Article(id=1194652705667916347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1194652705147822651, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12284/hyxb2025020, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1712073600000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-03, revisedDate=1730131200000, revisedDateStr=2024-10-29, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1762757000605, onlineDateStr=2025-11-10, pubDate=1738252800000, pubDateStr=2025-01-31, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1762757000605, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-11-10, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1762757000605, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762757000605, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1194652705147822651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2025', volume='47', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='132', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1762757000481, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1762757000481, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null}, startPage=25, endPage=35, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1194652705919574590, articleId=1194652705667916347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Biogeochemical behaviors of 210Po, 210Bi, and 210Pb in the East China Sea close to the Changjiang River Estuary during a spring red tide event, columnId=1194652705852465724, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The 210Bi-210Pb radionuclide pair is considered to be a new radiotracer for particulate carbon dynamics. Due to the very short half-life of 210Bi and the difficulty of determination, we have very few knowledge about the biogeochemical behavior of 210Bi in the ocean and whether there is a 210Bi-210Pb activity disequilibrium. This paper reported the observation results of dissolved and particulate 210Po, 210Bi, and 210Pb and their activity ratios in seawaters in the East China Sea close to the Changjiang River Estuary during a red tide event on the spring scientific cruise organized by National Natural Science Foundation of China from May 5 to 15, 2017. The results showed that the 210Po/210Pb activity ratio varied from 0.20 to 2.08, with an average of 0.82±0.58 (n=15) and the 210Bi/210Pb activity ratio changed between 0.31 and 3.72, showing an average of 1.38±0.79 (n=15). This phenomenon indicates that the activity disequilibrium of 210Po-210Pb and 210Bi-210Pb was ubiquitous in the seawater. More specifically, there is an obvious excess of 210Po and 210Bi relative to 210Pb in deep seawater, which implied that 210Po and 210Bi might be released from sinking particles in the middle and deep layer of water column. By calculating the distribution coefficients and fractionation factors of 210Po, 210Bi, and 210Pb, it was found that suspended particles in seawater tended to preferentially scavenge and remove 210Po and 210Bi, comparing with 210Pb. Similar to 210Po, 210Bi showed a stronger particle affinity for marine suspended particles than 210Pb, and the increase of phytoplankton biomass can promote the fractionation behavior between 210Bi and 210Pb, supporting the idea that 210Bi-210Pb can be used to trace particle processes in the ocean.

, correspAuthors=Qiangqiang Zhong, Juan Du, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Haiyang Xuebao, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Wenqing Zhou, Qiangqiang Zhong, Yuehua Zhou, Qiugui Wang, Hao Wang, Juan Du), CN=ArticleExt(id=1194652922853172053, articleId=1194652705667916347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=长江口外东海赤潮暴发期间210Po-210Bi-210Pb的生物地球化学行为研究, columnId=1149698756456657529, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

210Bi-210Pb核素对被认为是一种新型的可以示踪海洋颗粒物动力学过程的良好示踪剂。由于210Bi半衰期较短以及分析难度较大等限制因素的存在,人们对海洋中210Bi的生物地球化学行为如何以及是否存在210Bi-210Pb活度不平衡现象这两个问题缺乏足够认知。本文于2017年5月5日至15日搭载国家自然科学基金委春季航次对长江口外东海赤潮暴发期间水体中溶解态和颗粒态(溶解态+颗粒态=总态)210Po、210Bi和210Pb活度浓度及核素活度比进行了现场观测。结果显示,总态210Po/210Pb活度比在0.20到2.08之间变化,平均值为0.82±0.58(n=15);总态210Bi/210Pb活度比在0.32到3.72之间变化,平均值为1.38±0.79(n=15),表明水体中普遍存在210Po-210Pb和210Bi-210Pb活度不平衡现象;而深层水体中存在明显的210Po和210Bi相对于210Pb过剩的现象,表明210Po和210Bi伴随颗粒物在中−深层水体中发生再溶出现象。通过计算3种核素的分配系数和分馏因子,本文发现颗粒物在同时清除210Po、210Bi和210Pb的过程中,倾向于优先清除210Po和210Bi;与210Po类似,210Bi表现出比210Pb更强的海洋颗粒物亲和活性特征,浮游植物暴发(生物量的增加)能促进210Bi与210Pb之间的分馏行为,支持了210Bi-210Pb可用于示踪海洋颗粒物过程的观点。

, correspAuthors=钟强强, 杜娟, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*钟强强,副研究员,主要研究方向为同位素海洋学。E-mail:
杜娟,女,博士,主要研究方向为同位素环境地球化学。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《海洋学报》编辑部 2025, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=HUmc2gfENd80mUo5W+aYVQ==, magXml=GN46+OIZOS3vZK6kgsMSEw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=oWNcVyh7msFTzAoaUl4oCg==, pdfFileSize=2149384, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=BGr6MbFp/Jt6VT8jkZBPyQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=NnLipmGFDDwwWJR1tI0Qbw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

周文清(1988—),男,山东省临沂市人,主要从事海洋放射性监测技术研究。E-mail:

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周文清(1988—),男,山东省临沂市人,主要从事海洋放射性监测技术研究。E-mail:

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周文清(1988—),男,山东省临沂市人,主要从事海洋放射性监测技术研究。E-mail:

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Procedures in red dashed boxes were accomplished on the scientific research ship

, figureFileSmall=grS3ehdZzd8Jng4/+c5mng==, figureFileBig=4zolZzvQH6tIdhm3tsrr5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194975318403433146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1194652705667916347, language=CN, label=图2, caption=海水样品中溶解态和颗粒态 210Po、210Bi 和 210Pb 分析流程(修改自Zhong 等[12]

