Article(id=1200468072445367086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1200468070721508125, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12284/hyxb2024079, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1709222400000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-01, revisedDate=1718553600000, revisedDateStr=2024-06-17, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764143492089, onlineDateStr=2025-11-26, pubDate=1725033600000, pubDateStr=2024-08-31, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764143492089, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764143492089, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764143492089, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1200468070721508125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2024', volume='46', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='142', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=0, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764143491678, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764143656095, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200468760399303166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1200468070721508125, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200468760399303167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1200468070721508125, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=121, endPage=130, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200468072768328500, articleId=1200468072445367086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Assimilation research of coastal acoustic tomography data in the Bali Strait, Indonesia, columnId=1194652705852465724, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Coastal Acoustic Tomography (CAT) is an effective tool to observe the flow field in the large offshore range using high-frequency acoustic signals, of which direct observation range is still limited. The numerical ocean model provides a large-scale ocean background field with simulation errors, and the resolution and accuracy of the flow field results can be improved by assimilating the CAT data with the ocean background results. In this paper, we applied a method to obtain a larger range of two-dimensional ocean flow field results by fitting ocean-mode flow field results using Stream Function and assimilating CAT data using the Ensemble Kalman Filtering algorithm. The assimilation study used the unstructured grid Finite-Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM) as the background field, and the four CAT stations experiment conducted in Bali Strait, Indonesia, from 1st to 3rd June 2016 as the observational data. After fitting background field by Stream Function and assimilating CAT data, the two-dimensional flow field in Bali Strait is obtained. The assimilation results were compared with those of the same period of observation and tide level data, which is found that the flow function fitted and assimilated flow field can more accurately describe the high and low tides and flow conditions in the Bali Strait. By introducing the functional relationship between the CAT data and the flow field it can effectively reduce the error of the ocean model and the sparsity of the original observation data.

, correspAuthors=Haocai Huang, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Haiyang Xuebao, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Fengyuan Yu, Shijie Xu, Xinyi Xie, Yixin Gao, Guangming Li, Arata Kaneko, Fadli Syamsudin, Haocai Huang), CN=ArticleExt(id=1200468074240529271, articleId=1200468072445367086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=沿海声层析数据在印尼巴厘海峡的同化研究, columnId=1149698756456657529, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

沿海声层析(Coastal Acoustic Tomography,简称CAT)是利用高频声信号实现近海大范围流场观测的有效手段,但其直接观测范围仍然有限。海洋数值模式提供了一种存在仿真误差的大范围海洋背景场,将CAT观测结果与海洋背景结果同化,可以提高流场结果的分辨率和准确度。本文提出一种利用流函数拟合海洋模式流场结果并使用集合卡尔曼滤波算法同化CAT数据的方法,获得更大范围的海洋水平二维流场结果。同化研究以非结构化网格有限体积海洋数值模式(Finite-Volume Community Ocean Model,简称FVCOM)作为背景场,以2016年6月1日至3日在印度尼西亚巴厘海峡(Bali Strait)进行的4站CAT实验作为观测数据。经过背景场流函数拟合和CAT数据同化,获得巴厘海峡二维流场。同化结果分别与同期观测结果和潮位数据对比,发现流函数拟合同化后的流场能更准确地描述巴厘海峡涨落潮和流量情况,通过引入CAT数据与流场的函数关系,可以有效地降低海洋模式的误差和原观测数据的稀疏性。

, correspAuthors=黄豪彩, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*黄豪彩(1979—),男,福建省龙岩市人,教授,主要从事海洋技术方向研究。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《海洋学报》编辑部 2024, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=gt+js+8vw+pK8PZUTYg7Zg==, magXml=MKv+6BuUmlj9lMvnxXUMJw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=Bed3j2slqsZp6RGCVuDiqQ==, pdfFileSize=19049717, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=h5+npfkcOPSwOrr+frvdHQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=kAEJna00jzQjQik1jZd4+w==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

于丰源(1998—),男,山东省威海市人,研究方向为沿海声层析及数据同化。E-mail:

, authorsList=于丰源, 许世杰, 谢心怡, 高怡心, 李光明, Arita Kaneko, Fadli Syamsudin, 黄豪彩)}, authors=[Author(id=1200860813952151566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=fengyuan03@zju.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200860814094757904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, authorId=1200860813952151566, language=EN, stringName=Fengyuan Yu, firstName=Fengyuan, middleName=null, lastName=Yu, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200860814216392725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, authorId=1200860813952151566, language=CN, stringName=于丰源, firstName=丰源, middleName=null, lastName=于, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.浙江大学 海洋学院,浙江 舟山 316021, bio={"content":"

于丰源(1998—),男,山东省威海市人,研究方向为沿海声层析及数据同化。E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

