Article(id=1200432924454678972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1200432923632595385, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12284/hyxb2024056, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1700409600000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-20, revisedDate=1704816000000, revisedDateStr=2024-01-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764135112154, onlineDateStr=2025-11-26, pubDate=1717084800000, pubDateStr=2024-05-31, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764135112154, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764135112154, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764135112154, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1200432923632595385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2024', volume='46', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='136', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=0, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764135111959, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764135248631, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200433496922641251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1200432923632595385, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200433496922641252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1200432923632595385, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=57, endPage=67, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200432924626645439, articleId=1200432924454678972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Analysis on the characteristics of macrobenthic animal communities inside and outside the autumn marine ranch on Yantai Changdao Island, columnId=1194652705852465724, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To clarify the composition and distribution characteristics of macrobenthic communities in Yantai Changdao Island marine ranch and evaluate the impact of marine ranching on these macrobenthos, sampling stations were set up inside and outside the marine ranch in October 2022. Surveys of macrobenthic animals and the characteristics of macrobenthic communities were analyzed. A total of 88 species of macrobenthic animals were collected and identified during this voyage. Although the number of species in the pasture and control area was similar, the dominant groups differed. In the pasture, 70 species were identified, with mollusks being the dominant group; whereas, in the control area, 69 species were identified, with annelids as the dominant group. Eight dominant species were found, including 3 mollusk species in the pasture and 6 species in the control area, comprising 2 mollusk species, 1 echinoderm species, and 3 annelid species. The average abundance and biomass of macrobenthic animals in the pasture were significantly higher than those in the control area. However, Margalef species richness index (d), Pielou evenness index (J'), and Shannon Wiener diversity index (H') values showed little difference between the pasture and the outside. The results of Cluster analysis (CLUSTER) and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis indicated that relatively low similarity among each station inside and outside the marine ranch. The AMBI and m-AMBI analyses revealed that the overall pollution disturbance in the studied water area was relatively small, indicating good benthic ecological health. Combined with historical data, the analysis revealed a significant increase in species abundance and biomass of macrobenthic communities in the surveyed area. These results suggest that the development of marine pastures has a certain degree of impact on the growth and development of macrobenthic communities.

, correspAuthors=Xuepeng Li, Baoquan Li, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Haiyang Xuebao, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Fan Yi, Jiao Wang, Hang Liu, Jing Chen, Linlin Chen, Xiaojing Li, Xuepeng Li, Baoquan Li), CN=ArticleExt(id=1200432926912541159, articleId=1200432924454678972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=烟台长岛秋季海洋牧场内外大型底栖动物群落特征分析, columnId=1149698756456657529, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为明确烟台长岛海洋牧场大型底栖动物群落组成及其分布特征,评估海洋牧场对大型底栖动物的影响,2022年10月在该海域牧场内外设置采样站位,开展大型底栖动物调查,并进行大型底栖动物群落特征分析。本航次共采集和鉴定了88种大型底栖动物,牧场内和对照区物种数量相近,但优势类群不同。在牧场内共鉴定出了70种,以软体动物为优势类群,对照区有69种,以环节动物为优势类群。共发现8种优势种,其中牧场内3种软体动物,对照区有6种,包括软体动物2种、棘皮动物1种和环节动物3种。大型底栖动物的平均丰度和生物量牧场内均显著高于对照区,但Margalef物种丰富度指数(dPielou均匀度指数(J')和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')在牧场内外相差较小。聚类分析(CLUSTER)和非度量多维标度排序分析(NMDS)结果表明,海洋牧场内外各站位相似性程度较低。AMBI和m-AMBI分析显示,研究海域总体受污染扰动较小,表明底栖生态健康较好。结合历史资料发现,调查区域大型底栖动物群落物种丰度和生物量均有较大增加,表明海洋牧场的发展对大型底栖动物群落的生长发育有一定程度的影响。

, correspAuthors=李学鹏, 李宝泉, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*李学鹏(1988—),男,副教授,主要从事水产动物疾病与免疫防控研究。E-mail:
李宝泉(1972—),男,研究员,主要从事海洋生物学研究。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《海洋学报》编辑部 2024, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=vJR8wk7ThMKxSAx5PnAx+w==, magXml=Er9lZtfhUr3mCjDl0FaMkg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=2hRopR+GQ4mFjibaBE8HAQ==, pdfFileSize=1101587, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=78gDxvYz4b8ZA4DPpkpqwA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=Ev/oMIhGmX1OdCdm2OOEcw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

衣帆(1998—),女,山东省烟台市人,从事海洋牧场及底栖生物生理生态研究。E-mail:

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衣帆(1998—),女,山东省烟台市人,从事海洋牧场及底栖生物生理生态研究。E-mail:

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The dominant species of macrobenthos community in the study area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
拉丁学名优势度
牧场内对照区
软体
动物
江户明樱蛤Moerella jedoensis0.022
宫田神角蛤Semelangulus miyatensis0.029
菲律宾蛤仔Ruditapes philippinarum0.038
胶州湾顶管角贝Episiphon kiaochowwanense0.0200.037
棘皮
动物
日本倍棘蛇尾Amphioplus japonicus0.049
环节
动物
寡节甘吻沙蚕Glycinde gurjanovae0.039
长吻沙蚕Glycera chirori0.025
不倒翁虫Sternaspis scutata0.020
), ArticleFig(id=1200760895023476986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200432924454678972, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究区域大型底栖动物群落优势种

