Article(id=1200024644913820142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1200024643240292843, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12284/hyxb2024018, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1685289600000, receivedDateStr=2023-05-29, revisedDate=1697990400000, revisedDateStr=2023-10-23, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764037770726, onlineDateStr=2025-11-25, pubDate=1706630400000, pubDateStr=2024-01-31, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764037770726, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764037770726, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764037770726, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1200024643240292843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2024', volume='46', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='130', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=0, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764037770328, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764056122067, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200101616062923672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1200024643240292843, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200101616062923673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1200024643240292843, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=39, endPage=52, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200024645186449905, articleId=1200024644913820142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Exhibit covariation characteristics in the habitat changes of Sardinops melanostictus and Scomber japonicus in the northwestern Pacific Ocean under ENSO event, columnId=null, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The Sardinops melanostictus and the Scomber japonicus are important economic species in the northwestn Pacific Ocean, and exploring the correlation between their habitat changes is conducive to the rational development and management of fishery resources. This study utilizes fishery data of Sardinops melanostictus and Scomber japonicus in the northwestern Pacific Ocean from June to November between 2017 and 2021. By incorporating three key environmental variables, namely sea surface temperature, sea surface height, and chlorophyll a mass concentration, habitat models with different weights are constructed. The models are then validated using fishery data from 2021. The optimal models are selected to predict the most suitable habitat distribution of Sardinops melanostictus and Scomber japonicus under different El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. The study analyzes the differences and synchronicity in the spatial and temporal distribution of the most suitable habitat between the two species under different ENSO events. The results indicate that the suitable habitat area of Sardinops melanostictus (above 15%) was higher than that of Scomber japonicus (less than 6%) under different ENSO events; however, the growth rate of the most suitable habitat area for Sardinops melanostictus under La Niña events is higher than that of El Niño events. The former has a growth rate of 0.197 and the latter has a growth rate of 0.123, on the contrary, the growth rate of Scomber japonicus under the La Niña event is lower than that of El Niño event, the former has a growth rate of 1.114 and the latter has a growth rate of 2.082; additionally, when the distribution locations of Sardinops melanostictus and Scomber japonicus are close to each other, it promotes favorable conditions for their habitats. On the other hand, when the distribution locations are far apart, it somewhat inhibits the increase in the suitable habitat area for Scomber japonicus. The co-variation of suitable habitat areas for Sardinops melanostictus and Scomber japonicus under different ENSO events may be related to their interspecies relationship (competition/predation-prey) and the distribution of ocean currents in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.

, correspAuthors=Zhou Fang, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Haiyang Xuebao, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Siyuan Liu, Heng Zhang, Chao Yang, Zhou Fang), CN=ArticleExt(id=1200024646696399381, articleId=1200024644913820142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=ENSO事件下西北太平洋远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭栖息地协同变化特征, columnId=1149698756456657529, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

远东拟沙丁鱼(Sardinops melanostictus)和日本鲭(Scomber japonicus)是西北太平洋海域重要的关联经济物种,探究二者栖息地变动的关联性有利于合理开发和管理渔业资源。本研究利用2017−2021年6−11月西北太平洋海域远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭的渔业数据,结合海表面温度、海表面高度和叶绿素a质量浓度3个关键环境变量分别构建不同权重的栖息地模型,并利用2021年的渔业数据进行验证。选取最优模型预测不同厄尔尼诺与南方涛动(El Niño-Southern Oscillation, ENSO)事件下远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭的最适栖息地分布,分析二者在不同ENSO事件下最适栖息地时空分布的差异性和同步性。结果表明:在不同ENSO事件下远东拟沙丁鱼适宜生境面积(高于15%)均高于日本鲭适宜生境面积(低于6%);但远东拟沙丁鱼在拉尼娜事件下最适栖息地面积增长率高于厄尔尼诺事件,前者增长率为0.197,后者增长率为0.123,相反,日本鲭在拉尼娜事件下增长率低于厄尔尼诺事件,前者增长率为1.114,后者增长率为2.082;当远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭的分布位置接近时,会促进二者栖息地的适宜条件,当二者分布位置相距较远时会一定程度上抑制日本鲭栖息地面积的增加。远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭适宜面积在不同ENSO事件下协同变化特征可能与二者种间关系(竞争/捕食−被捕食)和西北太平洋海域海流分布情况有关。

, correspAuthors=方舟, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*方舟(1988—),男,副教授,研究方向为远洋渔业资源。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《海洋学报》编辑部 2024, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=Rw6mKAjnvH6TMoKHrgzeMg==, magXml=xVj7rDjNi7P16QS9rYEzyg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=QUUw7aKYmfNGpjz7P03NUA==, pdfFileSize=2489954, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=wJGVpAvZtKkjgN8lP/gmnw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=Yg2/1fR500Tu0/MO8MqYJw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

刘思源(2000—),男,河南省周口市人,主要从事渔业海洋学研究。E-mail:

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刘思源(2000—),男,河南省周口市人,主要从事渔业海洋学研究。E-mail:

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刘思源(2000—),男,河南省周口市人,主要从事渔业海洋学研究。E-mail:

