coscinodiscus granii
7辐射列圆筛藻Coscinodiscus radiatus
8威利圆筛藻Coscinodiscus wailesii
9布氏双尾藻Ditylum brightwellii
10短角弯角藻Eucampia zodiacus
11薄壁几内亚藻Guinardia flaccida
12具槽帕拉藻Melosira sulcata/Paralia sulcata
13中华齿状藻Odonella sinensis
14尖刺拟菱形藻Pseudo-nitzschia pungens
15刚毛根管藻Phizosolenia setigera
16中肋骨条藻Skeletonema costatum
17佛氏海线藻Thalassionema frauenfeldii
18菱形海线藻Thalassionema nitzschioides
19圆海链藻Thalassiosira rotula
20叉状角藻Ceratium furac
21梭角藻Ceratium fusus
22三角角藻Ceratium tripos
), ArticleFig(id=1200860449202885355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200484847417421925, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

人工鱼礁区和对照区常见赤潮种

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号学名拉丁文
1窄隙角毛藻Chaetoceros affinis
2旋链角毛藻Chaetoceros curvisetus
3柔弱角毛藻Chaetoceros debilis
4劳氏角毛藻Chaetoceros lorenzianus
5星脐圆筛藻Coscinodiscus asteromphalus
6格氏圆筛藻Coscinodiscus granii
7辐射列圆筛藻Coscinodiscus radiatus
8威利圆筛藻Coscinodiscus wailesii
9布氏双尾藻Ditylum brightwellii
10短角弯角藻Eucampia zodiacus
11薄壁几内亚藻Guinardia flaccida
12具槽帕拉藻Melosira sulcata/Paralia sulcata
13中华齿状藻Odonella sinensis
14尖刺拟菱形藻Pseudo-nitzschia pungens
15刚毛根管藻Phizosolenia setigera
16中肋骨条藻Skeletonema costatum
17佛氏海线藻Thalassionema frauenfeldii
18菱形海线藻Thalassionema nitzschioides
19圆海链藻Thalassiosira rotula
20叉状角藻Ceratium furac
21梭角藻Ceratium fusus
22三角角藻Ceratium tripos
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河北省祥云湾人工鱼礁区网采浮游植物群落结构的时空变化特征及其与关键环境因子的关系
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余思湉 1 , 赵祺 1 , 李建都 2, 3 , 招家宝 1 , 尤凯 1 , 张沛东 1, *
海洋学报 | 论文 2024,46(9): 52-63
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海洋学报 | 论文 2024, 46(9): 52-63
河北省祥云湾人工鱼礁区网采浮游植物群落结构的时空变化特征及其与关键环境因子的关系
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余思湉1 , 赵祺1, 李建都2, 3, 招家宝1, 尤凯1, 张沛东1, *
作者信息
  • 1.中国海洋大学,海水养殖教育部重点实验室,青岛 266003
  • 2.辽宁省海洋水产科学研究院,大连 116023
  • 3.农业农村部水产种质资源保护与发掘利用重点实验室,大连 116023
  • 余思湉(1999—),女,浙江省金华市人,主要从事浮游生物学研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*张沛东(1975—),男,河北省张家口市人,教授,主要从事海洋牧场生境构建和资源养护研究。E-mail:
