Article(id=1194652706276090433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1194652705147822651, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12284/hyxb2025008, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1723737600000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-16, revisedDate=1733155200000, revisedDateStr=2024-12-03, acceptedDate=1734537600000, acceptedDateStr=2024-12-19, onlineDate=1762757000750, onlineDateStr=2025-11-10, pubDate=1738252800000, pubDateStr=2025-01-31, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762757000750, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762757000750, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762757000750, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1194652705147822651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2025', volume='47', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='132', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1762757000481, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762757000481, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null}, startPage=74, endPage=83, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1194652707412746819, articleId=1194652706276090433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Body weight-length relationship and relative weight of bigeye grunt (Brachydeuterus auritus) in the coastal waters of Sierra Leone, columnId=1194652705852465724, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Bigeye grunt Brachydeuterus auritus is an important economic species in the waters off Sierra Leone in West Africa, with great ecological value. Based on bottom trawl survey data from six voyage samples collected between 2019 and 2021, the body weight-length relationship (WLR) and relative weight were analyzed using logarithm-transformed body length measurements and their corresponding mean body weight values. This study fitted the WLR of bigeye grunt by gender, calculated its fullness, and analyzed the influence of environmental factors. The results showed that month and gender had a significant impact on body length and weight distribution (P < 0.01). There was a highly significant negative correlation (P < 0.01) between value a and value b in the WLR, and salinity significantly affects value b (P < 0.05). The (lg a)/b ratio was less affected by environmental factors which may be related to the body size and density of the fish. The difference in b between male and female populations was highly significant (P < 0.01). The relative weight had significant seasonal variation characteristics, with highly significant effects of sex and body length (P < 0.01). Negative allometric growth was observed in September, October, and December, while positive allometric growth occurred in January, April, and May. With increasing body length, the relative weight showed two types of changes, continuously increasing and firstly increasing then decreasing, with salinity and b significantly affecting the type of change (P < 0.05) and depth having a highly significant effect (P < 0.01). The bigeye grunt off the coast Sierra Leone exhibited significant seasonal growth characteristics, with significant differences in growth characteristics between male and female individuals. This study suggested that salinity may be the main factor affecting its growth and development. In addition, this study hypothesised that the peak breeding season may occur during the dry season, beginning in December and ending before April of the following year. The study provides updated and more comprehensive insights into the biology and ecology of the bigeye grunt offshore Sierra Leone in West Africa, which can provide scientific basis for its resource assessment, development and utilization, and resource management.

, correspAuthors=Lingzhi Li, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Haiyang Xuebao, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Guoqing Zhao, Shuai Li, Jialiang Yang, Xin Rao, Fengyuan Shen, Hongliang Huang, Lingzhi Li), CN=ArticleExt(id=1194652863621210825, articleId=1194652706276090433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=塞拉利昂近海大眼裸颌鲈体长−体质量关系及相对体质量研究, columnId=1149698756456657529, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

大眼裸颌鲈(Brachydeuterus auritus)是西非塞拉利昂近海重要的经济物种,为深入了解其体长−体质量关系及健康状况,本文根据2019−2021年6个航次底拖网调查资料,采用体长对应平均体质量和相对体质量的方法,按性别分别拟合了大眼裸颌鲈的体长−体质量关系(WLR),并计算了其相对体质量(Wr)指数,同时也分析了影响因子的作用。结果显示,月份和性别极显著影响体长和体质量分布(P < 0.01);WLR中参数ab呈极显著负相关关系(P < 0.01),盐度显著影响bP < 0.05);lg ab的比值受外界因素影响小,可能与自身体型及鱼体密度有关;雌雄群体间b差异极显著(P < 0.01);9月、10月和12月呈负向异速生长,1月、4月和5月呈正向异速生长。Wr具有显著的季节性变化特征,性别和体长对其影响极显著(P < 0.01),随体长增加,Wr表现出两种变化类型−连续增加和先增后降。盐度和b显著影响其变化类型(P < 0.05),深度对其影响极显著(P < 0.01)。塞拉利昂近海大眼裸颌鲈具有显著的季节性生长特征,雌雄个体间生长特征存在明显差异。分析认为,盐度可能是影响其生长发育的主要因素;其繁殖旺期可能发生于旱季,始于12月,结束于翌年4月之前。本研究对西非塞拉利昂近海大眼裸颌鲈的生物学和生态学提供了更新、更全面的见解,可为当前该海域大眼裸颌鲈的资源评估、开发利用和资源管理提供科学依据。

, correspAuthors=李灵智, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*李灵智,副研究员,主要从事捕捞学和鱼类生态学研究。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《海洋学报》编辑部 2025, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=vzwGohsTajby6sohmB2Cvg==, magXml=5BA+yNdumUcJB0qcNxcZiw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=7unvU/5twzoqnbERy0yOLg==, pdfFileSize=966579, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=oXLGhVsVxF/2uSPeMF2bMQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=af2mCq7TwFEE1Jg8aLrbUw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

