Article(id=1189535966525112455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1189522886361595906, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12284/hyxb2025030, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1726502400000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-17, revisedDate=1735574400000, revisedDateStr=2024-12-31, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1761537074929, onlineDateStr=2025-10-27, pubDate=1743350400000, pubDateStr=2025-03-31, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1761537074929, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1761537074929, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761537074929, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1189522886361595906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2025', volume='47', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='128', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1761533956367, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761558617137, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1189626321207571058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1189522886361595906, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1189626321207571059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1189522886361595906, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=98, endPage=107, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1189535967473025160, articleId=1189535966525112455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Differences and trade-off strategies of leaf functional traits between old and young forests of the mangrove Aegiceras corniculatum, columnId=null, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Aegiceras corniculatum is a common pioneer species in China’s mangroves. It plays an important role in the composition of estuarine higher plant communities and in preventing wind and waves along the coast in southern China. To gain a deeper understanding of the variation patterns of leaf functional traits in different developmental stages (old and young forests) of A. corniculatum, this study used A. corniculatum as the research object and analyzed the differences and trade-offs of leaf functional traits between old and young forests. The results show that: (1)leaf area (LA), leaf nitrogen content (LN), leaf thickness (LT), chlorophyll content (Chl) and leaf dry matter content (LDMC) of the old forest were significantly lower than that of the young forest, while the specific leaf area (SLA) shows that the old forest was significantly larger than that of the young forest; (2)the SLA of old and young forests of A. corniculatum was significantly negatively correlated with Chl, LN, LDMC and LT, but the negative correlation was stronger in the old forests and weaker in young forests. There was a significant positive correlation between the Chl, LN and LT in the old forests and the young forests, but the correlation ship was stronger in the young forests and weaker in the old forests; (3)the results of principal component analysis showed that SLA was the key trait affecting the stability of the old forests, while Chl and LN were the key traits affecting the growth and development of the young forests; (4)the trade-offs relationship between leaf functional traits in young forests is generally greater than that in the old forests.

, correspAuthors=Guanglong Qiu, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Haiyang Xuebao, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yuanfang Pan, Siting Qiu, Zhinan Su, Hangqing Fan, Jiahui Quan, Lianghao Pan, Guanglong Qiu), CN=ArticleExt(id=1189536134616039696, articleId=1189535966525112455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=红树植物桐花树老林与幼林叶功能性状差异及权衡策略, columnId=1149698756456657529, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

桐花树(Aegiceras corniculatum)是我国常见的红树林先锋物种,在河口高等植物群落构成、海岸防风消浪方面具有重要作用。为了了解桐花树不同发育阶段叶功能性状的变异规律,本研究以桐花树为研究对象,分析了叶功能性状在老林与幼林之间的差异及权衡关系。结果表明:(1)叶面积、叶氮含量、叶厚度、叶绿素含量和叶干物质含量均表现为老林显著低于幼林,而比叶面积则表现为老林显著大于幼林。(2)老林与幼林的比叶面积与叶绿素含量、叶氮含量、叶干物质含量和叶厚度均呈显著负相关,且老林中相关性强度大于幼林;而老林与幼林的叶绿素含量、叶氮含量和叶厚度两两性状之间均呈显著正相关,且幼林中相关性强度大于老林。(3)主成分分析结果表明,比叶面积是影响桐花树老林的关键性状,叶绿素含量和叶氮含量是影响桐花树幼林的关键性状。(4)在叶功能性状的权衡关系中,幼林叶功能性状之间的权衡关系普遍大于老林。

, correspAuthors=邱广龙, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
邱广龙,研究员,主要从事海草与红树林生态学研究。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《海洋学报》编辑部 2025, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=Z8RjMMmmD3A/2A2SCFjSog==, magXml=32hidFTuux6LHE6hJ/SLsA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=bPIpXzSAINsD5VY6ol4AGQ==, pdfFileSize=4027462, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=TvRZW8Kq6lim2ZhEiJamxw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=Z3MVOxoZ8CiXZz1b/B1zUA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

盘远方(1994—),男,广西壮族自治区凌云县人,助理研究员,主要从事红树林与海草生态学研究。E-mail:

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盘远方(1994—),男,广西壮族自治区凌云县人,助理研究员,主要从事红树林与海草生态学研究。E-mail:

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盘远方(1994—),男,广西壮族自治区凌云县人,助理研究员,主要从事红树林与海草生态学研究。E-mail:

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红树植物桐花树老林与幼林叶功能性状差异及权衡策略
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盘远方 1, 2 , 邱思婷 1, 2 , 苏治南 1, 2 , 范航清 1, 2 , 权佳惠 1, 2 , 潘良浩 1, 2 , 邱广龙 1, 2, *
海洋学报 | 论文 2025,47(3): 98-107
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海洋学报 | 论文 2025, 47(3): 98-107
红树植物桐花树老林与幼林叶功能性状差异及权衡策略
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盘远方1, 2 , 邱思婷1, 2, 苏治南1, 2, 范航清1, 2, 权佳惠1, 2, 潘良浩1, 2, 邱广龙1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1 广西科学院,广西海洋科学院(广西红树林研究中心),广西红树林保护与利用重点实验室,广西 北海 536000
  • 2 自然资源部北部湾滨海湿地生态系统野外科学观测研究站,广西 北海 536015
  • 盘远方(1994—),男,广西壮族自治区凌云县人,助理研究员,主要从事红树林与海草生态学研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