Temporal and spatial variation characteristics of net-collected phytoplankton community structure and its relationship with key environmental factors in the artificial reef area of Xiangyun Bay, Hebei Province
Sitian Yu1 , Qi Zhao1, Jiandu Li2, 3, Jiabao Zhao1, Kai You1, Peidong Zhang1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China
  • 2. Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian 116023, China
  • 3. Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Aquatic Germplasm Resource, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian 116023, China
出版时间: 2024-09-01 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2024110
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为探究河北省祥云湾人工鱼礁区浮游植物群落结构特征的时空变化规律,明确人工鱼礁区建设对浮游植物的养护效果及其与环境因子的关系,于2021年5月、8月、11月和2022年1月对祥云湾人工鱼礁区及对照区海域开展了网采浮游植物和关键环境因子季度调查。结果表明,4个季度共发现浮游植物3门39属70种,其中硅藻种类数最多(78.6%);浮游植物丰度呈现显著季节变化,夏、秋季丰度最高,2处人工鱼礁区浮游植物的年平均丰度为313.5 × 104 cells/m3,是对照区浮游植物丰度的1.4倍;除春季外,人工鱼礁区浮游植物的丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数均高于对照区,且礁区春−夏和夏−秋季节礁区优势种更替率低于对照区,表明人工鱼礁区群落结构相比对照区更稳定;人工鱼礁区浮游植物主要类群的生物增量指数为0.9~3.6,特别是硅藻类群的生物增量指数平均达到1.8;Pearson相关性分析显示,浮游植物丰度主要受TP、TN、NH4-N、NO3-N和DIP的影响,且各季节之间存在显著差异。研究表明,人工鱼礁建设对浮游植物具有良好的养护效果,且养护效果主要与营养盐的时空变化密切相关。

浮游植物  /  生物增量效果  /  时空异质性  /  环境驱动  /  人工鱼礁

In order to investigate the characteristics and spatial-temporal variations of the phytoplankton community in artificial reef areas, as well as to elucidate the relationship between phytoplankton abundance and environmental factors associated with artificial reef construction, four surveys were conducted in 2021 (May, August, November) and 2022 (January) at two artificial reef areas and a control area in Xiangyun Bay. A total of 70 phytoplankton taxa belonging to 39 genera and 3 classes were identified in this study. The annual average abundance of phytoplankton in the artificial reef areas was recorded as 313.5 × 104 cells/m3, which were 1.4 times higher than that observed in the control area. Except in spring, the richness