Article(id=1200024648256684928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1200024643240292843, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12284/hyxb2024012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1689091200000, receivedDateStr=2023-07-12, revisedDate=1696780800000, revisedDateStr=2023-10-09, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764037771524, onlineDateStr=2025-11-25, pubDate=1706630400000, pubDateStr=2024-01-31, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764037771524, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764037771524, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764037771524, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1200024643240292843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2024', volume='46', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='130', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=0, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764037770328, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764056122067, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200101616062923672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1200024643240292843, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200101616062923673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1200024643240292843, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=77, endPage=87, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200024649137488782, articleId=1200024648256684928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Comparison of the pyloric caecum microbiota community structure between the wild and farmed Larimichthys crocea in Sansha Bay, columnId=null, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The semienclosed pyloric caecum of Larimichthys crocea is an ideal organ to perform the host source tracking, as it containes several local bacteria colonized during early development. The alpha diversity, relative abundance of core bacteria and network relationship of the pyloric caecum microbiota in L. crocea from Sansha Bay were analyzed using the Illumina high-throughput sequencing. Furthermore, the random forest model was used to predict the population source (the wild population or the farmed population). The results showed that the farmed fish had more unique OUT and higher alpha diversity than the wild one. The wild and farmed fish significantly differed in the relative abundance of dominant bacteria (Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria) (p < 0.05). The result of network analysis showed that the wild fish had higher ratio of negative to positive edges and modularity, but fewer nodes and edges than the farmed fish. Furthermore, a random forest classification prediction model with the accuracy of 92.31%, the Kappa coefficient of 0.8452, and an area under the ROC curve of 0.952 4 was constructed. Using this prediction model, the accuracy of source identification for the wild and farmed fish was 91.67% and 92.86%, respectively. Overall, the structure of microbial communities in the pyloric caecum of L. crocea was different between the wild and farmed populations, making it a potential marker for host source tracking. Our findings provide new insights into distinguishing wild and farmed L. crocea.

, correspAuthors=Feifei Pan, Jingli Mu, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Haiyang Xuebao, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yuting Zhang, Ruirui Zhang, Feifei Pan, Youhao Pan, Cong Li, Hua Lin, Shixi Chen, Jingli Mu), CN=ArticleExt(id=1200024651024925672, articleId=1200024648256684928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=三沙湾大黄鱼野生和养殖群体的幽门盲囊微生物群落结构比较分析, columnId=1149698756456657529, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)幽门盲囊呈半封闭结构,保留了部分早期孵化阶段的微生物特征,是用于野生和养殖群体溯源的理想部位。本研究采用高通量测序技术,对三沙湾大黄鱼野生和养殖群体的幽门盲囊微生物的α多样性、核心菌群相对丰度、网络关系等进行分析,构建随机森林模型进行群体溯源分析。结果显示,养殖群体的幽门盲囊微生物有着更多特有操作分类单元(Operational Taxonomic Unit, OTU),其α多样性显著高于野生群体。幽门盲囊微生物的优势菌群有变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)及酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria),且各菌群在野生和养殖群体中的相对丰度差异显著。微生物网络分析结果显示,野生和养殖群体的幽门盲囊微生物群落结构差异明显,野生群体拥有更高的负边缘/正边缘比率和模块性以及更少的节点数和连接数。基于此,我们构建了随机森林分类群体溯源预测模型,其准确率(Accuracy, ACC)达92.31%,Kappa系数为0.845 2,ROC曲线下面积为0.952 4,利用此模型识别三沙湾大黄鱼野生和养殖群体的准确率分别可达91.67%和92.86%。综上所述,三沙湾大黄鱼野生和养殖群体的幽门盲囊微生物群落结构差异显著,利用幽门盲囊微生物追踪鱼类来源的方法是可行且有效的,研究结果为区分三沙湾大黄鱼野生和养殖群体提供了新思路。

, correspAuthors=潘非斐, 穆景利, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*潘非斐(1987—),女,工程师,主要从事渔业资源评估研究。E-mail:
穆景利(1979—),男,教授,主要从事海洋生态毒理学等研究。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《海洋学报》编辑部 2024, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=oftZsnR2Ym2N1PamcRQpNw==, magXml=J6B2dgPWozhW/uF6PQW0AQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=fCyhu8fRxCaPxyzVxJDYZw==, pdfFileSize=1982751, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=EDPu78zs4sqfRCc9KuPxTw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=E2/x13fIowQP8YJvnj5ldQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