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
拉丁学名优势度
牧场内对照区
软体
动物
江户明樱蛤Moerella jedoensis0.022
宫田神角蛤Semelangulus miyatensis0.029
菲律宾蛤仔Ruditapes philippinarum0.038
胶州湾顶管角贝Episiphon kiaochowwanense0.0200.037
棘皮
动物
日本倍棘蛇尾Amphioplus japonicus0.049
环节
动物
寡节甘吻沙蚕Glycinde gurjanovae0.039
长吻沙蚕Glycera chirori0.025
不倒翁虫Sternaspis scutata0.020
), ArticleFig(id=1200760895098974460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200432924454678972, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The regional abundance (ind./m2) and biomass (g/m2) of benthic macrofauna main groups

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类群指标牧场内对照区整体海域
环节动物丰度68 ± 3.8878 ± 4.3573 ± 2.03
生物量0.92 ± 1.950.80 ± 1.840.86 ± 1.86
软体动物丰度294 ± 56.1450 ± 2.61172 ± 23.67
生物量57.55 ± 204.482.63 ± 6.0830.09 ± 153.09
甲壳动物丰度23 ± 1.9027 ± 2.0925 ± 0.99
生物量0.73 ± 1.890.61 ± 0.770.67 ± 1.48
棘皮动物丰度16 ± 1.5522 ± 3.1419 ± 1.10
生物量3.65 ± 12.772.55 ± 2.943.10 ± 9.60
其他类群丰度2 ± 0.302 ± 0.312 ± 0.15
生物量0.26 ± 0.820.83 ± 2.740.55 ± 1.89
总计丰度403 ± 54.25179 ± 6.35291 ± 22.89
生物量63.11 ± 203.387.42 ± 7.7235.27 ± 152.39
), ArticleFig(id=1200760895182860543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200432924454678972, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

大型底栖动物主要类群丰度(ind./m2)和生物量(g/m2)的区域变化

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类群指标牧场内对照区整体海域
环节动物丰度68 ± 3.8878 ± 4.3573 ± 2.03
生物量0.92 ± 1.950.80 ± 1.840.86 ± 1.86
软体动物丰度294 ± 56.1450 ± 2.61172 ± 23.67
生物量57.55 ± 204.482.63 ± 6.0830.09 ± 153.09
甲壳动物丰度23 ± 1.9027 ± 2.0925 ± 0.99
生物量0.73 ± 1.890.61 ± 0.770.67 ± 1.48
棘皮动物丰度16 ± 1.5522 ± 3.1419 ± 1.10
生物量3.65 ± 12.772.55 ± 2.943.10 ± 9.60
其他类群丰度2 ± 0.302 ± 0.312 ± 0.15
生物量0.26 ± 0.820.83 ± 2.740.55 ± 1.89
总计丰度403 ± 54.25179 ± 6.35291 ± 22.89
生物量63.11 ± 203.387.42 ± 7.7235.27 ± 152.39
), ArticleFig(id=1200760895296106754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200432924454678972, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Analysis of intra group similarity of macrobenthos in marine ranch

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物种拉丁学名平均丰度平均相
似性/%
贡献
率/%
胶州湾顶管角贝Episiphon kiaochowwanense2.762.8611.94
寡节甘吻沙蚕Glycinde gurjanovae2.362.8611.92
江户明樱蛤Moerella jedoensis2.852.4510.21
宫田神角蛤Semelangulus miyatensis2.732.4010.00
长吻沙蚕Glycera chirori1.781.476.15
东方缝栖蛤Hiatella orientalia1.881.074.45
日本倍棘蛇尾Amphioplus japonicus1.911.004.17
耳口露齿螺Ringicula doliaris1.210.863.61
博氏双眼钩虾Ampelisca bocki1.780.863.57
不倒翁虫Sternaspis scutata1.790.853.53
中蚓虫Mediomastus sp.1.600.702.93
), ArticleFig(id=1200760895384187140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200432924454678972, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

牧场内大型底栖动物组内相似性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物种拉丁学名平均丰度平均相
似性/%
贡献
率/%
胶州湾顶管角贝Episiphon kiaochowwanense2.762.8611.94
寡节甘吻沙蚕Glycinde gurjanovae2.362.8611.92
江户明樱蛤Moerella jedoensis2.852.4510.21
宫田神角蛤Semelangulus miyatensis2.732.4010.00
长吻沙蚕Glycera chirori1.781.476.15
东方缝栖蛤Hiatella orientalia1.881.074.45
日本倍棘蛇尾Amphioplus japonicus1.911.004.17
耳口露齿螺Ringicula doliaris1.210.863.61
博氏双眼钩虾Ampelisca bocki1.780.863.57
不倒翁虫Sternaspis scutata1.790.853.53
中蚓虫Mediomastus sp.1.600.702.93
), ArticleFig(id=1200760895489044743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200432924454678972, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Analysis of inter group dissimilarity of macrobenthos inside and outside marine ranch