index, diversity index and evenness index of phytoplankton in the artificial reef areas were higher than those in the control area. The succession rate of dominant species from spring to summer and from summer to autumu in the reef areas were lower than that in the control area, suggesting greater stability of community structure within artificial reef areas compared to the control area. The biological increment index for each phytoplankton taxon ranged from 0.9 to 3.6; notably, Bacillariophyta displayed an average biological increment index value of 1.8. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that phytoplankton abundance was primarily influenced by TP, TN, NH4-N, NO3-N and DIP; significant seasonal differences were observed among these variables. These findings demonstrate that artificial reef construction has a positive conservation effect on phytoplankton communities closely related to temporal and spatial changes in nutrient availability.

phytoplankton  /  biotic augmentation effects  /  spatiotemporal heterogeneity  /  environmental driving  /  artificial reefs
余思湉, 赵祺, 李建都, 招家宝, 尤凯, 张沛东. 河北省祥云湾人工鱼礁区网采浮游植物群落结构的时空变化特征及其与关键环境因子的关系. 海洋学报, 2024 , 46 (9) : 52 -63 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2024110
Sitian Yu, Qi Zhao, Jiandu Li, Jiabao Zhao, Kai You, Peidong Zhang. Temporal and spatial variation characteristics of net-collected phytoplankton community structure and its relationship with key environmental factors in the artificial reef area of Xiangyun Bay, Hebei Province[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2024 , 46 (9) : 52 -63 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2024110
浮游植物是海洋初级生产力的重要组成部分,具有繁殖速度快、生态转换效率高[1]、对环境变化敏感[2]的特性,能够快速响应海域环境的变化,并通过食物网上行效应调控浮游动物和高营养级渔业生物的群落结构,因此浮游植物群落结构常被用作监测海域生态环境变化的重要指标[35]。人工鱼礁的投放主要通过改善流场特性[6]、优化营养盐结构[7]等方式对浮游植物产生增益效果。Baine[8]发现,人工鱼礁通过营造周边流和上升流,扰动水体底部营养盐和有机物向上层输送,给真光层的浮游植物提供丰富的光合作用原料。研究表明,人工鱼礁建设显著影响浮游植物的群落结构。如李海州[9]研究发现,海阳富瀚海洋牧场人工鱼礁区的浮游植物年平均丰度是对照区的7.1倍;杨柳等[10]调查发现,海州湾人工鱼礁区的浮游植物多样性指数是对照区的1.5倍。