张钰霆(1990—),男,福建省三明市人,副教授,主要从事海洋生物的生理生态学研究。E-mail:

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张钰霆(1990—),男,福建省三明市人,副教授,主要从事海洋生物的生理生态学研究。E-mail:

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张钰霆(1990—),男,福建省三明市人,副教授,主要从事海洋生物的生理生态学研究。E-mail:

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pyloric caecum microbiota of the wild population (YS) and farmed population (YZ) of Larimichthys crocea in Sansha Bay, figureFileSmall=YxG0CtcCkOJOoZKjxN5erQ==, figureFileBig=szOF6m+hD8YZ5VPhZxZKQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200091113441817401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024648256684928, language=CN, label=图3, caption=三沙湾大黄鱼野生群体(YS)和养殖群体(YZ)幽门盲囊微生物的PCoA分析, figureFileSmall=YxG0CtcCkOJOoZKjxN5erQ==, figureFileBig=szOF6m+hD8YZ5VPhZxZKQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200091113546675004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024648256684928, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Relative abundance of the dominant bacterial phyla of the pyloric caecum microbiota in the wild population (YS) and farmed population (YZ) of Larimichthys crocea in Sansha Bay, figureFileSmall=F1SqVsmHUgjHBFe/EbjFtA==, figureFileBig=1ztIrNHUJUIayNg4DekH3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200091113668309821, 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ArticleFig(id=1200091115580912469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024648256684928, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Characteristic parameters of network diagram of the pyloric caecum microbiota of the wild population (YS) and farmed population (YZ) of Larimichthys crocea in Sansha Bay

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
网络图特征参数YSYZ
节点数163306
连接数1 56112 309
正连接数1 52512 125
负连接数36184
负/正连接数比0.0230.015
平均度5.42352.118
平均聚集系数0.4610.631
模块性0.6950.292
), ArticleFig(id=1200091115668992857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024648256684928, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

三沙湾大黄鱼野生群体(YS)和养殖群体(YZ)幽门盲囊微生物的网络图特征参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
网络图特征参数YSYZ
节点数163306
连接数1 56112 309
正连接数1 52512 125
负连接数36184
负/正连接数比0.0230.015
平均度5.42352.118
平均聚集系数0.4610.631
模块性0.6950.292
), ArticleFig(id=1200091115752878936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024648256684928, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The parameters of the random forest model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型参数数值
准确率92.31%
Kappa系数0.8452
敏感性92.86%
特异性91.67%
正预测值92.86%
负预测值91.67%
平衡精度92.26%
ROC 曲线下面积0.952 4
), ArticleFig(id=1200091115908068189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024648256684928, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

随机森林模型参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型参数数值
准确率92.31%
Kappa系数0.8452
敏感性92.86%
特异性91.67%
正预测值92.86%
负预测值91.67%
平衡精度92.26%
ROC 曲线下面积0.952 4
), ArticleFig(id=1200091116033897311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024648256684928, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Classification results of the test set using the random forest prediction model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
预测分类 实际分类 准确率/%
YS YZ
YS 11 1 91.67
YZ 1 13 92.86
), ArticleFig(id=1200091116134560610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024648256684928, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