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2. East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Shanghai 200090, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200091107989222053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644913820142, authorId=1200091107762729622, language=CN, stringName=杨超, firstName=超, middleName=null, lastName=杨, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.上海海洋大学 海洋生物资源与管理学院,上海 201306
2.中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,上海 200090, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200091106449912397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644913820142, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200091106462495311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644913820142, companyId=1200091106449912397, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. College of Marine Living Resource Sciences and Management, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200091106470883920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644913820142, companyId=1200091106449912397, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.上海海洋大学 海洋生物资源与管理学院,上海 201306)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200091106567352915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644913820142, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200091106575741524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644913820142, companyId=1200091106567352915, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Shanghai 200090, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200091106584130133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644913820142, companyId=1200091106567352915, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,上海 200090)])]), Author(id=1200091108102468266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644913820142, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=zfang@shou.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200091108236686007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644913820142, authorId=1200091108102468266, language=EN, stringName=Zhou Fang, firstName=Zhou, middleName=null, lastName=Fang, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 3, 4, 5, 6, *, address=1. College of Marine Living Resource Sciences and Management, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
3. The Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China
4. National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai 201306, China
5. Key Laboratory of Oceanic Fisheries Exploration, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China
6. Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Oceanic Fishery Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200091108362515133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644913820142, authorId=1200091108102468266, language=CN, stringName=方舟, firstName=舟, middleName=null, lastName=方, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 3, 4, 5, 6, *, address=1.上海海洋大学 海洋生物资源与管理学院,上海 201306
3.大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室,上海 201306
4.国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海 201306
5.农业农村部大洋渔业开发重点实验室,上海 201306
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language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Temporal and spatial distribution of sea surface temperature, sea surface height, and chlorophyll a mass concentration under different ENSO events, figureFileSmall=Vy49/ucX+4gAvCyGY3WO2Q==, figureFileBig=tsMu50iU0/P0w5WtulwXdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200091111734735629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644913820142, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同ENSO事件下海表面温度、海表面高度、叶绿素a质量浓度时空分布, figureFileSmall=Vy49/ucX+4gAvCyGY3WO2Q==, figureFileBig=tsMu50iU0/P0w5WtulwXdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200091111864759055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644913820142, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Temporal and spatial distributions habitat (HSI ≥ 0.6) of Sardinops melanostictus (a) and Scomber japonicus (b) in El Niño event (2018) and La Niña event (2021) from June to November, figureFileSmall=o4+HNjSaolp6AnSmtwqZWA==, figureFileBig=NYG+rx2kNgjM7JmfzE+8nA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200091111986393875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644913820142, language=CN, label=图4, caption=厄尔尼诺(2018年)和拉尼娜(2021年)事件下远东拟沙丁鱼(a)和日本鲭(b)6−11月适宜栖息地(HSI ≥ 0.6)时空分布, figureFileSmall=o4+HNjSaolp6AnSmtwqZWA==, figureFileBig=NYG+rx2kNgjM7JmfzE+8nA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200091112053502741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644913820142, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Optimal habitat center of gravity of Sardinops melanostictus and Scomber japonicus in El Niño event (2018) and La Niña event (2021), figureFileSmall=zXPaQGJucD1wJTAomgrrOw==, figureFileBig=V/XKzcjYmKFd6PvV2WL0Mw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200091112166748952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644913820142, language=CN, label=图5, caption=厄尔尼诺(2018年)和拉尼娜(2021年)事件下远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭最适栖息地重心, figureFileSmall=zXPaQGJucD1wJTAomgrrOw==, figureFileBig=V/XKzcjYmKFd6PvV2WL0Mw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200091112254829337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644913820142, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=The proportion of suitable habitat area (HSI ≥ 0.6) of Sardinops melanostictus and Scomber japonicus in EI Niño event (2018) and La Niña event (2021) from June to November, figureFileSmall=vaHI2tsMVjVGiLjfwNj40Q==, figureFileBig=vkTRulh/ukxV/Cf7bUWsOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200091112443573022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644913820142, language=CN, label=图6, caption=厄尔尼诺(2018年)和拉尼娜(2021年)事件下6−11月远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭适宜栖息地(HSI ≥ 0.6)面积占比, figureFileSmall=vaHI2tsMVjVGiLjfwNj40Q==, figureFileBig=vkTRulh/ukxV/Cf7bUWsOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200091112523264801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644913820142, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Average values of sea surface temperature, sea surface height and chlorophyll a mass concentration in the optimal habitats of Sardinops melanostictus and Scomber japonicus from June to November under different ENSO climate events, figureFileSmall=TxjGq7jibJvz3hl6obaHMQ==, figureFileBig=oZvYnOLhZgT2maQaEQgVAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200091112586179363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644913820142, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同ENSO气候事件下6−11月远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭最适栖息地中海表面温度、海表面高度、叶绿素a质量浓度均值, figureFileSmall=TxjGq7jibJvz3hl6obaHMQ==, figureFileBig=oZvYnOLhZgT2maQaEQgVAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200091112695231270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644913820142, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Model and validate sample sizes in fishery data

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物种 年份 样本量
6月 7月 8月 9月 10月 11月
远东拟沙丁鱼 2017 1 520 1 679 1 518 1 374 1 183 1 083
日本鲭 2017 1 616 1 686 1 538 1 311 1 095 1 078
远东拟沙丁鱼 2018 573 916 431 409 345 279
日本鲭 2018 1 681 1 653 1 068 1 047 721 471
远东拟沙丁鱼 2019 470 460 437 417 285 288
日本鲭 2019 510 543 518 439 339 298
远东拟沙丁鱼 2020 806 943 870 619 574 571
日本鲭 2020 636 773 643 534 731 647
远东拟沙丁鱼 2021 1 668 2 247 1 921 1 924 1 596 1 108
日本鲭 2021 886 810 316 374 633 497
), ArticleFig(id=1200091112808477480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644913820142, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

渔业数据中建模和验证样本量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物种 年份 样本量
6月 7月 8月 9月 10月 11月
远东拟沙丁鱼 2017 1 520 1 679 1 518 1 374 1 183 1 083
日本鲭 2017 1 616 1 686 1 538 1 311 1 095 1 078
远东拟沙丁鱼 2018 573 916 431 409 345 279
日本鲭 2018 1 681 1 653 1 068 1 047 721 471
远东拟沙丁鱼 2019 470 460 437 417 285 288
日本鲭 2019 510 543 518 439 339 298
远东拟沙丁鱼 2020 806 943 870 619 574 571
日本鲭 2020 636 773 643 534 731 647
远东拟沙丁鱼 2021 1 668 2 247 1 921 1 924 1 596 1 108
日本鲭 2021 886 810 316 374 633 497
), ArticleFig(id=1200091112930112301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644913820142, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Different scenarios for the weights of the key environment variables

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
不同权重方案海表面温度海表面高度叶绿素a质量浓度
方案一010
方案二001
方案三0.10.80.1
方案四0.10.10.8
方案五0.250.50.25
方案六0.250.250.5
方案七0.50.250.25
方案八0.3330.3330.333
方案九0.80.10.1
方案十100
), ArticleFig(id=1200091113072718638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644913820142, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同关键环境变量的不同权重方案

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
不同权重方案海表面温度海表面高度叶绿素a质量浓度
方案一010
方案二001
方案三0.10.80.1
方案四0.10.10.8
方案五0.250.50.25
方案六0.250.250.5
方案七0.50.250.25
方案八0.3330.3330.333
方案九0.80.10.1
方案十100
), ArticleFig(id=1200091113173381935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644913820142, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Fitting formula of SI models for Sardinops melanostictus and Scomber japonicus