于丰源(1998—),男,山东省威海市人,研究方向为沿海声层析及数据同化。E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200860813448836092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200860813453030397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, companyId=1200860813448836092, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200860813465613310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, companyId=1200860813448836092, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.浙江大学 海洋学院,浙江 舟山 316021)])]), Author(id=1200860815361437723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200860815512432676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, authorId=1200860815361437723, language=EN, stringName=Shijie Xu, firstName=Shijie, middleName=null, lastName=Xu, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200860815604707372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, authorId=1200860815361437723, language=CN, stringName=许世杰, firstName=世杰, middleName=null, lastName=许, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.浙江大学 海洋学院,浙江 舟山 316021, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200860813448836092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200860813453030397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, companyId=1200860813448836092, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200860813465613310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, companyId=1200860813448836092, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.浙江大学 海洋学院,浙江 舟山 316021)])]), Author(id=1200860815688593460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200860815793451066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, authorId=1200860815688593460, language=EN, stringName=Xinyi Xie, firstName=Xinyi, middleName=null, lastName=Xie, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200860815873142847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, authorId=1200860815688593460, language=CN, stringName=谢心怡, firstName=心怡, middleName=null, lastName=谢, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.浙江大学 海洋学院,浙江 舟山 316021, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200860813448836092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200860813453030397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, companyId=1200860813448836092, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200860813465613310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, companyId=1200860813448836092, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.浙江大学 海洋学院,浙江 舟山 316021)])]), Author(id=1200860815965417540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200860816057692236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, authorId=1200860815965417540, language=EN, stringName=Yixin Gao, firstName=Yixin, middleName=null, lastName=Gao, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200860816149966929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, authorId=1200860815965417540, language=CN, stringName=高怡心, firstName=怡心, middleName=null, lastName=高, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.浙江大学 海洋学院,浙江 舟山 316021, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200860813448836092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200860813453030397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, companyId=1200860813448836092, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200860813465613310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, companyId=1200860813448836092, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.浙江大学 海洋学院,浙江 舟山 316021)])]), Author(id=1200860816225464405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200860816317739096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, authorId=1200860816225464405, language=EN, stringName=Guangming Li, firstName=Guangming, middleName=null, lastName=Li, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2. National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200860816418402394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, authorId=1200860816225464405, language=CN, stringName=李光明, firstName=光明, middleName=null, lastName=李, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.国防科技创新研究院,北京 100071, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200860813633384450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200860813637578755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, companyId=1200860813633384450, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200860813645967364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, companyId=1200860813633384450, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.国防科技创新研究院,北京 100071)])]), Author(id=1200860816506482782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200860816644894818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, authorId=1200860816506482782, language=EN, stringName=Arata Kaneko, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=Arata Kaneko, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3. Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739–8527, Japan, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200860816716197991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, authorId=1200860816506482782, language=CN, stringName=Arita Kaneko, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=Arita Kaneko, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3.日本广岛大学 工程研究生院,广岛 739–8527, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200860813729853447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200860813738242056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, companyId=1200860813729853447, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739–8527, Japan), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200860813746630665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, companyId=1200860813729853447, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.日本广岛大学 工程研究生院,广岛 739–8527)])]), Author(id=1200860816833638508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, orderNo=6, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200860816921718898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, authorId=1200860816833638508, language=EN, stringName=Fadli Syamsudin, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=Fadli Syamsudin, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=4, address=4. Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology, Jakarta 10340, Indonesia, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200860817009799284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, authorId=1200860816833638508, language=CN, stringName=Fadli Syamsudin, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=Fadli Syamsudin, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=4, address=4.印度尼西亚技术评估与应用局,雅加达 10340, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200860813843099658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200860813851488268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, companyId=1200860813843099658, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4. Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology, Jakarta 10340, Indonesia), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200860813859876876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, companyId=1200860813843099658, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.印度尼西亚技术评估与应用局,雅加达 10340)])]), Author(id=1200860817072713847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, orderNo=7, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=hchuang@zju.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200860817177571451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, authorId=1200860817072713847, language=EN, stringName=Haocai Huang, firstName=Haocai, middleName=null, lastName=Huang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1. Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200860817265651842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, authorId=1200860817072713847, language=CN, stringName=黄豪彩, firstName=豪彩, middleName=null, lastName=黄, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, *, address=1.浙江大学 海洋学院,浙江 舟山 316021, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200860813448836092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200860813453030397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, companyId=1200860813448836092, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200860813465613310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, companyId=1200860813448836092, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.浙江大学 海洋学院,浙江 舟山 316021)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1200860817471172744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=Coastal Acoustic Tomography), Keyword(id=1200860817588613261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=Data assimilation), Keyword(id=1200860817693470866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=Ensemble Kalman Filter), Keyword(id=1200860817827688596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=Stream Function Finite-Volume Community Ocean Model), Keyword(id=1200860817903186072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=沿海声层析), Keyword(id=1200860817991266460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=数据同化), Keyword(id=1200860818112901281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=集合卡尔曼滤波), Keyword(id=1200860818226147494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=流函数有限体积海洋模式)], refs=[Reference(id=1200860821870997741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Munk W, Wunsch C. Ocean acoustic tomography: a scheme for large scale monitoring[J]. Deep-Sea Research Part A. Oceanographic Research Papers, 1979, 26(2): 123−161., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200860822080712945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zheng H. Study on development and application of the coastal acoustic tomography system[D]. Hiroshima: Hiroshima University, 1997., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200860822282039541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Park J H, Kaneko A. Assimilation of coastal acoustic tomography data into a barotropic ocean model[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2000, 27(20): 3373−3376., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200860822407868665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lin Ju, Kaneko A, Gohda N, et al. Accurate imaging and prediction of Kanmon Strait tidal current structures by the coastal acoustic tomography data[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2005, 32(14): L14607., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200860822525309180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhu Xiaohua, Kaneko A, Wu Qingsong, et al. Mapping tidal current structures in Zhitouyang Bay, China, using coastal acoustic tomography[J]. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, 2013, 38(2): 285−296., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200860822680498433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=朱泽南, 朱小华, 张传正, 等. 三门湾沿海声层析潮流观测实验[J]. 地球物理学报, 2015, 58(5): 1742−1753., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200860822751801603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhu Zenan, Zhu Xiaohua, Zhang Chuanzheng, et al. An observational experiment of coastal acoustic tomography to map the structure of tidal currents in Sanmen Bay, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2015, 58(5): 1742−1753., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200860822852464902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Syamsudin F, Chen Minmo, Kaneko A, et al. Profiling measurement of internal tides in Bali Strait by reciprocal sound transmission[J]. Acoustical Science and Technology, 2017, 38(5): 246−253., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200860822940545290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Huang Haocai, Xie Xinyi, Guo Yong, et al. Mapping small-scale horizontal velocity field in Panzhinan waterway by coastal acoustic tomography[J]. Sensors, 2020, 20(19): 5717., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200860823175426316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Dai Longhao, Xiao Cong, Zhu Xiaohua, et al. Tomographic reconstruction of 3D sound speed fields to reveal internal tides on the continental slope of the South China Sea[J]. Frontiers in Marine Science, 2023, 9: 1107184., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200860823443861774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhu Xiaohua, Zhang Chuanzheng, WU Qingsong, et al. Measuring discharge in a river with tidal bores by use of the coastal acoustic tomography system[J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2012, 104−105: 54−65., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200860824471466258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang Chuanzheng, Kaneko A, Zhu Xiaohua, et al. Tomographic mapping of a coastal upwelling and the associated diurnal internal tides in Hiroshima Bay, Japan[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2015, 120(6): 4288−4305., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200860824601489684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=12, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen Minmo, Kaneko A, Lin Ju, et al. Mapping of a typhoon-driven coastal upwelling by assimilating coastal acoustic tomography data[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2017, 122(10): 7822−7837., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200860824752484630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yamaguchi K, Lin Ju, Kaneko A, et al. A continuous mapping of tidal current structures in the Kanmon Strait[J]. Journal of Oceanography, 2005, 61(2): 283−294., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200860824907673881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen Minmo, Syamsudin F, Kaneko A, et al. Real-time offshore coastal acoustic tomography enabled with mirror-transpond functionality[J]. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, 2020, 45(2): 645−655., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200860825062863131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gemba K L, Vazquez H J, Sarkar J, et al. Moving source ocean acoustic tomography with uncertainty quantification using controlled source-tow observations[J]. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2022, 151(2): 861−880., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200860825155137823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhu Xiaohua, Kaneko A, Wu Qingsong, et al. The first Chinese coastal acoustic tomography experiment[C]//Proceedings of OCEANS'10 IEEE SYDNEY. Sydney: IEEE, 2010: 1−4., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200860825268384033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhu Zenan, Zhu Xiaohua, Guo Xinyu. Coastal tomographic mapping of nonlinear tidal currents and residual currents[J]. Continental Shelf Research, 2017, 143: 219−227., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200860825415184677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li Fenghua, Yang Xishan, Zhang Yanjun, et al. Passive ocean acoustic tomography in shallow water[J]. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2019, 145(5): 2823−2830., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200860825536819495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Huang Haocai, Xie Xinyu, Gao Yixin, et al. Multi-layer flow field mapping in a small-scale shallow water reservoir by coastal acoustic tomography[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2023, 617: 128996., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200860825603928363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=20, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孙敬哲. 集合海气耦合资料同化方法及应用[D]. 长沙: 国防科技大学, 2020., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200860825679425837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=21, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sun Jingzhe. Ensemble-based ocean-atmosphere coupled data assimilation and its application[D]. Changsha: National University of Defense Technology, 2020., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200860825750729008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=22, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈辉, 何忠杰. 海洋环境场重构方法研究现状[J]. 海洋信息技术与应用, 2022, 37(3): 1−9., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200860825893335346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen Hui, He Zhongjie. Research status of marine environmental field reconstruction methods[J]. Journal of Marine Information Technology and Application, 2022, 37(3): 1−9., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200860826006581557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=22, rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=沈浙奇, 唐佑民, 高艳秋. 集合资料同化方法的理论框架及其在海洋资料同化的研究展望[J]. 海洋学报, 2016, 38(3): 1−14., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200860826136604984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=22, rfOrder=25, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shen Zheqi, Tang Youmin, Gao Yanqiu. The theoretical framework of the ensemble-based data assimilation method and its prospect in oceanic data assimilation[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2016, 38(3): 1−14., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200860826220491066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=26, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Worcester P F, Dzieciuch M A, Mercer J A, et al. The North Pacific acoustic laboratory deep-water acoustic propagation experiments in the Philippine Sea[J]. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2013, 134(4): 3359−3375., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200860826367291710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=27, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen Changsheng, Liu Hedong, Beardsley R C. An unstructured grid, finite-volume, three-dimensional, primitive equations ocean model: application to coastal ocean and estuaries[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 2003, 20(1): 159−186., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200860826480537922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=25, rfOrder=28, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang Chuanzheng, Zhu Zenan, Zhu Xiaohua. Assimilation of coastal acoustic tomography data using an unstructured triangular grid ocean model[C]//Proceedings of OCEANS 2017-Anchorage. Anchorage: IEEE, 2017: 1−6., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200860826593784131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=26, rfOrder=29, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhu Zenan, Zhu Xiaohua, Zhang Chuanzheng, et al. Dynamics of tidal and residual currents based on coastal acoustic tomography assimilated data obtained in Jiaozhou Bay, China[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2021, 126(6): e2020JC017003., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200860826849636680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=27, rfOrder=30, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Mackenzie K V. Nine-term equation for sound speed in the oceans[J]. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1981, 70(3): 807−812., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200860826979660108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=28, rfOrder=31, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hansen P C. Analysis of discrete Ill-Posed problems by means of the L-Curve[J]. SIAM Review, 1992, 34(4): 561−580., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200860827097100623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=29, rfOrder=32, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hanifa A D, Syamsudin F, Zhang Chuanzheng, et al. Tomographic measurement of tidal current and associated 3-h oscillation in Bali Strait[J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2020, 236: 106655., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200860827206152530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=30, rfOrder=33, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zheng Hong, Yamaoka H, Gohda N, et al. Design of the acoustic tomography system for velocity measurement with an application to the coastal sea[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of Japan (E), 1998, 19(3): 199−210., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200860827290038613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=31, rfOrder=34, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=朱泽南. 沿海声层析的同化和应用研究[D]. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2016., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200860827382313303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=31, rfOrder=35, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhu Zenan. A study on assimilation and application of Coastal Acoustic Tomography[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2016., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1200860821518676196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, awardId=52071293, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(52071293), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1200860821610950887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, awardId=41576031, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(41576031), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200860813448836092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200860813453030397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, companyId=1200860813448836092, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200860813465613310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, companyId=1200860813448836092, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.浙江大学 海洋学院,浙江 舟山 316021)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200860813633384450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200860813637578755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, companyId=1200860813633384450, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200860813645967364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, companyId=1200860813633384450, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.国防科技创新研究院,北京 100071)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200860813729853447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200860813738242056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, companyId=1200860813729853447, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739–8527, Japan), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200860813746630665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, companyId=1200860813729853447, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.日本广岛大学 工程研究生院,广岛 739–8527)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200860813843099658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200860813851488268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, companyId=1200860813843099658, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4. Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology, Jakarta 10340, Indonesia), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200860813859876876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, companyId=1200860813843099658, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.印度尼西亚技术评估与应用局,雅加达 10340)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1200860818477805739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Assimilation algorithm process, figureFileSmall=s5TUsi/r6mffM1tpB72Xtg==, figureFileBig=zOJCqppyXdgcFwSAEW1E1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200860818565886125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, language=CN, label=图1, caption=同化算法流程, figureFileSmall=s5TUsi/r6mffM1tpB72Xtg==, figureFileBig=zOJCqppyXdgcFwSAEW1E1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200860818691715249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Schematic diagram of CAT station layout, figureFileSmall=I/xPN3+vPZAfrxCoD5Qb3w==, figureFileBig=qGoVZ5WNGT1Ul1ZfsZOlmw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200860818775601332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, language=CN, label=图2, caption=CAT站位布置示意图, figureFileSmall=I/xPN3+vPZAfrxCoD5Qb3w==, figureFileBig=qGoVZ5WNGT1Ul1ZfsZOlmw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200860819916452023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Sound signal transmission delay from 8:00 to 12:00 on June 2, 2016, figureFileSmall=as3ZkUAKd5rAbIbu+B1Jqw==, figureFileBig=GEURSgmWVaGAuZb2kQfMQg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200860820008726716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, language=CN, label=图3, caption=2016年6月2日8时至12时声信号传输时延, figureFileSmall=as3ZkUAKd5rAbIbu+B1Jqw==, figureFileBig=GEURSgmWVaGAuZb2kQfMQg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200860820117778620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Sound signal transmission delay at 9:00, 10:00 and 11:00 on June 2, 2016, figureFileSmall=rUZQxlAQn8Ou0AmZXk5ucw==, figureFileBig=PmQa2qqwND9i9birQWTZPw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200860820243607745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, language=CN, label=图4, caption=2016年6月2日9时、10时和11时时刻声信号传输时延, figureFileSmall=rUZQxlAQn8Ou0AmZXk5ucw==, figureFileBig=PmQa2qqwND9i9birQWTZPw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200860820344271044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=FVCOM ocean model grid distribution, figureFileSmall=PtkKB4cCE1xLQzVGyFw+mA==, figureFileBig=hJl9zomgeuAXYx8vcKGELA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200860820486877382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, language=CN, label=图5, caption=FVCOM海洋模式网格分布, figureFileSmall=PtkKB4cCE1xLQzVGyFw+mA==, figureFileBig=hJl9zomgeuAXYx8vcKGELA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200860820587540682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Comparison between FVCOM mode flow field and flow function fitting flow field, figureFileSmall=DuNq2SP94sHNPjm/5AXNKg==, figureFileBig=TWcGjnPbSqBmuA7r6CVm8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200860820784672973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, language=CN, label=图6, caption=FVCOM模式流场与流函数拟合流场对比, figureFileSmall=DuNq2SP94sHNPjm/5AXNKg==, figureFileBig=TWcGjnPbSqBmuA7r6CVm8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200860820902113490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Distribution of flow field on June 2, 2016, figureFileSmall=NprjpjZy9i3a+rugwN6oxA==, figureFileBig=VNwJ+G0i+DbzLvpMeEsVVQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200860820994388180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, language=CN, label=图7, caption=2016年6月2日流场分布, figureFileSmall=NprjpjZy9i3a+rugwN6oxA==, figureFileBig=VNwJ+G0i+DbzLvpMeEsVVQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200860821107634391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