测试集中随机森林预测模型分类结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
预测分类 实际分类 准确率/%
YS YZ
YS 11 1 91.67
YZ 1 13 92.86
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三沙湾大黄鱼野生和养殖群体的幽门盲囊微生物群落结构比较分析
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张钰霆 1 , 张瑞瑞 1 , 潘非斐 2, * , 潘友浩 2 , 李聪 2 , 林华 2 , 陈仕玺 3 , 穆景利 1, *
海洋学报 | 论文 2024,46(1): 77-87
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海洋学报 | 论文 2024, 46(1): 77-87
三沙湾大黄鱼野生和养殖群体的幽门盲囊微生物群落结构比较分析
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张钰霆1 , 张瑞瑞1, 潘非斐2, * , 潘友浩2, 李聪2, 林华2, 陈仕玺3, 穆景利1, *
作者信息
  • 1.闽江学院 地理与海洋学院,福建 福州 350108
  • 2.福建省渔业资源监测中心,福建 福州 350003
  • 3.厦门大学 海洋与地球学院,福建 厦门 361102
  • 张钰霆(1990—),男,福建省三明市人,副教授,主要从事海洋生物的生理生态学研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*潘非斐(1987—),女,工程师,主要从事渔业资源评估研究。E-mail:
穆景利(1979—),男,教授,主要从事海洋生态毒理学等研究。E-mail:
Comparison of the pyloric caecum microbiota community structure between the wild and farmed Larimichthys crocea in Sansha Bay
Yuting Zhang1 , Ruirui Zhang1, Feifei Pan2, * , Youhao Pan2, Cong Li2, Hua Lin2, Shixi Chen3, Jingli Mu1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
  • 2. Fujian Fisheries Resources Monitoring Center, Fuzhou 350003, China
  • 3. College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
出版时间: 2024-01-31 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2024012
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大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)幽门盲囊呈半封闭结构,保留了部分早期孵化阶段的微生物特征,是用于野生和养殖群体溯源的理想部位。本研究采用高通量测序技术,对三沙湾大黄鱼野生和养殖群体的幽门盲囊微生物的α多样性、核心菌群相对丰度、网络关系等进行分析,构建随机森林模型进行群体溯源分析。结果显示,养殖群体的幽门盲囊微生物有着更多特有操作分类单元(Operational Taxonomic Unit, OTU),其α多样性显著高于野生群体。幽门盲囊微生物的优势菌群有变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)及酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria),且各菌群在野生和养殖群体中的相对丰度差异显著。微生物网络分析结果显示,野生和养殖群体的幽门盲囊微生物群落结构差异明显,野生群体拥有更高的负边缘/正边缘比率和模块性以及更少的节点数和连接数。基于此,我们构建了随机森林分类群体溯源预测模型,其准确率(Accuracy, ACC)达92.31%,Kappa系数为0.845 2,ROC曲线下面积为0.952 4,利用此模型识别三沙湾大黄鱼野生和养殖群体的准确率分别可达91.67%和92.86%。综上所述,三沙湾大黄鱼野生和养殖群体的幽门盲囊微生物群落结构差异显著,利用幽门盲囊微生物追踪鱼类来源的方法是可行且有效的,研究结果为区分三沙湾大黄鱼野生和养殖群体提供了新思路。

大黄鱼  /  幽门盲囊微生物  /  高通量测序  /  随机森林模型  /  反向溯源

The semienclosed pyloric caecum of Larimichthys crocea is an ideal organ to perform the host source tracking, as it containes several local bacteria colonized during early development. The alpha diversity, relative abundance of core bacteria and network relationship of the pyloric caecum microbiota in L. crocea from Sansha Bay were analyzed using the Illumina high-throughput sequencing. Furthermore, the random forest model was used to predict the population source (the wild population or the farmed population). The results showed that the farmed fish had more unique OUT and higher alpha diversity than the wild one. The wild and farmed fish significantly differed in the relative abundance of dominant bacteria (Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria) (p < 0.05). The result of network analysis showed that the wild fish had higher ratio of negative to positive edges and modularity, but fewer nodes and edges than the farmed fish. Furthermore, a random forest classification prediction model with the accuracy of 92.31%, the Kappa coefficient of 0.8452, and an area under the ROC curve of 0.952 4 was constructed. Using this prediction model, the accuracy of source identification for the wild and farmed fish was 91.67% and 92.86%, respectively. Overall, the structure of microbial communities in the pyloric caecum of L. crocea was different between the wild and farmed populations, making it a potential marker for host source tracking. Our findings provide new insights into distinguishing wild and farmed L. crocea.