邱广龙,研究员,主要从事海草与红树林生态学研究。E-mail:
Differences and trade-off strategies of leaf functional traits between old and young forests of the mangrove Aegiceras corniculatum
Yuanfang Pan1, 2 , Siting Qiu1, 2, Zhinan Su1, 2, Hangqing Fan1, 2, Jiahui Quan1, 2, Lianghao Pan1, 2, Guanglong Qiu1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1Guangxi Key Laboratory of Mangrove Conservation and Utilization, Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences (Guangxi Mangrove Research Center) , Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Beihai, 536000, China
  • 2Observation and Research Station of Coastal Wetland Ecosystem in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai, 536015, China
出版时间: 2025-03-31 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2025030
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桐花树(Aegiceras corniculatum)是我国常见的红树林先锋物种,在河口高等植物群落构成、海岸防风消浪方面具有重要作用。为了了解桐花树不同发育阶段叶功能性状的变异规律,本研究以桐花树为研究对象,分析了叶功能性状在老林与幼林之间的差异及权衡关系。结果表明:(1)叶面积、叶氮含量、叶厚度、叶绿素含量和叶干物质含量均表现为老林显著低于幼林,而比叶面积则表现为老林显著大于幼林。(2)老林与幼林的比叶面积与叶绿素含量、叶氮含量、叶干物质含量和叶厚度均呈显著负相关,且老林中相关性强度大于幼林;而老林与幼林的叶绿素含量、叶氮含量和叶厚度两两性状之间均呈显著正相关,且幼林中相关性强度大于老林。(3)主成分分析结果表明,比叶面积是影响桐花树老林的关键性状,叶绿素含量和叶氮含量是影响桐花树幼林的关键性状。(4)在叶功能性状的权衡关系中,幼林叶功能性状之间的权衡关系普遍大于老林。

红树林  /  桐花树  /  老林  /  幼林  /  叶功能性状  /  权衡关系

Aegiceras corniculatum is a common pioneer species in China’s mangroves. It plays an important role in the composition of estuarine higher plant communities and in preventing wind and waves along the coast in southern China. To gain a deeper understanding of the variation patterns of leaf functional traits in different developmental stages (old and young forests) of A. corniculatum, this study used A. corniculatum as the research object and analyzed the differences and trade-offs of leaf functional traits between old and young forests. The results show that: (1)leaf area (LA), leaf nitrogen content (LN), leaf thickness (LT), chlorophyll content (Chl) and leaf dry matter content (LDMC) of the old forest were significantly lower than that of the young forest, while the specific leaf area (SLA) shows that the old forest was significantly larger than that of the young forest; (2)the SLA of old and young forests of A. corniculatum was significantly negatively correlated with Chl, LN, LDMC and LT, but the negative correlation was stronger in the old forests and weaker in young forests. There was a significant positive correlation between the Chl, LN and LT in the old forests and the young forests, but the correlation ship was stronger in the young forests and weaker in the old forests; (3)the results of principal component analysis showed that SLA was the key trait affecting the stability of the old forests, while Chl and LN were the key traits affecting the growth and development of the young forests; (4)the trade-offs relationship between leaf functional traits in young forests is generally greater than that in the old forests.