赵国庆(1990—),男,山东省潍坊市人,研究方向为渔业生态和渔业遥感。E-mail:

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赵国庆(1990—),男,山东省潍坊市人,研究方向为渔业生态和渔业遥感。E-mail:

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Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 2012, 113: 152−162., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1194975252636746179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1194652706276090433, awardId=2019YFD0901405, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划(2019YFD0901405), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1194975252775158212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1194652706276090433, awardId=2020TD03, language=CN, fundingSource=中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2020TD03), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1194975247087681918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1194652706276090433, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1194975247096070527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1194652706276090433, companyId=1194975247087681918, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1194975247104459136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1194652706276090433, companyId=1194975247087681918, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国水产科学研究院 东海水产研究所,农业农村部远洋与极地渔业创新重点实验室,上海 200090)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1194975249889477039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1194652706276090433, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=The sample area of survey stations, figureFileSmall=JWSRiiWFmZJdarsKDaDAEQ==, figureFileBig=0TKS7ot0bnFnPQ2d5srlyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194975250938053040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1194652706276090433, language=CN, label=图1, caption=调查站点所在区域, figureFileSmall=JWSRiiWFmZJdarsKDaDAEQ==, figureFileBig=0TKS7ot0bnFnPQ2d5srlyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194975251063882161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1194652706276090433, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Changes of value a and value b of B. auritus by different months, figureFileSmall=CSEsqc70W5ufqokql0i2wA==, figureFileBig=m0q9+fg2z6+aLQebrlCeXQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194975251122602418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1194652706276090433, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同月份大眼裸颌鲈WLR参数a和参数b的变化, figureFileSmall=CSEsqc70W5ufqokql0i2wA==, figureFileBig=m0q9+fg2z6+aLQebrlCeXQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194975251193905587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1194652706276090433, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Negative linear relationship between lg a and b for B. auritus, figureFileSmall=egwxdaRMeX7c8t7Hx8wUlA==, figureFileBig=rkdpxayinVHGF7EaTkeA+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194975251256820148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1194652706276090433, language=CN, label=图3, caption=大眼裸颌鲈lg ab的负线性关系, figureFileSmall=egwxdaRMeX7c8t7Hx8wUlA==, figureFileBig=rkdpxayinVHGF7EaTkeA+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194975251328123317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1194652706276090433, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Changes in Wr by body length of B. auritus in different months, figureFileSmall=2h1CKO/rETy19fXPl/JAWg==, figureFileBig=5QOfySCDN8Ea8LUCjB2WBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194975251407815094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1194652706276090433, language=CN, label=图4, caption=大眼裸颌鲈各月份Wr随体长的变化, figureFileSmall=2h1CKO/rETy19fXPl/JAWg==, figureFileBig=5QOfySCDN8Ea8LUCjB2WBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194975251474923959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1194652706276090433, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Statistic factors of fishery survey

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调查指标 9月10月12月1月4月5月
SST/℃27.76 ± 1.0027.76 ± 0.7929.40 ± 0.4828.64 ± 0.4428.89 ± 0.3929.29 ± 0.47
Sal28.13 ± 5.6830.70 ± 2.6331.85 ± 0.7933.90 ± 0.3835.54 ± 0.1035.36 ± 0.47
Dep/m30.72 ± 9.4031.40 ± 7.1526.94 ± 8.8025.54 ± 7.5926.66 ± 8.0825.51 ± 8.22
), ArticleFig(id=1194975251554615736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1194652706276090433, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

渔业调查统计指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
调查指标 9月10月12月1月4月5月
SST/℃27.76 ± 1.0027.76 ± 0.7929.40 ± 0.4828.64 ± 0.4428.89 ± 0.3929.29 ± 0.47
Sal28.13 ± 5.6830.70 ± 2.6331.85 ± 0.7933.90 ± 0.3835.54 ± 0.1035.36 ± 0.47
Dep/m30.72 ± 9.4031.40 ± 7.1526.94 ± 8.8025.54 ± 7.5926.66 ± 8.0825.51 ± 8.22
), ArticleFig(id=1194975251646890425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1194652706276090433, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Distribution characteristics of body length and weight of B. auritus

