Article(id=1200024647505900072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1200024643240292843, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12284/hyxb2024022, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1685376000000, receivedDateStr=2023-05-30, revisedDate=1698595200000, revisedDateStr=2023-10-30, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764037771345, onlineDateStr=2025-11-25, pubDate=1706630400000, pubDateStr=2024-01-31, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764037771345, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764037771345, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764037771345, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1200024643240292843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2024', volume='46', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='130', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=0, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764037770328, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764056122067, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200101616062923672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1200024643240292843, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200101616062923673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1200024643240292843, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=121, endPage=130, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200024647824667184, articleId=1200024647505900072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Research on the structure and characteristics of Chongming Island adjacent waters ecosystem based on Rpath, columnId=null, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Based on the comprehensive fishery survey in the Chongming Island adjacent waters in November 2020, January 2021, April 2021, and August 2021, we used an open-source program Rpath to build a mass balance model containing 22 functional groups for this area. The ecosystem structure and characteristics in this sea area were then studied. Results showed that the trophic level for these 18 functional groups ranged from 1 to 4.32, with the highest trophic level of bottom carnivorous fish. The ecological transfer efficiency of small benthic organisms is the lowest (0.01), suggesting a bottleneck in their energy transfer to higher trophic levels and indicated it was the bottleneck to limit the energy transfer in the benthic food chain. The analysis of the overall characteristics of the ecosystem shows that the total system throughput of the Chongming Island adjacent waters ecosystem was 2 909.42 t/(km2·a), which was lower than that of the nearby marine ecosystem. Phytoplankton contributes 60% of the energy to the total primary productivity of the ecosystem and was the main nutrient source of this ecosystem. The total primary production/total respiration is 1.99 and the system omnivorous index is 0.18. This indicate that the Chongming Island adjacent waters ecosystem has low maturity, simple trophic interaction, and low recovery ability after disturbance. Sensitivity analysis showed that functional group biomass was the main index that affected the accuracy of ecosystem model output. The results of this study can provide a reference for the evaluation of the effect of the Changjiang River fishing ban.

, correspAuthors=Dongyan Han, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Haiyang Xuebao, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Wen Wang, Xiujiang Zhao, Ling Ding, Dongyan Han, Jinhui Chen, Jianhui Wu), CN=ArticleExt(id=1200024650156700252, articleId=1200024647505900072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=基于Rpath的崇明岛周边海域生态系统结构和特征研究, columnId=1194652708993995497, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=研究报道, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究根据2020年11月,2021年1月、4月及8月在崇明岛周边海域的渔业调查数据,使用开源程序Rpath构建了包括22个功能群的物质平衡模型,对该海域生态系统结构和特征进行研究。结果表明:崇明岛周边海域生态系统各功能群营养级范围为1~4.32。小型底栖生物的生态转换效率最低(0.01),说明其到高营养级的能量转换存在瓶颈,是影响该海域底层食物链营养传递效率的关键节点。生态系统总体特征分析表明,该生态系统总规模为2 909.42 t/(km2·a),低于附近海域生态系统规模。浮游植物对生态系统总初级生产力的贡献为60%,是该生态系统的主要营养来源。生态系统总初级生产量/总呼吸量为1.99、系统杂食性指数为0.18,表明生态系统成熟度较低,食物网简单,受干扰后恢复能力较差。模型敏感性分析表明,功能群生物量是影响模型输出准确程度的主要指标。本研究结果可以为该海域生态系统水平的禁捕效果评估工作提供基准参考。

, correspAuthors=韩东燕, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*韩东燕,男,讲师,主要从事鱼类摄食生态及生态系统营养动力学研究。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《海洋学报》编辑部 2024, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=6EoOgbHpV+0YZqUgoZVzyw==, magXml=gsyb0YXna7WsXRAo+bG+qA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=8YHBXQGIcvIdRamjEJ7H3Q==, pdfFileSize=1007684, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=rKoZjz/Hoy0xYmwfJWC5eQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=ci+NH+8Nc/bKO1VKu3M6Mw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

王文(1997—),女,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市人,主要从事生态系统营养动力学研究。E-mail:

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王文(1997—),女,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市人,主要从事生态系统营养动力学研究。E-mail:

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王文(1997—),女,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市人,主要从事生态系统营养动力学研究。E-mail:

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Shanghai Aquatic Wildlife Conservation and Research Center, Shanghai 200092, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200091107766923927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024647505900072, companyId=1200091107750146709, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5.上海市水生野生动植物保护研究中心,上海 200092)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1200091111978005265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024647505900072, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Location of survey stations in Chongming Island adjacent waters, figureFileSmall=ipY7vBlU0KFXHX5zvQetzA==, figureFileBig=JqVXd1LAVWoUTKcyPOPlkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200091112049308438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024647505900072, language=CN, label=图1, caption=崇明岛周边海域调查站位, figureFileSmall=ipY7vBlU0KFXHX5zvQetzA==, figureFileBig=JqVXd1LAVWoUTKcyPOPlkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200091112187720472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024647505900072, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Food web of the Chongming Island adjacent water ecosystem, figureFileSmall=n1tFayj80aIyFt/sw1oQjA==, figureFileBig=PBrlHBkKo60HbSqp+coo+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200091112271606556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024647505900072, language=CN, label=图2, caption=崇明岛周边海域生态系统食物网, figureFileSmall=n1tFayj80aIyFt/sw1oQjA==, figureFileBig=PBrlHBkKo60HbSqp+coo+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200091112489710368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024647505900072, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Mixed trophic impacts between functional groups in the Chongming Island adjacent waters ecosystem, figureFileSmall=Srr3wzbprWueBzABS6lbUg==, figureFileBig=aHMj4jezacFKxywHJ0OFNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200091112577790754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024647505900072, language=CN, label=图3, caption=崇明岛周边海域生态系统混合营养关系, figureFileSmall=Srr3wzbprWueBzABS6lbUg==, figureFileBig=aHMj4jezacFKxywHJ0OFNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200091112695231271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024647505900072, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Analysis of parameter uncertainty in the Rpath model for Chongming Island adjacent waters, figureFileSmall=VKDyQtVP+cwGAdBm7aN7bg==, figureFileBig=IfJHljP7F9TTU6gCdXpSsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200091112800088871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024647505900072, language=CN, label=图4, caption=崇明岛周边海域Rpath生态模型参数不确定性分析, figureFileSmall=VKDyQtVP+cwGAdBm7aN7bg==, figureFileBig=IfJHljP7F9TTU6gCdXpSsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200091112930112300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024647505900072, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Species composition of each functional groups for the Chongming Island adjacent waters ecosystem model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 功能群 主要种类
1 浮游植物 硅藻、甲藻等
2 浮游动物 桡足类、毛颚类、甲壳类幼体、中国毛虾(Acetes chinensis)等
3 虾类 脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)、秀丽白虾(E. modestus)、周氏新对虾(Joyneris shrimp)、日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponense)、细鳌沼虾(M. superbum)、安氏白虾(Palaemon annandalei)、葛氏长臂虾(P. gravieri)、巨指长臂虾(P. macrodactylus)、哈氏仿对虾(Parapenaeopsis hardwickii)、东海红虾(Plesionika izumiae)、中华管鞭虾(Solenocera crassicornis)等
4 口虾蛄

口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria
5 其他海洋蟹类

双斑蟳(Charybdis bimaculata)、日本蟳(C. japonica)、无齿螳臂相手蟹(Chiromantes dehaani)、狭颚绒螯蟹(Eriocheir leptognathus)、日本平家蟹(Heikeopsis japonica)、红线黎明蟹(Matuta planipes)、狭颚新绒螯蟹(Neoeriocheir leptognathus)等
6 三疣梭子蟹

三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus
7 中华绒螯蟹
中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis
8 小型中上层鱼类 鳓(Ilisha elongata)、鲻(Mugil cephalus)、黄鲫(Setipinna taty)等
9 鲚属

凤鲚(Coilia mystus)、刀鲚(C. nasus
10 棘头梅童鱼

棘头梅童鱼(Collichthys lucidus
11 龙头鱼

龙头鱼(Harpodon nehereus
12 长吻鮠 长吻鮠(Leiocassis longirostris
13 小型底层鱼类
(海洋型)
皮氏叫姑鱼(Johnius belangerii)、暗纹东方鲀(Takifugu obscurus)等
14 小型底层鱼类
(淡水型)
黄颡鱼(Pelteobaggrus fulvidraco)、光泽黄颡鱼(P. nitidus)、似鳊(Pseudobrama simoni)、长蛇鮈(Saurogobio dumerili)等
15 底层肉食性鱼类
(海洋型)
中国花鲈(Lateolabrax japonicus)、鮸(Miichthys miiuy)等
16 小型底栖鱼类
(海洋型)
窄体舌鳎(Cynoglossus gracilis)、鮻(Liza haematocheila)、睛尾蝌蚪虾虎鱼(Lophiogobius ocellicauda)、狼牙鳗虾虎鱼(Odontamblyopus rubicundus)、矛尾复虾虎鱼(Synechogobius hasta)、孔虾虎鱼(Trypauchen vagina)等
17 小型底栖鱼类
(淡水型)
香斜棘鱼衔(Repomucenus olidus)、髭缟虾虎鱼(Tridentiger barbatus)等
18 底栖肉食性鱼类
(海洋型)
斑尾刺虾虎鱼(Acanthogobius ommaturus)、细鳞鯻(Terapon jarbua)等
19 头足类 日本无针乌贼(Sepiella japonica)等
20 底栖软体类 河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)、红带织纹螺(Nassarius succinctus)、纵肋织纹螺(N. variciferus)、毛蚶(Scapharca subcrenata)、蛏子(Sinonovacula constricta)等
21 小型底栖生物 多毛类、棘皮类、腔肠类、钩虾类、等足类、端足类等
22 有机碎屑 包括悬浮颗粒有机物及沉积物中有机碎屑
), ArticleFig(id=1200091113072718637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024647505900072, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

崇明岛周边海域生态系统各功能群物种组成

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 功能群 主要种类
1 浮游植物 硅藻、甲藻等
2 浮游动物 桡足类、毛颚类、甲壳类幼体、中国毛虾(Acetes chinensis)等
3 虾类 脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)、秀丽白虾(E. modestus)、周氏新对虾(Joyneris shrimp)、日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponense)、细鳌沼虾(M. superbum)、安氏白虾(Palaemon annandalei)、葛氏长臂虾(P. gravieri)、巨指长臂虾(P. macrodactylus)、哈氏仿对虾(Parapenaeopsis hardwickii)、东海红虾(Plesionika izumiae)、中华管鞭虾(Solenocera crassicornis)等
4 口虾蛄

口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria
5 其他海洋蟹类

双斑蟳(Charybdis bimaculata)、日本蟳(C. japonica)、无齿螳臂相手蟹(Chiromantes dehaani)、狭颚绒螯蟹(Eriocheir leptognathus)、日本平家蟹(Heikeopsis japonica)、红线黎明蟹(Matuta planipes)、狭颚新绒螯蟹(Neoeriocheir leptognathus)等
6 三疣梭子蟹