人工鱼礁投放有效地促进了水域环境的改善,从而对浮游植物群落产生显著影响[1113]。目前针对祥云湾海洋牧场浮游植物的研究仅涉及单一礁区的调查,尚未见2处礁区与对照区的对比分析,也未探究浮游植物群落结构与环境因子的关系。为此,本研究选取祥云湾海洋牧场2处人工鱼礁区和对照区,通过4个季度的网采浮游植物和环境因子调查监测,明确了祥云湾海洋牧场浮游植物群落结构的时空变化特征,解析了其与关键环境因子的关系,以期为海洋牧场人工鱼礁区建设效果评价和基础生物效应研究提供资料。
祥云湾海域位于河北省唐山市乐亭县南部,渤海北部,地处渤海垂直暖流带与滦河交汇处,水深6~13 m,是渤海湾重要的渔业资源产地,但由于富营养化、生境破坏和过度捕捞的影响,渔业资源面临平均营养级下降、群体结构小型化、低龄化等突出问题[1417]。为了恢复渔业资源,唐山海洋牧场实业有限公司于2013年开始在祥云湾开展人工鱼礁投放工作,并于2015年入选为第一批国家级海洋牧场示范区(河北省祥云湾海域国家级海洋牧场示范区,以下简称“祥云湾海洋牧场”),共计建成石块礁区和钢筋混凝土礁区2处,礁区总面积1.90 km2。其中A礁区于2018年完成投礁,投礁量为7.71 × 104 m3,礁体类型为钢筋混凝土礁,礁区面积0.57 km2;B礁区于2013−2017年完成投礁,投礁量为12.33 × 104 m3,礁体类型为石块礁,礁区面积1.33 km2
调查时间为2021年5月、8月、11月和2022年1月。按照《人工鱼礁资源养护效果评价技术规范》(SC/T 9417−2015)[18]的要求,在A礁区、B礁区和对照区分别设置3个调查站位,其中,A1、A2和A3位于A礁区,B1、B2和B3位于B礁区,C1、C2和C3位于对照区(图1)。
浮游植物采集使用浅水Ⅲ型浮游生物网(网口直内径37 cm,网目大小0.077 mm),每个站位从底层至表层垂直拖网3次,记录流量计开始和结束读数。浮游植物样品使用Lugol’s试剂固定后避光保存,采集样品均带回实验室并在光学显微镜下进行种类鉴定和计数。
在每个站位点使用YSI6000多参数水质仪同步测量水温(T)、盐度(S)、溶解氧(DO)和酸碱度(pH)等指标。使用2.5 L采水器在表层下0.5 m处和距离海底2 m处分别采集表层和底层水样,均匀混合后装入500 mL聚乙烯瓶中,放在冰桶内4℃保存并在24 h内带回实验室。使用GF/F 47 mm玻璃微纤维滤膜过滤水样,过滤后的水样用于亚硝态氮(NO2-N)、氨氮(NH4-N)、硝态氮(NO3-N)、磷酸盐(DIP)、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)质量浓度测定。所有样品的采集、保存及分析均按照中华人民共和国国家标准《海洋调查规范》(GB/T 12763−2007)和《海洋监测规范第3部分:样品采集贮存和运输》(GB 17378.3−2007)进行[1920]
浮游植物丰度根据采样时的滤水体积,以每立方米海水中细胞数表示(cells/m3)。优势种用浮游植物优势度指数(Y)和优势种更替率(R[21]进行分析,本研究中将Y ≥ 0.02的浮游植物种类定为优势种[22]。群落结构多样性用丰富度指数(D)、多样性指数(H')和均匀度指数(J)进行分析[23]
$ R = \frac{a + b -2c}{a + b - c}\times 100{\text{%}}, $
式中:R为优势种的季节更替率;ab分别为相邻两个季节优势种的数量;c为相邻两个季节共有优势种的个数。
为探究人工鱼礁区建设的资源养护效果,对礁区和对照区的浮游植物丰度进行独立样本T检验,筛选出具有显著差异(P < 0.05)的生物类群,并对这些类群进行生物增量指数(Biological increment index,BII)[24]的计算,公式如下:
$ \sigma_j=\frac{1}{n}\sum _{i=1}^{n}\left(1+\frac{CJ_{ji}-\overline{CD_i}}{\overline{CD_i}}\right), $
$ {\mathrm{BII}} = \frac{1}{m}\sum\limits_{j = 1}^m {\sigma_j} ,$
式中:σj为礁区第j站位的生物增量指数;n为某生物类群的物种数;m为礁区总站位数;CJji为礁区第j站位的某生物类群第i种生物的丰度,单位:cells/m3$\overline{CD_i} $为对照区所有调查站位某生物类群第i种生物的平均丰度,单位:cells/m3。当BII值大于1时,表征人工鱼礁建设对浮游植物产生养护效果。