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物种拉丁学名平均丰度平均差
异性/%
贡献
率/%
牧场内对照区
菲律宾蛤仔Ruditapes philippinarum3.930.103.855.20
日本倍棘蛇尾Amphioplus japonicus1.912.763.424.63
宫田神角蛤Semelangulus miyatensis2.732.212.703.65
江户明樱蛤Moerella jedoensis2.851.192.503.38
中蚓虫Mediomastus sp.1.601.572.273.07
不倒翁虫Sternaspis scutata1.792.112.152.91
胶州湾顶管角贝Episiphon kiaochowwanense2.762.432.132.89
博氏双眼钩虾Ampelisca bocki1.781.682.122.87
长吻沙蚕Glycera chirori1.782.061.992.70
寡节甘吻沙蚕Glycinde gurjanovae2.362.561.902.57
东方缝栖蛤Hiatella orientalia1.880.411.772.40
日本拟背尾水虱Paranthura japonica1.261.321.772.39
长叶索沙蚕Lumbrineris longiforlia1.351.151.762.38
耳口露齿螺Ringicula doliaris1.211.711.672.26
日本刺沙蚕Neanthes japonica0.860.811.592.16
), ArticleFig(id=1200760896621506826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200432924454678972, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

牧场内外大型底栖动物组间差异性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物种拉丁学名平均丰度平均差
异性/%
贡献
率/%
牧场内对照区
菲律宾蛤仔Ruditapes philippinarum3.930.103.855.20
日本倍棘蛇尾Amphioplus japonicus1.912.763.424.63
宫田神角蛤Semelangulus miyatensis2.732.212.703.65
江户明樱蛤Moerella jedoensis2.851.192.503.38
中蚓虫Mediomastus sp.1.601.572.273.07
不倒翁虫Sternaspis scutata1.792.112.152.91
胶州湾顶管角贝Episiphon kiaochowwanense2.762.432.132.89
博氏双眼钩虾Ampelisca bocki1.781.682.122.87
长吻沙蚕Glycera chirori1.782.061.992.70
寡节甘吻沙蚕Glycinde gurjanovae2.362.561.902.57
东方缝栖蛤Hiatella orientalia1.880.411.772.40
日本拟背尾水虱Paranthura japonica1.261.321.772.39
长叶索沙蚕Lumbrineris longiforlia1.351.151.762.38
耳口露齿螺Ringicula doliaris1.211.711.672.26
日本刺沙蚕Neanthes japonica0.860.811.592.16
), ArticleFig(id=1200760898601218317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200432924454678972, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Analysis of intra group similarity of macrobenthos in control area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物种拉丁学名平均丰度平均相
似性/%
贡献
率/%
胶州湾顶管角贝Episiphon kiaochowwanense2.433.0211.63
寡节甘吻沙蚕Glycinde gurjanovae2.562.9411.33
不倒翁虫Sternaspis scutata2.112.6710.26
宫田神角蛤Semelangulus miyatensis2.212.007.70
日本倍棘蛇尾Amphioplus japonicus2.761.837.03
耳口露齿螺Ringicula doliaris1.711.706.54
长吻沙蚕Glycera chirori2.061.535.87
日本游泳水虱Natatolana japonensis1.301.284.92
博氏双眼钩虾Ampelisca bocki1.680.903.46
江户明樱蛤Moerella jedoensis1.190.542.07
), ArticleFig(id=1200760898706075919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200432924454678972, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

对照区大型底栖动物组内相似性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物种拉丁学名平均丰度平均相
似性/%
贡献
率/%
胶州湾顶管角贝Episiphon kiaochowwanense2.433.0211.63
寡节甘吻沙蚕Glycinde gurjanovae2.562.9411.33
不倒翁虫Sternaspis scutata2.112.6710.26
宫田神角蛤Semelangulus miyatensis2.212.007.70
日本倍棘蛇尾Amphioplus japonicus2.761.837.03
耳口露齿螺Ringicula doliaris1.711.706.54
长吻沙蚕Glycera chirori2.061.535.87
日本游泳水虱Natatolana japonensis1.301.284.92
博氏双眼钩虾Ampelisca bocki1.680.903.46
江户明樱蛤Moerella jedoensis1.190.542.07
), ArticleFig(id=1200760898806739217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200432924454678972, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Results of AMBI and m-AMBI for each station in the study area

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区域站位物种数在各生态分组中的百分比/%未鉴定物种
比例/%
AMBI值扰动程度m-AMBI值健康状态
牧场内M125.016.750.08.30.00.02.125轻度0.59
M264.012.016.08.00.00.01.020未扰动0.74
M371.425.03.60.00.00.00.482未扰动0.77
M414.371.414.30.00.00.01.500轻度0.58
M558.838.20.02.90.05.60.706未扰动0.83
M658.123.318.60.00.00.00.907未扰动0.81
M743.542.014.50.00.00.01.065未扰动0.82
M831.356.312.50.00.00.01.219轻度0.76
M957.522.517.52.50.00.00.975未扰动0.82
M1037.550.012.50.00.00.01.125未扰动0.73
M1135.344.120.60.00.00.01.279轻度0.80
M120.00.01000.00.00.03.000轻度0.23
M1359.629.810.50.00.00.00.763未扰动0.94
M1447.128.224.70.00.01.21.165未扰动0.95
对照区C113.373.313.30.00.00.01.500轻度0.79
C261.721.317.00.00.02.10.830未扰动0.87
C333.339.627.10.00.00.01.406轻度0.87
C444.844.810.30.00.00.00.983未扰动0.77
C550.027.318.24.50.00.01.159未扰动0.69
C632.335.525.86.50.06.11.597轻度0.85
C757.138.14.80.00.00.00.714未扰动0.64
C82.560.032.55.00.00.02.100轻度0.49中等
C935.742.921.40.00.00.01.286轻度0.69
C1028.632.139.30.00.03.41.661轻度0.88
C1138.846.912.22.00.00.01.163未扰动0.82
), ArticleFig(id=1200760898907402515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200432924454678972, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