红框中的流程步骤需在科考船上完成

, figureFileSmall=grS3ehdZzd8Jng4/+c5mng==, figureFileBig=4zolZzvQH6tIdhm3tsrr5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194975318529262267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1194652705667916347, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Histograms of the total 210Po/210Pb activity ratio (a) and total 210Bi/210Pb (b) and the box plot of radionuclide activity ratios (c) during red tide outbreak in the East China Sea close to the Changjiang River Estuary, figureFileSmall=nl/qjW4gr0ouqjikzskikw==, figureFileBig=4D5JeWuXKBorbqo6CHc0xQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194975318596371132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1194652705667916347, language=CN, label=图3, caption=长江口外东海赤潮暴发期间水体总态210Po/210Pb(a)和210Bi/210Pb(b)活度比频数分布直方图及核素活度比盒须图(c), figureFileSmall=nl/qjW4gr0ouqjikzskikw==, figureFileBig=4D5JeWuXKBorbqo6CHc0xQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194975318680257213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1194652705667916347, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Relationships between 210Po/210Pb (a) and 210Bi/210Pb activity ratio (b) as a function of POC concentration, figureFileSmall=Sq3Q2VOnmVDufT3SBNFRiw==, figureFileBig=uCxAEfWH2me9+Z+C/qiuLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194975318751560382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1194652705667916347, language=CN, label=图4, caption=210Po/210Pb(a)和210Bi/210Pb活度比(b)随POC浓度的变化关系, figureFileSmall=Sq3Q2VOnmVDufT3SBNFRiw==, figureFileBig=uCxAEfWH2me9+Z+C/qiuLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194975318852223679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1194652705667916347, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Correlation analysis between the distribution coefficients of 210Po, 210Bi, and 210Pb and the TSM mass concentrations in the East China Sea during red tide, figureFileSmall=vGWUuOWxk9Y5mv0amcjxEw==, figureFileBig=yxlwNQR+U7NsH1iGsRp2Hg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194975318927721152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1194652705667916347, language=CN, label=图5, caption=东海赤潮暴发期 210Po、210Bi和210Pb的分配系数与TSM质量浓度之间的相关性分析, figureFileSmall=vGWUuOWxk9Y5mv0amcjxEw==, figureFileBig=yxlwNQR+U7NsH1iGsRp2Hg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194975318994830017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1194652705667916347, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Relationship between 210Po-210Pb (FPo/Pb) and 210Bi-210Pb fractionation factors (FBi/Pb) and TSM (a), Chla (b), and POC concentration (c), figureFileSmall=5BTXJbBjqDNYZCF5/aOA+g==, figureFileBig=KEYOL70hUygjhSLcSofgtQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194975319066133186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1194652705667916347, language=CN, label=图6, caption=210Po-210Pb(FPo/Pb)和210Bi-210Pb分馏因子(FBi/Pb)与TSM浓度(a)、Chla浓度(b)和POC浓度(c)之间的变化关系, figureFileSmall=5BTXJbBjqDNYZCF5/aOA+g==, figureFileBig=KEYOL70hUygjhSLcSofgtQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1194975319141630659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1194652705667916347, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Information for sampling stations and hydrochemical parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
站位层位纬度/°N经度/°E采样时间站位水深/m体积/L盐度温度/℃TSM(mg·L−1Chla(ug·L−1)POC/(umol·L−1)备注
A11-41 m29.02122.742017−05−05 17:415653.829.919.14.42.459±2轻微赤潮
A10-51 m29.32123.002017−05−06 6:00575330.418.92.11.6NA无明显赤潮
A9-41 m29.77123.252017−05−07 14:58585131.419.733.214.4292±12赤潮严重
A8-41 m30.05123.262017−05−08 19:306746.630.719.32.10.8963±3赤潮严重
10 m30.05123.262017−05−08 19:306754.730.518.76.6NA200±8赤潮严重
20 m30.05123.262017−05−08 19:306749.230.818.09.2NA64±3赤潮严重
30 m30.05123.262017−05−08 19:306745.532.719.15.50.6125±1赤潮严重
45 m30.05123.262017−05−08 19:306754.933.819.62.9NA25±1赤潮严重
60 m30.05123.262017−05−08 19:306755.333.719.514.10.10NA赤潮严重
A7-51 m30.26123.492017−05−13 13:426452.132.322.38.810.8286±11赤潮严重
A6-111 m30.40123.992017−05−13 17:004953.930.020.03.22.362±3无明显赤潮
A5-71 m30.78123.492017−05−15 11:105464.329.419.51.31.433±1无明显赤潮
A4-61 m31.07123.252017−05−15 13:455562.328.819.72.62.449±2无明显赤潮
A1-71 m32.25123.492017−05−11 16:003861.629.517.96.42.386±3轻微赤潮
SS1 m30.71122.812017−05−12 12:101977.529.7NA3.9NA45±2无明显赤潮
), ArticleFig(id=1194975319217128132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1194652705667916347, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

采样信息及水化学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
站位层位纬度/°N经度/°E采样时间站位水深/m体积/L盐度温度/℃TSM(mg·L−1Chla(ug·L−1)POC/(umol·L−1)备注
A11-41 m29.02122.742017−05−05 17:415653.829.919.14.42.459±2轻微赤潮
A10-51 m29.32123.002017−05−06 6:00575330.418.92.11.6NA无明显赤潮
A9-41 m29.77123.252017−05−07 14:58585131.419.733.214.4292±12赤潮严重
A8-41 m30.05123.262017−05−08 19:306746.630.719.32.10.8963±3赤潮严重
10 m30.05123.262017−05−08 19:306754.730.518.76.6NA200±8赤潮严重
20 m30.05123.262017−05−08 19:306749.230.818.09.2NA64±3赤潮严重
30 m30.05123.262017−05−08 19:306745.532.719.15.50.6125±1赤潮严重
45 m30.05123.262017−05−08 19:306754.933.819.62.9NA25±1赤潮严重
60 m30.05123.262017−05−08 19:306755.333.719.514.10.10NA赤潮严重
A7-51 m30.26123.492017−05−13 13:426452.132.322.38.810.8286±11赤潮严重
A6-111 m30.40123.992017−05−13 17:004953.930.020.03.22.362±3无明显赤潮
A5-71 m30.78123.492017−05−15 11:105464.329.419.51.31.433±1无明显赤潮
A4-61 m31.07123.252017−05−15 13:455562.328.819.72.62.449±2无明显赤潮
A1-71 m32.25123.492017−05−11 16:003861.629.517.96.42.386±3轻微赤潮
SS1 m30.71122.812017−05−12 12:101977.529.7NA3.9NA45±2无明显赤潮
), ArticleFig(id=1194975319313597125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1194652705667916347, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Activity concentrations and activity ratios of 210Po, 210Bi, and 210Pb in seawater samples in the East China Sea close to the Changjiang Estuary during red tide

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
站位层位210Po-D210Bi-D210Pb-D210Po-P210Bi-P210Pb-P210Po-T210Bi-T210Pb-T210Po-T / 210Pb-T210Bi-T / 210Pb-T
dpm/100 L
A11-41 m6.55±0.9715.9±1.5121.8±0.832.24±0.165.58±0.535.89±0.458.79±0.9821.5±2.127.7±1.050.320.78
A10-51 m6.27±0.763.44±0.412.33±0.132.54±0.183.37±0.4012.8±0.848.81±0.786.82±0.6815.1±0.860.580.45
A9-41 m1.27±0.096.94±0.668.41±0.513.08±0.2112.1±1.153.36±0.214.35±0.2319.0±1.9011.7±0.710.371.62
A8-41 m0.84±0.067.38±0.898.34±0.481.23±0.077.63±0.921.98±0.132.07±0.1015.0±1.5010.3±0.600.21.46
10 m6.48±1.1813.5±1.285.97±0.312.12±0.1511.0±1.055.78±0.368.60±1.1924.5±2.4511.7±0.620.732.09
20 m6.13±0.4219.7±2.3729.7±1.402.09±0.122.09±0.252.03±0.158.22±0.4421.8±2.1831.7±1.500.260.69
30 m15.4±0.605.34±0.519.72±0.442.59±0.185.56±0.530.85±0.0718.0±0.6210.9±1.0910.6±0.481.701.03
45 m4.66±0.9313.4±1.603.95±0.234.51±0.283.04±0.360.46±0.039.18±0.9716.4±1.644.41±0.252.083.72
60 m7.59±0.295.33±0.515.07±0.295.79±0.348.19±0.782.93±0.2013.4±0.4513.5±1.357.99±0.461.671.69
A7-51 m4.31±0.302.59±0.316.08±0.265.21±0.338.65±1.0411.3±0.529.53±0.445.62±0.5617.4±0.740.550.32
A6-111 m4.36±0.637.68±0.734.44±0.361.57±0.102.01±0.191.99±0.125.93±0.649.69±0.976.43±0.530.921.51
A5-71 m2.81±0.348.28±0.991.10±0.071.35±0.086.38±0.777.02±0.564.15±0.3514.7±1.58.12±0.530.511.81
A4-61 m4.56±0.633.12±0.301.84±0.121.45±0.101.13±0.112.43±0.176.01±0.644.26±0.434.26±0.271.411.00
SS1 m1.74±0.155.06±0.482.72±0.183.91±0.245.74±0.556.69±0.415.65±0.2810.8±1.089.41±0.640.61.15
A1-71 m1.86±0.224.90±0.594.42±0.341.53±0.096.04±0.733.71±0.203.39±0.2410.9±1.098.13±0.620.421.35
最小值0.842.591.11.231.130.462.074.264.260.20.32
最大值15.419.729.75.7912.112.81824.531.72.083.72
平均值±SD4.99±3.468.17±4.957.72±7.62.75±1.415.90±3.134.61±3.537.74±3.9313.7±5.9112.3±7.650.82±0.581.38±0.79
), ArticleFig(id=1194975319405871814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1194652705667916347, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