实验数据以平均数 ± 标准差(Mean ± SD)表示,使用Excel 2020、IBM SPSS 25软件处理实验数据,不同调查区域和不同季节浮游植物群落参数和环境参数的差异显著性使用单因素方差分析(Oneway-ANOVA)进行统计学分析,运用独立样本T检验对礁区间生物增量指数差异进行分析,显著性水平设置为P < 0.05。使用PRIMER 5计算浮游植物群落参数,使用Pearson相关性分析探究各季节浮游植物丰度与调查海域环境因子之间的相关关系,使用Arcgis 10.8、Origin 2023软件进行调查站位和分析结果的绘图。
环境因子呈现显著的季节变化特征,多数环境因子在夏季或秋季达到最大值,而DIP和NH4-N在春季质量浓度最高,如表1所示。除TS和pH外,其余环境因子在3处调查区之间存在一定的空间差异。其中,人工鱼礁区TN和TP质量浓度在夏季显著高于对照区(P < 0.05);DIP质量浓度在春季显著高于对照区,平均是其1.7倍,在夏季则低于对照区,平均仅为对照区的77.8%。
四个航次各调查区域共鉴定浮游植物70种,隶属于3门39属,其中硅藻门32属55种,甲藻门6属14种,金藻门1属1种(图2)。3处调查区域浮游植物的物种数均在夏季达到最大值;相同季节人工鱼礁区和对照区的物种数和种类组成均无显著差异(P > 0.05)。
浮游植物丰度平均为18.3 × 1041428.1 × 104 cells/m3图3)。夏、秋季浮游植物的平均丰度呈现B礁区 > A礁区 > 对照区的趋势,A礁区和B礁区的年平均丰度分别为对照区的1.3倍和1.7倍,其中夏季差异最明显。
浮游植物第1优势种呈现明显的季节变化,但同一季节各调查区域优势种组成类似,未见全年优势种(表2)。优势种更替率为0.75~1.00(表3),各季节A礁区浮游植物更替率均低于对照区,而B礁区在高温季节(春−夏,夏−秋)呈现该特点。表明人工鱼礁区浮游植物群落结构更趋于稳定。
浮游植物群落的多样性指数和丰富度指数呈现夏季 > 秋季 > 冬季 > 春季的趋势,而均匀度指数在秋季较高,春季和夏季较低(图4)。除春季外,人工鱼礁区多样性指数和均匀度指数均高于对照区,且在夏季达到显著水平(P < 0.05)。人工鱼礁区丰富度指数在秋季显著高于对照区,平均是其1.4倍(P < 0.05)。
为探究人工鱼礁建设对浮游生物的资源养护效果,对A礁区、B礁区和对照区不同浮游植物类群丰度进行独立样本T检验(表4)。结果显示,夏、秋季节硅藻类群的平均丰度在2处礁区高于对照区,且在夏季差异显著(P < 0.05)。其中,B礁区对硅藻的资源养护效果最好,年平均丰度为对照区1.6倍。春、秋季节2处礁区对甲藻的资源养护效果均显著优于对照区(P < 0.05)。
在硅藻和甲藻类群中采集到的种类多为赤潮种,为防止人工鱼礁区及周围海域出现赤潮等危害,本文根据陈楠生等[25]的研究,筛选出两大类群中最常见、且为本研究采集到的赤潮种类,探究人工鱼礁建设对有害藻类资源量的影响,人工鱼礁区和对照区中浮游植物常见赤潮种如表5所示。
选取具有统计学差异且在各季节出现频率超过75%的类群(硅藻和甲藻)以及3.3.1节中的常见赤潮种进行生物增量指数计算(图5)。结果显示,A礁区和B礁区硅藻和甲藻的生物增量指数为0.9~3.6,总体大于1,说明人工鱼礁建设对浮游植物资源发挥了良好的养护效果。对比可知,2处礁区硅藻生物增量指数范围在1.1~3.6,平均值达1.8,是甲藻该值的1.3倍,表明人工鱼礁对硅藻的资源养护效果优于甲藻。除春季外,B礁区对硅藻类群的增益效果优于A礁区,且在夏、秋季差异显著(P < 0.05),其生物增量指数分别是A礁区的2.0倍和1.2倍。除夏季外,2处礁区对甲藻类群的增益效果无明显差异(P > 0.05)。从常见赤潮种看,不同季节不同海域间硅藻和甲藻赤潮种增量均有不同幅度的增长,特别是秋季硅藻常见赤潮种和甲藻常见赤潮种的生物增量指数达到全年最高值,且高于硅藻类群和甲藻类群的生物增量指数。
选取人工鱼礁区和对照区具有统计学差异的环境因子(DO和营养盐)与各调查区域浮游植物丰度进行Pearson相关性分析(图6)。结果显示,春季浮游植物丰度在2处礁区与TP呈显著负相关(P < 0.05),而在对照区与TP呈正相关;夏季各海域浮游植物丰度均与TN呈极显著正相关(P < 0.01);NH4-N在2处礁区与浮游植物丰度呈显著负相关(P < 0.05),而在礁区未达到显著相关水平;NO3-N在A礁区与浮游植物丰度呈极显著正相关(P < 0.01),在B礁区和对照区呈显著正相关(P < 0.05);秋季各海域浮游植物丰度均与DIP呈显著负相关(P < 0.05);冬季浮游植物丰度在对照区与DIP呈显著负相关(P < 0.05),而在2处礁区与DIP呈正相关。