研究区域各站点AMBI和m-AMBI结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区域站位物种数在各生态分组中的百分比/%未鉴定物种
比例/%
AMBI值扰动程度m-AMBI值健康状态
牧场内M125.016.750.08.30.00.02.125轻度0.59
M264.012.016.08.00.00.01.020未扰动0.74
M371.425.03.60.00.00.00.482未扰动0.77
M414.371.414.30.00.00.01.500轻度0.58
M558.838.20.02.90.05.60.706未扰动0.83
M658.123.318.60.00.00.00.907未扰动0.81
M743.542.014.50.00.00.01.065未扰动0.82
M831.356.312.50.00.00.01.219轻度0.76
M957.522.517.52.50.00.00.975未扰动0.82
M1037.550.012.50.00.00.01.125未扰动0.73
M1135.344.120.60.00.00.01.279轻度0.80
M120.00.01000.00.00.03.000轻度0.23
M1359.629.810.50.00.00.00.763未扰动0.94
M1447.128.224.70.00.01.21.165未扰动0.95
对照区C113.373.313.30.00.00.01.500轻度0.79
C261.721.317.00.00.02.10.830未扰动0.87
C333.339.627.10.00.00.01.406轻度0.87
C444.844.810.30.00.00.00.983未扰动0.77
C550.027.318.24.50.00.01.159未扰动0.69
C632.335.525.86.50.06.11.597轻度0.85
C757.138.14.80.00.00.00.714未扰动0.64
C82.560.032.55.00.00.02.100轻度0.49中等
C935.742.921.40.00.00.01.286轻度0.69
C1028.632.139.30.00.03.41.661轻度0.88
C1138.846.912.22.00.00.01.163未扰动0.82
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烟台长岛秋季海洋牧场内外大型底栖动物群落特征分析
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衣帆 1, 2 , 王娇 2 , 刘航 1, 2 , 陈静 2 , 陈琳琳 2 , 李晓静 3 , 李学鹏 1, * , 李宝泉 2, *
海洋学报 | 论文 2024,46(5): 57-67
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海洋学报 | 论文 2024, 46(5): 57-67
烟台长岛秋季海洋牧场内外大型底栖动物群落特征分析
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衣帆1, 2 , 王娇2, 刘航1, 2, 陈静2, 陈琳琳2, 李晓静3, 李学鹏1, * , 李宝泉2, *
作者信息
  • 1.烟台大学 海洋学院,山东 烟台 264003
  • 2.中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所,山东 烟台 264003
  • 3.烟台职业学院,山东 烟台 264670
  • 衣帆(1998—),女,山东省烟台市人,从事海洋牧场及底栖生物生理生态研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*李学鹏(1988—),男,副教授,主要从事水产动物疾病与免疫防控研究。E-mail:
李宝泉(1972—),男,研究员,主要从事海洋生物学研究。E-mail:
Analysis on the characteristics of macrobenthic animal communities inside and outside the autumn marine ranch on Yantai Changdao Island
Fan Yi1, 2 , Jiao Wang2, Hang Liu1, 2, Jing Chen2, Linlin Chen2, Xiaojing Li3, Xuepeng Li1, * , Baoquan Li2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai 264003, China
  • 2. Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
  • 3. Yantai Vocational College, Yantai 264670, China
出版时间: 2024-05-31 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2024056
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为明确烟台长岛海洋牧场大型底栖动物群落组成及其分布特征,评估海洋牧场对大型底栖动物的影响,2022年10月在该海域牧场内外设置采样站位,开展大型底栖动物调查,并进行大型底栖动物群落特征分析。本航次共采集和鉴定了88种大型底栖动物,牧场内和对照区物种数量相近,但优势类群不同。在牧场内共鉴定出了70种,以软体动物为优势类群,对照区有69种,以环节动物为优势类群。共发现8种优势种,其中牧场内3种软体动物,对照区有6种,包括软体动物2种、棘皮动物1种和环节动物3种。大型底栖动物的平均丰度和生物量牧场内均显著高于对照区,但Margalef物种丰富度指数(dPielou均匀度指数(J')和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')在牧场内外相差较小。聚类分析(CLUSTER)和非度量多维标度排序分析(NMDS)结果表明,海洋牧场内外各站位相似性程度较低。AMBI和m-AMBI分析显示,研究海域总体受污染扰动较小,表明底栖生态健康较好。结合历史资料发现,调查区域大型底栖动物群落物种丰度和生物量均有较大增加,表明海洋牧场的发展对大型底栖动物群落的生长发育有一定程度的影响。

烟台长岛  /  海洋牧场  /  大型底栖动物  /  群落特征

To clarify the composition and distribution characteristics of macrobenthic communities in Yantai Changdao Island marine ranch and evaluate the impact of marine ranching on these macrobenthos, sampling stations were set up inside and outside the marine ranch in October 2022. Surveys of macrobenthic animals and the characteristics of macrobenthic communities were analyzed. A total of 88 species of macrobenthic animals were collected and identified during this voyage. Although the number of species in the pasture and control area was similar, the dominant groups differed. In the pasture, 70 species were identified, with mollusks being the dominant group; whereas, in the control area, 69 species were identified, with annelids as the dominant group. Eight dominant species were found, including 3 mollusk species in the pasture and 6 species in the control area, comprising 2 mollusk species, 1 echinoderm species, and 3 annelid species. The average abundance and biomass of macrobenthic animals in the pasture were significantly higher than those in the control area. However, Margalef species richness index (d), Pielou evenness index (J'), and Shannon Wiener diversity index (H') values showed little difference between the pasture and the outside. The results of Cluster analysis (CLUSTER) and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis indicated that relatively low similarity among each station inside and outside the marine ranch. The AMBI and m-AMBI analyses revealed that the overall pollution disturbance in the studied water area was relatively small, indicating good benthic ecological health. Combined with historical data, the analysis revealed a significant increase in species abundance and biomass of macrobenthic communities in the surveyed area. These results suggest that the development of marine pastures has a certain degree of impact on the growth and development of macrobenthic communities.