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
月份 物种 SI 模型 R2 p
6月 远东拟沙丁鱼 SISST = exp[- 0.064 ×(XSST - 11.584)2] 0.795 <0.05
SIChl a = exp[- 33.686 ×(XChl a - 0.64)2] 0.966 <0.01
SISSH = exp[- 40.087 ×(XSSH - 0.237)2] 0.972 <0.01
日本鲭 SISST = exp[- 0.087 ×(XSST - 12.2)2] 0.795 <0.05
SIChl a = exp[- 141.335 ×(XChl a - 0.17)2] 0.902 <0.01
SISSH = exp[- 81.949 ×(XSSH - 0.228)2] 0.911 <0.01
7月 远东拟沙丁鱼 SISST = exp[- 0.069 ×(XSST - 16.429)2] 0.966 <0.01
SIChl a = exp[- 11.607 ×(XChl a - 0.267)2] 0.938 <0.01
SISSH = exp[- 54.679 ×(XSSH - 0.286)2] 0.976 <0.01
日本鲭 SISST = exp[- 0.069 ×(XSST - 15.658)2] 0.906 <0.01
SIChl a = exp[- 84.642 ×(XChl a - 0.195)2] 0.883 <0.05
SISSH = exp[- 66.081 ×(XSSH - 0.3)2] 0.961 <0.01
8月 远东拟沙丁鱼 SISST = exp[- 0.052 ×(XSST - 18.194)2] 0.987 <0.01
SIChl a = exp[- 204.505 ×(XChl a - 0.113)2] 0.890 <0.01
SISSH = exp[- 34.281 ×(XSSH - 0.303)2] 0.958 <0.01
日本鲭 SISST = exp[- 0.053 ×(XSST - 18.195)2] 0.957 <0.01
SIChl a = exp[- 51.625 ×(XChl a - 0.233)2] 0.926 <0.01
SISSH = exp[- 48.229 ×(XSSH - 0.297)2] 0.981 <0.01
9月 远东拟沙丁鱼 SISST = exp[- 0.053 ×(XSST - 15.85)2] 0.775 <0.05
SIChl a = exp[- 16.853 ×(XChl a - 0.096)2] 0.949 <0.01
SISSH = exp[- 87.937 ×(XSSH - 0.293)2] 0.918 <0.01
日本鲭 SISST = exp[- 0.027 ×(XSST - 17.05)2] 0.880 <0.01
SIChl a = exp[- 44.535 ×(XChl a - 0.294)2] 0.961 <0.01
SISSH = exp[- 30.036 ×(XSSH - 0.301)2] 0.919 <0.01
10月 远东拟沙丁鱼 SISST = exp[- 0.121 ×(XSST - 13.352)2] 0.875 <0.05
SIChl a = exp[- 83.825 ×(XChl a - 0.271)2] 0.981 <0.01
SISSH = exp[- 59.476 ×(XSSH - 0.318)2] 0.922 <0.01
日本鲭 SISST = exp[- 0.115 ×(XSST - 12.985)2] 0.944 <0.01
SIChl a = exp[- 45.493 ×(XChl a - 0.277)2] 0.833 <0.01
SISSH = exp[- 67.404 ×(XSSH - 0.313)2] 0.965 <0.01
11月 远东拟沙丁鱼 SISST = exp[- 0.158 ×(XSST - 10.131)2] 0.709 <0.05
SIChl a = exp[- 180.099 ×(XChl a - 0.392)2] 0.983 <0.01
SISSH = exp[- 65.196 ×(XSSH - 0.317)2] 0.857 <0.05
日本鲭 SISST = exp[- 0.136 ×(XSST - 10.817)2] 0.735 <0.01
SIChl a = exp[- 135.492 ×(XChl a - 0.19)2] 0.852 <0.01
SISSH = exp[- 54.85 ×(XSSH - 0.326)2] 0.878 <0.05
), ArticleFig(id=1200091113274045238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644913820142, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭SI模型拟合公式

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
月份 物种 SI 模型 R2 p
6月 远东拟沙丁鱼 SISST = exp[- 0.064 ×(XSST - 11.584)2] 0.795 <0.05
SIChl a = exp[- 33.686 ×(XChl a - 0.64)2] 0.966 <0.01
SISSH = exp[- 40.087 ×(XSSH - 0.237)2] 0.972 <0.01
日本鲭 SISST = exp[- 0.087 ×(XSST - 12.2)2] 0.795 <0.05
SIChl a = exp[- 141.335 ×(XChl a - 0.17)2] 0.902 <0.01
SISSH = exp[- 81.949 ×(XSSH - 0.228)2] 0.911 <0.01
7月 远东拟沙丁鱼 SISST = exp[- 0.069 ×(XSST - 16.429)2] 0.966 <0.01
SIChl a = exp[- 11.607 ×(XChl a - 0.267)2] 0.938 <0.01
SISSH = exp[- 54.679 ×(XSSH - 0.286)2] 0.976 <0.01
日本鲭 SISST = exp[- 0.069 ×(XSST - 15.658)2] 0.906 <0.01
SIChl a = exp[- 84.642 ×(XChl a - 0.195)2] 0.883 <0.05
SISSH = exp[- 66.081 ×(XSSH - 0.3)2] 0.961 <0.01
8月 远东拟沙丁鱼 SISST = exp[- 0.052 ×(XSST - 18.194)2] 0.987 <0.01
SIChl a = exp[- 204.505 ×(XChl a - 0.113)2] 0.890 <0.01
SISSH = exp[- 34.281 ×(XSSH - 0.303)2] 0.958 <0.01
日本鲭 SISST = exp[- 0.053 ×(XSST - 18.195)2] 0.957 <0.01
SIChl a = exp[- 51.625 ×(XChl a - 0.233)2] 0.926 <0.01
SISSH = exp[- 48.229 ×(XSSH - 0.297)2] 0.981 <0.01
9月 远东拟沙丁鱼 SISST = exp[- 0.053 ×(XSST - 15.85)2] 0.775 <0.05
SIChl a = exp[- 16.853 ×(XChl a - 0.096)2] 0.949 <0.01
SISSH = exp[- 87.937 ×(XSSH - 0.293)2] 0.918 <0.01
日本鲭 SISST = exp[- 0.027 ×(XSST - 17.05)2] 0.880 <0.01
SIChl a = exp[- 44.535 ×(XChl a - 0.294)2] 0.961 <0.01
SISSH = exp[- 30.036 ×(XSSH - 0.301)2] 0.919 <0.01
10月 远东拟沙丁鱼 SISST = exp[- 0.121 ×(XSST - 13.352)2] 0.875 <0.05
SIChl a = exp[- 83.825 ×(XChl a - 0.271)2] 0.981 <0.01
SISSH = exp[- 59.476 ×(XSSH - 0.318)2] 0.922 <0.01
日本鲭 SISST = exp[- 0.115 ×(XSST - 12.985)2] 0.944 <0.01
SIChl a = exp[- 45.493 ×(XChl a - 0.277)2] 0.833 <0.01
SISSH = exp[- 67.404 ×(XSSH - 0.313)2] 0.965 <0.01
11月 远东拟沙丁鱼 SISST = exp[- 0.158 ×(XSST - 10.131)2] 0.709 <0.05
SIChl a = exp[- 180.099 ×(XChl a - 0.392)2] 0.983 <0.01
SISSH = exp[- 65.196 ×(XSSH - 0.317)2] 0.857 <0.05
日本鲭 SISST = exp[- 0.136 ×(XSST - 10.817)2] 0.735 <0.01
SIChl a = exp[- 135.492 ×(XChl a - 0.19)2] 0.852 <0.01
SISSH = exp[- 54.85 ×(XSSH - 0.326)2] 0.878 <0.05
), ArticleFig(id=1200091113378902838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644913820142, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