Larimichthys crocea  /  pyloric caecum microbiota  /  high throughput sequencing  /  random forest  /  reverse tracking
张钰霆, 张瑞瑞, 潘非斐, 潘友浩, 李聪, 林华, 陈仕玺, 穆景利. 三沙湾大黄鱼野生和养殖群体的幽门盲囊微生物群落结构比较分析. 海洋学报, 2024 , 46 (1) : 77 -87 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2024012
Yuting Zhang, Ruirui Zhang, Feifei Pan, Youhao Pan, Cong Li, Hua Lin, Shixi Chen, Jingli Mu. Comparison of the pyloric caecum microbiota community structure between the wild and farmed Larimichthys crocea in Sansha Bay[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2024 , 46 (1) : 77 -87 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2024012
大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)隶属鲈形目(Perciformes)、石首鱼科(Sciaenidae)、黄鱼属(Larimichthys),俗称黄花鱼、黄瓜鱼、黄金龙等[1]。大黄鱼是我国重要的海水经济鱼类,其养殖业主要集中于浙江、广东及福建等地。因其肉质细嫩鲜美,营养丰富,广受消费者喜爱,素有“国鱼”之称,是我国最具优势的八大出口水产品之一[2]
福建三沙湾是由鉴江半岛和东冲半岛环抱而成的海湾,其水域面积为262.01 km2,仅在东南方向有一个峡口,湾口口径仅3 km,是我国南方典型的近海封闭性海湾[34]。三沙湾终年属中亚热带海洋性季风气候,海水中饵料丰富,水质肥沃,是大黄鱼的天然产卵场,也是我国重要的大黄鱼网箱养殖基地之一。
在20世纪70年代前,大黄鱼野生资源丰富,具有明显的渔场和汛期,我国年捕捞量约为12 × 104 t[5]。随后,由于过度捕捞,大黄鱼的野生资源濒临枯竭,成为趋于濒危物种[6]。在20世纪80年代中期,我国水产科技人员在大黄鱼人工育苗领域取得了突破性进展,推动了大黄鱼养殖行业的发展。与此同时,为恢复大黄鱼野生资源,我国开展了增殖放流工作[78]。至目前为止,福建大黄鱼野生资源得到了一定的恢复,2021年捕获野生大黄鱼797 t左右[9]。如何科学准确地区分大黄鱼野生和养殖群体一直是行业关注的热点问题。一方面,野生大黄鱼具有较优美的形态和较好的肉质口感,其价格可比养殖大黄鱼高出几十倍到几百倍[1, 10]。另一方面,由于养殖逃逸现象时有发生,在评估大黄鱼野生资源现状时,需准确辨别养殖逃逸个体,以保证评估结果的准确性。但目前,野生和养殖群体的区分主要依赖形态上的区别,具有一定的主观性。为满足消费市场和资源评估的需求,亟需开发一种科学区分野生和养殖群体的方法。
动物肠道中的微生物参与宿主的多种生理功能,包括营养代谢、免疫代谢及生长发育,与宿主健康关系密切[1115]。鱼类肠道菌群的早期定殖发生在胚胎孵化阶段,主要来源于周围海水、开口饵料及受精卵上的微生物[15];在后续的生长发育阶段中受环境影响发生改变[1618]。大黄鱼的消化系统较为复杂,可分为幽门胃、胃盲囊、小肠、直肠、幽门盲囊等。其中,幽门盲囊是较为特殊的一个消化结构,其在胃中部与肠相连的部位生出16条细小盲管,排列成香蕉状,末端封闭。在消化过程中,幽门盲囊主要起到分泌消化酶的作用,食物不直接进入幽门盲囊[19]。此外,鱼类幽门盲囊中独特的生理微环境起到选择压力和生境过滤的作用,对外源微生物的定殖起到一定的限制作用[20]。因此,我们推测大黄鱼幽门盲囊保存较多早期定殖的“土著微生物”,保留有早期孵化阶段的环境微生物特征,具有进行野生群体(孵化于野生环境)和养殖群体(孵化于养殖环境)溯源区分的潜力。
本研究通过Illumina高通量测序技术,对三沙湾大黄鱼野生群体(42尾)和养殖群体(42尾)幽门盲囊微生物的16S rRNA V3~V4区进行测序,比较分析两个群体幽门盲囊微生物群落结构,深化对大黄鱼肠道微生物的了解。在此基础上,利用随机森林(Random Forest, RF)算法,构建一种通过幽门盲囊微生物群落结构对三沙湾大黄鱼野生和养殖群体溯源区分的方法。