Yantai Changdao Island  /  marine ranches  /  macrobenthos  /  community characteristics
衣帆, 王娇, 刘航, 陈静, 陈琳琳, 李晓静, 李学鹏, 李宝泉. 烟台长岛秋季海洋牧场内外大型底栖动物群落特征分析. 海洋学报, 2024 , 46 (5) : 57 -67 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2024056
Fan Yi, Jiao Wang, Hang Liu, Jing Chen, Linlin Chen, Xiaojing Li, Xuepeng Li, Baoquan Li. Analysis on the characteristics of macrobenthic animal communities inside and outside the autumn marine ranch on Yantai Changdao Island[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2024 , 46 (5) : 57 -67 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2024056
海洋牧场是应用海洋生态学原理和现代海洋工程技术,在特定海域充分利用自然生态系统的生产力,科学地培育和管理渔业资源的人工渔场[1]。这种模式代表了一种融合环境保护、资源养护、高效生产和休闲渔业的综合海洋产业新模式,对于我国近海生态环境的保护和海洋渔业的可持续发展至关重要,具有重要战略意义[12]。作为一种修复海洋渔业资源,改善海域生态环境,优化渔业产业结构,以实现渔业资源可持续发展的渔业生产模式,海洋牧场对改善区域性海洋生物资源具有非常重要的作用[2]。1965年,曾呈奎先生首次提出建设海洋牧场的理念,这是一种在海洋中人工控制种植或养殖海洋生物的方法。日本于1978年启动了世界上第一个海洋牧场项目,即“黑潮牧场”[34]。韩国于1971年开始在沿海投放人工鱼礁,并于1988年正式启动了海洋牧场计划,此后,海洋牧场在世界范围内得以快速推广,极大地促进了海洋渔业的可持续发展和海洋环境的保护[45]。进入21世纪以后,我国海洋牧场理念得到进一步完善,更注重区域内海洋生态系统的健康,逐渐形成了“现代化海洋牧场”的理念[67]
海洋牧场的主要养护对象为经济种鱼类和贝类等,国内专家学者对海洋牧场的生态效益进行研究,研究表明海洋牧场建设能够养护渔业资源[8]、保护海洋生态环境[9],并且能够改变大型底栖动物的组成和群落结构[1012],有助于海洋生物资源的可持续利用。由于大型底栖动物生活周期长、种类丰富、固着生活且迁移能力较低,对环境变化逃避能力弱,对水环境变化灵敏度高[1315],许多学者通过研究大型底栖动物结构变化特征来阐明海域生态环境变化[1617],因此是评价海洋牧场建设对渔业资源修复效果的优选方法。
长岛列岛位于渤海和黄海交汇处,由32个岛屿组成,陆地面积为56 km2,海岸线长146 km,周围海域面积达8 700 km2 [18]。该海域海洋环境优越,初级生产力较高,拥有丰富的生物资源,是多种经济海洋动物的产卵场、索饵场[18]。该海域水深、流急等水动力条件和丰富的生物资源为海洋牧场建设提供了理想条件,尤其适宜装备型海洋牧场建设[19]。同时,地方政府政策支持和已有的技术基础进一步增强了建设海洋牧场的可行性[20]。截至2018年,长岛累计共有海洋牧场84处,总面积164 km2,拥有3处国家级海洋牧场,6处省级以上海洋牧场[18]。由于海洋牧场投放海域地理位置及投放目标等不同,导致其对不同生物群落结构影响有所不同,不同海域生物群落的变化趋势各有特点[21]。近十年来,长岛海域海洋牧场陆续建设并且不断发展,海洋牧场对长岛的海域环境、生物群落等的影响评价也受到人们的重视[18]。大型底栖动物群落作为评价其生态效益的重要指标,未见长岛海洋牧场对其群落结构影响的相关报道。
本研究利用2022年秋季在烟台长岛海域进行的大型底栖动物调查数据,分析了该区域秋季大型底栖动物群落组成和分布特征,探究海洋牧场内外的物种组成及群落结构差异,以评估海洋牧场建设对大型底栖动物群落的影响,为海洋牧场的发展及其生态效益评价提供了重要的基础资料。
数据来源于2022年10月在烟台长岛海域进行的大型底栖动物采样调查。依据《海洋牧场本底调查技术规范》(T/SCSF 0013−2021)[22],结合烟台长岛海域海洋牧场现有布局,对研究区域进行了采样站位布设,布设原则是兼顾牧场内、牧场近边缘处及稍远处(对照区),共设置25个采样站位。其中包括14个牧场内采样点(M1−M14)和11个对照区采样点(C1−C11)(图1)。每个站位采用0.05 m2箱式采泥器定量采泥,每个站位采样3次,使用0.5 mm孔径的网筛分选,用75%的乙醇现场固定,样品带回实验室进行处理鉴定。
在实验室内对酒精固定的样品进行种类鉴定、个体计数和称重(湿重,0.001 g精度电子秤)。肢体残缺的样品按头部计数,软体动物和甲壳动物的死壳不计数、不称重,双壳纲动物不去贝壳称重,寄居蟹去螺壳称重。样品的处理、保存和称量均按照《海洋调查规范 第6部分:海洋生物调查》(GB/T 12763.6−2007) [23]进行。
根据Pinkas相对重要性指数确定调查季度大型底栖动物物种优势度。优势度计算公式如下[24]