The growth rate of suitable habitat area (HSI ≥ 0.6) of Sardinops melanostictus and Scomber japonicus in El Ni-o event (2018) and La Ni-a event (2021) from June to November

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物种 气候事件 7月 8月 9月 10月 11月 均值
远东拟沙丁鱼 El Ni-o 0.170 0.257 0.205 -0.004 -0.012 0.123
La Ni-a 0.984 0.210 0.080 -0.357 0.067 0.197
日本鲭 El Ni-o 9.041 0.291 1.240 -0.470 0.309 2.082
La Ni-a 0.485 0.052 2.826 -0.830 3.038 1.114
), ArticleFig(id=1200091113479566139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644913820142, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

厄尔尼诺(2018年)和拉尼娜(2021年)事件下6-11月远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭各月适宜栖息地(HSI≥0.6)面积增长率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物种 气候事件 7月 8月 9月 10月 11月 均值
远东拟沙丁鱼 El Ni-o 0.170 0.257 0.205 -0.004 -0.012 0.123
La Ni-a 0.984 0.210 0.080 -0.357 0.067 0.197
日本鲭 El Ni-o 9.041 0.291 1.240 -0.470 0.309 2.082
La Ni-a 0.485 0.052 2.826 -0.830 3.038 1.114
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ENSO事件下西北太平洋远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭栖息地协同变化特征
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刘思源 1 , 张衡 2 , 杨超 1, 2 , 方舟 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, *
海洋学报 | 论文 2024,46(1): 39-52
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海洋学报 | 论文 2024, 46(1): 39-52
ENSO事件下西北太平洋远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭栖息地协同变化特征
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刘思源1 , 张衡2, 杨超1, 2, 方舟1, 3, 4, 5, 6, *
作者信息
  • 1.上海海洋大学 海洋生物资源与管理学院,上海 201306
  • 2.中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,上海 200090
  • 3.大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室,上海 201306
  • 4.国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海 201306
  • 5.农业农村部大洋渔业开发重点实验室,上海 201306
  • 6.农业农村部大洋渔业资源环境科学观测实验站,上海 201306
  • 刘思源(2000—),男,河南省周口市人,主要从事渔业海洋学研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*方舟(1988—),男,副教授,研究方向为远洋渔业资源。E-mail:
Exhibit covariation characteristics in the habitat changes of Sardinops melanostictus and Scomber japonicus in the northwestern Pacific Ocean under ENSO event
Siyuan Liu1 , Heng Zhang2, Chao Yang1, 2, Zhou Fang1, 3, 4, 5, 6, *
Affiliations
  • 1. College of Marine Living Resource Sciences and Management, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
  • 2. East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Shanghai 200090, China
  • 3. The Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China
  • 4. National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai 201306, China
  • 5. Key Laboratory of Oceanic Fisheries Exploration, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China
  • 6. Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Oceanic Fishery Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China
出版时间: 2024-01-31 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2024018
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远东拟沙丁鱼(Sardinops melanostictus)和日本鲭(Scomber japonicus)是西北太平洋海域重要的关联经济物种,探究二者栖息地变动的关联性有利于合理开发和管理渔业资源。本研究利用2017−2021年6−11月西北太平洋海域远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭的渔业数据,结合海表面温度、海表面高度和叶绿素a质量浓度3个关键环境变量分别构建不同权重的栖息地模型,并利用2021年的渔业数据进行验证。选取最优模型预测不同厄尔尼诺与南方涛动(El Niño-Southern Oscillation, ENSO)事件下远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭的最适栖息地分布,分析二者在不同ENSO事件下最适栖息地时空分布的差异性和同步性。结果表明:在不同ENSO事件下远东拟沙丁鱼适宜生境面积(高于15%)均高于日本鲭适宜生境面积(低于6%);但远东拟沙丁鱼在拉尼娜事件下最适栖息地面积增长率高于厄尔尼诺事件,前者增长率为0.197,后者增长率为0.123,相反,日本鲭在拉尼娜事件下增长率低于厄尔尼诺事件,前者增长率为1.114,后者增长率为2.082;当远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭的分布位置接近时,会促进二者栖息地的适宜条件,当二者分布位置相距较远时会一定程度上抑制日本鲭栖息地面积的增加。远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭适宜面积在不同ENSO事件下协同变化特征可能与二者种间关系(竞争/捕食−被捕食)和西北太平洋海域海流分布情况有关。

远东拟沙丁鱼  /  日本鲭  /  西北太平洋  /  厄尔尼诺  /  拉尼娜  /  栖息地

The Sardinops melanostictus and the Scomber japonicus are important economic species in the northwestn Pacific Ocean, and exploring the correlation between their habitat changes is conducive to the rational development and management of fishery resources. This study utilizes fishery data of Sardinops melanostictus and Scomber japonicus in the northwestern Pacific Ocean from June to November between 2017 and 2021. By incorporating three key environmental variables, namely sea surface temperature, sea surface height, and chlorophyll a mass concentration, habitat models with different weights are constructed. The models are then validated using fishery data from 2021. The optimal models are selected to predict the most suitable habitat distribution of Sardinops melanostictus and Scomber japonicus under different El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. The study analyzes the differences and synchronicity in the spatial and temporal distribution of the most suitable habitat between the two species under different ENSO events. The results indicate that the suitable habitat area of Sardinops melanostictus (above 15%) was higher than that of Scomber japonicus (less than 6%) under different ENSO events; however, the growth rate of the most suitable habitat area for Sardinops melanostictus under La Niña events is higher than that of El Niño events. The former has a growth rate of 0.197 and the latter has a growth rate of 0.123, on the contrary, the growth rate of Scomber japonicus under the La Niña event is lower than that of El Niño event, the former has a growth rate of 1.114 and the latter has a growth rate of 2.082; additionally, when the distribution locations of Sardinops melanostictus and Scomber japonicus are close to each other, it promotes favorable conditions for their habitats. On the other hand, when the distribution locations are far apart, it somewhat inhibits the increase in the suitable habitat area for Scomber japonicus. The co-variation of suitable habitat areas for Sardinops melanostictus and Scomber japonicus under different ENSO events may be related to their interspecies relationship (competition/predation-prey) and the distribution of ocean currents in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.