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月份性别样本量体长/mm体质量/g
范围均值变异系数偏斜度范围均值变异系数
9月10280~157121.3615.30−0.28nd15.2~111.253.7623.35
11478~156113.0313.700.23rs12.8~106.742.9420.24
10月42756~172117.1814.840.15rs5.9~128.654.8521.41
52465~169113.5921.140.11rs5.8~138.446.9217.80
12月39034~171121.1719.54−0.77ls1.0~118.447.4725.07
39356~160107.4521.14−0.05ls4.5~107.541.9722.33
1月48360~164111.3520.21−0.01ls5.4~108.444.5723.99
55962~158113.9615.28−0.21ls5.1~94.642.7419.40
4月28752~163122.6217.85−0.31ls3.0~117.854.0429.60
34961~160118.7516.17−0.49ls4.8~104.645.9523.82
5月43052~173112.6726.11−0.08ls3.2~134.049.8233.43
40562~164112.3618.20−0.15ls5.9~12.3144.4123.04
), ArticleFig(id=1194975251743359418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1194652706276090433, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

大眼裸颌鲈体长和体质量分布特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
月份性别样本量体长/mm体质量/g
范围均值变异系数偏斜度范围均值变异系数
9月10280~157121.3615.30−0.28nd15.2~111.253.7623.35
11478~156113.0313.700.23rs12.8~106.742.9420.24
10月42756~172117.1814.840.15rs5.9~128.654.8521.41
52465~169113.5921.140.11rs5.8~138.446.9217.80
12月39034~171121.1719.54−0.77ls1.0~118.447.4725.07
39356~160107.4521.14−0.05ls4.5~107.541.9722.33
1月48360~164111.3520.21−0.01ls5.4~108.444.5723.99
55962~158113.9615.28−0.21ls5.1~94.642.7419.40
4月28752~163122.6217.85−0.31ls3.0~117.854.0429.60
34961~160118.7516.17−0.49ls4.8~104.645.9523.82
5月43052~173112.6726.11−0.08ls3.2~134.049.8233.43
40562~164112.3618.20−0.15ls5.9~12.3144.4123.04
), ArticleFig(id=1194975251839828411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1194652706276090433, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Parameters of body WLR for female and male B. auritus

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月份雌性雄性
a(10−2bR2ta(10−2bR2t
9月3.192.950.98−11.41**4.172.840.98−35.36**
10月3.242.940.99−26.28**2.822.990.99−0.74ns
12月2.902.970.99−7.22**2.822.990.99−3.22*
1月2.323.050.9927.63**1.853.140.9964.64**
4月1.343.290.99125.05**1.453.260.9988.15**
5月1.993.130.9958.55**2.153.110.9944.41**
), ArticleFig(id=1194975251953074620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1194652706276090433, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

大眼裸颌鲈雌性、雄性WLR参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
月份雌性雄性
a(10−2bR2ta(10−2bR2t
9月3.192.950.98−11.41**4.172.840.98−35.36**
10月3.242.940.99−26.28**2.822.990.99−0.74ns
12月2.902.970.99−7.22**2.822.990.99−3.22*
1月2.323.050.9927.63**1.853.140.9964.64**
4月1.343.290.99125.05**1.453.260.9988.15**
5月1.993.130.9958.55**2.153.110.9944.41**
), ArticleFig(id=1194975252045349309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1194652706276090433, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Comparison of b values of B. auritus between sexes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数9月10月12月1月4月5月
F0.038**0.94**0.14**0.21**1.34**0.045**
), ArticleFig(id=1194975252146012606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1194652706276090433, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

大眼裸颌鲈雌、雄间参数b的差异性检验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数9月10月12月1月4月5月
F0.038**0.94**0.14**0.21**1.34**0.045**
), ArticleFig(id=1194975252217315775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1194652706276090433, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Correlations between parameters of WLR and potential impact factors for B. auritus

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性别 b平均体长偏斜度雌性性成熟比例SSTSalDep
a−0.89**0.510.570.53−0.581−0.85*0.74
b−0.48−0.6−0.550.4860.84*−0.61
a−0.9**0.07−0.86*−0.573−0.79*0.73
b−0.120.770.5220.83*−0.83
), ArticleFig(id=1194975252301201856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1194652706276090433, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

大眼裸颌鲈WLR参数的影响因子分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性别 b平均体长偏斜度雌性性成熟比例SSTSalDep
a−0.89**0.510.570.53−0.581−0.85*0.74
b−0.48−0.6−0.550.4860.84*−0.61
a−0.9**0.07−0.86*−0.573−0.79*0.73
b−0.120.770.5220.83*−0.83
), ArticleFig(id=1194975252401865153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1194652706276090433, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Comparison in shapes of Wr growth for different months of B. auritus

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响因素SSTSalDepb
相关系数0.630.88*−0.97**0.88*
), ArticleFig(id=1194975252494139842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1194652706276090433, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