三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus
7 中华绒螯蟹
中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis
8 小型中上层鱼类 鳓(Ilisha elongata)、鲻(Mugil cephalus)、黄鲫(Setipinna taty)等
9 鲚属

凤鲚(Coilia mystus)、刀鲚(C. nasus
10 棘头梅童鱼

棘头梅童鱼(Collichthys lucidus
11 龙头鱼

龙头鱼(Harpodon nehereus
12 长吻鮠 长吻鮠(Leiocassis longirostris
13 小型底层鱼类
(海洋型)
皮氏叫姑鱼(Johnius belangerii)、暗纹东方鲀(Takifugu obscurus)等
14 小型底层鱼类
(淡水型)
黄颡鱼(Pelteobaggrus fulvidraco)、光泽黄颡鱼(P. nitidus)、似鳊(Pseudobrama simoni)、长蛇鮈(Saurogobio dumerili)等
15 底层肉食性鱼类
(海洋型)
中国花鲈(Lateolabrax japonicus)、鮸(Miichthys miiuy)等
16 小型底栖鱼类
(海洋型)
窄体舌鳎(Cynoglossus gracilis)、鮻(Liza haematocheila)、睛尾蝌蚪虾虎鱼(Lophiogobius ocellicauda)、狼牙鳗虾虎鱼(Odontamblyopus rubicundus)、矛尾复虾虎鱼(Synechogobius hasta)、孔虾虎鱼(Trypauchen vagina)等
17 小型底栖鱼类
(淡水型)
香斜棘鱼衔(Repomucenus olidus)、髭缟虾虎鱼(Tridentiger barbatus)等
18 底栖肉食性鱼类
(海洋型)
斑尾刺虾虎鱼(Acanthogobius ommaturus)、细鳞鯻(Terapon jarbua)等
19 头足类 日本无针乌贼(Sepiella japonica)等
20 底栖软体类 河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)、红带织纹螺(Nassarius succinctus)、纵肋织纹螺(N. variciferus)、毛蚶(Scapharca subcrenata)、蛏子(Sinonovacula constricta)等
21 小型底栖生物 多毛类、棘皮类、腔肠类、钩虾类、等足类、端足类等
22 有机碎屑 包括悬浮颗粒有机物及沉积物中有机碎屑
), ArticleFig(id=1200091113185964848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024647505900072, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Input parameters of Rpath model function group for Chongming Island adjacent waters ecosystem

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 功能群 营养级 生物量/(t·km-2) 生产量/
生物量
消费量/
生物量
生态营养效率 捕捞量/
(t·km-2)
杂食性
指数
1 浮游植物 1.00 5.600 0 200.000 - 0.46 - -
2 浮游动物 2.00 4.000 0 25.000 180.000 0.26 - -
3 虾类 3.07 0.049 4 7.600 28.900 0.98 0.000 004 0.05
4 口虾蛄 3.21 0.000 05 8.000 28.900 0.32 - 0.16
5 其他海洋蟹类 3.07 0.004 5.650 26.900 0.95 0.000 022 0.25
6 三疣梭子蟹 3.13 0.013 7 3.500 11.000 0.20 0.000 233 0.16
7 中华绒螯蟹 2.68 0.002 9 4.000 15.000 0.80 0.000 046 0.36
8 小型中上层鱼类 3.19 0.048 1 2.370 7.900 0.34 0.000 233 0.31
9 鲚属 3.28 0.010 5 1.590 5.296 0.42 0.000 473 0.36
10 棘头梅童鱼 3.89 0.011 3 1.600 6.060 0.75 0.000 937 0.24
11 龙头鱼 4.32 0.003 2 1.890 6.770 0.38 0.000 341 0.22
12 长吻鮠 3.85 0.029 5 0.958 4.700 0.38 0.000 201 0.25
13 小型底层鱼类(海洋型) 3.30 0.005 1.754 6.400 0.95 0.000 004 0.15
14 小型底层鱼类(淡水型) 3.30 0.011 0 1.754 6.400 0.48 0.000 086 0.13
15 底层肉食性鱼类(海洋型) 4.29 0.014 5 0.600 4.700 0.33 0.000 099 0.28
16 小型底栖鱼类(海洋型) 3.51 0.024 3 1.220 4.600 0.75 - 0.52
17 小型底栖鱼类(淡水型) 3.37 0.006 1.220 4.600 0.95 - 0.33
18 底栖肉食性鱼类(海洋型) 4.03 0.000 2 0.958 4.700 0.90 0.000 002 0.19
19 头足类 3.87 0.002 3.000 10.000 0.95 0.000 002 0.27
20 小型底栖生物 2.15 4.900 0 9.280 33.000 0.01 - 0.13
21 底栖软体类 2.01 0.100 0 4.540 17.128 0.69 - 0.01
22 有机碎屑 1.00 36.200 0 - - 0.38 - -
), ArticleFig(id=1200091113274045237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024647505900072, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