The depth of transducers and the distance between the stations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
站位
N1N2N3N4
深度/m4101427
站位组N1−N3N1−N4N2−N3N2−N4
站位组间距/m4 0314 4574 9446 199
), ArticleFig(id=1200860821199909082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

换能器所在深度和站位组间距

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
站位
N1N2N3N4
深度/m4101427
站位组N1−N3N1−N4N2−N3N2−N4
站位组间距/m4 0314 4574 9446 199
), ArticleFig(id=1200860821300572381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Root mean square error after fitting at each time

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间RMSE(u)EMSE(v)
6月2日9时0.0577 m/s0.0727 m/s
6月2日10时0.0376 m/s0.0504 m/s
6月2日11时0.0340 m/s0.0447 m/s
), ArticleFig(id=1200860821388652768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200468072445367086, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

拟合均方根误差

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间RMSE(u)EMSE(v)
6月2日9时0.0577 m/s0.0727 m/s
6月2日10时0.0376 m/s0.0504 m/s
6月2日11时0.0340 m/s0.0447 m/s
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1146441459026210850, delFlag=0, nameCn=海洋学报, nameEn=Haiyang Xuebao, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=0253-4193, eissn=null, cn=11-2055/P, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=否, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=uYi7hkkrve+l8pIcwqcaQQ==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=null, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1751262543687, updatedTime=1761729782936, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=H, firstLetterEn=H, subjectCode=Natural Sciences, subjectName=Natural Sciences, subjectCodeEn=Natural Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=uYi7hkkrve+l8pIcwqcaQQ==, picEn=C0WLQb7uW3ok8EkkVOAGuw==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1190344242636624294, language=CN, name=海洋学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.hyxbocean.cn/, createdTime=1761729782971, updatedTime=1761729782971, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://www.hyxb.org.cn/aos/ch/author/login.aspx, submissionEditorUrl=http://www.hyxb.org.cn/aos/ch/login.aspx, submissionReviewUrl=http://www.hyxb.org.cn/aos/ch/auditor/login.aspx, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1190344242712121767, language=EN, name=Haiyang Xuebao, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.aosocean.com/, createdTime=1761729782989, updatedTime=1761729782989, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://www.hyxb.org.cn/aos/ch/author/login.aspx, submissionEditorUrl=http://www.hyxb.org.cn/aos/ch/login.aspx, submissionReviewUrl=http://www.hyxb.org.cn/aos/ch/auditor/login.aspx, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1149651085930835976, websiteList=[Website(id=1188165202219512001, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1149651085930835976, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1761210259251, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761210330879, updateBy=18614031015, name=海洋学报-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=海洋学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1188166688563413602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761210613623, updateTime=1761210613623, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166688538247775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761210613617, updateTime=1761210613617, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166688529859166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN/file/pic?fileId=BDEio/cxHnid8OD4QxrAYQ==, createTime=1761210613615, updateTime=1761210613615, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166688555024993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1761210613621, updateTime=1761210613621, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166688546636384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1761210613619, updateTime=1761210613619, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166688575996515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761210613626, updateTime=1761210613626, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166688596968036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761210613631, updateTime=1761210613631, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1188165202282426564, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1149651085930835976, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1761210259266, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761210377920, updateBy=18614031015, name=海洋学报-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Haiyang Xuebao, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1188166798101856873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761210639739, updateTime=1761210639739, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166798076691046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761210639733, updateTime=1761210639733, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166798068302437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/EN/file/pic?fileId=BDEio/cxHnid8OD4QxrAYQ==, createTime=1761210639731, updateTime=1761210639731, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166798093468264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1761210639737, updateTime=1761210639737, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166798085079655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1761210639735, updateTime=1761210639735, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166798106051178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761210639740, updateTime=1761210639740, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166798110245483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761210639741, updateTime=1761210639741, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=海洋学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=http://www.hyxbocean.cn/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Haiyang Xuebao, journalPhotoCn=uYi7hkkrve+l8pIcwqcaQQ==, journalPhotoEn=C0WLQb7uW3ok8EkkVOAGuw==, journalFirstLetter=H, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN/10.12284/hyxb2024079, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/EN/10.12284/hyxb2024079, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN/PDF/10.12284/hyxb2024079, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/EN/PDF/10.12284/hyxb2024079, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
沿海声层析数据在印尼巴厘海峡的同化研究
收藏切换
PDF下载
于丰源 1 , 许世杰 1 , 谢心怡 1 , 高怡心 1 , 李光明 2 , Arita Kaneko 3 , Fadli Syamsudin 4 , 黄豪彩 1, *
海洋学报 | 论文 2024,46(8): 121-130
收起
收藏切换
海洋学报 | 论文 2024, 46(8): 121-130
沿海声层析数据在印尼巴厘海峡的同化研究
全屏
于丰源1 , 许世杰1, 谢心怡1, 高怡心1, 李光明2, Arita Kaneko3, Fadli Syamsudin4, 黄豪彩1, *
作者信息
  • 1.浙江大学 海洋学院,浙江 舟山 316021
  • 2.国防科技创新研究院,北京 100071
  • 3.日本广岛大学 工程研究生院,广岛 739–8527
  • 4.印度尼西亚技术评估与应用局,雅加达 10340
  • 于丰源(1998—),男,山东省威海市人,研究方向为沿海声层析及数据同化。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*黄豪彩(1979—),男,福建省龙岩市人,教授,主要从事海洋技术方向研究。E-mail:
Assimilation research of coastal acoustic tomography data in the Bali Strait, Indonesia
Fengyuan Yu1 , Shijie Xu1, Xinyi Xie1, Yixin Gao1, Guangming Li2, Arata Kaneko3, Fadli Syamsudin4, Haocai Huang1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China
  • 2. National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China
  • 3. Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739–8527, Japan
  • 4. Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology, Jakarta 10340, Indonesia
出版时间: 2024-08-31 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2024079
文章导航
收藏切换

沿海声层析(Coastal Acoustic Tomography,简称CAT)是利用高频声信号实现近海大范围流场观测的有效手段,但其直接观测范围仍然有限。海洋数值模式提供了一种存在仿真误差的大范围海洋背景场,将CAT观测结果与海洋背景结果同化,可以提高流场结果的分辨率和准确度。本文提出一种利用流函数拟合海洋模式流场结果并使用集合卡尔曼滤波算法同化CAT数据的方法,获得更大范围的海洋水平二维流场结果。同化研究以非结构化网格有限体积海洋数值模式(Finite-Volume Community Ocean Model,简称FVCOM)作为背景场,以2016年6月1日至3日在印度尼西亚巴厘海峡(Bali Strait)进行的4站CAT实验作为观测数据。经过背景场流函数拟合和CAT数据同化,获得巴厘海峡二维流场。同化结果分别与同期观测结果和潮位数据对比,发现流函数拟合同化后的流场能更准确地描述巴厘海峡涨落潮和流量情况,通过引入CAT数据与流场的函数关系,可以有效地降低海洋模式的误差和原观测数据的稀疏性。

沿海声层析  /  数据同化  /  集合卡尔曼滤波  /  流函数有限体积海洋模式

Coastal Acoustic Tomography (CAT) is an effective tool to observe the flow field in the large offshore range using high-frequency acoustic signals, of which direct observation range is still limited. The numerical ocean model provides a large-scale ocean background field with simulation errors, and the resolution and accuracy of the flow field results can be improved by assimilating the CAT data with the ocean background results. In this paper, we applied a method to obtain a larger range of two-dimensional ocean flow field results by fitting ocean-mode flow field results using Stream Function and assimilating CAT data using the Ensemble Kalman Filtering algorithm. The assimilation study used the unstructured grid Finite-Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM) as the background field, and the four CAT stations experiment conducted in Bali Strait, Indonesia, from 1st to 3rd June 2016 as the observational data. After fitting background field by Stream Function and assimilating CAT data, the two-dimensional flow field in Bali Strait is obtained. The assimilation results were compared with those of the same period of observation and tide level data, which is found that the flow function fitted and assimilated flow field can more accurately describe the high and low tides and flow conditions in the Bali Strait. By introducing the functional relationship between the CAT data and the flow field it can effectively reduce the error of the ocean model and the sparsity of the original observation data.