$ Y=\left(\mathrm{\mathit{n}}_i/N\right)\times f_i\text{,} $
式中,ni为调查季度第i种大型底栖动物的丰度;Ν为调查季度大型底栖动物总丰度;fi为在调查季度中该物种的站位出现频率。当 ≥ 0.02时,该物种为优势种[24]
采用Margalef物种丰富度指数(d[25]、Pielou均匀度指数(J'[26]和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H'[27]来描述长岛海洋牧场大型底栖动物群落生物多样性特征。计算公式如下:
$ d=(S-1)/\mathrm{log_2}N\text{,} $
$ H'=-\sum P_i\mathrm{log_2}\left(P_i\right)\text{,} $
$ J'=H'/\mathrm{log_2}S\text{,} $
式中,S表示样品中的种数;N表示样品中的个体总数;Pi为第i种的个体数与总个体数N的比例。
计算物种相似性时,为了消除不同物种个数差异较大的影响,数据需经平方根转换后计算Bray-Curtis相似性系数[28],并采用聚类分析(CLUSTER)和非度量多维标度排序分析(NMDS)探究群落结构的异质性。通过相似性百分比(SIMPER)方法计算分析不同物种对组内相似性以及组间差异性的平均贡献率,使用生物统计软件PRIMER 7.0进行群落结构的分析[29]
底栖生物指数是将生态系统中的各种元素综合成单一数值的方法,以全面展示生态系统的生物完整性状况,描述各种生态信息与综合压力对环境的影响,评估生态环境质量的现状[29]。使用azti’s marinebiotic index(AMBI)和 multivariate-AMBI(m-AMBI)方法分析大型底栖动物群落受干扰状况[30]。AMBI和m-AMBI值均用AMBI v5.0软件进行计算,去除非大型底栖无脊椎动物和个体数低于3个的种类,其余物种的生态分组按照AZTI中心网站(http://www. azti. es)公布的最新种类名录数据进行,对于未包含的物种均归为“未分组类(not assigned)”。在各生态分组中,EG I表示干扰敏感种(disturbance-sensitive species),EG Ⅱ表示干扰不敏感种(disturbance-indifferent species),EG Ⅲ表示干扰耐受种(disturbance-tolerant species),EG Ⅳ表示二阶机会种(the second-order opportunistic species),EG Ⅴ表示一阶机会种(the first-order opportunistic species)。
大型底栖动物丰度和生物量及生物多样性指数的区域性差异和群落结构的区域性差异比较均采用单因素方差分析(One-way ANOVA)进行。统计分析中显著性水平p < 0.01时,认为差异极显著;p < 0.05时,认为差异显著;p > 0.05时,认为无显著差异。
调查共捕获大型底栖动物88种,牧场内物种数(70种)与对照区(69种)相差不大,共有种51种。牧场内软体动物种类最多,为27种,占总种数的38.57%;其次是环节动物26种,占总种数的37.14%;甲壳动物8种,占总种数的11.43%;棘皮动物相对较少,仅6种,占总种数的8.57%。对照区环节动物31种,占总种数的44.93%;软体动物18种,占总种数的26.09%;甲壳动物12种,占总种数的17.39%;棘皮动物在该区域种类数仍较少,仅5种,占总种数的7.25%(图2)。
牧场内软体动物为优势类群,其次是环节动物。对照区环节动物多毛类为优势类群,其次是软体动物,且对照区优势类群环节动物物种数高于牧场内,但软体动物物种数较牧场内有所减少。
软体动物和环节动物在秋季大型底栖动物调查种占有优势,分别包含4种和3种优势物种。海洋牧场内外优势种物种组成差异明显(表1),牧场内优势种3种,均为软体动物,菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)优势度最大, 为0.038,胶州湾顶管角贝(Episiphon kiaochowwanense)优势度最小, 为0.020;对照区优势种6种,不仅有软体动物,还包括棘皮动物和环节动物,其中环节动物占比最大50.00%,日本倍棘蛇尾(Amphioplus japonicus)优势度最大, 为0.049,不倒翁虫(Sternaspis scutata)优势度最小, 为0.020。牧场内外共有优势种1种,为胶州湾顶管角贝。
海洋牧场内不同类型大型底栖动物丰度相差较大,平均丰度为(403 ± 54.25)ind./m2。其中软体动物最高,丰度为(294 ± 56.14)ind./m2,占总平均丰度的72.95%;其次是环节动物,丰度为(68 ± 3.88)ind./m2,占总平均丰度的16.87%,棘皮动物丰度最低,为(16 ± 1.55)ind./m2(3.97%)。对照区大型底栖动物平均丰度为(179 ± 6.35)ind./m2。其中环节动物丰度最高,为(78 ± 4.35)ind./m2,占总平均丰度的43.58%;软体动物丰度为(50 ± 2.61)ind./m2(27.93%);甲壳动物和棘皮动物丰度相近,分别为(27 ± 2.09)ind./m2、(22 ± 3.14)ind./m2,分别占比15.08%、12.29%。整体海域总体平均丰度为(291 ± 22.89)ind./m2,牧场内软体动物平均丰度显著高于整体海域(p < 0.05)(表2)。