长江口外东海赤潮暴发期间海水中210Po、210Bi和210Pb的活度浓度大小和核素活度比值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
站位层位210Po-D210Bi-D210Pb-D210Po-P210Bi-P210Pb-P210Po-T210Bi-T210Pb-T210Po-T / 210Pb-T210Bi-T / 210Pb-T
dpm/100 L
A11-41 m6.55±0.9715.9±1.5121.8±0.832.24±0.165.58±0.535.89±0.458.79±0.9821.5±2.127.7±1.050.320.78
A10-51 m6.27±0.763.44±0.412.33±0.132.54±0.183.37±0.4012.8±0.848.81±0.786.82±0.6815.1±0.860.580.45
A9-41 m1.27±0.096.94±0.668.41±0.513.08±0.2112.1±1.153.36±0.214.35±0.2319.0±1.9011.7±0.710.371.62
A8-41 m0.84±0.067.38±0.898.34±0.481.23±0.077.63±0.921.98±0.132.07±0.1015.0±1.5010.3±0.600.21.46
10 m6.48±1.1813.5±1.285.97±0.312.12±0.1511.0±1.055.78±0.368.60±1.1924.5±2.4511.7±0.620.732.09
20 m6.13±0.4219.7±2.3729.7±1.402.09±0.122.09±0.252.03±0.158.22±0.4421.8±2.1831.7±1.500.260.69
30 m15.4±0.605.34±0.519.72±0.442.59±0.185.56±0.530.85±0.0718.0±0.6210.9±1.0910.6±0.481.701.03
45 m4.66±0.9313.4±1.603.95±0.234.51±0.283.04±0.360.46±0.039.18±0.9716.4±1.644.41±0.252.083.72
60 m7.59±0.295.33±0.515.07±0.295.79±0.348.19±0.782.93±0.2013.4±0.4513.5±1.357.99±0.461.671.69
A7-51 m4.31±0.302.59±0.316.08±0.265.21±0.338.65±1.0411.3±0.529.53±0.445.62±0.5617.4±0.740.550.32
A6-111 m4.36±0.637.68±0.734.44±0.361.57±0.102.01±0.191.99±0.125.93±0.649.69±0.976.43±0.530.921.51
A5-71 m2.81±0.348.28±0.991.10±0.071.35±0.086.38±0.777.02±0.564.15±0.3514.7±1.58.12±0.530.511.81
A4-61 m4.56±0.633.12±0.301.84±0.121.45±0.101.13±0.112.43±0.176.01±0.644.26±0.434.26±0.271.411.00
SS1 m1.74±0.155.06±0.482.72±0.183.91±0.245.74±0.556.69±0.415.65±0.2810.8±1.089.41±0.640.61.15
A1-71 m1.86±0.224.90±0.594.42±0.341.53±0.096.04±0.733.71±0.203.39±0.2410.9±1.098.13±0.620.421.35
最小值0.842.591.11.231.130.462.074.264.260.20.32
最大值15.419.729.75.7912.112.81824.531.72.083.72
平均值±SD4.99±3.468.17±4.957.72±7.62.75±1.415.90±3.134.61±3.537.74±3.9313.7±5.9112.3±7.650.82±0.581.38±0.79
), ArticleFig(id=1194975319502340807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1194652705667916347, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Distribution coefficients of 210Po, 210Bi, and 210Pb and fractionation factors of 210Po-210Pb and 210Bi-210Pb

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
站位层位Kd-210PoKd-210BiKd-210PbFPo/PbFBi/PbFPo/Bi
mL/g
A11-41 m7.71E+047.91E+046.08E+041.271.300.97
A10-51 m1.93E+054.65E+052.61E+060.070.180.42
A9-41 m7.29E+045.25E+041.20E+046.064.361.39
A8-41 m7.11E+055.02E+051.15E+056.184.361.42
10 m4.95E+041.23E+051.46E+050.340.840.40
20 m3.70E+041.15E+047.43E+034.981.553.22
30 m3.06E+041.89E+051.59E+041.9311.90.16
45 m3.31E+057.77E+043.97E+048.341.964.26
60 m5.43E+041.09E+054.11E+041.322.660.50
A7-51 m1.37E+053.80E+052.11E+050.651.800.66
A6-111 m1.13E+058.18E+041.40E+050.800.581.98
A5-71 m3.56E+055.72E+054.72E+060.080.120.36
A4-61 m1.20E+051.37E+055.01E+050.240.271.38
A1-71 m1.28E+051.93E+051.31E+050.981.470.62
SS1 m5.75E+052.90E+056.27E+050.920.460.88
最小值3.06E+041.15E+047.43E+030.070.120.16
最大值7.11E+055.72E+054.72E+068.3411.934.26
平均值1.99E+052.18E+056.26E+052.352.321.24
标准偏差1.99E+051.74E+051.27E+062.682.991.11
), ArticleFig(id=1194975319586226888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1194652705667916347, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

水体中210Po、210Bi和210Pb的分配系数以及210Po-210Pb和210Bi-210Pb的分馏因子

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
站位层位Kd-210PoKd-210BiKd-210PbFPo/PbFBi/PbFPo/Bi
mL/g
A11-41 m7.71E+047.91E+046.08E+041.271.300.97
A10-51 m1.93E+054.65E+052.61E+060.070.180.42
A9-41 m7.29E+045.25E+041.20E+046.064.361.39
A8-41 m7.11E+055.02E+051.15E+056.184.361.42
10 m4.95E+041.23E+051.46E+050.340.840.40
20 m3.70E+041.15E+047.43E+034.981.553.22
30 m3.06E+041.89E+051.59E+041.9311.90.16
45 m3.31E+057.77E+043.97E+048.341.964.26
60 m5.43E+041.09E+054.11E+041.322.660.50
A7-51 m1.37E+053.80E+052.11E+050.651.800.66
A6-111 m1.13E+058.18E+041.40E+050.800.581.98
A5-71 m3.56E+055.72E+054.72E+060.080.120.36
A4-61 m1.20E+051.37E+055.01E+050.240.271.38
A1-71 m1.28E+051.93E+051.31E+050.981.470.62
SS1 m5.75E+052.90E+056.27E+050.920.460.88
最小值3.06E+041.15E+047.43E+030.070.120.16
最大值7.11E+055.72E+054.72E+068.3411.934.26
平均值1.99E+052.18E+056.26E+052.352.321.24
标准偏差1.99E+051.74E+051.27E+062.682.991.11
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长江口外东海赤潮暴发期间210Po-210Bi-210Pb的生物地球化学行为研究
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周文清 1 , 钟强强 2, 3, * , 周曰华 4 , 王求贵 5 , 王浩 2 , 杜娟 6, *
海洋学报 | 论文 2025,47(1): 25-35
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海洋学报 | 论文 2025, 47(1): 25-35
长江口外东海赤潮暴发期间210Po-210Bi-210Pb的生物地球化学行为研究
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周文清1 , 钟强强2, 3, * , 周曰华4, 王求贵5, 王浩2, 杜娟6, *
作者信息
  • 1.国家海洋技术中心 自然资源部海洋观测技术重点实验室,天津 300112
  • 2.自然资源部 第三海洋研究所,福建 厦门 361005
  • 3.华东师范大学 河口海岸学国家重点实验室,上海 200062
  • 4.厦门特殊教育学校,福建 厦门 361008
  • 5.广州大学 环境科学与工程学院,广东 广州 510006
  • 6.东莞理工学院 生态环境工程技术研发中心,广东 东莞 523808
  • 周文清(1988—),男,山东省临沂市人,主要从事海洋放射性监测技术研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