Sardinops melanostictus  /  Scomber japonicus  /  northwestern Pacific Ocean  /  El Niño  /  La Niña  /  habitat area
刘思源, 张衡, 杨超, 方舟. ENSO事件下西北太平洋远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭栖息地协同变化特征. 海洋学报, 2024 , 46 (1) : 39 -52 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2024018
Siyuan Liu, Heng Zhang, Chao Yang, Zhou Fang. Exhibit covariation characteristics in the habitat changes of Sardinops melanostictus and Scomber japonicus in the northwestern Pacific Ocean under ENSO event[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2024 , 46 (1) : 39 -52 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2024018
在全球海洋范围内,不同时间尺度下气候和海洋环境的变化会导致同海域或跨海域的物种资源丰度或分布发生改变,该机制在对环境变化更为敏感的中小型上层鱼类群体中更为突出[1]。在局部生态系统中,优势物种的丰度或分布发生变化会引发其他单个或多个物种资源量和分布的联动机制[2]。作为西北太平洋的主要经济鱼种,远东拟沙丁鱼(Sardinops melanostictus)和日本鲭(Scomber japonicus)同属小型中上层鱼类,生长速度快,集群性高,二者栖息地呈交错状分布;更为重要的是,两种鱼类的资源量面对不同尺度气候环境变化时均会呈现显著的年间或月间差异,并在过去的70年中呈现年代际性交替变化[3]。根据北太平洋渔业委员会(The North Pacific Fisheries Commission, NPFC)统计,西北太平洋海域远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭在年产量变化上呈现相反趋势[3]。Hiyama等[4]通过回归分析法发现,在暖温年份中日本鲭栖息地面积易受到远东拟沙丁鱼的抑制。产生上述现象的原因与厄尔尼诺与南方涛动(El Niño-Southern Oscillation,ENSO)事件密不可分,ENSO事件是太平洋表温异常波动的主导因素,其具有年际变动周期,是引起太平洋海域(如东太平洋洪堡洋流系统[5])鱼类栖息地变动的主要原因之一[6]。已有研究指出,西北太平洋海域远东拟沙丁鱼产量在拉尼娜年份的月增长率要高于厄尔尼诺年份[7],日本鲭在厄尔尼诺事件由弱到强的过程中,其产量呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势[7]。由此可以推测,ENSO事件对远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭潜在资源量会产生影响,但二者生境在不同ENSO事件下的变化是否具有相关关系,即此关联物种的栖息地对ENSO事件的响应是否具有关联性以及物种之间栖息地变动关系如何尚不可知。
由于小型中上层鱼类对环境变化较为敏感且洄游路线复杂的特点,目前国内外用于预测小型中上层鱼类潜在栖息地分布的模型主要为广义加性模型(Generalized Additive Model, GAM)[8]、最大熵模型(Maximum Entropy Model, MaxEnt)[9]、生态位模型(Ecological Niche Model,ENM)[10]以及栖息地适宜性指数(Habitat Suitability Index, HSI)模型[6] 4种。其中,栖息地适宜性指数模型具有对关键环境因子的适应性进行量化评估、对潜在栖息地适宜性进行可视化预测以及对环境变量相互影响造成的误差进行校正等优点,在对生物适宜栖息地预测方面更具优势[6, 810]。综上,本研究基于渔业数据和海洋环境数据建立最优栖息地指数模型,并结合气候指数,对比分析在不同ENSO事件下西北太平洋公海海域远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭栖息地变化特征,评估二者生境分布的相关性,分析二者栖息地对异常气候事件响应的差异性和关联性,为合理开发和管理远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭资源提供科学依据。
渔业数据由中国远洋渔业协会公海围拖网渔业技术组提供,数据时间范围为2017−2021年各年的6−11月(表1),作业范围为34°~45°N,145°~163°E,该数据包括远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭灯光围网作业捕捞位置经纬度、捕捞时间(年、月、日)和捕捞量(单位:t)。首先将渔业数据中各年的捕捞位置经纬度以月为单位,按空间分辨率为0.25° × 0.25°进行预处理。
根据以往研究表明,海表面温度(Sea Surface Temperature,SST)、海表面高度(Sea Surface Height,SSH)、叶绿素a质量浓度(Chlorophyll a mass concentration,Chl a)对远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭资源丰度和时空分布影响显著[11]。因此,本研究选取SST、SSH、Chl a 3种环境因子作为关键环境因子,其中SST、SSH环境数据来源为亚太数据研究中心(http://apdrc.soest.hawaii.edu/las_ofes/v6/dataset?catitem=71),Chl a环境数据来源于哥白尼海洋服务中心(https://marine.copernicus.eu/)。时间范围为1992−2021年6−11月,空间分布范围为30°~47°N,140°~165°E。为了与渔业数据相统一,将上述环境均处理为空间分辨率为0.25° × 0.25°。
本研究主要分析西北太平洋远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭栖息地对厄尔尼诺(El Niño)事件和拉尼娜(La Niña)事件的响应关系,ENSO事件的强弱程度根据海洋尼诺指数(Oceanic Niño Index, ONI)来表征,尼诺指数通过Niño 3.4区(5°S~5°N,120°~170°W)海表温度距平值(Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly, SSTA)来获取,其数据来自美国国家海洋和大气管理局(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA)(https://origin.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/ensostuff/ONI_v5.php)。
单因子的适宜性指数(Suitability Index, SI)用来定量描述生物对环境变量的偏好程度[12]。在以往研究中发现,利用捕捞努力量(Effort)作为验证模型准确度的指标可以有效避免网具、渔业技术、人为因素造成的误差[13]。因此,本研究采用捕捞努力量作为构建SI模型的唯一指标。
利用2017−2020年各年的6−11月的渔业数据分别构建远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭的单因子适宜性指数模型,并用2021年6−11月远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭的渔业数据对模型进行验证。定义经纬度0.25° × 0.25°为一个渔区,捕捞努力量为作业天数。依据远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭捕捞努力量在各渔区环境变量不同范围内出现的频率情况,计算单因子的适宜性指数,定义最高捕捞努力量的渔区为远东拟沙丁鱼或日本鲭资源丰度最高的海域,对应SI值为1,而捕捞努力量为0时,对应SI为0。计算公式[5]