崇明岛周边海域Rpath模型功能群输入参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 功能群 营养级 生物量/(t·km-2) 生产量/
生物量
消费量/
生物量
生态营养效率 捕捞量/
(t·km-2)
杂食性
指数
1 浮游植物 1.00 5.600 0 200.000 - 0.46 - -
2 浮游动物 2.00 4.000 0 25.000 180.000 0.26 - -
3 虾类 3.07 0.049 4 7.600 28.900 0.98 0.000 004 0.05
4 口虾蛄 3.21 0.000 05 8.000 28.900 0.32 - 0.16
5 其他海洋蟹类 3.07 0.004 5.650 26.900 0.95 0.000 022 0.25
6 三疣梭子蟹 3.13 0.013 7 3.500 11.000 0.20 0.000 233 0.16
7 中华绒螯蟹 2.68 0.002 9 4.000 15.000 0.80 0.000 046 0.36
8 小型中上层鱼类 3.19 0.048 1 2.370 7.900 0.34 0.000 233 0.31
9 鲚属 3.28 0.010 5 1.590 5.296 0.42 0.000 473 0.36
10 棘头梅童鱼 3.89 0.011 3 1.600 6.060 0.75 0.000 937 0.24
11 龙头鱼 4.32 0.003 2 1.890 6.770 0.38 0.000 341 0.22
12 长吻鮠 3.85 0.029 5 0.958 4.700 0.38 0.000 201 0.25
13 小型底层鱼类(海洋型) 3.30 0.005 1.754 6.400 0.95 0.000 004 0.15
14 小型底层鱼类(淡水型) 3.30 0.011 0 1.754 6.400 0.48 0.000 086 0.13
15 底层肉食性鱼类(海洋型) 4.29 0.014 5 0.600 4.700 0.33 0.000 099 0.28
16 小型底栖鱼类(海洋型) 3.51 0.024 3 1.220 4.600 0.75 - 0.52
17 小型底栖鱼类(淡水型) 3.37 0.006 1.220 4.600 0.95 - 0.33
18 底栖肉食性鱼类(海洋型) 4.03 0.000 2 0.958 4.700 0.90 0.000 002 0.19
19 头足类 3.87 0.002 3.000 10.000 0.95 0.000 002 0.27
20 小型底栖生物 2.15 4.900 0 9.280 33.000 0.01 - 0.13
21 底栖软体类 2.01 0.100 0 4.540 17.128 0.69 - 0.01
22 有机碎屑 1.00 36.200 0 - - 0.38 - -
), ArticleFig(id=1200091113378902839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024647505900072, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

General characteristic parameters of Chongming Island adjacent waters cosystem

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征参数 数值
总消耗量/(t·km−2·a−1) 866.14
总输出量/(t·km−2·a−1) 557.45
呼吸的总流量/(t·km−2·a−1) 562.55
流入碎屑的总流量/(t·km−2·a−1) 903.28
系统总流通量/(t·km−2·a−1) 2 909.42
总生产量/(t·km−2·a−1) 1 266.65
总净初级生产量/(t·km−2·a−1) 1 120.00
净系统生产量/(t·km−2·a−1) 557.45
总初级生产量/总呼吸(TPP/TR) 1.99
总初级生产量/总生物量(TPP/TB) 75.50
总生物量(除去碎屑)/(t·km−2·a−1) 14.83
总捕捞量/(t·km−2·a−1) 0.002 7
Pedigree指数 0.573
系统杂食性指数 0.18
浮游植物贡献比 0.6
有机碎屑贡献比 0.4
), ArticleFig(id=1200091113479566138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024647505900072, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

崇明岛周边海域生态系统总特征参数表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征参数 数值
总消耗量/(t·km−2·a−1) 866.14
总输出量/(t·km−2·a−1) 557.45
呼吸的总流量/(t·km−2·a−1) 562.55
流入碎屑的总流量/(t·km−2·a−1) 903.28
系统总流通量/(t·km−2·a−1) 2 909.42
总生产量/(t·km−2·a−1) 1 266.65
总净初级生产量/(t·km−2·a−1) 1 120.00
净系统生产量/(t·km−2·a−1) 557.45
总初级生产量/总呼吸(TPP/TR) 1.99
总初级生产量/总生物量(TPP/TB) 75.50
总生物量(除去碎屑)/(t·km−2·a−1) 14.83
总捕捞量/(t·km−2·a−1) 0.002 7
Pedigree指数 0.573
系统杂食性指数 0.18
浮游植物贡献比 0.6
有机碎屑贡献比 0.4
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基于Rpath的崇明岛周边海域生态系统结构和特征研究
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王文 1 , 赵修江 2, 3 , 丁玲 3 , 韩东燕 1, 4, * , 陈锦辉 4, 5 , 吴建辉 4, 5
海洋学报 | 研究报道 2024,46(1): 121-130
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海洋学报 | 研究报道 2024, 46(1): 121-130
基于Rpath的崇明岛周边海域生态系统结构和特征研究
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王文1 , 赵修江2, 3, 丁玲3, 韩东燕1, 4, * , 陈锦辉4, 5, 吴建辉4, 5
作者信息
  • 1.上海海洋大学 海洋科学学院,上海 201306
  • 2.中国长江三峡集团有限公司,湖北 武汉 430010
  • 3.上海勘测设计研究院有限公司,上海 200126
  • 4.长江口水生生物监测与保护联合实验室,上海 201306
  • 5.上海市水生野生动植物保护研究中心,上海 200092
  • 王文(1997—),女,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市人,主要从事生态系统营养动力学研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*韩东燕,男,讲师,主要从事鱼类摄食生态及生态系统营养动力学研究。E-mail:
Research on the structure and characteristics of Chongming Island adjacent waters ecosystem based on Rpath
Wen Wang1 , Xiujiang Zhao2, 3, Ling Ding3, Dongyan Han1, 4, * , Jinhui Chen4, 5, Jianhui Wu4, 5
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Ocean Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
  • 2. China Three Gorges Group Co. Ltd., Wuhan 430010, China
  • 3. Shanghai Survey, Design and Research Institute Co. Ltd., Shanghai 200126, China
  • 4. Joint Laboratory for Monitoring and Protection of Aquatic Organisms in the Yangtze River Estuary, Shanghai 201306, China
  • 5. Shanghai Aquatic Wildlife Conservation and Research Center, Shanghai 200092, China
出版时间: 2024-01-31 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2024022
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本研究根据2020年11月,2021年1月、4月及8月在崇明岛周边海域的渔业调查数据,使用开源程序Rpath构建了包括22个功能群的物质平衡模型,对该海域生态系统结构和特征进行研究。结果表明:崇明岛周边海域生态系统各功能群营养级范围为1~4.32。小型底栖生物的生态转换效率最低(0.01),说明其到高营养级的能量转换存在瓶颈,是影响该海域底层食物链营养传递效率的关键节点。生态系统总体特征分析表明,该生态系统总规模为2 909.42 t/(km2·a),低于附近海域生态系统规模。浮游植物对生态系统总初级生产力的贡献为60%,是该生态系统的主要营养来源。生态系统总初级生产量/总呼吸量为1.99、系统杂食性指数为0.18,表明生态系统成熟度较低,食物网简单,受干扰后恢复能力较差。模型敏感性分析表明,功能群生物量是影响模型输出准确程度的主要指标。本研究结果可以为该海域生态系统水平的禁捕效果评估工作提供基准参考。

