Article(id=1200024644628607467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1200024643240292843, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12284/hyxb2024070, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1691856000000, receivedDateStr=2023-08-13, revisedDate=1699200000000, revisedDateStr=2023-11-06, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1764037770658, onlineDateStr=2025-11-25, pubDate=1706630400000, pubDateStr=2024-01-31, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1764037770658, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1764037770658, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764037770658, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1200024643240292843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2024', volume='46', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='130', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=0, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1764037770328, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1764056122067, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1200101616062923672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1200024643240292843, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1200101616062923673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1200024643240292843, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=27, endPage=38, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1200024644842516973, articleId=1200024644628607467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Energy analysis of submesoscale processes in the Agulhas current system, columnId=null, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Based on the high-resolution oceanic numerical model product of MITgcm with a resolution of (1/48)°, the geostrophic balanced motion and unbalanced wave motion are decomposed via the frequency-wavenumber spectrum analysis method to analyze the distribution of submesoscale characteristics and diagnose the main factors affecting their seasonal variations in the Agulhas current system. The results show that the submesoscale processes in the Agulhas current system have a significant seasonal distribution with strong features in winter but weak features in summer. The mixed layer baroclinic instability is the main reason affecting the submesoscale seasonal differences in the area. In addition, the geostrophic balanced motions are predominant in the submesoscale process in the regions with stronger eddy kinetic energy (EKE) and have no obvious seasonality. For the regions with weaker EKE, the balanced and unbalanced geostrophic motions show significant seasonality, where the local mixing layer shallowness is responsible for the increase of the unbalanced kinetic energy in summer. Our analysis helps to further clarify the characteristics of submesoscale seasonal variation and its primary factors in the Agulhas current system. The effective separation of geostrophic balanced and unbalanced motion enhances our understanding of energy transformation between multiscale processes in the ocean.

, correspAuthors=Yijun He, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Haiyang Xuebao, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ruonan Zhao, Gang Li, Yijun He), CN=ArticleExt(id=1200024646633484820, articleId=1200024644628607467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=阿古拉斯流域亚中尺度过程的能量分析, columnId=1149698756456657529, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本文基于(1/48)°MITgcm数值模拟结果,通过频率−波数谱分析等方法分离地转平衡和非地转运动,分析了阿古拉斯流域亚中尺度的分布特征,讨论了其季节性变化的主要影响因素。结果表明,阿古拉斯流域亚中尺度过程具有冬强夏弱的显著季节变化特征,混合层斜压不稳定是影响该流域亚中尺度季节性差异的主要原因。此外,在涡动能较强的区域,地转平衡运动始终主导亚中尺度过程,季节性变化较小;在涡动能较弱的区域,地转平衡与非地转分量具有明显的季节性差异,局地混合层浅化可能是导致夏季非地转分量贡献增加的主要机制。本文研究结果有助于进一步探究阿古拉斯流域亚中尺度的季节性变化及其主导因素,地转平衡与非地转运动的有效分离加强了我们对海洋多尺度之间能量传递的理解。

, correspAuthors=何宜军, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*何宜军(1963—),男,教授,从事海洋微波遥感研究。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《海洋学报》编辑部 2024, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=EMTYqgyKMnn3/CQLUokzSg==, magXml=ZH3BICssDov5Utx+PVtsfQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=EjC8KwN7cjagF6uLh0f2bA==, pdfFileSize=4873486, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=VjSM+E1tba0HGGyIF0DhjA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=Sj6/bMy5Xsl+AH3Ex0NEoA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

赵若楠(1999—),女,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市人,从事海洋亚中尺度过程研究。E-mail:

, authorsList=赵若楠, 李刚, 何宜军)}, authors=[Author(id=1200091107091645243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=20211209013@nuist.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200091107301360455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, authorId=1200091107091645243, language=EN, stringName=Ruonan Zhao, firstName=Ruonan, middleName=null, lastName=Zhao, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200091107460744014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, authorId=1200091107091645243, language=CN, stringName=赵若楠, firstName=若楠, middleName=null, lastName=赵, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.南京信息工程大学 海洋科学学院,江苏 南京 210044, bio={"content":"

赵若楠(1999—),女,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市人,从事海洋亚中尺度过程研究。E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

赵若楠(1999—),女,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市人,从事海洋亚中尺度过程研究。E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200091106739323685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200091106747712294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, companyId=1200091106739323685, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200091106756100902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, companyId=1200091106739323685, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.南京信息工程大学 海洋科学学院,江苏 南京 210044)])]), Author(id=1200091107599156051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200091107716596566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, authorId=1200091107599156051, language=EN, stringName=Gang Li, firstName=Gang, middleName=null, lastName=Li, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200091107829842783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, authorId=1200091107599156051, language=CN, stringName=李刚, firstName=刚, middleName=null, lastName=李, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.南京信息工程大学 海洋科学学院,江苏 南京 210044, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200091106739323685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200091106747712294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, companyId=1200091106739323685, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200091106756100902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, companyId=1200091106739323685, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.南京信息工程大学 海洋科学学院,江苏 南京 210044)])]), Author(id=1200091107930506087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=yjhe@nuist.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1200091108047946609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, authorId=1200091107930506087, language=EN, stringName=Yijun He, firstName=Yijun, middleName=null, lastName=He, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, *, address=1. School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
2. Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Applications, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100081, China
3. Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Laoshan National Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1200091108131832691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, authorId=1200091107930506087, language=CN, stringName=何宜军, firstName=宜军, middleName=null, lastName=何, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, *, address=1.南京信息工程大学 海洋科学学院,江苏 南京 210044
2.自然资源部空间海洋遥感与应用重点实验室,北京 100081
3.崂山实验室 区域海洋动力学与数值模拟功能实验室,山东 青岛 266237, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200091106739323685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200091106747712294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, companyId=1200091106739323685, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200091106756100902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, companyId=1200091106739323685, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.南京信息工程大学 海洋科学学院,江苏 南京 210044)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200091106839986988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200091106848375598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, companyId=1200091106839986988, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Applications, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200091106856764208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, companyId=1200091106839986988, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.自然资源部空间海洋遥感与应用重点实验室,北京 100081)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200091106978399028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200091106986787636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, companyId=1200091106978399028, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Laoshan National Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200091106990981941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, companyId=1200091106978399028, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.崂山实验室 区域海洋动力学与数值模拟功能实验室,山东 青岛 266237)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1200091108349936513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=Agulhas current system), Keyword(id=1200091108442211207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=submesoscale process), Keyword(id=1200091108538680208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=geostrophic balanced motion), Keyword(id=1200091108639343512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=unbalanced wave motion), Keyword(id=1200091108752589725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=transition scale), Keyword(id=1200091108853253028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=阿古拉斯流域), Keyword(id=1200091108979082154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=亚中尺度过程), Keyword(id=1200091109075551149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=地转平衡运动), Keyword(id=1200091109197185970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=非地转运动), Keyword(id=1200091109310432178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=过渡尺度)], refs=[Reference(id=1200091113177579545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bracco A, Liu Guangpeng, Sun Daoxun. Mesoscale-submesoscale interactions in the Gulf of Mexico: from oil dispersion to climate[J]. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 2019, 119: 63−72., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200091113278242845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Thomas L N, Taylor J R, Ferrari R, et al. Symmetric instability in the Gulf Stream[J]. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 2013, 91: 96−110., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200091113404071968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=McWilliams J C. Submesoscale currents in the ocean[J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 2016, 472(2189): 20160117., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200091113529901089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gula J, Blacic T M, Todd R E. Submesoscale coherent vortices in the gulf stream[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2019, 46(5): 2704−2714., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200091113672507429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=郑瑞玺, 经志友, 罗士浩. 南海北部反气旋涡旋边缘的次中尺度动力过程分析[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2018, 37(3): 19−25., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200091113781559336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zheng Ruixi, Jing Zhiyou, Luo Shihao. Analysis of sub-mesoscale dynamic processes in the periphery of anticyclonic eddy in the northern South China Sea[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2018, 37(3): 19−25., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200091113890611241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cao Haijin, Jing Zhiyou, Fox-Kemper B, et al. Scale transition from geostrophic motions to internal waves in the northern South China Sea[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2019, 124(12): 9364−9383., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200091114033217579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang Zhiwei, Zhang Yuchen, Qiu Bo, et al. Spatiotemporal characteristics and generation mechanisms of submesoscale currents in the northeastern South China Sea revealed by numerical simulations[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2020, 125(2): e2019JC015404., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200091115220205613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Dong Jihai, Fox-Kemper B, Zhang Hong, et al. The seasonality of submesoscale energy production, content, and cascade[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2020, 47(6): e2020GL087388., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200091115295703089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=罗士浩, 经志友, 闫桐, 等. 黑潮延伸体海域次中尺度过程的季节变化研究[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2021, 40(1): 1−11., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200091115383783476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Luo Shihao, Jing Zhiyou, Yan Tong, et al. Seasonal variability of submesoscale flows in the Kuroshio Extension[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2021, 40(1): 1−11., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200091115471863863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Mensa J A, Garraffo Z, Griffa A, et al. Seasonality of the submesoscale dynamics in the Gulf Stream region[J]. Ocean Dynamics, 2013, 63(8): 923−941., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200091115555749948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=12, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Buckingham C E, Garabato A C N, Thompson A F, et al. Seasonality of submesoscale flows in the ocean surface boundary layer[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2016, 43(5): 2118−2126., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200091115652218945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Dong Jihai, Zhong Jihai. The spatiotemporal features of submesoscale processes in the northeastern South China Sea[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2018, 37(11): 8−18., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200091115757076548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Haine T W N, Marshall J. Gravitational, symmetric, and baroclinic instability of the ocean mixed layer[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1998, 28(4): 634−658., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200091115912265801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Su Zhan, Wang Jinbo, Klein P, et al. Ocean submesoscales as a key component of the global heat budget[J]. Nature Communications, 2018, 9(1): 775., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200091116004540490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Beal L M, De Ruijter W P M, Biastoch A, et al. On the role of the Agulhas system in ocean circulation and climate[J]. Nature, 2011, 472(7344): 429−436., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200091116084232269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Schubert R, Gula J, Biastoch A. Submesoscale flows impact Agulhas leakage in ocean simulations[J]. Communications Earth & Environment, 2021, 2(1): 197., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200091116151341136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Schubert R, Schwarzkopf F U, Baschek B, et al. Submesoscale impacts on mesoscale Agulhas dynamics[J]. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 2019, 11(8): 2745−2767., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200091116239421525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Schubert R, Gula J, Greatbatch R J, et al. The submesoscale kinetic energy cascade: mesoscale absorption of submesoscale mixed layer eddies and frontal downscale fluxes[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 2020, 50(9): 2573−2589., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200091116348473432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=20, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Capuano T A, Speich S, Carton X, et al. Mesoscale and submesoscale processes in the Southeast Atlantic and their impact on the regional thermohaline structure[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2018, 123(3): 1937−1961., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200091116444942431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=21, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Schubert R. The impact of submesoscale flows on mesoscale Agulhas dynamics[D]. Kiel: Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 2020., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200091116541411424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=22, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=de Ruijter W P M, Biastoch A, Drijfhout S S, et al. Indian-Atlantic interocean exchange: dynamics, estimation and impact[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 1999, 104(C9): 20885−20910., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200091116650463333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=22, rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang Ruize, Sun Shantong, Chen Zhaohui, et al. Rapid 21st century weakening of the Agulhas current in a warming climate[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2023, 50(4): e2022GL102070., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200091116721766503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Taylor J R, Thompson A F. Submesoscale dynamics in the upper ocean[J]. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 2023, 55: 103−127., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200091116805652586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=25, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Torres H S, Klein P, Menemenlis D, et al. Partitioning ocean motions into balanced motions and internal gravity waves: a modeling study in anticipation of future space missions[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2018, 123(11): 8084−8105., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200091116876955758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=25, rfOrder=26, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Qiu Bo, Chen Shuiming, Klein P, et al. Seasonality in transition scale from balanced to unbalanced motions in the world ocean[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 2018, 48(3): 591−605., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200091116960841838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=26, rfOrder=27, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Menemenlis D, Campin J M, Heimbach P, et al. ECCO2: high resolution global ocean and sea ice data synthesis[J]. Mercator Ocean Quarterly Newslettel, 2008, 31: 13−21., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200091117078282353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=27, rfOrder=28, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang Zhiwei, Liu Yuelin, Qiu Bo, et al. Submesoscale inverse energy cascade enhances Southern Ocean eddy heat transport[J]. Nature Communications, 2023, 14(1): 1335., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200091117170557045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=28, rfOrder=29, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chelton D B, Deszoeke R A, Schlax M G, et al. Geographical variability of the first baroclinic rossby radius of deformation[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1998, 28(3): 433−460., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200091117283803254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=29, rfOrder=30, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jing Zhiyou, Fox-Kemper B, Cao Haijin, et al. Submesoscale fronts and their dynamical processes associated with symmetric instability in the Northwest Pacific Subtropical Ocean[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 2021, 51(1): 83−100., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200091117405438074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=30, rfOrder=31, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang Zhiwei, Zhang Xincheng, Qiu Bo, et al. Submesoscale currents in the subtropical upper ocean observed by long-term high-resolution mooring arrays[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 2021, 51(1): 187−206., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200091117510295675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=31, rfOrder=32, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sullivan P P, McWilliams J C. Frontogenesis and frontal arrest of a dense filament in the oceanic surface boundary layer[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2018, 837: 341−380., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200091117661290623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=32, rfOrder=33, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gula J, Molemaker M J, McWilliams J C. Submesoscale dynamics of a gulf stream frontal eddy in the South Atlantic Bight[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 2016, 46(1): 305−325., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200091117740982403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=33, rfOrder=34, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hoskins B J. The role of potential vorticity in symmetric stability and instability[J]. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 1974, 100(425): 480−482., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200091117871005827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=34, rfOrder=35, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Thomas L N, Tandon A, Mahadevan A. Submesoscale processes and dynamics[M]//Hecht M W, Hasumi H. Ocean Modeling in an Eddying Regime. Washington: American Geophysical Union, 2013., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200091117975863435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=35, rfOrder=36, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cao Haijin, Fox-Kemper B, Jing Zhiyou. Submesoscale eddies in the upper ocean of the Kuroshio Extension from high-resolution simulation: energy budget[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 2021, 51(7): 2181−2201., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200091118059749514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=36, rfOrder=37, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张晓璐, 熊学军. 渤海夏季第一斜压罗斯贝变形半径的计算与分析[J]. 海洋科学进展, 2015, 33(3): 295−304., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200091118164607119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=36, rfOrder=38, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang Xiaolu, Xiong Xuejun. Calculation and analysis of the first Baroclinic Rossby deformation radius in summer in the Bohai Sea[J]. Advances in Marine Science, 2015, 33(3): 295−304., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200091118252687507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=37, rfOrder=39, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Capet X, McWilliams J C, Molemaker M J, et al. Mesoscale to submesoscale transition in the California current system. Part I: flow structure, eddy flux, and observational tests[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 2008, 38(1): 29−43., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200091118353350809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=38, rfOrder=40, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Dong Jihai, Jing Zhiyou, Fox-Kemper B, et al. Effects of symmetric instability in the Kuroshio Extension region in winter[J]. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 2022, 202: 105142., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200091118433042588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=39, rfOrder=41, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Taylor J R, Ferrari R. On the equilibration of a symmetrically unstable front via a secondary shear instability[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2009, 622: 103−113., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200091118529511585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=40, rfOrder=42, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Callies J, Ferrari R, Klymak J M, et al. Seasonality in submesoscale turbulence[J]. Nature Communications, 2015, 6(1): 6862., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1200091119645196451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=41, rfOrder=43, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Rocha C B, Gille S T, Chereskin T K, et al. Seasonality of submesoscale dynamics in the Kuroshio Extension[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2016, 43(21): 11304−11311., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1200091112934309902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, awardId=42027805, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金重大仪器设备研制项目(42027805), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1200091106739323685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200091106747712294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, companyId=1200091106739323685, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200091106756100902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, companyId=1200091106739323685, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.南京信息工程大学 海洋科学学院,江苏 南京 210044)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200091106839986988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200091106848375598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, companyId=1200091106839986988, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Applications, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200091106856764208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, companyId=1200091106839986988, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.自然资源部空间海洋遥感与应用重点实验室,北京 100081)]), AuthorCompany(id=1200091106978399028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200091106986787636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, companyId=1200091106978399028, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Laoshan National Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1200091106990981941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, companyId=1200091106978399028, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.崂山实验室 区域海洋动力学与数值模拟功能实验室,山东 青岛 266237)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1200091110652609466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=The distribution of water depth and main flow field in Agulhas Current (a) and the surface time average eddy kinetic energy from October 2011 to September 2012 (b), figureFileSmall=67LvIXqZ5s6GaDk045n0cQ==, figureFileBig=n2t6xaitWWhvvrx2Io4tig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200091110824575932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, language=CN, label=图1, caption=阿古拉斯流域水深及主要流场分布(a)与2011年10月至2012年9月海表面时间平均涡动能分布(b), figureFileSmall=67LvIXqZ5s6GaDk045n0cQ==, figureFileBig=n2t6xaitWWhvvrx2Io4tig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200091110954599362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=The daily mean distributions of surface relative vorticity $ \zeta $ (a, c) and horizontal mesoscale strain rate MSR (b, d) on January 15 (a, b) and on July 15 (c, d) in study sea area (the data are standaridized by planetary vorticity f), figureFileSmall=2/KeZYfGauXJuetg1vTM8w==, figureFileBig=2XizcVWGV2yACBeRyDHw6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200091111084622790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, language=CN, label=图2, caption=研究海域海表层相对涡度$ \zeta $(a, c)与中尺度水平应变率MSR(b, d)在1月15日(a, b)和7月15日(c, d)日平均水平分布情况(数据均以行星涡度$ f $标准化), figureFileSmall=2/KeZYfGauXJuetg1vTM8w==, figureFileBig=2XizcVWGV2yACBeRyDHw6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200091111227229132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=The daily mean distributions of mesoscale frontal tendency F (a, c) and frontal sharpness M (b, d) on January 15 (a, b) and on July 15 (c, d) in study sea area, figureFileSmall=jAgFiPjEgYURuGBnElkFbg==, figureFileBig=CwO0ABiLqsIp1ofj3feUVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200091111315309519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, language=CN, label=图3, caption=研究海域海表层中尺度锋生趋势F(a, c)和锋面强度M(b, d)在1月15日(a, b)和7月15日(c, d)日平均水平分布情况, figureFileSmall=jAgFiPjEgYURuGBnElkFbg==, figureFileBig=CwO0ABiLqsIp1ofj3feUVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200091111407584210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Time series of mesoscale frontal tendency F (blue line) and frontal sharpness M (red line) in R1 (a), R2 (b), R3 (c) and R4 (d), figureFileSmall=COIdPuS44yESP0gajcd3tw==, figureFileBig=ijr1NYxTriNbnWvHxBOAcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200091111512441813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, language=CN, label=图4, caption=R1(a)、R2(b)、R3(c)和R4(d)各区域中尺度锋生趋势F(蓝色曲线)和锋面强度M(红色曲线)的时间变化, figureFileSmall=COIdPuS44yESP0gajcd3tw==, figureFileBig=ijr1NYxTriNbnWvHxBOAcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200091111638270937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=The daily mean distributions of surface potential vorticity PV (a, d) and its vertical component $ {q}_{{\mathrm{vert}}} $ (b, e) and horizontal baroclinic component $ {q}_{{\mathrm{bc}}} $ (c, f) on January 15 (a−c) and on July 15 (e−f) in research sea area, figureFileSmall=jqp0cZtMD6L6F6MyZT3kOA==, figureFileBig=hmmB6eAlqOlbOVNRDgHxmQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200091111743128541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, language=CN, label=图5, caption=研究海域海表层位涡PV(a, d)及其垂向分量$ {q}_{{\mathrm{vert}}} $(b, e)和水平斜压分量$ {q}_{{\mathrm{bc}}} $(c, f)在1月15日(a−c)和7月15日(e−f)日平均水平分布情况, figureFileSmall=jqp0cZtMD6L6F6MyZT3kOA==, figureFileBig=hmmB6eAlqOlbOVNRDgHxmQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200091111927677923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Variations of averaged the RMS of $ \zeta /f $ (a−d) and the PKE (e−h) over time and depth in R1 (a, e), R2 (b, f), R3 (c, g) and R4 (d, h), figureFileSmall=MGYAZT+2uUOUaCfRubojmA==, figureFileBig=uVDNYstOpSuWF7tSq5ZSAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200091112036729831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, language=CN, label=图6, caption=R1(a, e)、R2(b, f)、R3(c, g)和R4(d, h)各区域平均相对涡度$ \zeta /f $均方根(a−d)与PKE(e−h)随时间和深度的变化情况, figureFileSmall=MGYAZT+2uUOUaCfRubojmA==, figureFileBig=uVDNYstOpSuWF7tSq5ZSAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200091112137393133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=The frequency-wavenumber spectra distributions of surface eddy kinetic energy and their frequency spectra in R1 (a), R2 (b), R3 (c) and R4 (d), figureFileSmall=I6klnADIEosVfzzSNA1/DA==, figureFileBig=I7XulUsIVuA05ZVAAtX1lQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200091112204502001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, language=CN, label=图7, caption=R1(a)、R2(b)、R3(c)和R4(d)各子区域年涡动能频率−波数谱分析结果及其对应频率谱, figureFileSmall=I6klnADIEosVfzzSNA1/DA==, figureFileBig=I7XulUsIVuA05ZVAAtX1lQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200091112275805172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Wave number spectrum in R1 (a, e), R2 (b, f), R3 (c, g) and R4 (d, h) in summer (a−d) and winter (e−h), figureFileSmall=kvf7GgzYv3yapJPDxrNXGw==, figureFileBig=1xojLOkyeCoj/IaEmYvu6g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200091112351302648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, language=CN, label=图8, caption=R1(a, e)、R2(b, f)、R3(c, g)和R4(d, h)各区域夏(a−d)、冬(e−h)两季波数谱, figureFileSmall=kvf7GgzYv3yapJPDxrNXGw==, figureFileBig=1xojLOkyeCoj/IaEmYvu6g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200091112418411516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=The ratio of submesoscale kinetic energy to total kinetic energy (a) and submesoscale unbalanced kinetic energy to submesoscale kinetic energy (b) in subregions R1, R2, R3, and R4, figureFileSmall=JjX+Vh6q4IwEDGjEF1l9yw==, figureFileBig=CjT0fjwi6RdineyBeeGH+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200091112481326080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, language=CN, label=图9, caption=R1、R2、R3和R4各区域亚中尺度动能占总动能比(a)和亚中尺度非地转动能占亚中尺度动能比(b), figureFileSmall=JjX+Vh6q4IwEDGjEF1l9yw==, figureFileBig=CjT0fjwi6RdineyBeeGH+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200091112636514310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=Monthly variation of the ratio of submesoscale geostrophic balanced energy to unbalanced energy (red line), transition scale $ Lt $ (blue line) and mixed layer depth (yellow line) in R1 (a), R2 (b), R3 (c) and R4 (d), figureFileSmall=YN/bABP0sjgs/mv5eARGuQ==, figureFileBig=DPuR/ooVknRO3cz2ud7yJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1200091112745566219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1200024644628607467, language=CN, label=图10, caption=R1(a)、R2(b)、R3(c)和R4(d)各区域亚中尺度下地转动能与非地转动能比值(红色折线)、过渡尺度$ Lt $(蓝色折线)和混合层深度(黄色折线)逐月分布, figureFileSmall=YN/bABP0sjgs/mv5eARGuQ==, figureFileBig=DPuR/ooVknRO3cz2ud7yJw==, tableContent=null)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1146441459026210850, delFlag=0, nameCn=海洋学报, nameEn=Haiyang Xuebao, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=0253-4193, eissn=null, cn=11-2055/P, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=否, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=uYi7hkkrve+l8pIcwqcaQQ==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=null, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1751262543687, updatedTime=1761729782936, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=H, firstLetterEn=H, subjectCode=Natural Sciences, subjectName=Natural Sciences, subjectCodeEn=Natural Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=uYi7hkkrve+l8pIcwqcaQQ==, picEn=C0WLQb7uW3ok8EkkVOAGuw==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1190344242636624294, language=CN, name=海洋学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.hyxbocean.cn/, createdTime=1761729782971, updatedTime=1761729782971, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://www.hyxb.org.cn/aos/ch/author/login.aspx, submissionEditorUrl=http://www.hyxb.org.cn/aos/ch/login.aspx, submissionReviewUrl=http://www.hyxb.org.cn/aos/ch/auditor/login.aspx, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1190344242712121767, language=EN, name=Haiyang Xuebao, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=http://www.aosocean.com/, createdTime=1761729782989, updatedTime=1761729782989, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://www.hyxb.org.cn/aos/ch/author/login.aspx, submissionEditorUrl=http://www.hyxb.org.cn/aos/ch/login.aspx, submissionReviewUrl=http://www.hyxb.org.cn/aos/ch/auditor/login.aspx, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1149651085930835976, websiteList=[Website(id=1188165202219512001, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1149651085930835976, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1761210259251, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761210330879, updateBy=18614031015, name=海洋学报-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=海洋学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1188166688563413602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761210613623, updateTime=1761210613623, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166688538247775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761210613617, updateTime=1761210613617, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166688529859166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN/file/pic?fileId=BDEio/cxHnid8OD4QxrAYQ==, createTime=1761210613615, updateTime=1761210613615, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166688555024993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1761210613621, updateTime=1761210613621, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166688546636384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1761210613619, updateTime=1761210613619, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166688575996515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761210613626, updateTime=1761210613626, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166688596968036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202219512001, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761210613631, updateTime=1761210613631, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1188165202282426564, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1149651085930835976, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1761210259266, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1761210377920, updateBy=18614031015, name=海洋学报-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Haiyang Xuebao, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1188166798101856873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1761210639739, updateTime=1761210639739, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166798076691046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1761210639733, updateTime=1761210639733, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166798068302437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/EN/file/pic?fileId=BDEio/cxHnid8OD4QxrAYQ==, createTime=1761210639731, updateTime=1761210639731, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166798093468264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1761210639737, updateTime=1761210639737, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166798085079655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1761210639735, updateTime=1761210639735, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166798106051178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1761210639740, updateTime=1761210639740, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1188166798110245483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1188165202282426564, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1761210639741, updateTime=1761210639741, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=海洋学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=http://www.hyxbocean.cn/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Haiyang Xuebao, journalPhotoCn=uYi7hkkrve+l8pIcwqcaQQ==, journalPhotoEn=C0WLQb7uW3ok8EkkVOAGuw==, journalFirstLetter=H, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN/10.12284/hyxb2024070, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/EN/10.12284/hyxb2024070, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN/PDF/10.12284/hyxb2024070, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/EN/PDF/10.12284/hyxb2024070, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
阿古拉斯流域亚中尺度过程的能量分析
收藏切换
PDF下载
赵若楠 1 , 李刚 1 , 何宜军 1, 2, 3, *
海洋学报 | 论文 2024,46(1): 27-38
收起
收藏切换
海洋学报 | 论文 2024, 46(1): 27-38
阿古拉斯流域亚中尺度过程的能量分析
全屏
赵若楠1 , 李刚1, 何宜军1, 2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1.南京信息工程大学 海洋科学学院,江苏 南京 210044
  • 2.自然资源部空间海洋遥感与应用重点实验室,北京 100081
  • 3.崂山实验室 区域海洋动力学与数值模拟功能实验室,山东 青岛 266237
  • 赵若楠(1999—),女,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市人,从事海洋亚中尺度过程研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*何宜军(1963—),男,教授,从事海洋微波遥感研究。E-mail:
Energy analysis of submesoscale processes in the Agulhas current system
Ruonan Zhao1 , Gang Li1, Yijun He1, 2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
  • 2. Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Applications, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100081, China
  • 3. Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Laoshan National Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
出版时间: 2024-01-31 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2024070
文章导航
收藏切换

本文基于(1/48)°MITgcm数值模拟结果,通过频率−波数谱分析等方法分离地转平衡和非地转运动,分析了阿古拉斯流域亚中尺度的分布特征,讨论了其季节性变化的主要影响因素。结果表明,阿古拉斯流域亚中尺度过程具有冬强夏弱的显著季节变化特征,混合层斜压不稳定是影响该流域亚中尺度季节性差异的主要原因。此外,在涡动能较强的区域,地转平衡运动始终主导亚中尺度过程,季节性变化较小;在涡动能较弱的区域,地转平衡与非地转分量具有明显的季节性差异,局地混合层浅化可能是导致夏季非地转分量贡献增加的主要机制。本文研究结果有助于进一步探究阿古拉斯流域亚中尺度的季节性变化及其主导因素,地转平衡与非地转运动的有效分离加强了我们对海洋多尺度之间能量传递的理解。

阿古拉斯流域  /  亚中尺度过程  /  地转平衡运动  /  非地转运动  /  过渡尺度

Based on the high-resolution oceanic numerical model product of MITgcm with a resolution of (1/48)°, the geostrophic balanced motion and unbalanced wave motion are decomposed via the frequency-wavenumber spectrum analysis method to analyze the distribution of submesoscale characteristics and diagnose the main factors affecting their seasonal variations in the Agulhas current system. The results show that the submesoscale processes in the Agulhas current system have a significant seasonal distribution with strong features in winter but weak features in summer. The mixed layer baroclinic instability is the main reason affecting the submesoscale seasonal differences in the area. In addition, the geostrophic balanced motions are predominant in the submesoscale process in the regions with stronger eddy kinetic energy (EKE) and have no obvious seasonality. For the regions with weaker EKE, the balanced and unbalanced geostrophic motions show significant seasonality, where the local mixing layer shallowness is responsible for the increase of the unbalanced kinetic energy in summer. Our analysis helps to further clarify the characteristics of submesoscale seasonal variation and its primary factors in the Agulhas current system. The effective separation of geostrophic balanced and unbalanced motion enhances our understanding of energy transformation between multiscale processes in the ocean.