*钟强强,副研究员,主要研究方向为同位素海洋学。E-mail:
杜娟,女,博士,主要研究方向为同位素环境地球化学。E-mail:
Biogeochemical behaviors of 210Po, 210Bi, and 210Pb in the East China Sea close to the Changjiang River Estuary during a spring red tide event
Wenqing Zhou1 , Qiangqiang Zhong2, 3, * , Yuehua Zhou4, Qiugui Wang5, Hao Wang2, Juan Du6, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation Technology, National Ocean Technology Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Tianjin 300112, China
  • 2. Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
  • 3. State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
  • 4. Xiamen Special Education School, Xiamen 361008, China
  • 5. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
  • 6. Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
出版时间: 2025-01-31 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2025020
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210Bi-210Pb核素对被认为是一种新型的可以示踪海洋颗粒物动力学过程的良好示踪剂。由于210Bi半衰期较短以及分析难度较大等限制因素的存在,人们对海洋中210Bi的生物地球化学行为如何以及是否存在210Bi-210Pb活度不平衡现象这两个问题缺乏足够认知。本文于2017年5月5日至15日搭载国家自然科学基金委春季航次对长江口外东海赤潮暴发期间水体中溶解态和颗粒态(溶解态+颗粒态=总态)210Po、210Bi和210Pb活度浓度及核素活度比进行了现场观测。结果显示,总态210Po/210Pb活度比在0.20到2.08之间变化,平均值为0.82±0.58(n=15);总态210Bi/210Pb活度比在0.32到3.72之间变化,平均值为1.38±0.79(n=15),表明水体中普遍存在210Po-210Pb和210Bi-210Pb活度不平衡现象;而深层水体中存在明显的210Po和210Bi相对于210Pb过剩的现象,表明210Po和210Bi伴随颗粒物在中−深层水体中发生再溶出现象。通过计算3种核素的分配系数和分馏因子,本文发现颗粒物在同时清除210Po、210Bi和210Pb的过程中,倾向于优先清除210Po和210Bi;与210Po类似,210Bi表现出比210Pb更强的海洋颗粒物亲和活性特征,浮游植物暴发(生物量的增加)能促进210Bi与210Pb之间的分馏行为,支持了210Bi-210Pb可用于示踪海洋颗粒物过程的观点。

近海  /  210Bi-210Pb活度不平衡  /  赤潮暴发  /  分馏因子  /  生物地球化学行为

The 210Bi-210Pb radionuclide pair is considered to be a new radiotracer for particulate carbon dynamics. Due to the very short half-life of 210Bi and the difficulty of determination, we have very few knowledge about the biogeochemical behavior of 210Bi in the ocean and whether there is a 210Bi-210Pb activity disequilibrium. This paper reported the observation results of dissolved and particulate 210Po, 210Bi, and 210Pb and their activity ratios in seawaters in the East China Sea close to the Changjiang River Estuary during a red tide event on the spring scientific cruise organized by National Natural Science Foundation of China from May 5 to 15, 2017. The results showed that the 210Po/210Pb activity ratio varied from 0.20 to 2.08, with an average of 0.82±0.58 (n=15) and the 210Bi/210Pb activity ratio changed between 0.31 and 3.72, showing an average of 1.38±0.79 (n=15). This phenomenon indicates that the activity disequilibrium of 210Po-210Pb and 210Bi-210Pb was ubiquitous in the seawater. More specifically, there is an obvious excess of 210Po and 210Bi relative to 210Pb in deep seawater, which implied that 210Po and 210Bi might be released from sinking particles in the middle and deep layer of water column. By calculating the distribution coefficients and fractionation factors of 210Po, 210Bi, and 210Pb, it was found that suspended particles in seawater tended to preferentially scavenge and remove 210Po and 210Bi, comparing with 210Pb. Similar to 210Po, 210Bi showed a stronger particle affinity for marine suspended particles than 210Pb, and the increase of phytoplankton biomass can promote the fractionation behavior between 210Bi and 210Pb, supporting the idea that 210Bi-210Pb can be used to trace particle processes in the ocean.