$ \mathrm{S}\mathrm{I}={\mathrm{E}\mathrm{f}\mathrm{f}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{t}}_{i}/{\mathrm{E}\mathrm{f}\mathrm{f}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{t}}_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}} \text{,} $
式中,Efforti为关键环境变量第i区间内总捕捞努力量;Effortmax为关键环境变量渔区内最大捕捞努力量。
利用最小二乘法将SI与各关键环境变量分段区值进行拟合SI模型,拟合公式[14]
$ {\mathrm{S}\mathrm{I}}_{X}=\mathrm{e}\mathrm{x}\mathrm{p}\left[{a(K-b)}^{2}\right]\text{,} $
式中,SIX为各关键环境变量的SI(0~1);a、b为最小二乘法估计的模型参数;K为各渔区内关键环境变量值。
算数加权法构建的栖息地模型能够有效考量各环境变量对物种潜在分布的影响程度,使预测结果具有科学性和准确性[1516]。因此,本研究基于算数加权法分别赋予各关键环境变量不同权重构建综合栖息地模型[17],关键环境变量权重总和相加为1,综合SST、SSH、Chl a建立远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭的栖息地适宜性指数(HSI)模型(表2),HSI值计算公式为
$ \mathrm{HSI}={K}_{\mathrm{SST}}\times {\mathrm{SI}}_{\mathrm{SST}}+{K}_{\mathrm{SSH}}\times {\mathrm{SI}}_{\mathrm{SSH}}+{K}_{\mathrm{Chl}\;a}\times {\mathrm{SI}}_{\mathrm{Chl}\;a} $
式中,KSST、KSSH、KChl a分别为SST、SSH、Chl a的SI值权重;SISST、SISSH、SIChl a分别为SST、SSH、Chl a的SI值。
(1)构建10种不同权重方案的HSI模型,并将HSI值划分为0~0.2、0.2~0.4、0.4~0.6、0.6~0.8、0.8~1.0共5个区间[18],分别统计各区间内远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭产量和捕捞努力量,将10种不同权重方案进行对比,根据整体上HSI值越高捕捞努力量和产量的比例越大的原则,筛选出远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭最优HSI模型。
(2)将2021年6−11月的远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭捕捞努力量与筛选出的远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭的最优HSI模型进行匹配验证,绘制HSI−Effort叠加分布图,对比远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭的实际捕捞位置是否符合预测出的适宜栖息地分布位置,以此来验证综合栖息地结果的可靠性。
绘制厄尔尼诺(以2018年为例)和拉尼娜(以2021年为例)事件下SST、Chl a、SSH的环境时空分布图,以此来分析不同ENSO事件下关键环境变量的变化差异。同时根据筛选出的最优模型,预测2018年(厄尔尼诺年)和2021年(拉尼娜年)的远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭最适栖息地,并进行对比,绘制远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭的最适栖息地分布图;计算远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭渔场实际重心和最适栖息地重心;统计最优栖息地(HSI ≥ 0.6)在研究区域中所占的比例;判断二者在不同ENSO事件下最适栖息地时空变化的差异和关联。最适栖息地重心计算公式[11]
$ {\rm{LONG}}_{\rm{HSI}}=\sum\limits_{i\;=\;1}^{k}X_i\times {\rm{HSI}}_i \bigr/ \sum\limits_{i\;=\;1}^{k}{\rm{HSI}}_i\text{,}\bigr. $
$ {\rm{LATG}}_{\rm{HSI}}=\sum\limits_{i\;=\;1}^{k}Y_i\times {\rm{HSI}}_i \bigr/ \sum\limits_{i\;=\;1}^{k}{\rm{HSI}}_i\text{,}\bigr. $
式中,LONGHSI、LATGHSI分别表示最适HSI经度、最适HSI纬度;i表示第i个作业站点;k表示作业站点总数;X代表捕捞位置经度;Y代表捕捞位置纬度。
通过最小二乘法拟合远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭关键环境变量(SST、Chl a、SSH)适宜性指数(SI)曲线结果见图1,拟合公式见表3。对构建的SI曲线进行显著性检验,发现远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭各月捕捞努力量与SST、Chl a、SSH均具有较强的相关性(R2 > 0.700),且显著相关(p < 0.05)。
根据不同权重设立的10种栖息地模型(表2),通过对比产量和捕捞努力量在HSI区间中占比发现,远东拟沙丁鱼的最适栖息地模型为方案九,关键环境因子权重比为SST∶SSH∶Chl a = 0.8∶0.1∶0.1,在此模型下,远东拟沙丁鱼在划分的5个HSI区间0~0.2、0.2~0.4、0.4~0.6、0.6~0.8、0.8~1.0内捕捞努力量(单位:d)分别为2 787、2 795、3 578、5 869、5 597,对应的产量(单位:kt)分别为28.8、29.3、38.0、61.6、54.5。日本鲭的最适栖息地模型为方案八,关键环境因子权重比为SST∶SSH∶Chl a = 0.333∶0.333∶0.333,在此模型下,日本鲭在划分的5个HSI区间0~0.2、0.2~0.4、0.4~0.6、0.6~0.8、0.8~1.0内捕捞努力量(单位:d)分别为620、2 992、5 852、9 198、5 649,对应的产量(单位:kt)分别为6.9、34.1、67.9、110.0、65.0。
选择2021年6−11月的远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭渔业数据对2.2节中确定的模型进行验证并绘制栖息地分布图(图2)。结果发现,远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭6−11月作业站点基本分布于最适栖息地范围内,高捕捞努力量(Effort ≥ 20 d)的位置多集中于HSI ≥ 0.6的区域。远东拟沙丁鱼各月捕捞努力量在最适栖息地(HSI ≥ 0.6)中占比均高于70%,在4−6月更是达到90%以上。日本鲭各月捕捞努力量在最适栖息地(HSI ≥ 0.6)中占比均高于50%,在10−11月达到70%以上。从整体来看,远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭产量和捕捞努力量在不同HSI区间中所占比例均与HSI的大小成正比。因此,本文基于方案九建立的远东拟沙丁鱼的最适栖息地模型以及基于方案八建立的日本鲭最适栖息地模型均能较好地评估和预测二者的栖息地情况。