Agulhas current system  /  submesoscale process  /  geostrophic balanced motion  /  unbalanced wave motion  /  transition scale
赵若楠, 李刚, 何宜军. 阿古拉斯流域亚中尺度过程的能量分析. 海洋学报, 2024 , 46 (1) : 27 -38 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2024070
Ruonan Zhao, Gang Li, Yijun He. Energy analysis of submesoscale processes in the Agulhas current system[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2024 , 46 (1) : 27 -38 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2024070
海洋是一个多尺度运动的耦合系统,包括大尺度环流、中尺度涡旋、亚中尺度过程和小尺度湍流。亚中尺度过程是指水平尺度小于一阶斜压罗斯贝变形半径,时间尺度为几小时到几天的动力过程[1]。已有的现场观测和数值模拟结果表明,亚中尺度过程满足理查德森数~$ \mathcal{O}\left(1\right) $,并具有较强的局地相对涡度(绝对值与行星涡度相近),表明其是同时具有地转与非地转运动特性的三维运动过程[24]。亚中尺度过程广泛存在于西边界流区域以及动力过程复杂的强流区,已有大量研究在南海[57]、黑潮延伸体[89]和墨西哥湾流[4, 10]等区域开展。研究发现,亚中尺度过程的空间分布普遍与上层海洋的中尺度涡旋和锋面结构紧密相关,并具有冬季强、夏季弱的季节变化特点[1112]。在开阔海洋上层,亚中尺度的主要生成和增长机制包括由流场拉伸驱动的锋生作用[3]和大气强迫导致的海表浮力损失[13]。浮力损失使得海洋失稳,容易引发混合层不稳定和对称不稳定等多种亚中尺度不稳定过程。同时,亚中尺度过程具有强垂向流速,可以达到100 m/d,对温度、盐度、营养物质和浮游植物的分布产生影响,从而引起垂向的物质输运和海洋内部与大气之间的热量交换[14],是平衡海洋能量循环和调节海洋生态系统的重要过程。
阿古拉斯洋流是最强的西边界流之一,受风应力驱动沿非洲东岸向西南方向流动,在流经大陆架后受西风带作用向东折返,形成阿古拉斯逆流。在反转处,以反气旋(阿古拉斯涡旋)的形式将部分水体释放至大西洋,这个过程称为阿古拉斯泄漏[15],是南大洋主要的盐度和热量来源。Schubert等[16]研究发现,当数据分辨率达到约10 km时,亚中尺度过程使得阿古拉斯泄露增加了约40%。通过对比不同分辨率模型,发现随着数据分辨率的提高,亚中尺度过程的引入可以有效改善海表面中尺度的动力学特征和能量传递过程的表现,而当数据分辨率不足以解析亚中尺度过程时,海表面100 km尺度范围内的动能将减少约20%[1718]。阿古拉斯海域的亚中尺度过程同样具有冬季强、夏季弱的分布特征,Capuano等[19]研究发现,在阿古拉斯海域海表层,混合层不稳定通常发生在冬季,而由中尺度驱动的对称不稳定多出现于夏季。Schubert[20]认为混合层不稳定是中尺度吸收逆向串级能量的重要过程,即亚中尺度过程会对中尺度季节循环产生影响。此外,阿古拉斯海域的亚中尺度过程与印度洋和南大西洋之间的水体交换密切相关,对全球气候、热盐环流,特别是大西洋经向翻转环流具有重要意义[2122]
研究表明,受准地转动力学控制的中尺度过程趋向于将能量逆向串级至各向异性的大尺度过程,而亚中尺度的非地转性可以促使中尺度正向串级至耗散过程[23]。Torres等[24]通过频谱将上层海洋划分为地转平衡运动和惯性重力波,揭示了它们各自的特征和对海洋动能收支的不同影响。Qiu等[25]对全球范围内地转平衡向非地转运动转化的过渡尺度的时空分布特征及其影响因素进行了讨论。结果表明,除西边界流和南极绕极流等特殊区域外,全球范围内的过渡尺度值具有一定的纬度依赖性;而在较小的区域范围内,过渡尺度的大小通常取决于中尺度涡变率和非地转运动的能量大小,并随着地转与非地转动能水平的季节性变化而改变。作为海洋中的能量循环和物质输运的关键过程,阿古拉斯海域亚中尺度过程的特征分析仍不够充分,如何有效分离并评估亚中尺度下地转平衡与非地转运动对亚中尺度过程的影响也有待深入研究。因此,本文将基于(1/48)° LLC4320模式数据和谱分析方法,分析阿古拉斯海域亚中尺度的时空分布特征与作用机制,并探讨亚中尺度地转平衡与非地转运动的季节性差异及其影响因素。
本文使用基于美国麻省理工学院的海洋环流模式(Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model,MITgcm)开发的全球海洋高分辨率LLC4320(Latitude-Longitude polar Cap 4320)模式数据[26]。LLC4320模式数据水平分辨率为(1/48)°(在本研究区域约为1.8 km),在垂向上分为不等间隔的90层,垂向分辨率随深度由1 m(海表层)增加至480 m(海底层),时间分辨率为1 h。数据输出包括6个物理量:海表面高度、盐度、位势温度、水平和垂向流速等,并包含一个由16个潮汐分量组成的潮汐强迫场,能部分分辨出亚中尺度过程[24, 27]。本文使用时间跨度为2011年10月1日至2012年9月30日(共366 d),经纬度为30°~45°S,10°~40°E(图1)。阿古拉斯海域的一阶斜压罗斯贝变形半径约为30 km,因此将小于30 km的水平尺度定义为亚中尺度范围[28]。研究区域基于涡动能(EKE)特征划分为4个子区域:R1区域位于阿古拉斯泄漏区域,R2区域位于阿古拉斯洋流反转区域,R3区域位于阿古拉斯逆流区域,R4区域位于能量较低的东北部海域,进一步探讨不同能量背景下亚中尺度过程的特征。其中,涡动能的计算公式为
$ {\mathrm{EKE}}=\frac{1}{2}\left[{\left(\frac{g}{f}\frac{\partial \eta '}{\partial x}\right)}^{2}\right.+\left.{\left(\frac{g}{f}\frac{\partial \eta '}{\partial y}\right)}^{2}\right]\text{,} $
式中,$ g $为重力加速度;$ f $为科氏参数;$ \eta ' $为海表面高度异常,即海面高度与研究时间范围内的平均海面高度的差值。
选取相对涡度垂向分量$ \zeta $和中尺度水平应变率(Mesoscale Strain Rate, MSR)以表征亚中尺度过程。将$ \zeta $以局地行星涡度$ f $进行标准化的数据视为罗斯贝数($ {Ro}=\zeta /f $),$ {Ro} $$\mathcal{O}\left(1\right) $常用于表示亚中尺度过程的活跃情况[29],其绝对值越大,亚中尺度特征越明显,带来的强垂向流动进一步说明亚中尺度运动是具有非地转特征的三维运动。相对涡度垂向分量和中尺度水平应变率分别为
$ \zeta =\frac{\partial v}{\partial x}-\frac{\partial u}{\partial y}, $
$ {\mathrm{MSR}}=\sqrt{{\left(\frac{\partial {u}_{m}}{\partial x}-\frac{\partial {v}_{m}}{\partial y}\right)}^{2}+{\left(\frac{\partial {v}_{m}}{\partial x}+\frac{\partial {u}_{m}}{\partial y}\right)}^{2}}, $
式中,$ {u}_{m} $$ {v}_{m} $为中尺度水平流速,通过对纬向流速$ u $、和经向流速$ v $进行15~120 d带通滤波获得。中尺度水平应变率可以表征中尺度水平流场变形的强弱,强烈的流场变形能迅速增强锋面,有利于锋生过程的驱动,锋面的倾斜容易引起亚中尺度不稳定[3, 30]。中尺度锋生趋势$ F $和锋面强度$ M $可以用于诊断锋生作用的贡献[3132]
$ F=2{\boldsymbol{Q}}\cdot {\nabla }_{h}b\text{,} $
$ M=\frac{1}{2}{\left|{\nabla }_{h}b\right|}^{2}, $