采集地点位于福建省宁德市三沙湾海域。野生大黄鱼通过定置网捕获(26.672 1°N,119.770 1°E;26.658 9°N,119.806 6°E;26.655 3°N,119.844 3°E),共42尾;养殖大黄鱼来自渔排上的养殖网箱(26.635 3°N,119.706 8°E;26.616 6°N,119.725 9°E;26.634 4°N,119.708 6°E),共42尾。其中,野生群体成鱼体重为(527.95 ± 37.16) g,体长为(32.64 ± 1.83) cm;养殖群体成鱼体重为(533.85 ± 22.56) g,体长为(29.77 ± 0.37) cm。
取样在实验室超净台中进行。解剖前先测量每尾鱼的体长、体重及胸鳍长等,记录基本的生物学数据。解剖时将大黄鱼放在托盘中,用无菌的解剖剪和镊子进行解剖,小心地取出大黄鱼的幽门盲囊,剪取3~4条盲管末端组织(约3 cm),放入无菌的1.5 mL离心管中,置于−80℃冰箱中保存备用。每解剖完一尾鱼,将剪刀和镊子用超纯水清洗,并在酒精灯上进行灭菌。养殖群体幽门盲囊样本编号采用YZ表示;野生群体幽门盲囊样本编号采用YS表示。
幽门盲囊微生物总DNA提取采用德国QIAGEN公司的QlAamp Fast DNA Stool Mini Kit试剂盒进行提取。用超微量紫外分光光度计NanoDrop-2000测定DNA浓度,1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测DNA质量。
采用PCR技术,以提取的基因组总DNA为模板,扩增16S rRNA V3~V4高变区序列,扩增上游引物:341F(5'-CCTACGGGNGGCWGCAG-3'),下游引物:805R(5'-GACTACHVGGGTATCTAATCC-3')。PCR反应体系(25 μL): 12.5 μL 2 × Taq PCR mix,引物(10 mmol/L)各1 μL,≤ 1 μg DNA模板,ddH2O补足至25 μL。PCR扩增程序:预变性95℃ 3min;变性94℃ 30 s,退火56℃ 30 s,延伸72℃ 1 min,35个循环;72℃延伸10 min终止反应。
PCR扩增产物采用2%琼脂糖凝胶进行电泳检验,使用QIAGEN公司QIAquick Gel Extraction Kit试剂盒对目的条带进行纯化回收。采用Qubit 2.0 DNA检测试剂盒对回收的DNA进行精确定量,每个样品DNA量取10 ng,进行Illumina NovaSeq PE250双末端测序(委托北京诺禾致源科技股份有限公司完成)。
测序数据预处理:根据Barcode和引物序列,从下机数据中拆分出各个样本测序数据,使用FLASH[21](V1.2.7, http://ccb.jhu.edu/ software /FLASH/)对每个样本的两端测序序列进行拼接,得到原始序列;利用Qiime[22](V1.9.1, http://qiime.org/scripts/split_libraries_fastq.html)将原始序列进行严格质控,过滤处理得到高质量序列;利用UCHIME[23](V4.2, http://www.drive5.com/usearch/manual/uchime_algo.html)检测嵌合体序列,去除后得到有效序列。
利用Uparse[24](v7.01001, http://www.drive5.com/uparse/)对所有样本的有效序列进行聚类,默认以97%相似性将序列聚类成为操作分类单元(Operational Taxonomic Unit, OTU),并选取OTU的代表序列,即OTU中出现频数最高的序列。利用RDP Classifier[25](V2.2, http://rdp.cme.msu.edu/classifier/classifier.jsp)对OTU代表序列进行物种注释分析,设定阈值为0.8。为避免样本间因测序深度不同带来的误差,本研究对OTU表中各样本的数据进行均一化处理,以样本中数据量最少的为标准进行均一化处理。后续的Alpha多样性和Beta多样性分析都是基于均一化处理的数据。
本研究中的数据作图基于R语言软件(V. 4.2.1)完成,Venn图用于统计两组间共有和特有的OTU;α多样性使用Qiime软件(Version 1.7.0)计算Chao1、ACE、Shannon及Simpson指数,并生成相应的箱线图,用于评估幽门盲囊微生物的多样性;采用非加权Unifrac(Unweighted Unifrac)距离算法计算得到组间距离,将主坐标分析(Principal Co-ordinates Analysis, PCoA)进行降维并可视化,用于分析两组菌群结构的差异;物种相对丰度柱状图使用GraphPad Prism 8软件完成;LEfSe分析阐明两组中的差异菌群;采用Spearman秩相关分析,以r > 0.6,p < 0.05的标准筛选数据,使用gephi软件绘制网络图。T-test检验用于两组大黄鱼肠道微生物的差异性分析。