coastal sea  /  210Bi-210Pb disequilibrium  /  red tide  /  fractionation factor  /  biogeochemical behavior
周文清, 钟强强, 周曰华, 王求贵, 王浩, 杜娟. 长江口外东海赤潮暴发期间210Po-210Bi-210Pb的生物地球化学行为研究. 海洋学报, 2025 , 47 (1) : 25 -35 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2025020
Wenqing Zhou, Qiangqiang Zhong, Yuehua Zhou, Qiugui Wang, Hao Wang, Juan Du. Biogeochemical behaviors of 210Po, 210Bi, and 210Pb in the East China Sea close to the Changjiang River Estuary during a spring red tide event[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2025 , 47 (1) : 25 -35 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2025020
海洋是地球最大的碳储库,生物碳泵是海洋吸收大气 CO2的一种重要机制,评估输出生产力,可以构建海洋生物碳泵过程[1]。与沉积物捕获器法等其他评估方法相比,210Po-210Pb 及234Th-238U等示踪法具有成本低廉、可以评估不同时间尺度(月际或季节)海洋真光层颗粒有机碳(POC)输出通量(即输出生产力)等优点[2]。天然存在的210Bi 是210Pb 的子体,其半衰期较短(T1/2: 5.01 d),因此,210Bi-210Pb 核素对被认为是一种新型的可以量化上层水体更短时间尺度(如日尺度/周尺度)的海洋颗粒物循环和输出过程(如赤潮暴发过程)的良好示踪剂[34]。虽然有研究进行了210Po-210Bi-210Pb地化行为室内模拟实验[4],并观察到207Bi 具有较强的颗粒活性以及叶绿素a(Chla)质量浓度的增加会促进 207Bi-210Pb 之间的分馏行为;随后,Yang 等[5]首次对南海东北部陆架区水柱中210Bi-210Pb活度不平衡开展了初步研究,观测了深层水柱中210Bi-210Pb活度不平衡特征并将之应用到南海上层水层POC输出的研究中,发现真光层中210Bi的亏损及真光层之下210Bi的过剩现象,建立了210Bi-210Pb不平衡示踪高颗粒物沉降通量海域颗粒动力学的方法,并提出为该核素对可为今后开展更短时间尺度上颗粒物相关生源要素和污染物的循环提供了新的技术。然而,人们对真实海洋环境中210Bi 的地球化学行为研究和观测仍然非常有限,从近岸到远海乃至到极地海洋中210Bi-210Pb的地球化学行为及其活度不平衡特征如何仍并不清楚。因此非常有必要研究在海洋水体中210Bi 的地球化学行为、210Bi-210Pb活度不平衡特征以及210Bi-210Pb分配/分馏行为的影响因素,并探究海洋中210Bi的地化行为与POC的关系,为其后续的示踪应用奠定坚实基础。
海洋中经典的234Th示踪法倾向于示踪海洋中总(无机和有机)颗粒物输出过程,相比234Th,210Po由于具有更强的生物亲和性,其更倾向于示踪海源生物有机颗粒物的输出过程。因此,当赤潮暴发时,海水中生源有机颗粒物将大大增加,此时为观测210Po-210Bi-210Pb地球化学行为的有利时机。长江口外东海海域 20 世纪 70 年代以后, 随着沿江城市经济快速发展, 人类活动加剧, 经由长江输送的无机氮和活性磷酸盐通量上升, 硅酸盐下降[6], 长江口及邻近海域富营养化问题日益凸显[7], 赤潮发生频率增加、规模扩大、 成为中国赤潮暴发频率最高的区域之一[810]。长江口及邻近海域赤潮多发期为5−8月,其中5−6月赤潮发生频率高达65%以上[11]。因此,长江口外东海海域是研究赤潮期间210Po-210Bi-210Pb 3种核素地球化学行为以及核素活度不平衡特征十分合适的研究区域。搭载2017年5月国家自然科学基金委组织的春季共享航次,本文首次报道了长江口外东海近岸海域赤潮暴发期间水体中210Po、210Bi和210Pb 3种核素的活度浓度、210Po/210Pb和210Bi/210Pb活度比等的观测结果,进一步计算讨论了210Po-210Bi-210Pb 3种核素的生物地球化学行为[如核素分配行为−分馏行为及其与总悬浮颗粒物(TSM)质量浓度、POC浓度、(Chla)质量浓度的联系]。本文的研究结果将为后续在海洋中应用210Bi-210Pb核素对进行示踪应用提供前期的探索。
于2017年5月搭载国家自然科学基金委春季长江口航次进行本文所需样品的采集和测量,具体采样站位和有关采样信息如图1表1所示。海水样品使用30 L Go-Flo采水器采集,原位海水的温度和盐度数据直接由科考船载CTD获取。于采集后的2 h内,将约60 L海水样品通过孔径为0.45 μm的醋酸纤维素膜(直径142 mm)过滤,分成溶解态(<0.45 μm)和颗粒态(>0.45 μm)样品,用于分析210Pb、210Bi和210Po 3种核素活度浓度。另外分取约4 L海水使用预先在450℃下灼烧过并称重的GF/F玻璃纤维滤膜(47 mm, 0.7 μm,Whatman公司)过滤,过滤后的膜样置于−5℃冰箱中冷冻保存,待航次结束后带回实验室进行后续处理以获取TSM浓度和POC浓度等参数。
海水样品中210Po、210Bi和210Pb活度的联合分析方法引自Zhong等[12]发表的文章。由于210Bi的半衰期仅为5.01 d,为降低210Bi的衰变损失和母体210Pb的内生长贡献,海水样品中3种核素的联合分析流程中许多步骤需要在科考船上完成,具体实验流程如图2所示[12]。含有颗粒物的醋酸纤维素膜裁剪成碎片置于特氟龙烧杯中,依次加入定量的209Po(2 dpm)、207Bi(30 dpm)和稳定Pb2+(20 mg Pb2+,硝酸铅溶液)作为内标物,滤膜随后通过加入混合酸(氢氟酸∶高氯酸∶硝酸=1∶1∶1)进行消解处理(加热板温度控制小于200℃),直到烧杯中出现无色残留物。通常类似消解操作需要6~8 h才能将颗粒态样品消解至澄清透明。
过滤后的海水溶解态样品通过加入浓缩的盐酸进行酸化,直到pH值小于2。对于大体积容量的海水样品(约60 L),加入200 mg Fe3+(FeCl3溶液)。然后,在酸化的海水样品中加入20 mg的Pb2+载体、2 dpm的209Po和30 dpm的207Bi示踪剂。在水样中同位素达到分布平衡后(1~2 h搅拌),通过加入浓氨水溶液并混合均匀,调整溶液的pH值为9左右,使生成氢氧化物沉淀。静置过夜(8~10 h)后,沉淀物沉降在桶底部,随后将上清液小心地虹吸弃去。紧接着将氢氧化物浆液以5000 r/min速度离心,丢弃剩余的离心后上清液。之后,将沉淀物在60 mL的0.3 mol/L盐酸溶液中溶解。然后,加入一定量抗坏血酸将溶液中Fe3+还原为Fe2+,悬入一面贴有胶带的镍片,在70℃磁力搅拌器上自沉积反应4~5 h,最终将210Po、209Po、210Bi和207Bi等自沉积在镍片表面上。所有的实验操作流程都控制在样品采集的36 h内进行,以尽量减少210Bi的衰减和210Pb的内生长。颗粒态样品消解后用60 mL 0.3 mol/L盐酸溶液溶解后,按溶解态样品相似的操作进行210Po和210Bi的镍片自沉积反应。
之后将镍片封装,并放入超低本底五路β计数器(丹麦科技大学生产,型号为GM-25-5A)进行多次测量获得210Bi的衰变曲线;回到陆地实验室后,再将镍片置于高纯锗γ能谱仪中测定207Bi的回收率并将其作为210Bi的化学回收率[12],用已知活度的210Pb-210Bi-210Po平衡液自制210Bi标准源测量得到210Bi的探测效率。待210Bi测量30 d后,将镍片拆卸出来,镍片表面的210Po和209Po活度利用超低本底alpha能谱仪(型号为7200-08,Canberra公司)测量,210Po的活度根据已知活度209Po作为内标示踪剂计算得到。
对于210Pb的分析测量,需要将自沉积后溶液中残存的210Po和209Po去除干净,本文使用AG1-X8阴离子交换树脂在9 mol/L HCl溶液中去除镀液中剩余的210Po和209Po [13],然后将流出液样品重新添加已知量(2 dpm)的209Po内标示踪剂后密封保存约12个月,以确保母体210Pb生成足够量的210Po以达到测量要求。之后,再次进行镍片自沉积操作,将钋同位素自沉积到镍片表面并再次计数(图2)。210Pb的全流程化学回收率通过初始添加的稳定Pb含量和原子吸收光谱法测定的Pb含量获得。样品中210Po、210Bi和210Pb的原位活度均进行衰变和内生长方程校正、核素的空白扣除[1315]