崇明岛周边海域  /  物质平衡模型  /  Rpath  /  生态系统结构

Based on the comprehensive fishery survey in the Chongming Island adjacent waters in November 2020, January 2021, April 2021, and August 2021, we used an open-source program Rpath to build a mass balance model containing 22 functional groups for this area. The ecosystem structure and characteristics in this sea area were then studied. Results showed that the trophic level for these 18 functional groups ranged from 1 to 4.32, with the highest trophic level of bottom carnivorous fish. The ecological transfer efficiency of small benthic organisms is the lowest (0.01), suggesting a bottleneck in their energy transfer to higher trophic levels and indicated it was the bottleneck to limit the energy transfer in the benthic food chain. The analysis of the overall characteristics of the ecosystem shows that the total system throughput of the Chongming Island adjacent waters ecosystem was 2 909.42 t/(km2·a), which was lower than that of the nearby marine ecosystem. Phytoplankton contributes 60% of the energy to the total primary productivity of the ecosystem and was the main nutrient source of this ecosystem. The total primary production/total respiration is 1.99 and the system omnivorous index is 0.18. This indicate that the Chongming Island adjacent waters ecosystem has low maturity, simple trophic interaction, and low recovery ability after disturbance. Sensitivity analysis showed that functional group biomass was the main index that affected the accuracy of ecosystem model output. The results of this study can provide a reference for the evaluation of the effect of the Changjiang River fishing ban.