Coastal Acoustic Tomography  /  Data assimilation  /  Ensemble Kalman Filter  /  Stream Function Finite-Volume Community Ocean Model
于丰源, 许世杰, 谢心怡, 高怡心, 李光明, Arita Kaneko, Fadli Syamsudin, 黄豪彩. 沿海声层析数据在印尼巴厘海峡的同化研究. 海洋学报, 2024 , 46 (8) : 121 -130 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2024079
Fengyuan Yu, Shijie Xu, Xinyi Xie, Yixin Gao, Guangming Li, Arata Kaneko, Fadli Syamsudin, Haocai Huang. Assimilation research of coastal acoustic tomography data in the Bali Strait, Indonesia[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2024 , 46 (8) : 121 -130 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2024079
海洋声层析是一种利用声学手段测量海洋动力特征的技术[1],自20世纪70年代提出以来,被广泛应用于海洋中尺度动力过程观测。对于近岸沿海区域,由于声信号存在明显的多径效应和环境噪声干扰,使得原本用于海洋大尺度的层析观测方法不再适用[2]。为了实现对沿海海洋流场的精细化观测,沿海声层析(CAT)对海洋声层析改进,使用高频声源信号和海洋环境先验信息,获得高时空分辨率的海洋流场状态结果,成为近几年广泛应用于沿海观测的新型方式,在时间和空间分辨率上具有明显的优势[35]。CAT最早在1995年由广岛大学团队提出[2],其基本工作原理是通过在水下布置多个具有收发功能的声学换能器站位进行声信号互传。每个换能器识别不同声信号的传播时间,通过每两个站位间声信号的传播时间计算双向传播时间差,从而反演得到观测域的流场结果。相比较于多普勒流速剖面仪(ADCP)、温盐深仪(CTD)等传统的单点观测仪器,CAT技术的一个明显优势在于其可以通过在关键区域布置少量站位,即实现对几百米至几十千米较大面积区域流场的观测。实验表明,在入海口、海峡、水道、开阔海域等[69]不同环境条件下,CAT均取得较好的观测结果。
CAT经过20余年的发展,随着反演算法和观测手段的进步,被越来越广泛地应用于观测内波、潮汐、上升流等[1012]海洋动力过程。日本的Kaneko等致力于CAT研究,于2003年在日本濑户内海关门海峡进行了2 km尺度的CAT观测实验[13],反演得到有限区域内的12 h的流场。为进一步实现远距离观测,2017年广岛大学的Chen等[14],开发了可以在水下镜像工作的CAT系统,通过实验验证了其具有长距离实时观测的能力,并提出一种能在水下1 km实现50 km尺度实时观测的CAT系统。2022年美国的Gemba等开展移动声层析实验[15],实验设置两个相距1 km由32个单元组成的垂直线性阵列和1个在水深10 m的拖曳声源,结果表明,移动声源的射线多样性降低了后验声速的不确定性,具有更好的反演成像性能,验证了一种新的大范围观测方式。国内的CAT起步较晚,从2007年开始,自然资源部第二海洋研究所的朱小华团队率先在国内引进CAT技术并开展了许多的技术研发和应用研究[16-17]。2019年中国科学院声学研究所Li等开展了在浅水环境中利用被动海洋声层析方法来反演声速剖面的研究,得到了间隔2 h的海洋声速剖面[18]。2023年,浙江大学Huang等[19]识别到三维层析,认为声层析具有反演三维流场的潜力。
上述学者将CAT观测技术和数据后处理技术进一步发展,但所采用的仍然是CAT直接获取的传播时间数据,对观测结果的空间扩展性较差,反演得到的海洋动力过程只能集中在观测区域。若要获得更大范围和更高精度的海洋流场信息,需要设计更多站位的CAT实验,这不但会增加观测成本,而且受限于声信号远距离传输的衰减,流场反演结果的精度反而会降低。为此,本文引入了数据同化手段作为提升和扩展CAT观测数据的方式。
数据同化是将一种将预测模型与观测数据融合的方法,最早出现在大气预报领域[20],之后逐步在海洋领域应用,目前最优插值(OI)、集合卡尔曼滤波(EnKF)、四维变分(4D-Var)等同化手段被广泛使用[21-22]。利用数据同化,可以有效的将观测范围拓宽十几倍甚至几十倍,同时仍然可以保证较高的时空分辨率。2000年,广岛大学的Park和kaneko首次提出使用集合卡尔曼滤波的方法[3],CAT数据同化到二维正压的普利斯顿海洋模型,结果表明同化后的流场消除了反演流场中出现的涡旋,更符合该区域海流规律,与航空摄影比对接近。2009−2011年美国的Worcester等[23],在菲律宾海进行了一系列中尺度涡观测实验,同时融合声层析数据、水下滑翔机和潜标等海洋动力环境观测数据与海洋模型数据进行同化,得到中尺度时空变化特性。2003年,马萨诸塞大学Chen等首次提出有限体积海洋数值模式(FVCOM)[24],该模型采用非结构化网格,能够更好贴合复杂岸线和岛屿。朱小华团队在2017年和2021年分别利用三门湾和胶州湾的CAT实验数据[25-26],与FVCOM海洋模式融合,得到较好的三维流场结果,实验结果对潮流动力学研究发挥了重要作用。数据同化方法是将海洋模式结果作为模拟值,利用CAT数据等多种观测值作为观测集合输入,获得高精度的同化结果。
不同于前期工作,本文重点是用流函数拟合海洋模式流场,建立与声层析观测结果的矩阵关系,利用集合卡尔曼滤波同化获得更新后的流场。采用2016年6月1日至3日在印度尼西亚巴厘海峡4站位CAT观测实验数据,以FVCOM海洋模式计算结果作为数据同化的背景场,同化后获得高精度流场结果。解决了因观测数据稀疏而导致的同化结果差的问题,提高实验观测的精度和范围,是一种新的海洋动力过程观测与数据同化的方法。
声信号在水中传播,可以使用声线模型表示,其传播时间为
$ {t}_{\pm }={\int }_{\mathit{ \Gamma} }^{}\frac{{\text{d}}s}{{C}_{0}+\Delta C\left(x,\,z\right)\pm {v}_{c}\left(x,\,z\right)}, $
式中,$ {t}_{\pm } $表示两个换能器之间正向和反向声信号双向传播时间,$ {C}_{0} $表示参考声速,$ \Delta C $表示参考声速误差,根据Mackenzie公式[27],其主要受海水温度、盐度和水深影响,$ {v}_{c} $表示水流沿声线传播方向的流速,$ \mathit{ \Gamma} $表示声线的传播路径,$ {\text{d}}s $表示声信号沿传播方向的路径微分单元。由于海水是不均匀介质,声信号在传播过程中会因折射现象而沿曲线传播,并可能会出现海表面和/或海底反射。由于$ {C}_{0} $远大于$ \Delta C $$ {v}_{c} $,经过泰勒展开舍去高阶项后,上式可以近似表示为
$ {t}_{\pm }\approx {\int }_{ { \varGamma}}^{}\frac{{\text{d}}s}{{C}_{0}}\left(1-\frac{\Delta C\pm {v}_{c}}{{C}_{0}}\right), $
则双向传播时间差表示为
$ {\Delta \tau =t}_+-{t}_-\approx -2{\int }_{{ \varGamma} }^{}\frac{{v}_{c}}{{\left({C}_{0}\right)}^{2}}{\text{d}}s, $
进一步,$ {v}_{c} $$ s $分别满足下式:
$ {{v}_{c}\left(x,\,z\right)=\mathrm{cos}\,\varphi \left(x,\,z\right)\cdot v}_{{\text{h}}}\left(x,\,z\right) ,$
$ {\text{d}}s=\frac{{\text{d}}l}{\mathrm{cos}\,\varphi \left(x,\,z\right)}, $
式中,$ {v}_{\text{h}} $表示水流沿水平传播方向的流速,$ {\text{d}}l $表示声线沿水平方向的路径微分单元,$ \varphi $表示声信号传播方向与水平方向的夹角。将式(4)和式(5)代入式(3),可以得到:
$ \Delta \tau \approx 2 \int_L^{}-\frac{v_{\text{h}}}{\left(C_0\right)^2}\mathrm{d}l, $
式中,$ L $表示声信号路径在水平方向的投影。对于$ {v}_{\text{h}} $,还可以进一步分解为沿水平东方向的速度$ u $和北方向的速度$ v $,即:
$ {v}_{{\text{h}}}=u\cdot \mathrm{cos}\,\theta +v\cdot \mathrm{sin}\,\theta ,$
式中$ \theta $表示水平流$ {v}_{{\text{h}}} $与东方向的夹角。可以用路径平均流速$ \bar{u} $$\bar{v} $代替积分式(7)中的$ u $$ v $,并将结果带入式(6)则路径平均流速表示为
$ \bar{u}\cdot \mathrm{cos}\,\theta +\bar{v}\cdot \mathrm{sin}\,\theta \approx -\frac{\Delta \tau \cdot {\left({C}_{0}\right)}^{2}}{2L}. $
CAT观测数据进行数据同化的关键是需要建立同化模式场与观测场中各个网格内流场的关系。流函数是基于不可压缩流体连续性方程推导出的用于描述二维流场的方程。利用流函数建立同化场与观测场的关系是本文的核心之一。
流函数满足以下关系:
$ \frac{\partial \varPsi}{\partial y}=u ,$
$ -\frac{\partial \varPsi}{\partial x}=v .$
为了描述流函数的具体形式,展开为二元泰勒级数,其基本形式为
$\begin{aligned}f({x}_{0}+\,&{\Delta x},{y}_{0}+{\Delta y})=f\left({x}_{0},\,{y}_{0}\right)+\\&\sum_{i=1}^{n}\frac{1}{i!}\left(\Delta x\frac{\partial}{\partial x}+\Delta y\frac{\partial }{\partial y}\right)^{i}f\left({x}_{0},\,{y}_{0}\right)+{R}_{n} .\end{aligned}$
将流函数$ \varPsi $代入式(11)中f,并令x0 = 0,y0 = 0,则流函数可以表示为
$ \varPsi\left(x,y\right)=\sum _{i=0}^{i=n}\sum _{j=0}^{j=n-i}{a}_{ij}{x}^{i}{y}^{j}+{R}_{n}, $
式中,$ {a}_{ij} $为待求系数,$ x $$ y $分别为某一点的坐标。将式(12)带入式(9)和式(10)中,得到:
$ u=\sum _{i=0}^{i=n}\sum _{j=0}^{j=n-i}{j\cdot a}_{ij}{x}^{i}{y}^{j-1}+{R}_{n}^{u} ,$
$ v=-\sum _{i=0}^{i=n}\sum _{j=0}^{j=n-i}{i\cdot a}_{ij}{x}^{i-1}{y}^{j}+{R}_{n}^{v}. $
式(13)和式(14)写作矩阵的形式:
$ \boldsymbol{\varPsi }=\boldsymbol{EA}+\boldsymbol{N}, $
其中,
$\boldsymbol{\varPsi }=\left[\begin{array}{c}u\left(x,\,y\right)\\ v\left(x,\,y\right)\end{array}\right]\text{,} \boldsymbol{N}=\left[\begin{array}{c}{R}_{n}^{u}\\ {R}_{n}^{v}\end{array}\right] \text{,} $
$ \boldsymbol{E}=\left[\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} &0 & 1 & \cdots & j\cdot {x}^{i}{y}^{j-1} & \cdots & 0\\ &0 & 0 &\cdots & -i\cdot {x}^{i-1}{y}^{j} & \cdots & -n\cdot {x}^{n-1}\end{array}\right] \text{,} $
$ \qquad\;\; \boldsymbol{A}=\left[\begin{array}{cccccc}{a}_{0\_0}& {a}_{0\_1}& \cdots & {a}_{ij}& \cdots & {a}_{n\_0}\end{array}\right] $
$\boldsymbol{{\varPsi }} $NEA分别表示流速矩阵,误差噪声矩阵,位置坐标矩阵和待求系数矩阵。求解流函数的过程转换为求解系数矩阵的过程。锥形最小二乘法可以用于求解上述逆问题。对式(15)定义损失函数:
$ \mathrm{J}={\boldsymbol{N}}^{\text{T}}{\boldsymbol{N}}+{{\alpha }^{2}}{\boldsymbol{A}}^{\text{T}}{\boldsymbol{A}}={\left(\boldsymbol{\varPsi }-{\boldsymbol{EA}}\right)}^{\text{T}}\left(\boldsymbol{\varPsi }-{\boldsymbol{EA}}\right)+{{\alpha }^{2}}{\boldsymbol{A}}^{\text{T}}{\boldsymbol{A}} ,$
式中,$ \alpha $是一个待定常数。令损失函数对$ \boldsymbol{A} $求偏导并使结果为0,则可以得到损失函数最小时$ \boldsymbol{A} $的解,即期望最优解:
$ \widehat{\boldsymbol{A}}={\left({\boldsymbol{E}}^{\text{T}}{\boldsymbol{E}}+{\alpha }^{2}I\right)}^{-1}{{\boldsymbol{E}}}^{\text{T}}\boldsymbol{\varPsi } .$
$ E $做奇异值分解,提取主要分量,进一步通过L-曲线法[28],确定$ \alpha $的值。最终获得了流函数拟合同化场的系数矩阵表达$ \widehat{\boldsymbol{A}} $
集合卡尔曼滤波在解决非线性问题时,不需要写入伴随矩阵,同时能有效降低数据同化量,在对沿海声层析数据同化中有一定优势。在模型计算到某一时刻,可以通过流函数拟合得到此刻的系数矩阵$ {\boldsymbol{A}} $,同时给模型边界扰动,生成$ k $个不同的集合,表示为
$ {\boldsymbol{ A}}=\left({A}_{1},{A}_{2},\cdots ,{A}_{n}\right)\in {\mathbb{R}}^{m\times k} ,$
其中$\in {\mathbb{R}}^{m\times k} $表示矩阵Amk列。则集合的协方差表示为
$ {P}^{f}=\frac{\left({\boldsymbol{A}}-\bar{{\boldsymbol{A}}}\right){\left({\boldsymbol{A}}-\bar{{\boldsymbol{A}}}\right)}^{\text{T}}}{k-1}\in {\mathbb{R}}^{m\times m}, $
式中,$ \bar{{\boldsymbol{A}}} $表示集合的平均,$ m $表示系数矩阵的行数,即状态向量的维数。
对于观测向量,要考虑观测误差协方差$ R $。误差设置为零均值的高斯白噪声,均方差为5 cm/s。则扩展卡尔曼滤波器更新方程为
$\left \{ \begin{array}{l} {\boldsymbol{A}}=\widehat{{\boldsymbol{A}}}+K\left({\boldsymbol{D}}-{\boldsymbol{H}}\widehat{{\boldsymbol{A}}}\right), \\{\boldsymbol{K}}={{\boldsymbol{P}}}^{f}{{\boldsymbol{H}}}^{\text T}{\left[{\boldsymbol{H}}{\left({\boldsymbol{H}}{{\boldsymbol{P}}}^{f}\right)}^{\text T}+R\right]}^{-1}, \\{\boldsymbol{P}}=\left({\boldsymbol{I}}-K{\boldsymbol{H}}\right){{\boldsymbol{P}}}^{f},\end{array} \right.$
式中,$ K $是卡尔曼增益系数,$ \boldsymbol D $是观测矩阵,$ I $是单位阵,$ \boldsymbol H $是状态转移矩阵,$ \widehat{\boldsymbol A} $为公式(17)中拟合得到的系数矩阵。进一步,由式(8)可推得公式(21):
$ \left(\begin{array}{c}-\displaystyle\frac{{\left({C}_{0}\right)}^{2}\Delta {\tau }_{1}}{2{L}_{1}}\\ -\displaystyle\frac{{\left({C}_{0}\right)}^{2}\Delta {\tau }_{2}}{2{L}_{2}}\\ \begin{array}{c}\vdots \\ -\displaystyle\frac{{\left({C}_{0}\right)}^{2}\Delta {\tau }_{r}}{2{L}_{r}}\end{array}\end{array}\right)=\left(\begin{array}{cccccc}{a}_{1-1}\mathrm{cos}\,{\theta }_{1}& \cdots & {a}_{1-k}\mathrm{cos}\,{\theta }_{1}& {a}_{1-1}\mathrm{sin}\,{\theta }_{1}& \cdots & {a}_{1-k}\mathrm{sin}\,{\theta }_{1}\\{a}_{2-1}\mathrm{cos}\,{\theta }_{2}& \cdots & {a}_{2-k}\mathrm{cos}\,{\theta }_{2}& {a}_{2-1}\mathrm{sin}\,{\theta }_{2}& \cdots & {a}_{2-k}\mathrm{sin}\,{\theta }_{2}\\ \vdots & \vdots &\vdots & \vdots & \vdots & \vdots\\{a}_{r-1}\mathrm{cos}\,{\theta }_{r}& \cdots & {a}_{r-k}\mathrm{cos}\,{\theta }_{r}& {a}_{r-1}\mathrm{sin}\,{\theta }_{r}& \cdots & {a}_{r-k}\mathrm{sin}\,{\theta }_{r}\end{array}\right)\left(\begin{array}{c}{u}_{1}\\ \vdots \\ {u}_{k}\\ {v}_{1}\\ \vdots \\ {v}_{k}\end{array}\right)$
其中,$ {a}_{i-j} $表示第i条声线在第j个位置的系数,$ {\theta }_{i} $表示第i条声线与正东方向的夹角,$ {u}_{j} $$ {v}_{j} $表示第j个位置水流的正东方向和正北方向的流速。式(21)的3个矩阵可以分别用$ \boldsymbol D $$ \boldsymbol T $$ \boldsymbol{\varPsi } $表示,简写成$ \boldsymbol D= \boldsymbol{T}\boldsymbol{\varPsi } $。根据式(15),状态转移矩阵写作:
$ \boldsymbol H= \boldsymbol {TE}. $
通过数据同化误差小于阈值,来获得优化后的声层析同化场结果。整体算法流程如图1所示。
巴厘海峡(Bali Strait)海流多变,海况复杂。2016年6月1日至3日,在巴厘海峡北部进行了一次CAT观测实验[29],如图2所示。实验共设置4组CAT系统,分别布放在巴厘海峡东西两侧的巴厘岛(Bali Island)和爪哇岛(Java Island)沿岸。CAT系统通过缆绳与水下的声学换能器连接,换能器产生稳定10 kHz频率的声信号。其中,3台换能器(N2,N3,N4)固定在距离海底5 m深处,1台换能器(N1)固定在水深中间层,距离海底4 m深处。换能器所在深度和站位对间距如表1所示。为保证各站位实现同步,CAT系统时间通过全球定位系统(GPS)校准,以准确获得高精度声信号传输时间。所产生声信号采用10阶M序列[30]作为基带信号,每间隔1 min发送一次信号,Q = 3(Q表示M序列位元占用载波周期数),每次传输时中信号重复R = 3次。
印尼巴厘海峡水流变化大、环境噪声明显。为更好地研究巴厘海峡流场变化,过滤噪声干扰,对获取的CAT观测数据采用30 min时间平均处理,提高信号信噪比,降低高频分潮扰动。平均后的CAT数据观测频率与海洋模式的输出频率相同。声信号的传输时间通过相关后的信号到达峰表示,M序列做正交相关处理后,得到一条不同传输时间的信噪比强度曲线。实验观测主要集中在2016年6月1日晚至3日凌晨,图3展示了从2日8时至12时的信号传输时延,曲线的高度表示信噪比高低,曲线的横坐标表示信号的传输时延。通过比较潮汐情况和观测数据质量,最终选取2日9时、10时、11时3个典型时刻的实验结果作为下一步同化研究的观测数据。如图4所示,3个时刻基本都可以观测到明显的声信号到达峰,其中,N2站接收信号的信噪比偏低,其接收峰的信噪比为45 dB左右,大于其他位置30 dB左右的信噪比。在10时,由于声信号存在因表面反射和底部反射而产生的多径效应,N3站接收到来自N2站的多峰,且第一到达峰因为经过更少的底部反射和表面反射,其信噪比高于第二到达峰,因此选择第一到达峰作为直达峰。在11时,N2站对N4站的接收峰峰值高度较低,且接收时间与前一时刻相差约0.02 s,这是因为N2与N4站之间信号传输距离较远,且两站之间声线经过多次海底−海表面反射[29]造成的信号声强减弱的接收信噪比降低,同时由于声线经过8次左右的海表面反射,使得声线结构受海表面影响明显,随着潮汐涨落变化,声线的传输路径也会受到影响,使N2−N4站间观测结果可能存在误差,该误差将在同化结果中做出说明。