TSM和POC的测量:回到实验室后,将滤膜烘干至恒重,再次称重,减去空白膜的质量即为悬浮颗粒物样品的质量,除以过滤的海水体积,即可计算出 TSM 质量浓度。随后切取部分膜样,放在装有浓盐酸(37%,优级纯)的干燥器中熏蒸 2 d,除去可能含有的无机碳。再次干燥后将膜样包入小锡舟中,封紧压实。使用同位素比值质谱仪(IR/MS, Finngan Delt plus XP, Thermo 公司, 美国)进行测定,即可测出有机碳的百分含量(OC%),并进一步计算出 POC 浓度,分析精度为± 4%。Chla质量浓度数据由共享航次参航人员提供,其分析方法为:将300 mL原位海水经QMA石英纤维滤膜(购买自德国Whatman 公司)低真空度缓慢过滤,随后立即用10 mL 90%丙酮溶液在低温、黑暗环境条件下萃取12 h以上。之后,溶液离心,取出上清液用Hitachi F-4500型荧光分光光度计测定。
采样时刻颗粒态和溶解态样品中210Bi的活度需要进行校正。第一次自沉积时刻(t1)镍片上210Bi的活度($ A_{^{210}\mathrm{Bi}}\left(t_1\right) $ )为
$ {A}_{{}^{210}\mathrm{Bi}}\left({t}_{1}\right)=\frac{{N}_{{\text{βi}}}}{{\eta }_{{\mathrm{Bi}}}{Y}_{{\mathrm{Bi}}}V} \text{,} $
式中:Nβi表示扣除背景计数率后的总β净计数率;V表示海水样的过滤体积;ηBi表示β计数器对镍片上210Bi的探测效率;YBiγ能谱仪测得207Bi的回收率,也即210Bi的化学回收率。采样时刻颗粒态和溶解态样品中210Bi的活度($ A_{^{210}\mathrm{Bi}}\left(t_0\right) $)校正公式如下:
$ {A}_{{}^{210}\mathrm{Bi}}\left({t}_{0}\right)={A}_{{}^{210}\mathrm{Bi}}\left({t}_{1}\right)-\frac{{\lambda }_{{\mathrm{Bi}}}}{{\lambda }_{{\mathrm{Bi}}}-{\lambda }_{{\mathrm{Pb}}}}{A}_{{}^{210}{\mathrm{Pb}}}\left({t}_{0}\right){\mathrm{e}}^{{\lambda }_{{\mathrm{Bi}}}{T}_{1}}\left({e}^{-{\lambda }_{{\mathrm{Pb}}}{T}_{1}}-{e}^{-{\lambda }_{{\mathrm{Bi}}}{T}_{1}}\right) \text{,} $
式中:$ A_{^{210}\mathrm{Pb}}\left(t_0\right) $为采样时刻的210Pb活度,由第二次自沉积获得的210Po活度[公式(5)]可计算得到;λBi210Bi的衰变常数(0.138 4 d−1),λPb表示210Pb的衰变常数(8.54×10−5 d−1);T1代表采样时刻与第一次自沉积结束时刻之间间隔的时间(通常在36 h以内)。
采样时刻海水样品中210Po的活度同样需要进行衰变和内生长校正。开始测量时刻镍片上210Po的活度($ A_{^{210}\mathrm{Po}}\left(t_1\right) $)为
$ {\mathrm{A}}_{{}^{210}{\mathrm{Po}}}\left({t}_{1}\right)=\frac{{N}_{{}^{210}{\mathrm{Po}}}\left({t}_{1}\right)}{{N}_{{}^{209}{\mathrm{Po}}}\left({t}_{1}\right)}\times {A}_{{}^{209}{\mathrm{Po}}}\times \frac{1}{V}\text{,} $
式中:$ A_{^{209}\mathrm{Po}} $为消解或共沉淀时加入的209Po示踪剂活度;N表示α能谱仪中特征峰面积。因此,采样时刻海水颗粒态或溶解态样品中210Po的活度为
$\begin{split} {A}_{{}^{210}\mathrm{Po}}\left({t}_{0}\right)=&{A}_{{}^{210}\mathrm{Po}}\left({t}_{1}\right){\mathrm{e}}^{{\lambda }_{\mathrm{Po}}{T}_{2}}-{A}_{{}^{210}\mathrm{Bi}}\left({t}_{0}\right){\mathrm{e}}^{{\lambda }_{Po}{T}_{1}}\times \\&\left[\frac{{\lambda }_{\mathrm{Po}}}{{\lambda }_{\mathrm{Po}}-{\lambda }_{\mathrm{Bi}}}{\mathrm{e}}^{-{\lambda }_{\mathrm{Bi}}{T}_{1}}+\frac{{\lambda }_{\mathrm{Po}}}{{\lambda }_{\mathrm{Bi}}-{\lambda }_{\mathrm{Po}}}{\mathrm{e}}^{-{\lambda }_{\mathrm{Po}}{T}_{1}}\right]-\\&{A}_{{}^{210}\mathrm{Pb}}\left({t}_{0}\right){\mathrm{e}}^{{\lambda }_{\mathrm{Po}}{T}_{1}}{\lambda }_{\mathrm{Bi}}{\lambda }_{\mathrm{Po}}\left[\frac{{\mathrm{e}}^{-{\lambda }_{\mathrm{Pb}}{T}_{1}}}{\left({\lambda }_{\mathrm{Bi}}-{\lambda }_{\mathrm{Pb}}\right)\left({\lambda }_{\mathrm{Po}}-{\lambda }_{\mathrm{Pb}}\right)}+\right.\\&\left.\frac{{\mathrm{e}}^{-{\lambda }_{\mathrm{Bi}}{T}_{1}}}{\left({\lambda }_{\mathrm{Pb}}-{\lambda }_{\mathrm{Bi}}\right)\left({\lambda }_{\mathrm{Po}}-{\lambda }_{\mathrm{Bi}}\right)}+\frac{{\mathrm{e}}^{-{\lambda }_{\mathrm{Po}}{T}_{1}}}{\left({\lambda }_{\mathrm{Pb}}-{\lambda }_{\mathrm{Po}}\right)\left({\lambda }_{\mathrm{Bi}}-{\lambda }_{\mathrm{Po}}\right)}\right] \text{,} \end{split}$
式中:T2表示第一次自沉积结束时刻至镍片送入α能谱仪中测量之间间隔的时间(通常在30~40 d);λPo代表210Po的衰变常数(2.01×10−3 d−1)。其他变量的表示意义同上。
存放1 a后,流出液样品中210Po已经由母体210Pb内生长到足够测量的活度,此时210Pb的活度计算公式如下:
$ \begin{split}{A}_{{}^{210}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{b}}\left({t}_{0}\right)=&\frac{{N}_{{}^{210}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{o}}\left({t}_{2}\right)}{{N}_{{}^{209}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{o}}\left({t}_{2}\right)}\times {A}_{{}^{209}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{o}}\times \frac{1}{V}\times {\mathrm{e}}^{{\lambda }_{\mathrm{P}\mathrm{b}}\left({t}_{2}-{t}_{0}\right)}\times \\&\frac{\left({\lambda }_{Po}-{\lambda }_{Pb}\right)}{{Y}_{{\mathrm{Pb}}}\times {\lambda }_{Po}\times \left[1-{{\mathrm{e}}}^{{-\lambda }_{{\mathrm{Po}}}{t}_{s}}\right]}\text{,}\end{split} $