式中,$ {{\boldsymbol{Q}}}=\left(-\dfrac{\partial {u}_{m}}{\partial x}\cdot \dfrac{\partial b}{\partial x}-\dfrac{\partial {v}_{m}}{\partial x}\cdot \dfrac{\partial b}{\partial y}, -\dfrac{\partial {u}_{m}}{\partial y}\cdot \dfrac{\partial b}{\partial x}-\dfrac{\partial {v}_{m}}{\partial y}\cdot \dfrac{\partial b}{\partial y}\right) $$ {\nabla }_{h}b $为水平浮力梯度;b为浮力。
位势涡度(Potential Vorticity, PV)被广泛用于判断流体的稳定性,是海洋多尺度动力学中常见的示踪剂[2, 7, 3334]。在南半球,科氏参数$ f $始终为负,当PV为正时,容易引发对称不稳定,对称不稳定与上层海洋的水平浮力梯度和外强迫作用导致的边界浮力损失有关,是对亚中尺度过程产生影响的主要不稳定性之一。本文采用旋转分层流体内的Ertel位涡公式为
$ {\mathrm{PV}}={q}_{{\mathrm{bc}}}+{q}_{{\mathrm{vert}}}\text{,} $
式中,水平斜压分量$ {q}_{{\mathrm{bc}}} $与水平涡度分量和水平浮力梯度有关;垂向分量$ {q}_{{\mathrm{vert}}} $与绝对涡度和层结作用有关:
$ {q}_{{\rm{bc}}}=\left(\frac{\partial u}{\partial z}-\frac{\partial w}{\partial x}\right)\frac{\partial b}{\partial y}+\left(\frac{\partial w}{\partial y}-\frac{\partial v}{\partial z}\right)\frac{\partial b}{\partial x}\text{,} $
$ {q}_{{\rm{vert}}}=\left(f+\zeta \right){N}^{2}\text{,} $
式中,w为垂向流速;$ {N}^{2}=-\dfrac{g}{{\rho }_{0}}\dfrac{\partial \rho }{\partial z} $,表示浮力频率;$ b=-\dfrac{g}{{\rho }_{0}}\rho $$ {\rho }_{0} $为参考密度(取1 025 kg/m3),$ \rho $为位势密度,$ g $为重力加速度。下文将对各子区域的PV及其分量的时空分布特征进行分析。
此外,还计算了亚中尺度有效位能向亚中尺度动能转化的能量项(Potential Energy to Kinetic Energy, PKE)[35],公式为
${\rm{PKE}}= -\frac{g}{{\rho }_{0}}\overline{{\rho }_{s}{w}_{s}}\text{,} $
式中,$ {\rho }_{s} $为亚中尺度位密扰动;$ {w}_{s} $为亚中尺度垂向流速,分别通过对海水密度$ \rho $和垂向流速$ w $进行30 km高通滤波实现。
本文利用涡动能的频率−波数谱和动态频率计算地转平衡与非地转运动。根据Qiu等[25]提出的方法,首先去除$ (u,v) $的线性趋势并应用Hanning窗,后经傅里叶变换获得动能谱密度$ \widehat{{\rm{KE}}}\left(K,\omega \right) $,其中,$ K $为水平波数,$ \omega $为频率。为获得地转平衡动能,对$ \widehat{{\rm{KE}}}(K,\omega ) $在地转平衡运动频率区间进行积分:
$ {{\rm{KE}}}_{{\rm{bal}}}\left(K\right)={\int }_{{\omega }_{{\rm{a}}}}^{{\omega }_{{\rm{cr}}}}\widehat{{\rm{KE}}}\left(K,\omega \right)\mathrm{d}\omega \text{,} $
为获得非地转动能,对$ \widehat{{\rm{KE}}}(K,\omega ) $在非地转运动频率区间进行积分:
$ {{\rm{KE}}}_{{\rm{unb}}}\left(K\right)={\int }_{ {\omega }_{{\rm{cr}}}}^{{{\omega }_{{\rm{Ny}}}}}\widehat{{\rm{KE}}}\left(K,\omega \right)\mathrm{d}\omega \text{,} $
式中,$ {\omega }_{{\rm{a}}} $为年频率;$ {\omega }_{{\rm{cr}}} $为动态频率;$ {{\omega }_{{\rm{Ny}}}} $为奈奎斯特频率。动态频率$ {\omega }_{{\rm{cr}}} $为第10斜压模态下的惯性重力波频散关系与$ {N}_{2} $分潮频率中的小值。斜压模态下惯性重力波公式为
$ {\mathrm{\omega }}^{2}={f}^{2}+{c}_{n}^{2}{K}^{2}\text{,} $
式中,$ {c}_{n} $为第n$ n=1 $~10)斜压模态下惯性重力波的相速度,由LLC4320模式数据提供的温度和盐度计算[36]
图2展示了夏(以1月15日结果为例)、冬(以7月15日结果为例)两季阿古拉斯海域海表层相对涡度垂向分量和中尺度水平应变率的分布情况。其结果表明,在阿古拉斯西边界流、阿古拉斯逆流和其反转区域以及一些中尺度涡边缘附近分布着活跃的亚中尺度涡旋、涡丝和锋面。同时,冬季(图2c)的亚中尺度现象较夏季(图2a)更为显著。在冬季,罗斯贝数在阿古拉斯洋流区域绝对值普遍大于1,亚中尺度涡丝和锋面几乎覆盖整个阿古拉斯海域,而夏季分布减少,较大的涡度主要集中在锋面结构与中尺度涡边缘,表明该海域亚中尺度过程具有冬季强、夏季弱的季节分布特征。此外,中尺度水平应变率在夏、冬两季的整体强弱趋势与涡度场分布较为一致,表明阿古拉斯海域的亚中尺度过程与流场的中尺度水平应变率存在密切联系,即在阿古拉斯海域,锋生作用可能是诱发亚中尺度过程的主要因素。
为了验证锋生作用对亚中尺度过程季节性差异的影响,我们分别讨论了该海域的中尺度锋生趋势F和锋面强度M图3表明阿古拉斯海域海表层存在较强的流场变形和温度锋面。锋生过程会引起地转失衡,使得等密度线倾斜,增强水平浮力梯度并削弱层结,激发的锋面不稳定容易在涡旋边缘产生亚中尺度过程[37]。然而,锋生趋势和锋面强度在4个子区域都未表现出明显的季节性差异(图4),说明锋生作用对亚中尺度过程具有正向促进作用,但不是造成阿古拉斯亚中尺度过程冬季强、夏季弱的主要因素。
锋面区域在锋生过程和大气强迫的作用下,容易引发多种亚中尺度不稳定情况并诱发亚中尺度过程。其中,对称不稳定和混合层不稳定被认为是上层海洋中两个主要的亚中尺度不稳定过程。本文利用位势涡度PV判断流场是否具备诱发亚中尺度不稳定性的条件,进一步探究影响亚中尺度季节分布特征的因素。图5展示了研究海域海表层PV及其分量存在的明显时空分布差异。当PV与科氏参数$ f $相反时(即在$ f < 0 $的南半球,PV > 0),表明水体可能存在对称不稳定现象,其动能主要来源于地转剪切作用[38],在有效位能和流场剪切动能正向串级至小尺度耗散的过程中起重要作用[39]。对比夏季,冬季亚中尺度活跃的区域PV出现较大的正值,即水平浮力梯度和流场剪切作用的增强使得流场的斜压性增大而层结减小,破坏了流体的稳定性,$ {q}_{{\mathrm{bc}}} $的绝对值在涡丝和锋面区域显著大于$ {q}_{{\mathrm{vert}}} $,此时PV主要由$ {q}_{{\mathrm{bc}}} $贡献,有利于亚中尺度对称不稳定的发生。此外,在准地转平衡条件下,南半球$ {q}_{{\mathrm{bc}}} $应恒大于0,与结果不符,说明此时受到非地转作用影响不可忽略。夏季$ {q}_{{\mathrm{vert}}} $主要以负值为主,而冬季以正值为主,这是由于冬季水体层结不稳定性更强($ {N}^{2} < 0 $),因此产生了较大的垂向分量$ {q}_{{\mathrm{vert}}} $并贡献给PV。虽然仅有PV的计算结果不足以明确对称不稳定对阿古拉斯海域的亚中尺度过程季节差异的贡献[38],但从图5中PV及其分量表现出的季节性中可以判断出冬季亚中尺度不稳定过程较夏季更活跃,水体的稳定性更差,更有利于能量的传递。除此之外,亚中尺度不稳定还包括混合层斜压不稳定,混合层斜压不稳定受混合层深度控制,通过释放有效位能激发亚中尺度涡旋,是影响亚中尺度过程的主要机制。为了明确混合层斜压不稳定对亚中尺度过程季节性差异的影响,图6给出了相对涡度$ \zeta $的标准化结果和亚中尺度有效位能向亚中尺度动能转化的能量项PKE随时间、深度的变化情况($ \zeta /f $取均方根表征强度)。整体上看,$ \zeta /f $均方根与PKE具有一致的季节性分布特征。冬季(6−8月),风场的搅拌作用增强,海洋表层失温,混合层加深(图6中黑色实线),混合层斜压不稳定作用增强,使得更多的有效位能转化为亚中尺度动能;而夏季(12月至翌年2月)混合层较浅,海洋层结加强,抑制了亚中尺度过程的产生。同时,PKE并不局限于混合层,较大的PKE一直向下延伸到达混合层与温跃层之间的过渡层中,因此,这里提供的亚中尺度的斜压不稳定可以更恰当地称为混合−过渡层斜压不稳定[30]