随机森林(RF)算法是以决策树为基分类器,通过Bagging方法构成的强分类器[26]。RF的构建利用R语言软件中的randomForest包完成,其构建主要在于决策树的生成,先利用Bagging方法进行决策树训练样本和测试样本的抽取;再有放回地从训练数据集中取样得到多个Bootstrap,使用caret包依据特征细菌进行模型训练,设置树数为500,构建RF模型,再以测试集数据对构建的模型进行测试[2628]
采集的84个生物样本测序后,通过拼接,共获得6 687 548条序列,经过质控共得到5 554 636条有效数据,质控有效率达80.81%。以97%的一致性将序列聚类成为OTU,共得到13 560个OTU,其中,对所有样本有效序列进行均一化处理的标准为32 226条。将获得的OTU序列在RDP Classifier数据库进行物种注释,用于后续分析。
Venn图直观展示了三沙湾大黄鱼野生和养殖群体共有和独有的OTU数量(图1)。野生和养殖群体的幽门盲囊微生物共有的OTU数量为2 995,相比于野生群体,养殖群体的幽门盲囊微生物有着更多的特有OTU。
三沙湾大黄鱼野生和养殖群体幽门盲囊微生物的Alpha多样性(包括Shannon指数、Simpson指数、Chao1指数及ACE指数)分析结果如图2所示。养殖群体的Shannon指数和Simpson指数与野生群体无显著性差异(p > 0.05),说明两个群体幽门盲囊菌群的多样性水平接近;但养殖群体的Chao1指数和ACE指数显著高于野生群体(p < 0.05),说明养殖群体的幽门盲囊微生物的物种丰富度大于野生群体。
三沙湾大黄鱼野生和养殖群体幽门盲囊微生物的主坐标分析(PCoA)结果如图3所示。其中,PCoA1和PCoA2是两个主坐标成分,分别代表了16.07%和8.83%的变异。野生群体样本和养殖群体样本有着较好的分离趋势,说明三沙湾大黄鱼野生和养殖群体的幽门盲囊微生物群落结构有较大差异,有望作为群体溯源分析的工具。
三沙湾大黄鱼野生和养殖群体幽门盲囊微生物在门水平相对丰度排列前十的菌群结果如图4所示。变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)在野生和养殖群体中均占有较高的比例。其中,变形菌门在野生和养殖群体中的相对丰度分别为82.01%和64.84%;与之相反的是,厚壁菌门在野生和养殖群体中的相对丰度分别为9.37%和22.68%,变形菌门和厚壁菌门在两个群体中的相对丰度均具有显著性差异(p < 0.05)。拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)在野生群体中的相对丰度分别为1.85%、4.22%和0.07%,其在养殖群体中的相对丰度分别为5.84%、0.79%和0.24%。其中,拟杆菌门和酸杆菌门在养殖群体中的相对丰度显著高于野生群体(p < 0.05);而放线菌门在野生群体中的相对丰度显著高于养殖群体(p < 0.05)。
三沙湾大黄鱼野生和养殖群体幽门盲囊微生物在属水平相对丰度排列前十的菌群结果如图5所示。青枯菌属(Ralstonia)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和支原体属(Mycoplasma)在两个群体中的相对丰度存在显著性差异(p < 0.05)。其中,青枯菌属和支原体属在养殖群体中的相对丰度显著高于野生群体;而假单胞菌属在野生群体中的相对丰度显著高于养殖群体。甲基杆菌属(Methylobacterium)和发光杆菌属(Photobacterium)在野生和养殖群体中均有相对高的占比,但在两个群体之间无显著差异(p > 0.05)。
进一步的,LEfSe分析结果如图6所示。三沙湾大黄鱼野生和养殖群体幽门盲囊微生物的差异菌群共24个,其中在养殖群体中富集了包括伯克氏菌科(Burkholderiaceae)、青枯菌属(Ralstonia)及拟杆菌目(Bacteroidales)等在内的6个菌群;而在野生群体中,假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、弧菌科(Vibrionaceae)、肠杆菌目(Enterobacterales)、发光杆菌属(Photobacterium)、放线菌纲(Actinobacteria)及葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)等18个菌群高度富集。