Chongming Island adjacent waters  /  mass balance model  /  Rpath  /  ecosystem characteristics
王文, 赵修江, 丁玲, 韩东燕, 陈锦辉, 吴建辉. 基于Rpath的崇明岛周边海域生态系统结构和特征研究. 海洋学报, 2024 , 46 (1) : 121 -130 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2024022
Wen Wang, Xiujiang Zhao, Ling Ding, Dongyan Han, Jinhui Chen, Jianhui Wu. Research on the structure and characteristics of Chongming Island adjacent waters ecosystem based on Rpath[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2024 , 46 (1) : 121 -130 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2024022
长江口是我国最大的河口,水质肥沃,资源丰富,是许多重要经济鱼类的产卵场、索饵场、育幼场和洄游通道[1]。长江口水域海淡水交汇,海域温度和盐度的分布均具有明显的时空差异[12]。近年来,由于人类活动和气候变化等因素的影响,长江口生态系统环境发生了显著恶化,生物多样性下降,渔业资源严重衰退[34]。为恢复长江流域水生生物多样性和资源量,2021年开始,包括长江口在内的长江流域实施“十年禁渔”政策[5]。捕捞活动的停止不仅直接影响渔业主要捕捞对象[如刀鲚(Coilia nasus)、凤鲚(Coilia mystus)等][6],也会通过复杂的营养关系对生态系统中的其他生物产生不同程度的影响[7]。因此,需要从生态系统角度系统评价长江流域禁渔政策对水生生物保护效果和生物多样性恢复的影响。
生态模型是研究生态系统结构和功能的主要工具,为生态系统评估提供了理论框架,Ecopath with Ecosim(EwE)是常用的研究海洋生态系统营养关系的物质平衡模型[8],目前已广泛应用于海洋生态系统研究[812]。然而,EwE软件在运行多个模拟,或进行多次调试时,无法高效地重复模拟过程,降低了工作效率[13]。Rpath软件是生态系统物质平衡模型的R语言实现[13],其采用了同Ecopath软件完全相同的方程和算法[14]。Rpath程序包的出现有助于提高使用生态系统物质平衡模型进行分析的可重复性及扩展性,具有良好的发展前途。例如,Whitehouse等[14]应用Rpath 分析了不同生态系统对功能群死亡系数扰动的敏感性;Han等[15]应用Rpath评估了不同的胃含物分析数量对生态系统模型输出指标的影响。这些研究在EwE 软件中是难以实现的。
为研究长江口生态系统能流网络,国内诸多学者利用EwE等软件构建了该海域生态系统模型,对其生态系统能流分布、营养级聚合分析、能流转化效率及系统发育成熟度等进行研究,并对生态系统总体特征进行评估[4, 1618]。然而,这些研究的调查区域主要集中在长江口外海域[4, 1618],对崇明岛周边海域的站点布设较少。作为长江口的重要组成部分,崇明岛周边海域的研究较少,这可能会阻碍未来分析评估禁捕政策对长江口生态系统的影响。
因此,本研究拟基于在崇明岛周边海域开展的水生生物综合调查资料,构建崇明岛周边海域Rpath生态系统模型,分析该海域生态系统的结构和特征,以期为禁捕效果评估工作提供基准参考,为崇明岛周边海域的水生生物养护管理提供数据补充和技术支撑。
本研究所用数据来自于2020年11月,2021年1月、4月以及8月崇明岛周边海域(31°10′~31°45′N,121°10′~122°20′E)的拖网调查数据。调查海域水深范围为1.4~17.4 m。根据研究海域的物理特征、开发现状和生物资源变动特性共设计了18个调查站点(图1),由于天气及航运等不可抗因素,4个航次实际调查站位分别为12个、16个、14个和14个。调查船只为单船底拖网渔船,网口长和网口高分别为6 m和2 m,网纲长为6 m,囊网网目为20 mm。每站位以平均2 kn拖速作业30 min。对运回实验室的渔获物进行种类鉴定以及生物学测定,并记录各物种的渔获量。采样及调查分析依照《海洋调查规范 第6部分:海洋生物调查》(GB/T 12763. 6−2007)[19]、《海洋监测规范 第6部分:生物体分析》(GB 17378.6−2007)[20]和《近岸海域环境监测规范》(HJ 442−2008)[21]执行。
物质平衡模型定义生态系统是由一系列生态关联的功能群组成,并遵循热力学定律研究生态系统能量流动与网络分析。功能群应基本涵盖生态系统能流的全过程[89]。构建模型时,生物量(B)、生产量/生物量(P/B)、消耗量/生物量(Q/B)以及生态营养转化效率(Ecotrophic Efficiency,EE)为需要输入的基本参数,同时还需要输入各功能群的食物组成矩阵[8]。模型构建的基本公式为
$ B_i\times \left({P}/{B}\right)_i \times {\mathrm{EE}}_i =\sum^n_{j\;=\;1}B_j \times \left({Q}/{B}\right)_i\times DC_{ij}+Y_i+BA_i+E_i, $
式中,Bi为功能群i的生物量;Bj为功能群j的生物量;(P/B)i为生产量和生物量的比值,一般可以用功能群i的总死亡率来代替;(Q/B)i为消耗量和生物量的比值;EEi为功能群i的营养转换效率;DCij为功能群i摄食饵料j的比例;Yi为捕捞量;BAi为生物量累积;Ei为净迁移量。
本研究根据研究区域水生生物栖息水层和食性等生态学特征,将崇明岛周边海域生态系统划分为22个功能群。包括1个碎屑功能群(有机碎屑),1个初级生产者功能群(浮游植物),6个甲壳动物功能群,11个鱼类功能群,1个头足类功能群以及2个底栖生物功能群(表1)。
模型构建过程中,大部分功能群的生物量数据基于该海域的渔业资源调查资料,通过扫海面积法估算得到[22]。有机碎屑、浮游生物、底栖软体类以及小型底栖生物的生物量主要参考在研究海域及邻近区域的相关研究。本模型中不同功能群的P/BQ/B参数主要参考渔业数据库(Fishbase)、研究海域及邻近海域的相关研究,部分鱼类的Q/B值参考欧阳力剑和郭学武[23]对东、黄海主要鱼类Q/B值的估算结果。功能群捕捞量通过年捕捞死亡率进行估算[8]。各生物功能群的食性信息来自实验室内胃含物分析结果及已发表的摄食习性研究结果。本模型中,大部分功能群的生态营养转化效率均由模型估算得出。受调查渔具选择性的影响,一些小个体生物如其他海洋蟹类、小型鱼类及头足类等的生物量难以准确估算,故将其EE值设定为0.95,由模型根据物质平衡估算该功能群生物量[8]