巴厘海峡整体呈南北两侧开口大、中间水道窄的沙漏型,且海峡南北水深大、中间水深浅。作为印尼贯穿流的主要进出口之一,流量随季节变化明显。海峡两岸人类活动较为频繁,自然岸线较复杂,但地形过渡相对平滑。对于本文所研究的中小尺度范围,为了更好地贴合巴厘海峡复杂海岸线和海底地形,选择FVCOM海洋模式。该模式采用三角形非结构化网格,并将标量信息存放在三角形结点,矢量信息存放在三角形中心点,能够更好地描述模型边界的变化。岸线数据来自岸线数据来自GSHHG,是由夏威夷大学和美国国家海洋和大气管理局共同开发和维护的全球地理信息数据集,深度数据来自世界大洋深度图GEBCO,由联合国教科文组织下属的政府间海洋学委员会IOC和国际海道测量组织IHO联合主持编制。本文模型共包括9371个结点和18116个非结构化网格,如图5所示。模型开边界结点间距设置为2 km左右,巴厘海峡中部水道作为主要研究区域,结点间距在200 m左右。潮位驱动选用美国TPXO模式,并选用M2、S2、N2、K2、K1、O1、P1、Q1 8个平衡潮振幅最大的分潮作为输入。为使模型充分稳定,计算开始时间为2016年5月20日,输出为半小时平均的流场文件。在FVCOM输出结果中,涨潮时最高潮位0.73 m,落潮时最低潮位−1.31 m;最大流速2.16 m/s,最大平均流速0.33 m/s。根据前人在该海域夏季进行的观测试验结果对比[7, 29],模式结果与观测结果在数值上有较好吻合,但仍存在一定误差,需要数据同化校正。
在FVCOM海洋模式的7个基本方程[24]中,存在三维不可压缩流体连续性方程:
$ \frac{\partial u}{x}+\frac{\partial v}{y}+\frac{\partial w}{z}=0 ,$
式中,分别表示沿,方向的流速,由于该处水平宽度远大于水深,且潮汐涨落幅度远小于水深,因此将巴厘海峡近似为二维流场,可以使用由二维连续性方程推导得到的流函数拟合。以CAT换能器所在的平均深度10 m处流场为例,图6分别绘制3个时刻在8.1°S至8.3°S、114.3°E至114.5°E区域在拟合前后流场情况。为使结果清晰,只显示了区域内部分网格的流场结果。在巴厘海峡南部区域,海洋模式计算得到的流速远小于北部区域,因此8.3°S至8.7°S的结果未做展示。通过比较左侧FVCOM模式直接计算得到的流场和右侧经过流函数拟合FVCOM模式得到的流场,发现9时至11时的3个时刻经过流函数拟合后,流场损失了一些细节,如在11时可能出现的东西横向流在拟合后无法观测到。这是由于拟合的过程中数据维数降低,一些网格内流速、流向明显异于周围网格的数据,在矩阵计算过程中其特征值远小于其他网格的数据,使得其在计算过程中信息被压缩或丢失,但主要流场信息被保留,可以描述流场整体情况。表2展示了流函数拟合的均方根误差(RMSE),结果与CAT观测误差相当[731]
通过式(20)所述方法建立集合卡尔曼滤波模型,对流场进行多次滤波,CAT的观测流场结果与同化后的流场结果差值小于阈值。图7分别展示了3个时刻的同化前后结果对比,图中红色箭头表示流函数拟合FVCOM模式得到的流场,黑色箭头表示经过CAT数据同化后的流场。因为实验没有通过其他手段观测流场,且其他开源数据集也没有覆盖该区域,因此结果的数据对比主要依据其他学者对该区域的研究[29]和体积运输平衡[19]的比较方式。根据2日当天的潮位变化,上午9时前后达到第一个高潮位,随后开始退潮。如图7a,2日9时的流场在同化后流场降低了垂直岸线方向的流速,即向岸流和离岸流减弱,符合时间平均后的流体运动特征。监测海峡的水流流量,分别在巴厘海峡北侧口和南侧口选取一条沿东北−西南方向的截面(截面与东方向夹角45°,保证水流的东分量和北分量有相同权重),对该截面的水流做面积分。9时在同化前,海峡南北口的流量分别是−25367.01 m3/s和−33921.18 m3/s,同化后流量变为−6272.42 m3/s和−7969.87 m3/s,水流方向整体为南侧流入北侧流出,且流入大于流出,潮位升高,对应此时涨潮。
图7b为10时的流场分布情况,在同化前后,该时刻的流场流向在南北方向几乎反转。这是因为海洋模式的驱动力主要来自于添加在开边界的潮位驱动,边界潮位发生变化产生正压,并以流的形式向模型内部传导,该过程需要一定的时间,因此海洋模式计算的流场与观测流场会在时间上存在时延差。进一步验证了声层析观测数据可以使同化后的流场更贴合真实情况,有助于提升数据可靠性。
图7c为11时的流场分布,此时计算同化前后海流通量,同化前海峡南北口的流量分别是10183.80 m3/s和8854.79 m3/s,同化后流量变为9756.12 m3/s和10641.90 m3/s,水流方向整体为北侧流入南侧流出,且流入小于流出,潮位下降,与涨落潮情况一致。但该时刻同化前后流场变化不明显,因为该时刻的观测值中,在N2站与N4站间的传输时间存在一个偏差较大的值,使得观测误差协方差矩阵$\boldsymbol R $增大,降低同化效果,从观测数据敏感性的角度上说明,流场同化精度的提升对声层析观测数据的可靠性有较高要求。但由于其他3条声线能够提供准确度观测值,使得该组观测可以仍然可以为同化提高精度。
本文采用巴厘海峡的沿海声层析观测数据集,提出利用流函数拟合FVCOM的离散流场结果,得到流函数的系数矩阵,通过集合卡尔曼滤波算法同化观测流场,获得更新后的流函数系数矩阵,进而得到同化后的流场结果。以流函数的形式表达流场,可以有效建立声层析观测和背景流场的数值关系,用于描述沿海流场的状态,并降低模式的误差。将同化前后的海流数据与巴厘海峡的实际海况对比后发现,流函数拟合同化后的结果能够更准确地描述巴厘海峡沿岸流变化以及海峡通量大小。提出的流函数拟合数据同化方法能够有效降低海洋模式驱动产生的误差和原有观测数据的稀疏性。该方法适用于利用沿海声层析观测的实验数据再分析,可获得具有更高分辨率的结果。
在后续研究中,将使用更高时间分辨率的CAT数据,实现对高频分潮的观测。进一步地,验证该方法对距离观测区域较远海域的流场同化结果,为近海更大区域的流场观测提供一种思路。
  • 国家自然科学基金(52071293)
  • 国家自然科学基金(41576031)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
1
Munk W, Wunsch C. Ocean acoustic tomography: a scheme for large scale monitoring[J]. Deep-Sea Research Part A. Oceanographic Research Papers, 1979, 26(2): 123−161.
2
Zheng H. Study on development and application of the coastal acoustic tomography system[D]. Hiroshima: Hiroshima University, 1997.
3
Park J H, Kaneko A. Assimilation of coastal acoustic tomography data into a barotropic ocean model[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2000, 27(20): 3373−3376.
4
Lin Ju, Kaneko A, Gohda N, et al. Accurate imaging and prediction of Kanmon Strait tidal current structures by the coastal acoustic tomography data[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2005, 32(14): L14607.
5
Zhu Xiaohua, Kaneko A, Wu Qingsong, et al. Mapping tidal current structures in Zhitouyang Bay, China, using coastal acoustic tomography[J]. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, 2013, 38(2): 285−296.
6
朱泽南, 朱小华, 张传正, 等. 三门湾沿海声层析潮流观测实验[J]. 地球物理学报, 2015, 58(5): 1742−1753.
Zhu Zenan, Zhu Xiaohua, Zhang Chuanzheng, et al. An observational experiment of coastal acoustic tomography to map the structure of tidal currents in Sanmen Bay, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2015, 58(5): 1742−1753.
7
Syamsudin F, Chen Minmo, Kaneko A, et al. Profiling measurement of internal tides in Bali Strait by reciprocal sound transmission[J]. Acoustical Science and Technology, 2017, 38(5): 246−253.
8
Huang Haocai, Xie Xinyi, Guo Yong, et al. Mapping small-scale horizontal velocity field in Panzhinan waterway by coastal acoustic tomography[J]. Sensors, 2020, 20(19): 5717.
9
Dai Longhao, Xiao Cong, Zhu Xiaohua, et al. Tomographic reconstruction of 3D sound speed fields to reveal internal tides on the continental slope of the South China Sea[J]. Frontiers in Marine Science, 2023, 9: 1107184.
10
Zhu Xiaohua, Zhang Chuanzheng, WU Qingsong, et al. Measuring discharge in a river with tidal bores by use of the coastal acoustic tomography system[J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2012, 104−105: 54−65.
11