以上结果说明在阿古拉斯海域,锋生过程、混合层斜压不稳定和对称不稳定等亚中尺度不稳定过程都可以激发产生更活跃的亚中尺度过程,而混合层斜压不稳定可能是造成阿古拉斯亚中尺度过程季节性差异最主要的机制。
为了进一步讨论地转平衡与非地转运动不同的季节特征及其影响因素,通过计算4个子区域海表面涡动能的频率−波数谱及其对应频率谱(图7)来分解地转与非地转动能。非地转能量在半日潮以及惯性重力波频带附近有明显的动能增加,即非地转运动对频率非常敏感,这使得仅采用单频滤波器划分地转和非地转运动可能会造成一定的偏差。本文利用动态频率来划分地转与非地转运动过程,即通过第10斜压模态下的惯性重力波的频散曲线与$ {N}_{2} $分潮频率共同定义地转与非地转运动的频率界限(图7中黑色实线),依据运动的频率特性尽可能分离二者。
利用动态频率按照夏季(12月至翌年2月)、冬季(6−8月)分别积分获得的相应波数谱(图8),将地转平衡运动与非地转运动动能谱值相等时的波长记为过渡尺度$ Lt $图8中黑色虚线),即当$ {KE}_{{\mathrm{bal}}}\left({K}_{Lt}\right)= {KE}_{{\mathrm{unb}}}\left({K}_{Lt}\right) $时,$ Lt=1/{K}_{Lt} $。当$ K < {K}_{Lt} $时,地转平衡分量的谱值大于非地转分量,此时区域内的海水运动主要受地转支配;当$ K > {K}_{Lt} $时,由非地转运动占主导。
通过不同子区域夏、冬季动能谱差异,进一步探讨地转与非地转运动季节性变化特征和影响机制。如图8所示,整体上总动能谱斜率在100左右时发生改变,在大于100的范围内,动能谱均相对较平坦,且夏季和冬季的动能水平差异不大,此时的能量水平主要受背景流场影响。而在小于100范围内,冬季总动能明显大于夏季,这种季节性差异主要由地转平衡运动贡献。同时,地转动能谱斜率在夏季较冬季更接近−3,表明夏季的中尺度和亚中尺度运动主要受准地转动力学控制,而冬季的地转运动则由准地转动力学和混合层不稳定共同调控。在亚中尺度范围内,非地转运动的贡献增加使得总动能谱斜率由−3向−2靠近,不再符合准地转动能谱特征,表明此时海表动能受到的非地转运动影响不可忽略。在小于$ Lt $尺度范围内,总动能谱斜率增大,能量转移至耗散尺度。
接下来探讨过渡尺度的季节分布差异,在R1区域,地转平衡运动向非地转运动转化的过渡尺度$ Lt $冬季小于夏季,即在冬季,非地转运动对总动能的贡献较小,此时海表动能由地转平衡态涡旋运动主导。而在夏季$ Lt $增大,表明惯性重力波等非地转运动贡献增加。同样的季节差异还出现在R3和R4区域,而R2区域位于阿古拉斯洋流反转处,受到阿古拉斯涡旋的影响,过渡尺度在夏(约6.8 km)、冬(约10.7 km)两季均较小,表明该区域主要由准地转动力学控制,非地转运动贡献很小,全年较为稳定,季节性变化不明显。
对夏、冬两季总动能及其分量动能谱在小于30 km的亚中尺度范围内分别积分,获得亚中尺度下各子区域夏、冬两季动能(图9)。结果进一步表明,亚中尺度过程具有冬季较强、夏季较弱的特点。并且除R2区域外,其他子区域亚中尺度非地转动能均具有夏季大、冬季小的分布特征。夏季非地转运动分量为亚中尺度过程贡献出超过60%的能量,而冬季最高仅有约40%。
为进一步诊断亚中尺度下地转与非地转动能分量和$ Lt $之间的联系,逐月统计各子区域地转与非地转动能比和$ Lt $图10结果表明,$ Lt $的大小与涡动能有关,在能量较弱的R1和R4区域,过渡尺度的年变化差异较大,R1区域$ Lt $最大值出现在2月(约26.5 km),最小值出现在8月(约11 km),R4区域$ Lt $最大值出现在3月(约47 km),最小值出现在9月(约11 km)。但在能量较强的R2和R3区域,过渡尺度相对较小且全年较为稳定(浮动区间在10 km左右)。同时,在R1、R3和R4区域,过渡尺度与动能比呈强负相关,二者的相关系数分别高达−0.98、−0.96和−0.89,即过渡尺度的大小与地转平衡动能成反比,与亚中尺度非地转动能成正比。而R2区域地转能量在全年均保持较高水平,非地转过程对总动能贡献较小,$ Lt $值也相应较小。
除R2区域外,亚中尺度非地转能量具有明显的冬季较弱、夏季较强的季节分布特征,动能比与混合层深度的相关系数在R1、R3和R4区域分别为0.96、0.92和0.87。因此,混合层深度的季节性变化可能是亚中尺度非地转能量变化的主要影响因素。夏季混合层较浅,亚中尺度过程受到抑制,由于较小的尺度运动更容易逃脱地转的限制,此时的海表产生动能更趋向通过正向串级至耗散尺度[40]。同时,夏季海洋层结的加强将惯性重力波等非地转运动困在海洋上层,增强了非地转运动在海表面的投影[41],使得亚中尺度非地转运动呈现夏大、冬小的分布差异。
本文利用阿古拉斯海域2011年10月至2012年9月LLC4320模式数据,通过频率−波数谱分析等方法,诊断了阿古拉斯海域亚中尺度过程的时空分布特征及产生机制,并讨论了该海域亚中尺度下地转平衡运动与非地转运动的季节分布差异和影响因素。研究结果表明,阿古拉斯海域亚中尺度过程主要活跃在阿古拉斯洋流及逆流周围的锋面海域和中尺度涡边缘附近,并具有冬季强、夏季弱的季节特征。锋生过程和混合层斜压不稳定性等都对亚中尺度过程的产生和增长具有重要的促进作用,其中混合层斜压不稳定是影响阿古拉斯海域亚中尺度季节性变化的主要机制。
利用频率−波数谱和动态频率能够有效地分离地转平衡运动与非地转运动。分离结果和$ Lt $的时空分布表明,在涡动能能量较大的区域,地转运动能量明显高于非地转运动,而非地转运动如惯性重力波等的贡献在能量较低的区域更为显著,即$ Lt $与涡动能的大小成反比。同时,本文还讨论了亚中尺度非地转过程夏强、冬弱的季节分布特点,在冬季,亚中尺度非地转运动贡献较小,此时海表动能更多由地转运动主导。而在夏季非地转分量占比增加(超过60%),$ Lt $值也随之增大,推断混合层深度的变化是其重要的影响因素。
本文研究了阿古拉斯海域亚中尺度过程的季节变化及影响因素。受限于数据的时空分辨率,目前的研究大多具有局地性,同时亚中尺度过程的具体演变和周期性研究仍有欠缺。因此,获取更高的空间分辨率和更长时间范围的观测或数值模拟数据,将成为未来量化亚中尺度过程在全球海洋能量串级和物质交换作用中的重要步骤。
致谢:本文使用的LLC4320模式数据来自美国喷气推进实验室(Jet Propulsion Laboratory, JPL),感谢JPL的Zhang Hong博士和厦门大学海洋与地球学院的杨洋老师提供的数据支持。本文中的数值计算得到了南京信息工程大学高性能计算中心的支持和帮助,特此感谢。
  • 国家自然科学基金重大仪器设备研制项目(42027805)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
1
Bracco A, Liu Guangpeng, Sun Daoxun. Mesoscale-submesoscale interactions in the Gulf of Mexico: from oil dispersion to climate[J]. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 2019, 119: 63−72.
2
Thomas L N, Taylor J R, Ferrari R, et al. Symmetric instability in the Gulf Stream[J]. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 2013, 91: 96−110.
3
McWilliams J C. Submesoscale currents in the ocean[J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 2016, 472(2189): 20160117.
4
Gula J, Blacic T M, Todd R E. Submesoscale coherent vortices in the gulf stream[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2019, 46(5): 2704−2714.