通过计算菌群之间的相关性,我们分别对三沙湾大黄鱼野生和养殖群体相关性显著(p < 0.05, r > 0.6)的菌群构建网络。菌群之间的相互作用主要集中在变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)、梭杆菌门(Fusobacteria)等之间(图7),整体上相互作用倾向于协同作用。野生和养殖群体的网络连接数分别为1 561和12 309、节点个数分别为163和306、平均度分别为5.423和52.118(表1),说明养殖群体网络中物种丰富程度、物种交互复杂性均高于野生群体;野生群体负连接数与正连接数的比率(0.023)大于养殖群体(0.015),说明与养殖群体相比,野生群体的幽门盲囊微生物之间存在更强的竞争。野生和养殖群体的网络模块性分别为0.695和0.292,说明野生群体的模块间连接较多,模块间连接较为紧密。
我们基于获得的三沙湾大黄鱼幽门盲囊微生物数据,通过randomForest包构建了随机森林模型。利用Bagging方法,随机选取84个样本中的58个样本作为训练集,进行模型训练,另外的26个样本作为测试集,用于准确度评定。结果显示,所构建的随机森林模型的袋外预测(Out-of-Bag,OOB)误差为15.25%,即基于随机森林建立的分类模型预测正确率可达84.75%,显示分类器模型的精准度较高,可有效识别两类分组。
图8可知,当决策树大于300时,误差率已趋于平稳,可以很好的将野生和养殖群体分开。我们构建的随机森林模型的准确率(ACC)、敏感性(Sensitivity, SE)和特异性(Speeificity, Sp)分别为92.31%、92.86%和91.67%;Kappa系数为0.845 2;ROC曲线下面积为0.952 4(表2),说明该模型较为优异,可有效识别野生和养殖群体。
通过测试集数据对进一步优化的随机森林模型进行验证,通过混淆矩阵和准确率判断该模型的识别能力。所构建的随机森林模型识别野生和养殖群体的准确率分别为91.67%和92.86%(表3),此结果进一步说明分类器模型的精准度较高,可有效识别两个群体。
本研究中,通过16S rRNA测序分析发现,三沙湾大黄鱼野生和养殖群体幽门盲囊中的微生物群落结构存在明显差异。养殖群体的Chao1指数和ACE指数显著高于野生群体(图2),表明养殖群体的幽门盲囊微生物的物种丰富度大于野生群体;养殖群体和野生群体的Shannon指数和Simpson指数无显著差异(图2),表明野生和养殖群体幽门盲囊微生物的多样性水平接近。据报道,与患病鱼类个体相比,健康个体的肠道微生物α多样性更高[29]。因此,从α多样性来看,三沙湾大黄鱼养殖群体幽门盲囊微生物处于较为健康的状态,这与已有研究结果相似[30]
三沙湾大黄鱼野生群体幽门盲囊微生物的优势菌群分别为变形菌门、厚壁菌门和放线菌门;而养殖群体幽门盲囊微生物的优势菌群分别为变形菌门、厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门,且各菌群在野生和养殖群体中的相对丰度差异显著(图4)。在早期孵化阶段,仔鱼肠道菌群的定殖主要来源于食物和水体环境,并在仔鱼后期形成稳定的“土著微生物群”[15]。野生群体主要以捕获活的糠虾类和桡足类等浮游动物为饵料来源,而养殖群体主要摄食人工饲料[16]。已有研究表明,肠道微生物结构的形成与饵料成分密切相关[3134]。盛鹏程等[34]研究发现,投畜禽内脏饲料的乌鳢(Ophiocephalus argus)肠道微生物群落种类多样性、丰富度及物种总数均高于投冰鲜鱼饲料的乌鳢。此外,网箱养殖大多于近岸水域且养殖密度较大,水环境质量和微生物组成有别于野生群体。在多鳞白甲鱼(Onychostoma macrolepis)及褐点石斑鱼(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus)等鱼类中的研究表明,鱼类肠道菌群与水环境微生物组成呈正相关性[3537]。因此,饵料和水体环境的不同可能是造成三沙湾大黄鱼野生和养殖群体幽门盲囊微生物群落结构差异的主要原因之一。