将各功能群基本参数输入Rpath后,运行模型并对模型进行调试,使生态系统模型的输入和输出满足物质平衡条件和基本的生态学原理(如功能群估算EE < 1,大部分功能群P/Q值在0.1~0.35之间等)[9]。在模型调试过程中,检查并调整部分不恰当参数的值,优先对有较高不确定性的参数(如食物组成等)进行调整[8]。利用Pedigree指数评价数据和模型的整体质量,量化模型输入参数的不确定性[24],Pedigree指数越大表明模型参数的精确度越高。
本研究根据Rpath输出相关参数,参照生态网络分析指标计算方法[25],拓展和完善了基于R语言的Rpath生态网络分析指标计算程序,对生态系统总流量(Total System Throughput,TST)、净系统生产量(Net System Production, NSP)、总初级生产量/总呼吸量(Total Primary Production/Total Respiration,TPP/TR)、总初级生产量/总生物量(Total Primary Production/Total Biomass,TPP/TB)和系统杂食性指数(System Omnivory Index,SOI)等指标进行估算,并评价研究海域生态系统状况[8, 26]
本研究应用蒙特卡洛法分析了Rpath模型主要输入参数对模型输出结果的影响。首先设定不同的输入参数不确定性水平,每次随机从范围为 [(1 − 不确定性水平) × 原始输入值,(1 + 不确定性水平) × 原始输入值]的均匀分布中重新抽取模拟值代入模型,并估算对应的生态模型评估结果,该过程重复1 000次。由于输入参数的改变会导致生态模型的不平衡,因此只选择可以满足模型平衡条件的重抽样值进行后续分析。本研究选取TST、总生产量(Total Production,TP)、净初级生产量(Net Primary Production,NPP)、TPP/TR、TPP/TB为受影响的生态系统特征指标,共设定了3种不确定性水平(10%、20%、30%)。分别模拟了功能群的生物量、P/BQ/B的变化,通过生态系统模型总体特征值变化的相对偏差评估输入数据不确定性对模型结果的影响。公式为
$ RB = (Y_{\mathrm{estimate}}-Y_{\mathrm{true}})/Y_{\mathrm{true}}\times 100\text{%} ,$
式中,RB为相对偏差,表示估算值与真实值之间的相对偏离程度;Yestimate为估算值;Ytrue为真实值。
本研究的站位图使用Arcgis 10.2绘制,其余图件使用R语言 ggplot2程序包绘制[27],模型构建和数据分析使用Rpath程序包及R语言自编程序计算。
2020−2021年崇明岛周边海域各功能群营养级范围为1.00~4.32(图2),其中龙头鱼营养级最高,其次为底层肉食性鱼类(海洋型)和底栖肉食性鱼类(海洋型)。鱼类中营养级最低的为小型中上层鱼类(海洋型)(营养级约为3.19)。除绝大部分鱼类外,头足类、虾类、蟹类(除中华绒螯蟹外)、口虾蛄的营养级也高于3,属于次级消费者;第二营养级包括中华绒螯蟹、浮游动物、底栖软体类和小型底栖生物。
崇明岛周边海域生态系统模型中,所有功能群的EE值均小于1(表2),其中小型底栖生物EE值最低(0.01),其次为三疣梭子蟹(0.20)和浮游动物(0.26),其余功能群EE值均大于0.3。大多数鱼类、甲壳类以及头足类的EE值较其他功能群高,其中虾类最高(0.98)。从杂食性指数来看,各功能群的杂食性指数变化范围为0.01~0.52。小型底栖鱼类(海洋型)杂食性指数最高,其他功能群的杂食性指数值均低于0.5,其次为鲚属和中华绒螯蟹(0.36),底栖软体类的杂食性指数值最低(0.01)。
混合营养分析(图3)揭示了各功能群直接或间接的捕食或竞争关系,在崇明岛周边海域生态系统中,有机碎屑和浮游植物作为系统的初级生产者,对多数功能群起积极作用。底栖软体类也表现出相似的效应。大多数功能群对其捕食者会产生较为明显的积极影响,但对其饵料功能群会有直接的负面影响,如小型中上层鱼类(海洋型)生物量的增加对其主要捕食者龙头鱼有明显的积极影响,但是对其饵料生物如虾类、棘头梅童鱼等有负面影响。底层肉食性鱼类(海洋型)和小型底层鱼类(海洋型、淡水型)生物量的增加对多数功能群产生消极影响。一些功能群由于相似的食物组成,也呈现一定负面影响(如浮游动物与底栖软体类)。
崇明岛周边海域生态系统总流通量为2 909.42 t/(km2·a)(表3),其中流入碎屑的量占了系统总流通量的31.05%,为903.28 t/(km2·a);其次为系统总消耗量[866.14 t/(km2·a)],其规模占生态系统总流通量的29.77%。生态系统总净初级生产量(TPP)为1 120.00 t/(km2·a),远大于系统总呼吸量,使得TPP/TR的值为1.99,大于1。崇明岛周边海域生态系统共支撑的总生物量为14.83 t/(km2·a),每年产生的总生产量达到1 266.65 t/(km2·a),总捕捞量为0.002 7 t/(km2·a)。TPP/TB为75.50,系统杂食性指数为0.18。崇明岛周边海域生态系统营养流动主要通过碎屑食物链和牧食食物链进行,其中以浮游植物为基础营养来源的食物链贡献比例较高,60%的能量来自浮游植物,40%来自碎屑。
本研究Rpath模型Pedigree指数为0.573(表3)。参数不确定性分析表明(图4),随着输入参数的不确定性增加,模型主要输出指标的变化范围也会随之增加,但变化范围均小于输入参数本身的变化范围。从各输入参数的影响来看,功能群生物量的变化主要影响生态系统总流量、总生产量以及总净初级生产力等指标。而功能群的P/B值发生变化时,除以上指标外,生态系统的TPP/TB和TPP/TR也会发生一定的变化。功能群的Q/B值变化仅对生态系统的TPP/TR值产生一定的影响,而对其他指标几乎没有明显的影响。
本研究构建了崇明岛周边海域的Rpath生态系统模型,评估了该区域的生态系统营养结构及扰动程度。同长江口其他区域或时间的研究相比[16, 18, 2829],崇明岛周边海域生态系统的功能群营养结构表现出相似的特征。然而,崇明岛周边海域大部分功能群的EE值均较前人研究低[4, 16, 28]。各功能群的EE值反映了其在生态系统中通过被摄食或者捕捞而利用的效率,由于长江禁捕政策的实施,该海域的水生生物在2021年已没有捕捞压力的影响,因此本研究估算的生态系统各功能群EE值主要反映了其受到的捕食压力。以该海域的三疣梭子蟹为例,其EE值为0.34,其中2.47%由渔业捕捞组成,97.53%由捕食活动组成。同时,该生态系统中,一些非渔业目标种类如小型底栖生物的EE值也较低,说明其受到的捕食压力较小,大部分未被高营养级物种利用,表明该海域还有较多的营养生态位空间。