大眼裸颌鲈各月份Wr增长型的差异性检验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响因素SSTSalDepb
相关系数0.630.88*−0.97**0.88*
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塞拉利昂近海大眼裸颌鲈体长−体质量关系及相对体质量研究
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赵国庆 , 李帅 , 杨嘉樑 , 饶欣 , 申丰源 , 黄洪亮 , 李灵智 *
海洋学报 | 论文 2025,47(1): 74-83
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海洋学报 | 论文 2025, 47(1): 74-83
塞拉利昂近海大眼裸颌鲈体长−体质量关系及相对体质量研究
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赵国庆 , 李帅, 杨嘉樑, 饶欣, 申丰源, 黄洪亮, 李灵智*
作者信息
  • 中国水产科学研究院 东海水产研究所,农业农村部远洋与极地渔业创新重点实验室,上海 200090
  • 赵国庆(1990—),男,山东省潍坊市人,研究方向为渔业生态和渔业遥感。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*李灵智,副研究员,主要从事捕捞学和鱼类生态学研究。E-mail:
Body weight-length relationship and relative weight of bigeye grunt (Brachydeuterus auritus) in the coastal waters of Sierra Leone
Guoqing Zhao , Shuai Li, Jialiang Yang, Xin Rao, Fengyuan Shen, Hongliang Huang, Lingzhi Li*
Affiliations
  • Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China
出版时间: 2025-01-31 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2025008
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大眼裸颌鲈(Brachydeuterus auritus)是西非塞拉利昂近海重要的经济物种,为深入了解其体长−体质量关系及健康状况,本文根据2019−2021年6个航次底拖网调查资料,采用体长对应平均体质量和相对体质量的方法,按性别分别拟合了大眼裸颌鲈的体长−体质量关系(WLR),并计算了其相对体质量(Wr)指数,同时也分析了影响因子的作用。结果显示,月份和性别极显著影响体长和体质量分布(P < 0.01);WLR中参数ab呈极显著负相关关系(P < 0.01),盐度显著影响bP < 0.05);lg ab的比值受外界因素影响小,可能与自身体型及鱼体密度有关;雌雄群体间b差异极显著(P < 0.01);9月、10月和12月呈负向异速生长,1月、4月和5月呈正向异速生长。Wr具有显著的季节性变化特征,性别和体长对其影响极显著(P < 0.01),随体长增加,Wr表现出两种变化类型−连续增加和先增后降。盐度和b显著影响其变化类型(P < 0.05),深度对其影响极显著(P < 0.01)。塞拉利昂近海大眼裸颌鲈具有显著的季节性生长特征,雌雄个体间生长特征存在明显差异。分析认为,盐度可能是影响其生长发育的主要因素;其繁殖旺期可能发生于旱季,始于12月,结束于翌年4月之前。本研究对西非塞拉利昂近海大眼裸颌鲈的生物学和生态学提供了更新、更全面的见解,可为当前该海域大眼裸颌鲈的资源评估、开发利用和资源管理提供科学依据。

大眼裸颌鲈  /  体长−体质量关系  /  相对体质量  /  环境因子  /  塞拉利昂

Bigeye grunt Brachydeuterus auritus is an important economic species in the waters off Sierra Leone in West Africa, with great ecological value. Based on bottom trawl survey data from six voyage samples collected between 2019 and 2021, the body weight-length relationship (WLR) and relative weight were analyzed using logarithm-transformed body length measurements and their corresponding mean body weight values. This study fitted the WLR of bigeye grunt by gender, calculated its fullness, and analyzed the influence of environmental factors. The results showed that month and gender had a significant impact on body length and weight distribution (P < 0.01). There was a highly significant negative correlation (P < 0.01) between value a and value b in the WLR, and salinity significantly affects value b (P < 0.05). The (lg a)/b ratio was less affected by environmental factors which may be related to the body size and density of the fish. The difference in b between male and female populations was highly significant (P < 0.01). The relative weight had significant seasonal variation characteristics, with highly significant effects of sex and body length (P < 0.01). Negative allometric growth was observed in September, October, and December, while positive allometric growth occurred in January, April, and May. With increasing body length, the relative weight showed two types of changes, continuously increasing and firstly increasing then decreasing, with salinity and b significantly affecting the type of change (P < 0.05) and depth having a highly significant effect (P < 0.01). The bigeye grunt off the coast Sierra Leone exhibited significant seasonal growth characteristics, with significant differences in growth characteristics between male and female individuals. This study suggested that salinity may be the main factor affecting its growth and development. In addition, this study hypothesised that the peak breeding season may occur during the dry season, beginning in December and ending before April of the following year. The study provides updated and more comprehensive insights into the biology and ecology of the bigeye grunt offshore Sierra Leone in West Africa, which can provide scientific basis for its resource assessment, development and utilization, and resource management.