祥云湾海洋牧场人工鱼礁区及其对照区浮游植物种类组成与唐山附近海域浮游植物种类基本相同,硅藻门的种类和丰度占绝对优势[26]。人工礁区浮游植物年平均丰度为对照区的1.4倍,与张雪等[27]在天津近岸人工鱼礁区的研究结果一致。各季节2处礁区对硅藻和甲藻类群的生物增量指数总体大于1,表明人工鱼礁建设能够促进浮游植物主要类群的生长繁殖。人工鱼礁的投放会产生上升流、背涡流等复杂流态,促进沉积物的营养盐向水体扩散,并加速底层水和表层水的交换[28],增加人工鱼礁区海水的营养盐质量浓度,从而促进浮游植物丰度和生物多样性的提高。如杨柳[29]指出,海州湾人工鱼礁区浮游植物丰度与海水磷酸盐质量浓度呈现正相关,礁区海水磷酸盐平均质量浓度相比对照区提高了1.3倍,浮游植物丰度则为对照区的2.7倍。研究表明,人工鱼礁建设能够提升海水营养盐水平,从而促进浮游植物主要类群的生长繁殖。
本研究发现,人工礁区建设对硅藻类群的增益效果优于甲藻类群,这可能是因为硅藻和甲藻对营养盐(氮、磷)变化的响应模式不同。Xiao等[30]对东海23个航次2816个浮游植物样品分析发现,硅藻偏好高营养盐,而甲藻对营养盐变化相对不敏感。本研究中礁区TN和TP质量浓度在夏季显著高于对照区,DIP质量浓度在春季显著高于对照区,平均是其1.7倍。营养盐水平差异改变了硅藻−甲藻结构指数,进而影响了礁区对不同浮游植物类群的养护效果。
本研究发现,秋季硅藻常见赤潮种和甲藻常见赤潮种的生物增量指数达到全年最高值,且高于硅藻类群和甲藻类群。这可能是因为秋季更适合赤潮种的生长。调查发现,硅藻和甲藻赤潮种主要出现有角毛藻属(Chaetoceros)、圆筛藻属(Coscinodiscus)、海链藻属(Thalassiosira)。角毛藻属种类能在低温的贫营养状态下通过消耗氮元素实现生长,具有很强的生长能力[31]。由于2处礁区及对照区离岸较近,且周边有水产养殖、港口等人为因素影响,陆源污染影响较大,氮元素的流入为其提供生长发育充足的营养物质。圆筛藻属属于广温种[32],在本研究4个季度各海域均有出现。虽然近年来该种类频繁出现,但未见因其暴发赤潮的危害[25]。海链藻属部分种类也是赤潮的重要组成部分,在渤海曾多次出现[33]。与圆筛藻属相似的角藻属,特别是三角角藻,其繁殖盛期一般出现在夏季和秋季,在营养条件丰富的状态下可大量生长,但其近期也未发生三角角藻赤潮现象。根据文献显示,营养盐、水温、风素和风向以及流场对赤潮发生有重要影响[34],但是受2处礁区类型(A礁区:牡蛎礁;B礁区:藻礁)的共同作用,现阶段未发现祥云湾海洋牧场海域有赤潮风险,后续应加强监测预警。
本研究中石块礁区(B礁区)对硅藻的资源养护效果优于钢筋混凝土礁区(A礁区),这可能与礁龄和礁体附着生物等因素有关[24, 35]。一方面,人工鱼礁的生态效应具有时间积累性。赵荣荣[36]对长岛挡浪岛人工鱼礁区的调查发现,浮游植物丰度在投礁后呈逐年递增趋势,2015年礁区浮游植物丰度较2013年提高1.4倍。本研究中,石块礁区的平均礁龄达到8.5 a,是钢筋混凝土礁区建礁时间的1.4倍,从而对浮游植物,特别是硅藻发挥了更强的养护作用。另一方面,人工鱼礁对浮游植物的增益效果也受到礁区离岸距离影响。石块礁区(B礁区)更靠近陆地,且礁区附近有港口存在,导致氮磷的持续输送,由此致使营养盐在礁区间产生差异[37],进而影响浮游植物的生长发育和礁区间增益效果的不同。
各调查海域浮游植物丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数在夏、秋季达到高峰或次高峰,最低值出现在春季,这与乳山湾海域[38]、海州湾海洋牧场[39]的报道相一致。夏、秋季优势种优势度较为平均,多种优势种共同占据优势,而春季圆筛藻和冬季具槽帕拉藻优势度高,在各站位丰度占总丰度的50%以上,导致春、冬季浮游植物丰富度指数和多样性指数低于夏、秋季。
各海域间浮游植物群落参数无明显差异。同样,刘长东等[40]在海州湾前三岛人工鱼礁区调查也发现,鱼礁区和对照区具有相似的浮游植物群落参数。这可能是由于礁区优势种丰度的快速增加抑制了总物种丰度增长带来的变化,从而掩盖了人工鱼礁对群落结构的增益效果。但多样性指数、丰富度指数和均匀度指数在大多数季节呈现出2处礁区高于对照区的趋势,优势种演替率在对照区高于礁区。李欣宇等[41]运用Ecopath模型对该海域生态系统总体特征进行分析,发现人工鱼礁区生物群落结构的总初级生产量/总呼吸量(TPP/TR)值相较于对照区更加接近1,礁区生态系统群落结构比对照区更加成熟稳定,也说明人工鱼礁区对群落结构存在一定的正向影响。
本研究发现,TP、DIP和TN等营养盐是调控浮游植物丰度的主要驱动要素。鱼礁投放后,产生的上升流可将底层海水中大量的氮、磷营养盐带至真光层,从而有效促进浮游植物的生长和繁殖[8]