SST、SSH、Chl a在厄尔尼诺(以2018年为例)和拉尼娜(以2021年为例)事件下时空分布如图3所示。整体来看,西北太平洋海域的SST、SSH、Chl a 3种关键环境变量在拉尼娜事件和厄尔尼诺事件下的时空分布均具有差异性。与厄尔尼诺事件相比,Chl a在拉尼娜年差异性显著,质量浓度整体偏高。空间上,Chl a在拉尼娜年呈现由东北向西南递减的趋势,高Chl a(0.4~1.2 mg/m3)区域主要集中在39°~47°N,142°~152°E之间的海域,而厄尔尼诺年Chl a全域基本维持在0.13 mg/m3;SSH和SST在拉尼娜和厄尔尼诺事件下时空分布差异较小,但二者的环境波动范围均是厄尔尼诺年大于拉尼娜年,在拉尼娜年SSH和SST的波动范围分别集中在1.09~1.46 m和23.54~25.56℃;在厄尔尼诺年,SSH和SST的波动范围分别集中在0.87~1.48 m和23.72~26.40℃。
远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭最适栖息地(HSI ≥ 0.6)时空分布如图4所示,整体上二者在拉尼娜或厄尔尼诺事件下的栖息地分布均具有显著性差异,随着月份的增加,二者最适栖息地均有向东北方向移动的趋势。在厄尔尼诺事件下,远东拟沙丁鱼在7月、10月、11月局部栖息地HSI可达0.9以上,分别集中于142°~157°E、147°~157°E、143°~152°E和160°E以东海域,而日本鲭只有在9月才有极少区域HSI达到0.9,且6月日本鲭几乎没有最适栖息地(HSI ≥ 0.6)分布。在拉尼娜事件下,远东拟沙丁鱼适宜栖息地纬度上向北延伸至47°N,经度上向东延伸至165°E,其中在7月、9月、10月均有HSI ≥ 0.9的栖息地分布,主要集中在152°E以东海域,而日本鲭在6−11月最适栖息地在经度上呈现离散型分布,其整体为东西狭长,南北较窄的“一”字型,主要集中在42°~44°N,142°~162°E。
结合远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭最适栖息地重心、面积占比、面积增长率(图5图6表4)来看,远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭在不同ENSO事件下,栖息地变动具有一定关联性。在厄尔尼诺事件下,当日本鲭最适栖息地重心接近远东拟沙丁鱼最适栖息地重心时(6−9月),二者最适栖息地面积均会增加,前者最适栖息地面积增加比例为10.3%,后者为13.3%,呈现同步性。但当二者栖息重心移动方向相反时(9−10月),日本鲭最适栖息地面积比例降低5%,而远东拟沙丁鱼最适栖息地面积基本不变。在拉尼娜事件下,远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭各月最适栖息地重心相差较远,相比厄尔尼诺事件发生时,此时前者最适栖息地面积要远远高于后者,但当二者最适栖息地重心运动轨迹发生交叉时(8−9月、10−11月),日本鲭最适栖息地分别扩张5.8%和4.7%。此外,从表4可以发现,远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭最适栖息地面积变化速率在不同ENSO事件下表现不同,前者在厄尔尼诺事件最适栖息地面积增长速率为0.123,低于拉尼娜事件的0.197;而日本鲭与此相反,厄尔尼诺事件下增长速率为2.082,高于拉尼娜事件下的1.114。综上,本文发现在异常气候事件下,当远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭的分布位置接近时,会提升二者栖息地的适宜条件,当二者分布相距较远时则会对日本鲭的栖息造成一定影响。此外,远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭最适栖息地变化速率因ENSO事件的不同而表现出不同形式,即前者厄尔尼诺事件慢、拉尼娜事件快;后者厄尔尼诺事件快、拉尼娜事件慢。
远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭主要栖息于西北太平洋的中上层,因此表层的环境因子对其分布影响较大,本文日本鲭最优模型关键环境因子权重比为SST∶SSH∶Chl a = 0.333∶0.333∶0.333;远东拟沙丁鱼最优模型关键环境因子权重比为SST∶SSH∶Chl a = 0.8∶0.1∶0.1。戴澍蔚等[19]利用GAM对西北太平洋日本鲭渔场特征进行拟合,认为39°~43°N、147°~154°E为日本鲭的主要渔场,推测SST和Chl a是日本鲭渔场最主要环境因子,且二者占比和在70%以上。王良明等[20]认为日本鲭资源丰度与水文垂直结构和海表面高度密不可分,但其影响程度并未做定量分析。武胜男和陈新军[21]基于GLM和GAM对太平洋日本鲭亲体补充量影响因子进行分析,发现单因子对亲体补充量的影响程度依次为盐度(SSS)(R2 = 0.646)、SST(R2 = 0.403)、SSH(R2 = 0.381)。综合以往研究发现,西北太平洋海域日本鲭的关键环境因子SST、SSH、Chl a重要性基本趋于一致,但影响程度因选取的环境因子不同而具有一定差异。本研究结果认为,SST、SSH、Chl a权重相等时,其栖息地预测效果最好。Yang等[22]发现,西北太平洋海域远东拟沙丁鱼资源量和渔场受SST影响最深,而盐度、海表面高度、叶绿素a质量浓度影响较小,这与本文筛选后的最优权重较为一致。本文根据最优权重建立最适栖息地模型,并对结果进行验证(图2)发现,2021年远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭的实际捕捞努力量主要集中在HSI ≥ 0.6的区域,极少分布在HSI ≤ 0.2区域,符合最适栖息地模型预测的基本原则[23],故本研究建立的远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭各月最优栖息地模型能够满足对二者潜在栖息分布的预测。
ENSO事件会影响西北太平洋海域北部和南部海温之间发生正负相关演变,同时黑潮和亲潮海域是西北太平洋发生拉尼娜事件和厄尔尼诺事件的主要区域,海水性质受到大洋海水的影响,出现海表面温度连续性或阶段性的异常升高(降低)或海表面高度升高(降低)的现象[24]。故本研究分析了主要影响远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭栖息地的3个关键环境因子(SST、SSH、Chl a)在不同事件下的差异(图7)。Kaneko等[25]发现在西北太平洋海域Chl a在异常气候事件在拉尼娜事件升高且爆发时间较早,厄尔尼诺事件降低且爆发时间较晚。这与本文中叶绿素a质量浓度在拉尼娜事件下要远高于厄尔尼诺事件下的现象相符。有学者指出太平洋褶柔鱼(Todarodes pacificus)的最适栖息地向东南方向位移的原因是由于SST由西北向东南、由北向南的异常增高的空间变化[26],周茉等[27]也发现西北太平洋柔鱼(Ommastrephes bartramii)栖息地在拉尼娜事件下最适SST均值及正值在空间上的分布面积均显著高于厄尔尼诺事件。上述结果中对SST的空间变化与本研究结果一致,但其对SST波动范围的判断与本研究得出的结果(SST在异常气候下变化不大)并不一致,推测结果不同原因有二点:一是由于研究年份中存在“双拉尼娜事件” (即连续两年发生拉尼娜事件)使得海表温度持续降低,导致栖息地内环境变化更为复杂[8];二是鱼类相比头足类而言,昼夜垂直洄游的特点相对较弱,更易使栖息地发生位移[28]。此外,本研究发现远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭最适栖息地在厄尔尼诺事件下SSH要高于在拉尼娜事件,原因可能是在导致厄尔尼诺事件中,局部区域中更易出现中小尺度的涡旋、海冰融化、异常降雨,进而引发局部区域海表面高度上升(或下降),导致栖息地改变[29]