bigeye grunt  /  WLR  /  Wr  /  environment factor  /  Sierra Leone
赵国庆, 李帅, 杨嘉樑, 饶欣, 申丰源, 黄洪亮, 李灵智. 塞拉利昂近海大眼裸颌鲈体长−体质量关系及相对体质量研究. 海洋学报, 2025 , 47 (1) : 74 -83 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2025008
Guoqing Zhao, Shuai Li, Jialiang Yang, Xin Rao, Fengyuan Shen, Hongliang Huang, Lingzhi Li. Body weight-length relationship and relative weight of bigeye grunt (Brachydeuterus auritus) in the coastal waters of Sierra Leone[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2025 , 47 (1) : 74 -83 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2025008
大眼裸颌鲈(Brachydeuterus auritus)广泛分布于大西洋东部热带和亚热带海域,在整个分布区内都是重要的捕捞物种,主要在自给性渔业中被捕获[1]。因其价格低廉及高蛋白含量,是许多沿海家庭主要的动物蛋白来源[2],同时也被认为是婴幼儿饮食中优质蛋白质的理想供应者[3],为当地人的食物安全和营养供给做出了重要贡献。大眼裸颌鲈的资源量非常丰富,在上岸渔获物中曾一度占据主导地位[4]。然而,由于高强度捕捞努力量的投入,其资源量和上岸渔获量在进入21世纪后严重下滑[5]。自2006年以来,该物种在大西洋中东部的大部分区域被东中大西洋渔业委员会(Fishery Committee for the Eastern Central Atlantic,CECAF)评估为过度开发,于2015年被世界自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录列为近危物种[5]。基于该物种在整个大西洋中西部和东非地区被确定为过度开发的现状,其被推测在整个分布区内可能都出现了过度捕捞现象[5]
塞拉利昂是我国在“一带一路”背景下西非重要的渔业合作国家之一,渔业是其重要产业。塞拉利昂9.4%的国内生产总值(GDP)来自渔业,鱼类占该国人口膳食动物蛋白的比例更是高达75%[6]。然而,由于历史、经济和政治原因,塞拉利昂缺乏系统、科学的渔业调查,从而导致渔业生物学及资源评估等渔业研究极度匮乏[6],渔业生产与渔业管理严重失调。因此,研究塞拉利昂沿海鱼类的生态特征和生物学参数对于有效评估、保护和管理渔业资源、实现渔业可持续化利用具有非常重要的现实意义。
鱼类的体长−体质量关系(body weight-length relationship, WLR)是鱼类个体低龄化、小型化最直观的表征[7],为渔业资源评估模型提供了重要参数[89]。黄真理和常剑波[10] 论证了体长−体质量幂函数(W = aLb)的合理性和意义。ab能够反映鱼类生长的稳定性和适应性[11],水文、季节、栖息地、饵料、鱼类的性别、生长发育等都会对其产生影响[1213]。条件指数(condition index),是鱼类体长和体质量的延伸指标,能够在个体水平上反映鱼类的能量状态和营养状况,因其在评估鱼类的丰满度和生理健康方面的便利性而被广泛用于评估鱼类的种群状况[14]。其往往与鱼类的生长、繁殖、游泳能力以及可以承受的开发能力相关[1518],能够反映渔业资源的种群动态,也可用来间接地评价生活环境状况[19],是生态系统适宜性的评价指标[20],通常被用于渔业资源的养护评价 [21]。相对体质量(Relative weight, Wr)是评价鱼类健康状况的一种最常用的条件指数,可以反映鱼类在个体层面的能量状态和营养状况[1314]。当同种鱼类的体长相等时,重量越大,Wr就越高,表明鱼类个体越健康,这是利用Wr来判断鱼类营养状况的前提。
当前,塞拉利昂近海渔业资源系统的科学研究相对缺乏,基于渔业科学调查的单种鱼类的研究更为少见。基于此,本研究基于2019−2021年我国与塞拉利昂在其近海进行的渔业资源联合调查资料,分析了大眼裸颌鲈体长−体质量关系和相对体质量状况,并探讨了影响因子的作用,以期为建立更为准确的种群评估模型提供合理的参数,为制定有效的资源管理策略和保护措施提供借鉴,以确保塞拉利昂近海大眼裸颌鲈的可持续利用。