式中:$ {A}_{{}^{210}{\mathrm{Pb}}}\left({t}_{0}\right) $表示采样时刻210Pb的活度浓度;$ {N}_{{}^{210}{\mathrm{Po}}}\left({t}_{2}\right) $$ {N}_{{}^{209}{\mathrm{Po}}}\left({t}_{2}\right) $分别代表第二次自沉积时样品谱图中210Po峰面积和209Po的峰面积;t2t0分别代表样品第二次自沉积—α能谱测量时刻(t2)和采样时刻(t0)之间间隔的时间(通常在360~400 d);ts是流出液存放时长(通常在330~360 d);YPb是原子吸收法测得210Pb的化学回收率;λPb表示210Pb的衰变常数(8.54×10−5 d−1)。其他变量的表示意义同上。
春季长江口外东海各观测站位采样信息和水化学参数列于表1,可以看到观测期间水体盐度在28.8~33.8之间变化,呈现表层水体(1 m)盐度低(29~30),深层水体(30~60 m)盐度更高(约33)的分布特征(表1);海水温度总体在17.9~22.3℃之间变化,由于表层海水受气温和光照影响显著,海水表层温度空间分布规律性较差;从A8-4站位水柱来看,深层水温度(19.6℃)高于表层水(18.7~19.3℃),显示底层水受台湾暖流的影响(表1);各站位水体TSM的质量浓度的最小值为1.3 mg/L,出现在A5-7站位表层;TSM的质量浓度的最大值为33.3 mg/L,出现在A9-4站位表层,原因为该站位出现了严重的赤潮暴发现象。海水中Chla浓度的变化范围为0.10~14.4 μg/L,同样以赤潮暴发的A9-4和A7-5站位表层水体的Chla浓度为最高,分别可达14.4和10.8 μg/L(表1)。POC浓度的变化范围为25-292 μmol /L,以赤潮暴发的A9-4和A7-5站位表层的POC浓度为最大,分别为292和286 μmolC/L(表1)。
本次观测仅获得了一个全水柱站位(A8-4站位)样品,从水柱来看,TSM质量浓度表现为随水深先增加后降低的分布规律,在20 m层位达到极大值(为9.2 mg/L)后又逐渐降低,到近底层TSM质量浓度突然增加至14.1 mg/L,可能受到海底沉积物再悬浮过程的影响;Chla质量浓度表现为随深度增加而逐渐降低的特征;POC浓度随深度的变化表现为先增加后降低的分布特征,POC浓度的最高值出现在A8-4站位的10 m水层。该站位同样为赤潮暴发严重的站位,POC浓度的最大值[(200±8) μmol/L,以C计)出现在10 m层很可能是受光或其他因素影响所致。
东海春季赤潮暴发期间水体中210Po、210Bi和210Pb的活度浓度测量结果如表2所示,其中溶解态210Po(210Po-D)、210Bi(210Bi-D)和210Pb(210Pb-D)的浓度变化范围分别为0.84~15.4、2.59~19.7和1.10~29.7 dpm/(100 L),平均值分别为(4.99±3.46)、(8.17±4.95)和(7.72±7.60) dpm/(100 L),表现出210Po-D < 210Bi-D < 210Pb-D (活度浓度)的特征;颗粒态210Po(210Po-P)、210Bi(210Bi-P)和210Pb(210Pb-P)活度浓度变化范围分别为:1.23~5.79、1.13~12.1和0.46~12.8 dpm/(100 L),平均值分别为(2.75±1.41)、(5.90±3.13)和(4.61±3.53) dpm/(100 L),表明颗粒态样品中210Po活度最低的特征。总态210Po(210Po-T)、210Bi(210Bi-T)和210Pb(210Pb-T)的活度浓度的变化范围分别为2.07~18.0、4.26~24.5和4.26~31.7 dpm/(100 L),平均值分别为(7.74±3.93)、(13.7±5.91)和(12.3±7.65) dpm/(100 L)(表2),呈现出总态210Po活度浓度最低的特征,表明210Po相比母体核素被颗粒物优惠清除,然而从总体平均值来看,总态210Bi和总态210Pb的活度浓度基本接近平衡。
核素活度浓度之比可以表征核素之间的活度不平衡特征,子母体核素活度之比大于1表明子体过剩,反之表明子体核素亏损。春季长江口外东海赤潮暴发期间水体中总态210Po/210Pb活度比和总态210Bi/210Pb活度比的计算结果如表2图3所示,210Po/210Pb活度比在0.20到2.08之间变化,平均值为0.82±0.58(n=15);210Bi/210Pb活度比在0.32到3.72之间变化,平均值为1.38±0.79(n=15)。从总态210Po/210Pb活度比的频数分布直方图来看,大部分样品(11/15)中210Po/210Pb活度比小于1(210Po/210Pb活度比主要集中在0.5附近,图3a),只有少部分样品中出现210Po/210Pb活度比大于1的特征,说明春季浮游植物旺发期间水体中210Po和210Pb之间呈现较为强烈的210Po亏损的特征。然而210Bi/210Pb活度比的频数分布直方图呈现出与210Po/210Pb活度比的频数分布直方图完全不同的特征,大多数样品(10/15)中210Bi/210Pb活度比位于1.0到2.0之间(图3b),所有样品中210Bi/210Pb活度比的平均值为1.38 (>1),且明显高于210Po/210Pb活度比(图3c),表现出210Bi与210Pb接近活度平衡或210Bi略微过剩的特征。综上,本文总结认为春季浮游植物生长旺盛期间长江口外东海水体存在明显的210Po-210Pb和210Bi-210Pb活度不平衡现象,具体表现为210Po相比210Pb明显亏损而210Bi相比210Pb呈现明显过剩的特征。
考虑到本次观测中获得的Chla数据较少,本文以POC浓度作为衡量海水中浮游动/植物生物量的指标,绘制了210Po/210Pb和210Bi/210Pb活度比与POC浓度的变化关系。如图4a所示,随着POC浓度(以C计)从25 μmol/L增加到100 μmol/L,210Po/210Pb活度比从2.1下降至0.2;而当POC浓度增加至200~300 μmol/L时,210Po/210Pb活度比在0.3~0.7之间波动。可见浮游植物生物量的增加能够促进210Po的优惠清除,进而导致210Po相对210Pb的活度亏损现象,然而浮游植物暴发并没有进一步促进水体中210Po的亏损。相对而言,210Bi/210Pb活度比随POC浓度的增加并没有呈现规律性的变化,不论是受赤潮暴发影响的高生物量表层水体还是低生物量的表层水体,210Bi/210Pb活度比的变化范围均局限在0.5~2之间(图4b)。可见浮游植物生物量的增加并没有显著改变210Bi-210Pb之间的活度不平衡特征。此外,针对图4210Po/210Pb和210Bi/210Pb活度比随POC浓度变化呈现的差异,还有一种可能的解释,即赤潮发生前210Po/210Pb活度比值很可能受前期颗粒物沉降的影响而比值较低,由于210Po的半衰期长,210Po/210Pb比值的低值将会维持较长时间;但是由于210Bi半衰期较短,低210Bi/210Pb比值维持的时间很短或者可能减弱甚至消失,随后发生的赤潮产生的颗粒物尚未来得及沉降,所以没有造成总210Po和总210Bi相对于210Pb明显减小。遗憾的是,我们并没有赤潮暴发前的观测结果,因此上述解释仅为一种较为合理的理论推断。
210Bi-210Pb和210Po-210Pb活度不平衡来看,观测期间另一个特征表现为深层(45 m,以A8-4站位为例)水体中,210Po/210Pb和210Bi/210Pb活度比均增加到1.5以上,但POC浓度却表现出较低水平。这种深层水中210Po和210Bi相对于210Pb过剩的类似现象也在南海北部被Yang 等[5]报道,这一现象表明210Po和210Bi被生源颗粒物从表层−上层透光带快速去除后,随之沉降并在深层水体中发生再溶出反应,进而使得深层水体中210Po和210Bi相对于210Pb过剩,这一点可以从A8-4站位30~45 m水层溶解态210Bi和210Po的浓度显著增加得到佐证。