作为西北太平洋主要的小型中上层长距离洄游型鱼类,远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭的产卵场分布、洄游路线、最适栖息地条件多有相似之处[3]。二者种群规模程度多依赖物种补充量的大小,而物种补充量又依赖栖息地的环境条件,在一定程度的营养代谢和母体效应的前提下,环境因素和种间因素对种群栖息地变化的影响存在高度的可变性和复杂性[10, 30]。Gkanaso等[31]在研究地中海环境对鳀鱼和远东拟沙丁鱼的生命周期的影响中采用IPCC气候情景模拟二者空间分布发现,二者分布区域高度重合,当鳀鱼(Engraulis japonicus)的生物量上升时,在短时间内会促进远东拟沙丁鱼栖息地的扩张,但当二者资源量在共生区域趋于饱和时,二者资源量均骤减。Hsu等[32]发现当SST在14℃左右时,远东拟沙丁鱼丰度的快速增加,致使可捕食浮游生物密度的下降,从而影响秋刀鱼(Cololabis saira)的生长,但对日本鲭的生长速度影响较小。在食物链中所处位置的不同可能是导致其资源量发生不同变化主要原因之一[33]。本研究发现在厄尔尼诺事件下,远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭栖息地重心接近时,二者栖息地面积有不断扩大的趋势,而在拉尼娜条件下该现象却不明显,可能是由于厄尔尼诺事件下导致寒流减弱和上升气流减少,极端天气台风和风暴的可能性增加,海水的营养水平下降,远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭为了寻找充足的食物资源减少了种间竞争[3033]。其次在厄尔尼诺事件下,受温度变化幅度较大、混合层浅的影响,海表面高度变化较快,导致原本栖息在0~50 m水层中的远东拟沙丁鱼和栖息在0~100 m的日本鲭不断跨越水层,增加了二者栖息地的交错程度,扩张了栖息地的广度和深度[34]
远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭在处于异常气候事件下时,二者栖息地之间的变化关系不仅受环境改变的影响,还受到种间关系的影响。目前针对多种中小型上层鱼类的种群动态同步性或交替性变化的原因主要提出了3种假说:“气候环境制度转变假说[33]” “最佳生长温度假说[35]” “周期性优势假说[7]”,前两点将种群波动的变化归咎于气候环境的改变,最后一点则是侧重于种间竞争,本研究认为远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭栖息地变化原因倾向气候环境制度转变假说。在异常气候事件的干预下,具有“种群优势”的一方往往成为共生区的优势种,而“非优势种”则因为资源竞争力不足导致栖息地的转移或减小。在西北太平洋海域,黑潮−亲潮洋流系统中的沙丁鱼(Sardina pilchardus)和鳀鱼资源量受到太平洋年代际振荡(Pacific Decadal Oscillation,PDO)和ENSO事件的影响,会发生“冷水期鳀鱼优势种”到“暖水期沙丁鱼优势种”的循环转变[36]。Gkanasos等[31]研究东地中海鳀鱼和沙丁鱼的种群波动时发现,当浮游生物丰度处于低水平时,原本栖息于同一区域的鳀鱼和远东拟沙丁鱼资源量会产生不同的变化,前者资源量减小,后者成为该区域的主导物种。Bai等[8]利用Ricker、GAM、Ricker-S 3种模型对远东拟沙丁鱼补充量进行建模分析,发现ENSO事件是导致远东拟沙丁鱼产生数量波动的主要原因。当厄尔尼诺事件发生时,受食物的限制,远东拟沙丁鱼主要育苗场会向黑潮延伸轴以北的浮游生物丰度更高的区域移动,导致栖息地扩张,但较大个体日本鲭会捕食远东拟沙丁鱼幼鱼[37],使得二者栖息地扩张趋势同步。这与本文中发现的厄尔尼诺事件下远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭栖息地变化规律较为一致。此外,本文发现在拉尼娜事件中远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭栖息地面积的扩张程度要远低于厄尔尼诺事件,并且日本鲭此时的最适栖息地面积显著减小。Oozeki等[38]认为在拉尼娜时期由于区域和流域尺度的环境因素协同耦合作用加强,导致黑潮系统中远东拟沙丁鱼的有利生境条件增加,资源量大幅上升。Nakayama等[39]和Suda等[40]对西北太平洋中鳀鱼、远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭三者资源量波动机制进行研究,发现当三者中任意一个物种资源量的大幅上升均会破坏其余物种的适宜生境,迫使栖息地发生改变。综上,本研究认为,远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭在厄尔尼诺事件下栖息地之间的竞争作用更强,并且在拉尼娜事件下二者之间栖息地变化趋势主要以远东拟沙丁鱼栖息变化为主导。
本研究基于不同权重下栖息地模型,对不同ENSO事件下西北太平洋远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭栖息地变化之间的响应关系做出研究,认为在厄尔尼诺事件下,二者栖息地变化之间存在一定的协同和竞争作用,即远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭栖息地会出现同步性或交替性改变。但在拉尼娜事件下对远东拟沙丁鱼的生境有利,而对日本鲭生境不利,从而导致远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭栖息地之间的相互作用减弱。物种同步性变化很大程度上归因于大规模的气候变化,不同强度的ENSO事件可能对海洋生物的潜在分布影响不同,若研究年份内ENSO事件发生较少,物种之间栖息地变化可能存在假性相关关系,使得研究结果具有一定偶然性。此外,本研究主要根据远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭关键环境要素构建最适栖息模型,但在生物学中二者存在竞争以及捕食−被捕食的关系,在判断物种间栖息地动态变化时若种间关系因素较大,会使研究结果存在一定局限性。因此,在今后的研究中,需要考虑远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭摄食关系或竞争关系,结合渔业海洋学和种群生态学,构建捕食关系−环境耦合模型,以便能够全面解释远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭栖息地变化的关联和差异,为远东拟沙丁鱼和日本鲭资源利用与管理提供科学依据。
  • 国家自然科学基金青年项目(42306117)
  • 上海市自然科学基金项目(18ZR1449800)
  • 农业部外海渔业开发重点实验室开放课题项目(LOF 2021-01)
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2024年第46卷第1期
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doi: 10.12284/hyxb2024018
  • 接收时间:2023-05-29
  • 首发时间:2025-11-25
  • 出版时间:2024-01-31
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  • 收稿日期:2023-05-29
  • 修回日期:2023-10-23
基金
国家自然科学基金青年项目(42306117)
上海市自然科学基金项目(18ZR1449800)
农业部外海渔业开发重点实验室开放课题项目(LOF 2021-01)
作者信息
    1.上海海洋大学 海洋生物资源与管理学院,上海 201306
    2.中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,上海 200090
    3.大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室,上海 201306
    4.国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海 201306
    5.农业农村部大洋渔业开发重点实验室,上海 201306
    6.农业农村部大洋渔业资源环境科学观测实验站,上海 201306

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*方舟(1988—),男,副教授,研究方向为远洋渔业资源。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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