磷是浮游植物光合作用和能量转化的必需元素,其质量浓度变化能够影响浮游植物对磷的积累和磷的再生[42]。浮游植物丰度在2处礁区与对照区对TP、DIP的响应存在差异,其中2处礁区浮游植物丰度在春、秋季节分别与TP和DIP的质量浓度呈显著负相关。一方面,鱼礁投放后,产生的上升流可将底层海水的大量磷营养盐带至真光层。如肖荣等[43]对霞浦方型人工鱼礁区进行数值模拟试验,发现PO4-P的平均垂直通量达到438.3 mg/(m2·d)。另一方面,A礁区和B礁区礁体的附着牡蛎密度分别达到1206.52 ind./m3和356.67~888.5 ind./m3[37, 44],对浮游植物具有下行调控作用[45]。诸多研究表明,双壳贝类的排泄作用能加速溶解态的无机磷向水体释放[4648],礁区内以牡蛎为主的附着生物通过滤食浮游植物促进自身发育代谢,其代谢物经过微生物的矿化、分解,使得礁区磷质量浓度得到补充[49]。相对于对照区,礁区浮游植物吸收更多的磷,这可能是秋季2处礁区浮游植物丰度显著高于对照区的原因。与礁区不同,春季对照区浮游植物丰度均与DIP呈显著正相关。由于海流和热力学平衡的影响[41],礁区释放的磷元素可向周边区域溢出,增加了周边区域的总磷质量浓度,从而利于浮游植物生长。其他季节浮游植物对DIP的响应略有不同,这可能是因为水温影响了浮游植物对DIP的吸收能力。
浮游植物群落结构及其演替规律还与氮营养盐质量浓度以及营养结构密切相关。本研究发现,夏季TN质量浓度与浮游植物丰度存在显著正相关关系。这是由于礁区离岸较近,在夏季汛期2处礁区和对照区受地表径流和降雨的影响,TN质量浓度在夏季出现全年最高水平,海区氮元素得到大量补充[50];此外,2处礁区附着牡蛎的代谢活动可产生大量氮[42],而氮是浮游植物物质合成的必需元素[51],礁区大量的氮补充促进浮游植物生长繁殖,也保证了氮的可持续利用,进而促进2处礁区浮游植物丰度显著高于对照区。诸多研究表明,浮游植物对氮源的利用具有选择性,角毛藻等硅藻优先吸收NH4-N[52],NH4-N同化生产力占氮生产力的50%~80%,而NO2-N和NO3-N对浮游植物生产的贡献仅为10%~20%或更小[53],钢筋混凝土礁区DIN中NO2-N占比(72%)高于石块礁区(55%),而NH4-N占比(23%)低于石块礁区(28%),氮营养盐结构的变化可能是石块礁区对浮游植物丰度增益效果优于钢筋混凝土礁区的重要原因。
综上所述,人工鱼礁建设能够对浮游植物资源量和群落结构发挥积极的养护效果,其中礁区对硅藻类群的生物增量指数平均值达1.8,礁区优势种更替率小于对照区,养护效果显著;不同礁区网采浮游植物的群落结构特征和养护效果存在差异,海水营养盐的时空异质性是关键影响要素,研究结果可为人工鱼礁投放的生态效应评价提供数据支撑和思路参考。未来可采用网采和水采相结合的方式长期监测浮游植物生物群落变化特征以及人工鱼礁区牡蛎等附着生物对浮游植物的摄食效应,明确环境因子和生物因子对牡蛎礁的响应机制。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2023YFD2401102)
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2024年第46卷第9期
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doi: 10.12284/hyxb2024110
  • 接收时间:2024-04-22
  • 首发时间:2025-11-26
  • 出版时间:2024-09-01
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-22
  • 修回日期:2024-05-30
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国家重点研发计划(2023YFD2401102)
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    1.中国海洋大学,海水养殖教育部重点实验室,青岛 266003
    2.辽宁省海洋水产科学研究院,大连 116023
    3.农业农村部水产种质资源保护与发掘利用重点实验室,大连 116023

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*张沛东(1975—),男,河北省张家口市人,教授,主要从事海洋牧场生境构建和资源养护研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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