核素的分配系数能很好地描述不同核素之间颗粒物亲和活性的强弱[4, 16]。基于实测的核素颗粒态和溶解态活度浓度和TSM浓度,可以计算出210Po、210Bi和210Pb的分配系数(Kd值)[4, 16]表3给出了210Po、210Bi和210Pb 3种核素的分配系数,其中Kd-210Po的变化范围为3.06×104~7.11×105 mL/g,平均值为(1.99±1.99)×105 mL/g;Kd-210Bi的变化范围为1.15×104~5.72×105 mL/g,平均值为(2.18±1.74)×105 mL/g;Kd-210Pb的变化范围为7.43×103~4.72×106 mL/g,平均值为(6.26±12.7)×106 mL/g。目前文献中报道的同时测定水体中颗粒态和溶解态210Po、210Bi和210Pb活度浓度及其分配系数的研究案例仅有1例,即Waples[17]报道了密歇根湖3个水样中210Po、210Bi和210Pb的分配系数,分别为(10.2±0.6)×105、(9.3±1.7)×105和(7.1±0.4)×105 mL/g 。对比来看,本文报道的Kd-210Po和Kd-210Bi略低于Waples的结果,Kd-210Pb略高于Waples的结果,尽管分配系数的数值大小在同一数量级。本文报道210Po的分配系数与210Pb的分配系数和其他近岸海域报道的结果比较接近,比如Tateda等[18]在地中海近岸的研究中测得210Pb和210Po分配系数变化范围分别为(约0.2~1.5)×105和(约0.1~6.8)×105 mL/g 。虽然从Kd值的总体平均值来看,Kd-210Pb>Kd-210Bi≈Kd-210Po,呈现出210Pb的颗粒活性>210Bi的颗粒活性≈210Po的颗粒活性的特征;因此,如果从各站位现场实测的Kd值来看,有9个样品(A1-7、A7-5、A9-4、A11-4和A8-4站位的1 m层、20 m层、30 m层、45 m层和60 m层)表现出Kd-210Bi > Kd-210Pb的特征;剩余6个样品(A6-11、SS、A10-5、A5-7、A4-6和A8-4站位的10 m层)表现出Kd-210Pb > Kd-210Bi的特征,可见长江口外东海春季浮游植物生长−暴发期间大多数海水样品中仍然表现出210Bi的颗粒活性强于210Pb的特征。
图5对比分析了长江口外东海赤潮爆发水体中210Po、210Bi和210Pb 3种核素分配系数与TSM浓度之间的关系。分析结果表明,野外现场实测210Po、210Bi和210Pb 3种核素的分配系数与TSM浓度之间存在明显的负相关关系,表现出强烈的“颗粒物质量浓度效应”特征[1921]210Pb与TSM质量浓度之间的相关系数(0.70)大于210Po(0.62)和210Bi(0.54),表明210Pb分配行为受TSM质量浓度变化的影响更为强烈;此外210Pb分配系数与TSM质量浓度之间拟合曲线的斜率为−1.6,显著低于210Po和210Bi分配系数与TSM质量浓度之间拟合曲线的斜率(−0.72和−0.67),表明210Pb分配行为的变化受TSM浓度的改变相比210Po和210Bi更为敏感。不论从斜率还是相关系数来看,210Po和210Bi的分配系数与TSM质量浓度之间的关系均存在明显的相似性,同时也说明210Bi具有类似于210Po的特性,满足用于示踪海洋颗粒物动力学过程的基础条件。
分馏因子被定义为核素分配系数之比(例如FPo/Pb=Kd-210Po/Kd-210Pb和FBi/Pb=Kd-210Bi/Kd-210Pb),是衡量某一核素相比另一核素与颗粒物亲和程度强弱的另一个重要参数[20, 22]。如果分馏因子>1,表明核素在经受颗粒物清除过程中发生了分馏。春季长江口外东海赤潮暴发期间水体中210Po-210Pb和210Bi-210Pb之间分馏因子的计算结果列于表3FPo/PbFBi/Pb分别表示210Po和210Pb之间以及210Bi和210Pb之间的分馏因子。FPo/Pb的变化范围为0.07~8.34,平均值为2.35±2.68(>1);FBi/Pb的变化范围为0.12~11.93,平均值为2.32±2.99(>1)(表3)。上述结果表明,颗粒物在同时清除210Po、210Bi和210Pb的过程中,倾向于优惠清除210Po和210Bi。而从具体站位来看,FBi/Pb大于1的样品数(9个)明显多于FBi/Pb小于1的样品数(6个)(表3),从样品数量上同样能反映出春季赤潮爆发期间长江口外东海水体中颗粒物对210Bi(相比210Pb)的亲和活性更强。另外,水体中FPo/Pb大于1和FPo/Pb小于1的样品数接近一致,说明210Po和210Pb之间的分馏因子存在空间差异性。从平均值来看,长江口东海赤潮暴发期间水体中FPo/Pb(2.35±2.68)和FBi/Pb平均值(2.32±2.99)十分接近,难以判断210Po和210Bi之间的颗粒物亲和活性强弱。因此本文计算了FPo/Bi值,FPo/Bi值的平均值虽然略微大于1(1.24±1.11,见表3),但这一结果显然是被部分样品的数值拉高所致。此外,从表3可以明显看到,FPo/Bi<1的样品数(9个)也明显多于FPo/Bi>1的样品数(6个);FBi/Pb数值大于FPo/Pb数值的样品数(9个)也明显多于FPo/Pb大于FBi/Pb数值的样品数(6个),因此,从样品数的角度来看,东海赤潮暴发期间水体中FBi/Pb>FPo/Pb,表明总体上210Bi的颗粒活性稍强于210Po。目前全球已有的相关研究案例报道仅有两个:Biggin等[23]报道的结果表明爱尔兰海近岸水体中FBi/Pb (20.6) > FPo/Pb (10.7);而Waples[17] 报道的结果表明美国密西根湖水中FPo/Pb (1.4~1.5) > FBi/Pb (1.2~1.4)。由此可见,不同研究区域报道的结果还存在差异,因此关于水环境中FBi/Pb大于FPo/Pb还是FPo/Pb大于FBi/Pb这个问题,目前来看仍然需要更多数据才能给出确切答案。综合表1中Chla质量浓度和POC浓度的结果,可以发现赤潮暴发的A9-4站位和A7-5站位FBi/Pb均大于1,这表明海洋中生源有机颗粒物含量的增加能极大的促进水体中210Bi和210Pb之间的分馏行为。而A9-4站位的FPo/Pb为6.06(>1),A7-5站位的FPo/Pb为0.65(<1),虽然两个站位均受浮游植物暴发的影响,但FPo/Pb呈现完全相反的结果。可见浮游植物暴发是否促进210Po和210Pb之间的分馏行为,还需要进一步研究和探讨。
图6展示了FPo/PbFBi/Pb与TSM质量浓度、Chla质量浓度和POC浓度之间的变化关系。整体上来看,210Po和210Pb之间以及210Bi与210Pb之间的分馏因子均随着TSM质量浓度的增加而增加,尽管存在一些异常点具有较低的TSM和POC浓度和异常高的FPo/PbFBi/Pb数值(如图6ac中圈出的数据点)。相似地,随着Chla浓度和POC浓度的增加,210Bi-210Pb之间的分馏因子整体上也呈现增加的趋势(图6bc),这种现象表明海水中浮游植物暴发能促进210Bi与210Pb之间的分馏行为,表明海洋颗粒物相对于210Pb而言与210Bi具有更好的亲和能力,这一点间接支持了“210Bi在示踪海洋生源颗粒物过程具有可行性”这一观点。
本文通过实测长江口外东海赤潮爆发期间海水中210Po、210Bi和210Pb的活度浓度,分析了3种核素的分配行为、分馏因子及其与浮游植物生物量相关参数的关系,得到以下结论。
(1)赤潮暴发期间水体中存在明显的210Po-210Pb和210Bi-210Pb活度不平衡现象,具体表现为210Po相对于210Pb明显亏损而210Bi相对于210Pb呈现过剩的特征。
(2)深层水体中存在明显的210Po和210Bi相对于210Pb过剩的现象,表明210Po和210Bi伴随颗粒物在深层水体中发生再溶出现象。
(3)浮游植物生长旺发期间,210Po、210Bi和210Pb 3种核素均同样表现出强烈的“颗粒物浓度效应”。
(4)从分配系数和分馏因子来看,与210Po类似,210Bi表现出比210Pb更强的颗粒物亲和活性的特征,支持了210Bi可用于示踪海洋颗粒物过程的观点。
致谢:感谢华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室杜金洲教授RIC课题组研究生在测样中提供的帮助。
  • 国家自然科学基金(42107251)
  • 国家自然科学基金(42206166)
  • 中国博士后科学基金(2021M693780)
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doi: 10.12284/hyxb2025020
  • 接收时间:2024-04-03
  • 首发时间:2025-11-10
  • 出版时间:2025-01-31
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-03
  • 修回日期:2024-10-29
基金
国家自然科学基金(42107251)
国家自然科学基金(42206166)
中国博士后科学基金(2021M693780)
作者信息
    1.国家海洋技术中心 自然资源部海洋观测技术重点实验室,天津 300112
    2.自然资源部 第三海洋研究所,福建 厦门 361005
    3.华东师范大学 河口海岸学国家重点实验室,上海 200062
    4.厦门特殊教育学校,福建 厦门 361008
    5.广州大学 环境科学与工程学院,广东 广州 510006
    6.东莞理工学院 生态环境工程技术研发中心,广东 东莞 523808

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*钟强强,副研究员,主要研究方向为同位素海洋学。E-mail:
杜娟,女,博士,主要研究方向为同位素环境地球化学。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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