本文所用大眼裸颌鲈样品来源于塞拉利昂近海海域底拖网渔业资源调查,调查范围为6°52′~8°52′ N,11°37′~13°45′W,共设置41个调查站点(图1),调查包含6个航次,调查时间分别为2019年9月、2019年10月、2020年12月、2021年1月、2021年4月和2021年5月。调查网具为单船有袖单囊拖网,网口周目数480目,网具主尺度为144 m × 90.13 m。每个站位拖网45~75 min,拖曳速度3~3.5 kn,每个站位样品数量少于30尾时全部测量,大于30尾时测量30~50 尾,共测定样品4463尾。
样品采集及生物学测定均依据《海洋调查规范》[22],测量指标包括性别、体长、体质量和性腺成熟度,体长精确到1 mm,体质量精确到0.1 g。体长和体质量均值均精确到小数点后两位。其中,根据目测法观测记录性腺成熟度和摄食强度,性腺分为6期,分别用Ⅰ~Ⅵ表示[23],本研究将Ⅳ~Ⅵ级认定为性腺成熟。
本文利用Pauly[24]幂函数关系函数拟合大眼裸颌鲈的体长−体质量关系,公式如下:
$ W=aL^b, $
式中:W为体质量(g),L为体长(cm);a为算术式WLR的系数,其 90% 的值在 0.001~ 0.050 之间[13]b为算术式WLR的指数,其 90% 的值在 2.700~3.400 之间[25]b 值可反映鱼类的生长状况,反映鱼类的体长和体质量的增长是否均衡,由体质量(或体积)和体长的增长速度决定[10]。一般认为,当 b 值约为 3 时,鱼类将呈等距生长。当b值与 3 相差很大时,鱼类的生长将遵循异速生长模式。如果 b > 3,鱼类将呈现正异速生长,如果 b < 3,鱼类将呈现负异速生长[2627]。为便于参数差异性分析,用自然对数转换的体长和平均体质量的线性回归拟合ln ab[28]
$ \mathrm{ln}\ W= \mathrm{ln} \ a+b\ \mathrm{ln}\ L .$
然后计算a
$ a= \mathrm{exp(ln} \ a) .$
为了避免在长度选择上取一个大于平均权重的值作为参考点,此处选取代表整个种群平均长度权重关系得出的平均权重(Wr)表示鱼类营养状况 ,公式如下:
$ {{W}}_{{r}}=\frac{\text{100}{W}}{{{a}}_{\text{m}}{{L}}^{{b}{m}}}, $
式中:Wr为相对体质量指数(%),L为体长,W为实测体质量,am为各月份群体非异常a值的几何均值,bm为各月份群体非异常b值的算术平均值。采用lg ab的线性关系检验ab异常值,当点偏离回归直线超过2倍标准差即认为该点对应的体长−体质量关系异常[13, 29]
按性别分别拟合体长−体质量关系和计算Wr。选取平均体长、体长频率分布的偏斜度、性成熟比例、各调查月份的海表温度(sea surface temperature, SST)、盐度(salinity, Sal)和深度(depth, Dep)作为可能影响体长−体质量关系的因子进行相关性分析,调查期间实测指标如表1所示。值得注意的是,每个调查站位都收集了 SST、Sal、Dep 等指标值,本文使用每个航次各指标的平均值进行相关性分析。
不同月份和不同性别的体长、体质量和Wr的差异性使用单因素方差(One-way ANOVA)分析检验,体长频率偏斜度使用Shapiro-Wilk检验,不同性别体长−体质量关系参数的差异性使用独立样本T检验进行分析,参数b与3之间的差异使用单样本t检验。相关分析使用双变量相关分析。数据分析使用IBM SPSS Statistic 19.0。
大眼裸颌鲈的体长、体质量分布特征如表2所示。各月份雌雄个体的平均体长变化不大,雌性、雄性平均体长变化范围分别为111.35(1月)~122.62 mm(4月)、107.45(12月)~118.75 mm(4月)。月份和性别极显著影响雌性群体和雄性群体的平均体长和平均体质量分布(P < 0.01)。鱼类的体长频率分布反应了其种群结构,当体长频率表现为右偏时,群体中有多个年龄组。2019年9月的雄性个体和10月的雌雄个体为右偏分布,表明此时大眼裸颌鲈包含多个年龄组。
雌性和雄性大眼裸颌鲈种群的WLR 参数如表3所示。雌性的b 值在9月、10月和12月均极显著小于3(P < 0.01),群体以负向异速生长为主,在1月、4月和5月均极显著大于3(P < 0.01),群体以正向异速生长为主。雄性的b值在10月与3无显著差异,群体以等速生长为主,在9月和12月均显著小于3(P < 0.05),群体以负向异速生长为主,在1月、4月和5月均极显著大于3(P < 0.01),群体以正向异速生长为主。
大眼裸颌鲈WLR的参数ab的变化如图2所示。由于ab呈极显著负相关关系,为避免重复,此处仅对b进行分析。b值在10月、12月和1月小于3,呈负向异速生长,在1月、4月和5月大于3,呈正向异速生长。性别显著影响b值(P < 0.05),随时间推移,雌性和雄性的b值均基本上呈现先增后降趋势。雌雄群体间比较显示,雌性b值在9月、4月和5月极显著大于雄性(P < 0.01),雄性b值在10月、12月和1月极显著大于雌性(P < 0.01,表4)。