5
郑瑞玺, 经志友, 罗士浩. 南海北部反气旋涡旋边缘的次中尺度动力过程分析[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2018, 37(3): 19−25.
Zheng Ruixi, Jing Zhiyou, Luo Shihao. Analysis of sub-mesoscale dynamic processes in the periphery of anticyclonic eddy in the northern South China Sea[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2018, 37(3): 19−25.
6
Cao Haijin, Jing Zhiyou, Fox-Kemper B, et al. Scale transition from geostrophic motions to internal waves in the northern South China Sea[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2019, 124(12): 9364−9383.
7
Zhang Zhiwei, Zhang Yuchen, Qiu Bo, et al. Spatiotemporal characteristics and generation mechanisms of submesoscale currents in the northeastern South China Sea revealed by numerical simulations[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2020, 125(2): e2019JC015404.
8
Dong Jihai, Fox-Kemper B, Zhang Hong, et al. The seasonality of submesoscale energy production, content, and cascade[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2020, 47(6): e2020GL087388.
9
罗士浩, 经志友, 闫桐, 等. 黑潮延伸体海域次中尺度过程的季节变化研究[J]. 热带海洋学报, 2021, 40(1): 1−11.
Luo Shihao, Jing Zhiyou, Yan Tong, et al. Seasonal variability of submesoscale flows in the Kuroshio Extension[J]. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 2021, 40(1): 1−11.
10
Mensa J A, Garraffo Z, Griffa A, et al. Seasonality of the submesoscale dynamics in the Gulf Stream region[J]. Ocean Dynamics, 2013, 63(8): 923−941.
11
Buckingham C E, Garabato A C N, Thompson A F, et al. Seasonality of submesoscale flows in the ocean surface boundary layer[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2016, 43(5): 2118−2126.
12
Dong Jihai, Zhong Jihai. The spatiotemporal features of submesoscale processes in the northeastern South China Sea[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2018, 37(11): 8−18.
13
Haine T W N, Marshall J. Gravitational, symmetric, and baroclinic instability of the ocean mixed layer[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1998, 28(4): 634−658.
14
Su Zhan, Wang Jinbo, Klein P, et al. Ocean submesoscales as a key component of the global heat budget[J]. Nature Communications, 2018, 9(1): 775.
15
Beal L M, De Ruijter W P M, Biastoch A, et al. On the role of the Agulhas system in ocean circulation and climate[J]. Nature, 2011, 472(7344): 429−436.
16
Schubert R, Gula J, Biastoch A. Submesoscale flows impact Agulhas leakage in ocean simulations[J]. Communications Earth & Environment, 2021, 2(1): 197.
17
Schubert R, Schwarzkopf F U, Baschek B, et al. Submesoscale impacts on mesoscale Agulhas dynamics[J]. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 2019, 11(8): 2745−2767.
18
Schubert R, Gula J, Greatbatch R J, et al. The submesoscale kinetic energy cascade: mesoscale absorption of submesoscale mixed layer eddies and frontal downscale fluxes[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 2020, 50(9): 2573−2589.
19
Capuano T A, Speich S, Carton X, et al. Mesoscale and submesoscale processes in the Southeast Atlantic and their impact on the regional thermohaline structure[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2018, 123(3): 1937−1961.
20
Schubert R. The impact of submesoscale flows on mesoscale Agulhas dynamics[D]. Kiel: Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 2020.
21
de Ruijter W P M, Biastoch A, Drijfhout S S, et al. Indian-Atlantic interocean exchange: dynamics, estimation and impact[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 1999, 104(C9): 20885−20910.
22
Zhang Ruize, Sun Shantong, Chen Zhaohui, et al. Rapid 21st century weakening of the Agulhas current in a warming climate[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2023, 50(4): e2022GL102070.
23
Taylor J R, Thompson A F. Submesoscale dynamics in the upper ocean[J]. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 2023, 55: 103−127.
24
Torres H S, Klein P, Menemenlis D, et al. Partitioning ocean motions into balanced motions and internal gravity waves: a modeling study in anticipation of future space missions[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2018, 123(11): 8084−8105.
25
Qiu Bo, Chen Shuiming, Klein P, et al. Seasonality in transition scale from balanced to unbalanced motions in the world ocean[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 2018, 48(3): 591−605.
26
Menemenlis D, Campin J M, Heimbach P, et al. ECCO2: high resolution global ocean and sea ice data synthesis[J]. Mercator Ocean Quarterly Newslettel, 2008, 31: 13−21.
27
Zhang Zhiwei, Liu Yuelin, Qiu Bo, et al. Submesoscale inverse energy cascade enhances Southern Ocean eddy heat transport[J]. Nature Communications, 2023, 14(1): 1335.
28
Chelton D B, Deszoeke R A, Schlax M G, et al. Geographical variability of the first baroclinic rossby radius of deformation[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 1998, 28(3): 433−460.
29
Jing Zhiyou, Fox-Kemper B, Cao Haijin, et al. Submesoscale fronts and their dynamical processes associated with symmetric instability in the Northwest Pacific Subtropical Ocean[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 2021, 51(1): 83−100.
30
Zhang Zhiwei, Zhang Xincheng, Qiu Bo, et al. Submesoscale currents in the subtropical upper ocean observed by long-term high-resolution mooring arrays[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 2021, 51(1): 187−206.
31
Sullivan P P, McWilliams J C. Frontogenesis and frontal arrest of a dense filament in the oceanic surface boundary layer[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2018, 837: 341−380.
32
Gula J, Molemaker M J, McWilliams J C. Submesoscale dynamics of a gulf stream frontal eddy in the South Atlantic Bight[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 2016, 46(1): 305−325.
33
Hoskins B J. The role of potential vorticity in symmetric stability and instability[J]. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 1974, 100(425): 480−482.
34
Thomas L N, Tandon A, Mahadevan A. Submesoscale processes and dynamics[M]//Hecht M W, Hasumi H. Ocean Modeling in an Eddying Regime. Washington: American Geophysical Union, 2013.
35
Cao Haijin, Fox-Kemper B, Jing Zhiyou. Submesoscale eddies in the upper ocean of the Kuroshio Extension from high-resolution simulation: energy budget[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 2021, 51(7): 2181−2201.
36
张晓璐, 熊学军. 渤海夏季第一斜压罗斯贝变形半径的计算与分析[J]. 海洋科学进展, 2015, 33(3): 295−304.
Zhang Xiaolu, Xiong Xuejun. Calculation and analysis of the first Baroclinic Rossby deformation radius in summer in the Bohai Sea[J]. Advances in Marine Science, 2015, 33(3): 295−304.
37
Capet X, McWilliams J C, Molemaker M J, et al. Mesoscale to submesoscale transition in the California current system. Part I: flow structure, eddy flux, and observational tests[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 2008, 38(1): 29−43.
38
Dong Jihai, Jing Zhiyou, Fox-Kemper B, et al. Effects of symmetric instability in the Kuroshio Extension region in winter[J]. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 2022, 202: 105142.
39
Taylor J R, Ferrari R. On the equilibration of a symmetrically unstable front via a secondary shear instability[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2009, 622: 103−113.
40
Callies J, Ferrari R, Klymak J M, et al. Seasonality in submesoscale turbulence[J]. Nature Communications, 2015, 6(1): 6862.
41
Rocha C B, Gille S T, Chereskin T K, et al. Seasonality of submesoscale dynamics in the Kuroshio Extension[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2016, 43(21): 11304−11311.
2024年第46卷第1期
PDF下载
220
93
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.12284/hyxb2024070
  • 接收时间:2023-08-13
  • 首发时间:2025-11-25
  • 出版时间:2024-01-31
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2023-08-13
  • 修回日期:2023-11-06
基金
国家自然科学基金重大仪器设备研制项目(42027805)
作者信息
    1.南京信息工程大学 海洋科学学院,江苏 南京 210044
    2.自然资源部空间海洋遥感与应用重点实验室,北京 100081
    3.崂山实验室 区域海洋动力学与数值模拟功能实验室,山东 青岛 266237

通讯作者:

*何宜军(1963—),男,教授,从事海洋微波遥感研究。E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hyxb/CN/10.12284/hyxb2024070
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