秋季海洋牧场内大型底栖动物平均生物量为(63.11 ± 203.38)g/m2。其中软体动物最高,为(57.55 ± 204.48)g/m2,占总平均生物量的91.20%;其次是棘皮动物,生物量为(3.65 ± 12.77)g/m2(5.78%);甲壳动物生物量仅为(0.73 ± 1.89)g/m2(1.16%)。对照区大型底栖动物平均生物量为(7.42 ± 7.72)g/m2。其中软体动物最高,为(2.63 ± 6.08)g/m2,占总平均生物量的35.44%;其次是棘皮动物,生物量为(2.55 ± 2.94)g/m2(34.37%);环节动物和甲壳动物生物量分别为(0.80 ± 1.84)g/m2、(0.61 ± 0.77)g/m2,占比分别为10.78%、8.22%。整体海域总体平均生物量为(35.27 ± 152.39)g/m2,与丰度结果一致,牧场内软体动物平均生物量显著高于整体海域(p < 0.05)(表2)。
本次调查中,大型底栖动物物种丰度总体表现为牧场内优于对照区。牧场内外各主要类群对平均丰度的贡献不同,牧场内软体动物占比最高,对照区则是环节动物占比最高。此外,生物量变化趋势与丰度一致,总体表现为牧场内优于对照区。牧场内外均为软体动物占比最高,但牧场内生物量明显高于牧场内(p < 0.05)。
物种丰富度指数d总体表现为对照区大于牧场内,但相差较小,对照区d为2.96 ± 1.04,牧场内d为2.93 ± 0.78。物种均匀度指数J'总体表现为对照区和牧场内一致,对照区J' 为0.90 ± 0.08,牧场内J' 为0.90 ± 0.05。大型底栖动物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H'总体表现为牧场内高于对照区,但相差依然较小,牧场内H'为3.59 ± 0.50,对照区H'为3.55 ± 0.72(图3)。调查海域大型底栖动物多样性指数d、J' 、H'区域间差异均不显著(p > 0.05)。
该部分将海洋牧场内和对照区的数据整合在一起,利用聚类分析(CLUSTER)和非参数性多维标度排序(NMDS)分析探究该海域大型底栖动物群落结构特征。研究结果表明,CLUSTER聚类显示秋季可划分为2个站组,两组的平均相似性为20.54%,CLUSTER聚类显示,各站位相似性较低。相似性程度超过50.00%的只有I组2站,为M13和M14。非参数性多维标度排序与CLUSTER聚类结果一致,除M12号站位与其他站位完全分开,牧场内外其他站位未形成明显的群落划分(图4图5)。群落I主要为菲律宾蛤仔群落,为M12号站位;其他站位属于群落II,为胶州湾顶管角贝—寡节甘吻沙蚕群落(表3表5)。
对牧场内和对照区进行SIMPER分析,结果表明牧场内组内相似性为23.99%,对照区组内相似性为25.99%。牧场内外均为胶州湾顶管角贝和寡节甘吻沙蚕的物种贡献率最高。牧场内主要表征种为胶州湾顶管角贝、寡节甘吻沙蚕、江户明樱蛤(Moerella jedoensis)和宫田神角蛤(Semelangulus miyatensis),四者贡献率共为44.07%(表3)。对照区主要表征种为胶州湾顶管角贝、寡节甘吻沙蚕、不倒翁虫和宫田神角蛤,四者贡献率共为40.92%(表4)。牧场内外的组间差异性为73.93%,差异性最高的物种为菲律宾蛤仔(表5)。
秋季长岛海洋牧场全部站位的AMBI评价结果在可接受范围内具有可信度。牧场内9个站位AMBI指数小于1.20,未受干扰64.29%,5个站位AMBI指数在1.20~3.30之间,受到轻微干扰35.71%。对照区5个站位AMBI指数小于1.20,未受干扰45.45%,6个站位AMBI指数在1.20~3.30之间,受到轻微干扰54.55%(表6)。
m-AMBI的评价结果, 即健康状态显示,牧场内7个站位处于“高”状态(50.00%),6个站位处于“良好”状态(42.86%),1个站位处于“差”状态(7.14%)。对照区6个站位健康状态处于“高”状态(54.55%),4个站位处于“良好”状态(36.36%),1个站位处于“中等”状态(9.09%)(表6)。
本研究沿长岛海域由南到北设置采样点,基本覆盖长岛所处海域海洋牧场全部范围,较为全面地对长岛海域海洋牧场大型底栖动物群落进行了调查。调查表明,牧场内外优势物种类别和占比发生明显变化。牧场内的丰度和生物量均呈现软体动物占比最高的特点,且牧场内大型底栖动物丰度和生物量总体表现均高于对照区。CLUSTER聚类和NMDS排序分析结果表明各站位相似性相差较大,海洋牧场内外并未形成明显的分类群,但近岸站位M12号站位与其他站位相差明显。
牧场内软体动物占比最高,且生物量明显高于对照区,这是由于近年来长岛进行海洋牧场建设,生物资源多样性得到一定程度的保护[31],牧场内生态效益有所提高。此外,由于大多数的多毛类生活史较短,在秋冬季其个体数量下降,而软体动物等大个体类群在秋季逐渐发育成熟,表现为生物量明显增多[3233]。物种组成和优势种在一定程度上反映长岛海域软体动物具有突出优势,这与烟台周边海域的调查结果类似[3438]
由于南长山岛东南部近岸区进行经济种的育苗养殖,M12号站位出现数量丰富的菲律宾蛤仔,使得丰度和生物量较其他站位有明显提升,CLUSTER聚类分析和NMDS排序分析与其他站位有明显区分。除M12号站位外,其他站位共同属于胶州湾顶管角贝—寡节甘吻沙蚕群落,牧场内外其他站位未形成明显的群落划分。SIMPER分析结果表明牧场内外均为胶州湾顶管角贝和寡节甘吻沙蚕的物种贡献率最高,牧场内外的组内相似性较低,组间差异性较大,群落划分不明显。