大眼裸颌鲈各月份WLR参数a的对数(lg a)与参数b的线性关系如图3所示,各月份的参数a和参数b无异常值。因此,am = 0.024,bm = 3.06。
大眼裸颌鲈WLR的参数与潜在影响因素的关系如表5所示。平均体长、偏斜度、性成熟比例、SST和Dep对b值的影响均不显著,Sal显著影响b值(P < 0.05)。雌性b值与体长频率分布偏斜度负相关,雄性b值与其正相关。另外,雄性a值与体长频率分布偏斜度呈显著负相关关系,即体长右偏分布越明显,雄性a值越小。
对各月份、各体长组和不同性别Wr的变化情况进行研究,结果如图4所示。为避免幼体和过老个体的误差对结果产生影响,本研究仅对75~165 mm个体进行研究。随体长增加,Wr的变化情况具有一定差异,但是同一月份中,雌性、雄性的变化趋势基本一致。在所有调查月份中,仅有1月份全部体长组的Wr均小于1。 随体长增加,各月份的Wr基本上表现出两种变化型—连续降低(9月、10月)、先增后降(12月、1月、4月和5月)。其中,先增后降类型中开始下降时的体长组又表现出了较大差异,12月、1月、4月和5月的Wr开始下降时的体长组分别为95~105 mm、125~135 mm、135~145 mm和115~125 mm。将Wr的两种变化类型进行定义,对其与SST、Sal、Dep和b值进行相关性分析,结果表明,SST对其影响不显著,Sal和b值显著影响Wr的变化类型(P < 0.05),Dep对其影响极显著(P < 0.01)(表6)。
鱼类的WLRs随地区、年份或季节而变化,由于各种因素的影响,WLRs的种内差异可能很大,根据长度估算的体质量与实际相比其差异可能超过2倍[13]。塞拉利昂近海海域属于典型的热带季风气候,全年分为明显的雨季(5−10月)和旱季(11月至翌年4月),全年高温,温差小,由于雨季多雨而致盐度变化较大[30]。本研究中,大眼裸颌鲈b值具有明显的季节性变化特征,旱季时大于3,呈正异速生长,体高或体宽增速快于体长,体质量增速加快;雨季时小于3,呈负异速生长,体长增速快于体高或体宽,身体变得更细长。另外,本文发现,b值在雨季逐渐增大,在旱季逐渐减小,而在雨季和旱季交替时更接近为匀速生长(图2),由于雄性受性成熟的影响较小[15],此现象尤为突出。对于b值的这种季节性变化特征,Sal可能是主要的影响因素,具体表现为SST对b值影响不显著,而Sal显著影响b值(表5)。研究表明,大眼裸颌鲈是塞拉利昂沿海的优势种类,其优势度和在上岸渔获物中的占比分别在9月、4月出现了最小值和最大值[31]。本研究中的b值和Sal与其优势度变化较为同步,我们推测Sal可能也显著影响大眼裸颌鲈的优势度。因此,在地处热带季风气候的塞拉利昂沿海,Sal可能不仅仅影响着大眼裸颌鲈的资源丰度,可能也是调节其生长发育和繁殖的主要因素。
体长−体质量关系为渔业资源评估和管理提供了基础,获取合理的WLRs尤为重要。因此,我们应该尽量避免各种因素带来的差异性。首先,在标本采集时应该尽量使用同一规格的网具,避免网具的选择性导致相同特征鱼类被捕获的概率增加(比如刺网更倾向于在小个体中选择肥鱼,在大个体中选择瘦鱼[32])。其次,样品的选择应将还未彻底成形的早期幼体和那些脂肪过度积累而导致体型变形的高龄个体排除[33],另外,发育不良、异常消瘦或其他病害原因导致身体变形的个体也应该摒弃[13]。最后,样本来源的时间跨度应该尽量包含每个月份,并按照月份对其进行分析以获得季节性变化特征。
研究发现,同一种鱼类的lg ab的比值可能为一常数[15, 29, 34],时间和地点对其影响有限。Froese和Pauly[34]指出,即使同种鱼类有多个WLRs,其参数a的对数(lg a)和参数b仍会存在确定的线性关系,关系图将会形成一条直线,可用来检测异常值。Stergiou和Moutopoulos[29]对大量不同种鱼类的WLRs统计分析后发现,同一物种的lg ab呈负线性关系。李忠炉等[15]研究发现,不同年代的黄海和渤海小黄鱼的lg ab呈负线性相关关系,受外界因素制约较小。本研究中,大眼裸颌鲈的体长−体质量关系参数同样符合负线性相关关系,当lg a增大时,b按线性关系减小,无异常值出现(图3)。依据分形理论[10],鱼体形状[13]和鱼体密度[15]可能是制约其比值大小的主要因素。因此,在讨论鱼类WLRs的种内变异时,首先应该绘制lg ab的关系图,以发现并排除异常值。
另外,Froese和Pauly[34]认为lg ab的斜率可解释为物种或种群的形态因子,该因子可用于确定特定种群或物种的体型是否与其他种群或物种存在显著差异。Kulbicki等[35]发现,lg ab之间关系值的上下限可能与鱼类形体尺寸的物理极限存在一定关系,并认为鱼类的身体比例与体长−体质量存在联系。但是lg ab的线性关系除了能够检测异常值或者解释鱼体形态外,两者比值可能仍然存在更深层的含义,以待研究。