Zhang Chuanzheng, Kaneko A, Zhu Xiaohua, et al. Tomographic mapping of a coastal upwelling and the associated diurnal internal tides in Hiroshima Bay, Japan[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2015, 120(6): 4288−4305.
12
Chen Minmo, Kaneko A, Lin Ju, et al. Mapping of a typhoon-driven coastal upwelling by assimilating coastal acoustic tomography data[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2017, 122(10): 7822−7837.
13
Yamaguchi K, Lin Ju, Kaneko A, et al. A continuous mapping of tidal current structures in the Kanmon Strait[J]. Journal of Oceanography, 2005, 61(2): 283−294.
14
Chen Minmo, Syamsudin F, Kaneko A, et al. Real-time offshore coastal acoustic tomography enabled with mirror-transpond functionality[J]. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, 2020, 45(2): 645−655.
15
Gemba K L, Vazquez H J, Sarkar J, et al. Moving source ocean acoustic tomography with uncertainty quantification using controlled source-tow observations[J]. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2022, 151(2): 861−880.
16
Zhu Xiaohua, Kaneko A, Wu Qingsong, et al. The first Chinese coastal acoustic tomography experiment[C]//Proceedings of OCEANS'10 IEEE SYDNEY. Sydney: IEEE, 2010: 1−4.
17
Zhu Zenan, Zhu Xiaohua, Guo Xinyu. Coastal tomographic mapping of nonlinear tidal currents and residual currents[J]. Continental Shelf Research, 2017, 143: 219−227.
18
Li Fenghua, Yang Xishan, Zhang Yanjun, et al. Passive ocean acoustic tomography in shallow water[J]. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2019, 145(5): 2823−2830.
19
Huang Haocai, Xie Xinyu, Gao Yixin, et al. Multi-layer flow field mapping in a small-scale shallow water reservoir by coastal acoustic tomography[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2023, 617: 128996.
20
孙敬哲. 集合海气耦合资料同化方法及应用[D]. 长沙: 国防科技大学, 2020.
Sun Jingzhe. Ensemble-based ocean-atmosphere coupled data assimilation and its application[D]. Changsha: National University of Defense Technology, 2020.
21
陈辉, 何忠杰. 海洋环境场重构方法研究现状[J]. 海洋信息技术与应用, 2022, 37(3): 1−9.
Chen Hui, He Zhongjie. Research status of marine environmental field reconstruction methods[J]. Journal of Marine Information Technology and Application, 2022, 37(3): 1−9.
22
沈浙奇, 唐佑民, 高艳秋. 集合资料同化方法的理论框架及其在海洋资料同化的研究展望[J]. 海洋学报, 2016, 38(3): 1−14.
Shen Zheqi, Tang Youmin, Gao Yanqiu. The theoretical framework of the ensemble-based data assimilation method and its prospect in oceanic data assimilation[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2016, 38(3): 1−14.
23
Worcester P F, Dzieciuch M A, Mercer J A, et al. The North Pacific acoustic laboratory deep-water acoustic propagation experiments in the Philippine Sea[J]. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2013, 134(4): 3359−3375.
24
Chen Changsheng, Liu Hedong, Beardsley R C. An unstructured grid, finite-volume, three-dimensional, primitive equations ocean model: application to coastal ocean and estuaries[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 2003, 20(1): 159−186.
25
Zhang Chuanzheng, Zhu Zenan, Zhu Xiaohua. Assimilation of coastal acoustic tomography data using an unstructured triangular grid ocean model[C]//Proceedings of OCEANS 2017-Anchorage. Anchorage: IEEE, 2017: 1−6.
26
Zhu Zenan, Zhu Xiaohua, Zhang Chuanzheng, et al. Dynamics of tidal and residual currents based on coastal acoustic tomography assimilated data obtained in Jiaozhou Bay, China[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2021, 126(6): e2020JC017003.
27
Mackenzie K V. Nine-term equation for sound speed in the oceans[J]. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1981, 70(3): 807−812.
28
Hansen P C. Analysis of discrete Ill-Posed problems by means of the L-Curve[J]. SIAM Review, 1992, 34(4): 561−580.
29
Hanifa A D, Syamsudin F, Zhang Chuanzheng, et al. Tomographic measurement of tidal current and associated 3-h oscillation in Bali Strait[J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2020, 236: 106655.
30
Zheng Hong, Yamaoka H, Gohda N, et al. Design of the acoustic tomography system for velocity measurement with an application to the coastal sea[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of Japan (E), 1998, 19(3): 199−210.
31
朱泽南. 沿海声层析的同化和应用研究[D]. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2016.
Zhu Zenan. A study on assimilation and application of Coastal Acoustic Tomography[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2016.
2024年第46卷第8期
PDF下载
207
84
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.12284/hyxb2024079
  • 接收时间:2024-03-01
  • 首发时间:2025-11-26
  • 出版时间:2024-08-31
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-01
  • 修回日期:2024-06-17
基金
国家自然科学基金(52071293)
国家自然科学基金(41576031)
作者信息
    1.浙江大学 海洋学院,浙江 舟山 316021
    2.国防科技创新研究院,北京 100071
    3.日本广岛大学 工程研究生院,广岛 739–8527
    4.印度尼西亚技术评估与应用局,雅加达 10340

通讯作者:

*黄豪彩(1979—),男,福建省龙岩市人,教授,主要从事海洋技术方向研究。E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN/10.12284/hyxb2024079
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