杂食性指数结果表明,崇明岛周边海域生态系统中,一些顶级捕食者的饵料生物过于集中,从而呈现了较低的杂食性指数值。例如龙头鱼主要以鱼类为主要饵料生物,在长江口海域周边的研究表明,龙头鱼主要摄食小黄鱼等鱼虾类[3031]。杂食性指数较高的为小型底栖鱼类(海洋型)和鲚属,反映了这些物种摄食的食物种类较为丰富,属于典型的机会主义捕食者[3233],这也是这些小型鱼类有更好环境适应能力的原因。
混合营养影响分析可以研究生态系统食物网中各功能群之间直接或间接的相互影响作用[12]。在崇明岛周边海域生态系统中,由捕食和竞争关系引起的影响效应最为普遍。浮游植物、浮游动物、小型底栖生物和底栖软体类作为生态系统中的常见饵料生物,对大多数功能群都有明显的积极影响。同时,这些功能群的EE值较低,这将在一定程度上促进它们的捕食者(如鱼类、虾蟹类等)生物量的未来增长。需要说明的是,混合营养分析仅评估了生态系统静止状态下的营养交互关系,忽略了在功能群生物量变化后的营养关系动态变化[8],并不能直接预测和量化各种类生物量的未来变化趋势。在不同的饵料生物和捕食者生物量情况下,物种可能调整或更改其摄食习性以更好地适应环境[30],这可能会导致未来的种间营养关系发生改变。
总体上看,崇明岛周边海域呈现出小规模、低稳定性以及食物网较为简单的特征,生态系统受外部扰动比较强烈。本研究表明,崇明岛周边海域生态系统总流通量为2 909.42 t/(km2·a),较西南黄海[3 997.26 t/(km2·a)][10]以及长江口海洋牧场示范区[4 961.29 t/(km2·a)][29]的研究结果低,并低于长江口2016年的研究结果[4 191.23 t/(km2·a)],说明该海域生态系统规模较小且较往年有所下降,在一定程度上反映了近年来连续高强度捕捞等人类活动对生态系统的影响[17]。净系统生产量是总初级产量(TPP)和总呼吸之间的差额,生态系统成熟度越高,净系统生产量的值越趋于0,TPP/TR的数值越接近1,说明没有多余的生产量可供系统再利用,系统成熟度越高[26]。2020−2021年崇明岛周边海域生态系统的TPP/TR值为1.99,略低于黄海生态系统研究结果(2.541)[10],说明该生态系统目前仍受到较大程度的扰动,系统稳定性相对较低。SOI是反映生态系统内部复杂程度的指标,食物网复杂程度越高,SOI值越接近1。崇明岛周边海域生态系统的SOI值仅为0.19,远低于长江口2016−2017年[17]的值(0.321),以上指标表明,虽然崇明岛周边海域生态系统的初级生产力较高,但食物网联系的复杂程度较低,功能群间联系相对不够紧密,生态系统稳定性较弱,在受到外界扰动时的恢复能力也较弱[26]
崇明岛周边海域生态系统模型的Pedigree指数为0.573,根据Morissette[34]对50个物质平衡模型的Pedigree指数的研究可知,40%的EwE模型的Pedigree指数介于0.20~0.39之间,48%的模型的Pedigree指数介于0.40~0.59之间。本研究构建的生态系统模型Pedigree指数处于相对较高的区间,反映了模型输入参数的质量。
本研究在Rpath基础上,实现了基于蒙特卡洛法的生态系统静态模型结果敏感性分析,结果表明:一方面,模型整体输出值的变化小于输入参数的变化范围,说明该生态模型的稳定性相对较高;另一方面,部分输入参数对生态系统模型的评估结果影响明显。例如生态系统规模主要体现在系统总生产量和总生物量等相关信息上[35],与功能群的生物量和P/B关系密切。因此功能群生物量和P/B直接影响着表征生态系统规模的指数(如TST/TP等),较准确的生物量和P/B值估计可以有效提高对生态系统规模的评估。
本研究在构建该模型时,大部分功能群的生物量值均来源于海域实地调查数据,保证了数据的质量。但受调查数据限制,功能群的P/B多参考以往模型构建惯例,选择了同海域或同纬度生态环境相似海域的研究中具有代表性的参数值。在未来应针对当地研究海域的生物总死亡率估算值进行深入分析。受篇幅限制,本研究仅分析了功能群的BP/BQ/B 3种参数分别产生不确定性的影响,在未来可以进一步研究生态系统模型构建过程中更多参数不确定性对评估结果的影响,以及不同参数不确定性的交互作用,进而指导更稳健和可信的生态系统模型构建。
长江口包括崇明岛周边海域在内,在我国渔业发展中扮演着极其重要的角色。本研究构建了禁捕第一年崇明岛周边海域Rpath模型并对模型结果进行分析发现,该海域2020−2021年的生态系统稳定性和成熟度较往年有所下降,食物网结构复杂性降低,易受到外界扰动的影响,高营养级还有较多的营养生态位空间,低营养级饵料基础丰富。本研究完善了Rpath对生态网络分析指标的计算,搭建了基于Rpath的参数不确定性分析框架,分析结果表明,功能群生物量是影响模型输出准确程度的主要指标,未来应加强基础数据的积累,构建更高质量的生态系统模型,以期更好地实现基于生态系统的渔业管理,最终实现渔业的可持续发展。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(41906074)
  • 上海市科委地方院校能力建设项目(21010502200)
  • 上海市农委科技兴农技术创新项目(沪农科创字2022第2-1号)
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2024年第46卷第1期
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doi: 10.12284/hyxb2024022
  • 接收时间:2023-05-30
  • 首发时间:2025-11-25
  • 出版时间:2024-01-31
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  • 收稿日期:2023-05-30
  • 修回日期:2023-10-30
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41906074)
上海市科委地方院校能力建设项目(21010502200)
上海市农委科技兴农技术创新项目(沪农科创字2022第2-1号)
作者信息
    1.上海海洋大学 海洋科学学院,上海 201306
    2.中国长江三峡集团有限公司,湖北 武汉 430010
    3.上海勘测设计研究院有限公司,上海 200126
    4.长江口水生生物监测与保护联合实验室,上海 201306
    5.上海市水生野生动植物保护研究中心,上海 200092

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*韩东燕,男,讲师,主要从事鱼类摄食生态及生态系统营养动力学研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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