成体鱼类的Wr在低温或者饵料短缺时下降,产卵前能量积累过程中升高,繁殖结束后急剧下降,随后生长发育过程中Wr快速升高,特别是雌性个体[36]。这是鱼类Wr季节性变动和在繁殖期变动的主要原因,也是成体鱼类Wr指数变化的一般模式。据研究,西非塞拉利昂沿海大眼裸颌鲈全年均存在性成熟个体,但是在12月和1月占比更高[37]。本研究中,对于大个体来说,Wr在12月份开始显著降低,1月份处于低水平,4月份则快速升高(图4),这可能即其繁殖期的显著变化特征,我们推测,其繁殖旺季可能始于12月份,1月份开始大量产卵,至翌年4月份之前结束。因此,为了实现大眼裸颌鲈资源的可持续利用,塞拉利昂在此期间(12月至翌年4月之前)应该采取合理的措施对其进行必要的保护。另外我们发现,雌性的b值和Wr在1月份显著低于雄性,这可能是因为前者大量产卵导致能力消耗加剧。因此,本文推测大眼裸颌鲈的产卵活动多发生在旱季,b值和Sal显著影响Wr变化(表6),Sal可能是调节其繁殖的重要因素。这与塞拉利昂沿海大多数优势种类的繁殖习性相似,即繁殖旺期发生在旱季或者旱季和雨季交替期间[3839]。塞拉利昂沿海的初级生产力在旱季显著升高[40],为鱼类旺盛的繁殖活动提供了丰富的饵料。西非沿岸海域大眼裸颌鲈的繁殖期因位置变化而出现差异,例如科特迪瓦象牙海岸为2−7月,2−5月为其繁殖旺期[41],尼日利亚拉各斯沿海为7−9月[42],塞内加尔沿海为10月至翌年3月[43],加纳沿海在全年内均会进行产卵活动[44]。因此,西非沿海各个国家大眼裸颌鲈的Wr变化并非同步,地理位置和所处生态环境对其具有重要影响。另外,也有可能是因为其属于不同的群落所致,比如研究表明塞拉利昂海域的大眼裸颌鲈即分属两个不同群落,分别为近岸群落和远离海岸的近海群落[31, 45],两者之间在生长发育上也可能存在一定差异。
鱼类Wr与食物的可获得性存在直接关系,而对于同一种群,摄食习性随体长增加发生变化更是非常普遍的现象[4647]。正如本研究中,随着体长的增加,不同月份大眼裸颌鲈Wr指数的变化具有显著差异。未达到性成熟小体长组的Wr在雨季(9月、10月,包括盐度水平更接近雨季的12月)较高,随体长增加逐渐降低,而旱季与之相反,小体长组的Wr指数较低,大个体的Wr指数较高(图4)。鱼类的摄食往往符合Gerking的“最佳摄食理论”,即捕食者总是尽可能地捕食个体较大的饵料以最大限度地获得更多能量[48]。据研究,在雨季,特别是雨季即将结束时的9月和10月,塞拉利昂沿海底栖物种的丰富度指数显著降低[31, 49],符合大个体大眼裸颌最佳食物选择的种类和数量减少,这可能是导致雨季大体长组个体Wr处于低水平的重要原因。另外,雨季时大量的成体海洋生物往往更喜欢从浅水区迁往远离海岸线的深水区[50],而幼体可能由于游泳能力弱、为了规避被大个体海洋生物所捕食的风险等原因依然滞留在浅水区域,这可能也恰恰降低了大眼裸颌鲈未成体的摄食竞争,导致此时小个体的Wr指数较高。当然,Wr的变化是环境、生理、人类活动等多种因素相互作用的结果,相关问题仍需进一步深入研究。
致谢:感谢在2019−2021年新冠疫情暴发期间,远赴塞拉利昂近海执行调查任务的科考船“中渔科212号”全体船员和调查人员,以及塞拉利昂海洋渔业主管部门在调查工作中给予的帮助,一并致谢。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2019YFD0901405)
  • 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2020TD03)
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doi: 10.12284/hyxb2025008
  • 接收时间:2024-08-16
  • 首发时间:2025-11-10
  • 出版时间:2025-01-31
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-16
  • 修回日期:2024-12-03
  • 录用日期:2024-12-19
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国家重点研发计划(2019YFD0901405)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2020TD03)
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    中国水产科学研究院 东海水产研究所,农业农村部远洋与极地渔业创新重点实验室,上海 200090

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*李灵智,副研究员,主要从事捕捞学和鱼类生态学研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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