通过与往年的物种组成进行比较,可以在一定程度上了解该海域大型底栖动物群落的趋势。相关报道指出,海洋牧场建设对周围海域的生态环境和生物群落等都会产生一定程度的影响[18]。与长岛海域历史资料相对比研究表明[18,31],海洋牧场的兴建与发展对栖息生境及大型底栖动物群落结构与多样性都有显著影响,海洋牧场的建设和发展极大地改变了烟台长岛海域的大型底栖动物的物种组成和群落结构。
物种组成层面,我们根据该海域以往的调查区域,对本次调查中相应区域的站位物种信息进行筛选,以比较两次调查的物种组成差异。与2012−2013年海洋牧场建设前相比,本次调查小型的环节动物占比明显减少,软体动物和甲壳动物占比增加,群落稳定性增加。此外,优势种组成发生了很大程度的变化,由建设前均为环节动物变为软体动物、环节动物和棘皮动物,由单一种类变为更丰富种类[18]。这表明海洋牧场建设对长岛海域的大型底栖动物产生了较大的影响,底栖生态有一定程度的改善,群落组成已经发生明显变化。生物量较牧场建设前有大幅度提升,建设前环节动物为生物量优势类群,海洋牧场建设后软体动物为主要优势类群。这可能与海洋牧场建设后人工养殖面积不断扩大和养殖业的迅猛发展有关[31]。近年来随着海洋牧场的发展,在长岛周边沿岸设有大面积的贝类养殖区,海洋生物资源多样性得到一定程度的保护和恢复[39],海洋牧场建设促进大型底栖动物群落的生长发育及群落多样性的提高。与海洋牧场建设前相比,物种丰富度指数变化显著,牧场建设使得长岛海域底栖生物的物种丰富度得到了大幅度提升[40]。这表明海洋牧场的建设改变了周围部分海域的生态环境,开始逐渐影响周围海域的生物群落组成[41]
通过进行Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H'和AMBI和m-AMBI分析,长岛整体海域生态健康状况良好,各站位大型底栖动物群落所受到的扰动程度不尽相同,个别站位受到的扰动较大。牧场内H'值略高于对照区。按照多样性指数五级污染评价法[18, 42],本次调查牧场内外H'值均大于3,说明秋季长岛海域整体未受污染,整体海洋环境较好。牧场内M12站位和其他站位区分明显,此站位是靠近南长山岛的东部近岸区,其物种组成单一,人类活动干扰频繁,城镇农业及生活污水排海以及渔业、旅游业的发展可能造成此站位海洋环境收到扰动[4344]
海洋牧场的建设改变了大型底栖生物的生态环境,使得大型底栖生物群落出现一定的扰动,但是在建设后扰动消失,群落系统拥有一定的自我调节和恢复能力[4547],在人工鱼礁投放、大型藻类移植、鱼苗放流结束后一段时间,牧场内的大型底栖动物会有所增加,并恢复到一个新的稳定状态,从而达到改善底栖生物环境的效果[4748]
长岛海洋牧场的建设改变了周围海域大型底栖动物群落的组成和分布特征。海洋牧场建设后,长岛海域大型底栖动物生物量明显提升且牧场内软体动物为主要优势类群,且丰度和生物量较对照区明显增多,有助于提高经济型贝类的产量,从而增加当地经济收入,生态健康状况也表现为牧场内优于对照区。海洋牧场的兴建和发展能够促进大型底栖动物群落的生长发育及群落多样性的提高,有助于改善海洋生态环境问题,对于长岛乃至渤海海域的生态治理具有重要意义。
  • 烟台市海洋牧场本底调查及海洋牧场效果评价项目(SDGP370600000202202000671A001)
  • 长岛海域海洋牧场和增殖放流效果评价及生态渔业适宜性分析(民生公益类)项目(2022MSGY064)
  • 山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2021QD158)
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2024年第46卷第5期
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doi: 10.12284/hyxb2024056
  • 接收时间:2023-11-20
  • 首发时间:2025-11-26
  • 出版时间:2024-05-31
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-20
  • 修回日期:2024-01-10
基金
烟台市海洋牧场本底调查及海洋牧场效果评价项目(SDGP370600000202202000671A001)
长岛海域海洋牧场和增殖放流效果评价及生态渔业适宜性分析(民生公益类)项目(2022MSGY064)
山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2021QD158)
作者信息
    1.烟台大学 海洋学院,山东 烟台 264003
    2.中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所,山东 烟台 264003
    3.烟台职业学院,山东 烟台 264670

通讯作者:

*李学鹏(1988—),男,副教授,主要从事水产动物疾病与免疫防控研究。E-mail:
李宝泉(1972—),男,研究员,主要从事海洋生物学研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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