在门水平,厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门在养殖群体(22.68%,5.84%)中的相对丰度显著高于野生群体(9.37%,1.85%)。厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门的主要功能是参与宿主肠道的能量代谢[38]。厚壁菌门可以产生短链脂肪酸(SCFAs),可用于脂质或葡萄糖的合成,并为宿主提供额外的能量来源[3941]。拟杆菌门可以产生降解多糖的特异性酶,这有助于宿主降解不易消化的碳水化合物[42]。因此,厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门可以通过提供额外的能量来源(如短链脂肪酸和可消化的碳水化合物)来促进宿主的生长,这可能是养殖大黄鱼生长快速和肥胖的原因之一。变形菌门的成员大多具有致病性,通常与肠道生态失衡、宿主代谢紊乱和免疫失调有关[43]。变形菌门在野生群体(82.01%)中的相对丰度显著高于养殖群体(64.84%),可能的原因之一是两个群体早期阶段接触变形菌门的程度有所差别。野生大黄鱼在复杂的野外环境中孵化和开口,接触具有致病性的变形菌门较多;养殖大黄鱼的孵化和开口大多在条件可控的室内养殖池内,环境相对稳定和洁净。有研究表明,大黄鱼肠道内的变形菌门相对丰度与宿主生长率密切相关[44]。由此我们推测,野生和养殖群体的肠道免疫功能存在差别,可能是导致两个群体生长速度差异较大的原因之一。网络分析被广泛应用于表征复杂的微生物群落结构。本研究发现,野生和养殖群体的幽门盲囊微生物群落结构差异明显,野生群体拥有更高的负连接数/正连接数比率和模块性,更少的节点数和连接数。这种不同可能是由于两个群体早期孵化阶段和之后生长发育的环境迥异所引起。
随机森林是一种适用性较强和应用较广的机器学习算法,其可评估所有变量的重要性,无需顾虑变量的多元共线性问题[45]。Zhu等[30]基于大黄鱼直肠微生物数据,通过构建随机森林模型对大黄鱼进行野生和养殖群体的识别,可以有效识别高于90%以上的野生群体,说明了利用肠道微生物组追踪鱼类宿主来源是可行的。值得一提的是,成鱼直肠中的微生物群落结构较为不稳定,易受短期食物的影响;而半封闭结构的幽门盲囊中的微生物不易受到短期食物和水体中微生物的影响,微生物群落较为稳定,保留了更多早期孵化阶段的微生物特征[15, 1920]。因此,本研究选择基于幽门盲囊微生物的数据,具有更高的合理性和稳定性,所构建随机森林模型用于识别三沙湾大黄鱼野生和养殖群体的正确率分别可达91.67%和92.86%(表3)。未来,随着训练数据集数量的不断增加,准确性有待进一步提高,有望形成一套科学严谨的三沙湾大黄鱼群体溯源方法。
大黄鱼幽门盲囊中微生物群落结构不仅与宿主的健康和代谢密切相关,还包含宿主早期孵化时的环境信息。我们的研究揭示了三沙湾大黄鱼野生和养殖群体的幽门盲囊微生物群落组成的差异。其中,在门水平上,变形菌门、厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门和酸杆菌门在大黄鱼野生和养殖群体中的相对丰度差异显著(p < 0.05);在属水平上,青枯菌属、假单胞菌属和支原体属等在大黄鱼野生和养殖群体中的相对丰度差异显著(p < 0.05)。微生物网络分析结果显示,野生和养殖群体的幽门盲囊微生物群落结构差异明显,野生群体拥有更高的负连接数/正连接数比率和模块性,更少的节点数和连接数。利用随机森林模型,我们通过幽门盲囊微生物可以有效识别三沙湾大黄鱼的野生和养殖群体,其准确率分别可达91.67%和92.86%。
  • 2022年福建省海洋服务与高质量发展专项
  • 福建省高校产学研联合创新项目(2021N5005)
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2024年第46卷第1期
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doi: 10.12284/hyxb2024012
  • 接收时间:2023-07-12
  • 首发时间:2025-11-25
  • 出版时间:2024-01-31
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  • 收稿日期:2023-07-12
  • 修回日期:2023-10-09
基金
2022年福建省海洋服务与高质量发展专项
福建省高校产学研联合创新项目(2021N5005)
作者信息
    1.闽江学院 地理与海洋学院,福建 福州 350108
    2.福建省渔业资源监测中心,福建 福州 350003
    3.厦门大学 海洋与地球学院,福建 厦门 361102

通讯作者:

*潘非斐(1987—),女,工程师,主要从事渔业资源评估研究。E-mail:
穆景利(1979—),男,教授,主要从事海洋生态毒理学等研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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