mangrove  /  Aegiceras corniculatum  /  old forests  /  young forests  /  leaf functional traits  /  trade-offs
盘远方, 邱思婷, 苏治南, 范航清, 权佳惠, 潘良浩, 邱广龙. 红树植物桐花树老林与幼林叶功能性状差异及权衡策略. 海洋学报, 2025 , 47 (3) : 98 -107 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2025030
Yuanfang Pan, Siting Qiu, Zhinan Su, Hangqing Fan, Jiahui Quan, Lianghao Pan, Guanglong Qiu. Differences and trade-off strategies of leaf functional traits between old and young forests of the mangrove Aegiceras corniculatum[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2025 , 47 (3) : 98 -107 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2025030
红树林被誉为“海上森林”,是分布在热带、亚热带河口或海岸潮间带的一种特殊耐盐木本植物群落,对海陆交错带敏感地带以及沿岸地区的防风消浪、生物多样性保护、促淤造陆、净化水体和科学研究等具有特殊意义[13]。处于海陆交错带的红树林生态系统不仅在海洋生态过程和生物资源方面有着重要地位,且在海洋与陆地之间的物质交换过程中起关键性作用[45]
桐花树(Aegiceras corniculatum)又名蜡烛果,是紫金牛科(Myrsinaceae)蜡烛果属(Aegiceras)灌木或小乔木,是我国东南沿海广泛分布的一种先锋红树植物[6]。桐花树属演替过程中的中前期树种,主要生长在潮间带中、低潮位的污泥滩中,对淹水和盐度具有较强的适应性,且容易形成单种优势群落,种群结构简单,是我国典型的本土红树林树种之一[67]。目前,对桐花树的研究主要集中在淹水和盐度胁迫对桐花树的生长及生理影响[812]、育苗技术[13]、胚轴萌发[14]、低温胁迫对桐花树光合作用的影响[1516]、生物量[17]等,而利用叶功能性状来探讨桐花树的生长特性和种群构建机制的研究较为缺乏,而叶片是植物光合固碳的场所,也是植物与外界接触面积最大、对环境变化最敏感的器官[1819]。其性状是植物与外界联系的桥梁,叶性状的变化既能客观反映植物自身的生理过程及对外界环境适应策略的差异,又能有效地将植物个体与环境、生态系统功能及过程紧密联系起来[2021]
不同发育阶段的植物在枝叶繁茂情况、根系发达情况、林分树冠郁闭度、植株高度和森林环境稳定性等方面存在较大差异。如Klipel等[22]研究发现,植物从幼树生长到成树,其资源分配策略会从“快速投资–收益”逐渐转变为“缓慢投资–收益”型;王英鲲等[23]研究表明,随着树龄增加叶面积、叶氮含量和叶片含水量呈显著下降的趋势,而叶组织密度和叶片氮磷比呈显著上升的趋势;而邹旭阁等[24]对内蒙古额济纳旗极端干旱地区的胡杨叶功能性状研究发现,随着树龄的增加,叶干物质含量、叶绿素总量以及叶片碳、氮、磷含量呈增加趋势,而比叶面积、叶厚度呈减小趋势。另外,植物的生存策略通常通过不同性状的同时表达来实现,各叶功能性状之间往往通过一系列功能性状组合或权衡来适应环境[2526]。Wright等[19]提出的叶片经济谱,明确了比叶质量与叶片单位干物质的最大光合能力、寿命以及单位干物质的氮、磷含量等密切相关,比叶质量低的植物,其叶寿命较短,单位干物质营养元素含量较高,光合能力强,单位叶面积的经济投入低,使植物资源的利用效率高而生长速度快,在全球尺度上阐明了叶功能性状间的相关性。因此,研究不同林龄阶段桐花树叶功能性状差异及权衡关系,对深入理解不同发育阶段桐花树根据其本身需求不同所采取的生存策略具有重要的意义[2728]
综上所述,本研究以我国常见的红树植物桐花树为研究对象,在老林和幼林中分别建立调查样方,通过样方调查和叶功能性状测定,揭示老林与幼林叶功能性状的变化规律及其权衡关系。旨在揭示不同发育阶段桐花树的生存策略以及根据其功能需求的不同有效地获取所需的资源、积极调整自身不同性状之间的组合形成不同的性状模块以行使不同的生态功能,同时也为桐花树的保护和管理措施提供理论依据。
研究样地位于广西壮族自治区北海市合浦县城西南部木案村南流江口(21°35′27.30″~21°35′44.69″N,109°03′32.12″~109°03′50.58″E)。南流江是广西唯一独流入海第一大河,有5条支流在合浦县城西南分别入海,入海河口依次是干流河口、木案江河口、叉陇江河口、针鱼墩河口与尿燕子河口,在出海口形成面积约5500 hm2的粉砂质潮滩,以红树林为主要植被类型[29],其中最主要的入海口为在沙岗镇入海的西部入海支流(干流河口)和在党江镇入海的东部入海支流(木案江河口) (图1)。木案江河口红树林资源丰富,以纯林的桐花树为优势种,近岸区域有零星分布的秋茄(Kandelia obovata)和无瓣海桑(Sonneratia apetala)。
研究区东临合浦县,南临北部湾、与北海市区隔海相望。该区域属于亚热带季风型海洋性气候,夏季高温多雨,冬季温和少雨,年均降雨量1670 mm,降雨主要集中在6−8月,年均蒸发量为1400 mm,年平均温度为22.9℃。河口潮汐类型属于不正规全日潮,年均潮差在2.2~2.8 m之间,海域冬半年以北向浪为主,平均波高约为0.8 m,夏季以西南向浪为主,最大波高为4.8 m[2931]
2023年11−12月,根据桐花树天然林的分布、演替阶段和潮位梯度(高潮位、中潮位和地潮位)情况,我们在桐花树老林(林龄约40~60 a,据当地群众的访问)内,沿陆至海向的梯度(高潮位、中潮位和低潮位)设置了9个样方,每个潮位分别设置3个样方;而在幼林(林龄为5~8 a,据卫星影像判断)内,沿陆至海向的梯度设置了6个样方,分别位于高潮位和低潮位,每个潮位设置3个样方,样方大小为2.0 m × 2.0 m,共计15个样方(图1)。由于幼林区域中潮位样地缺乏潮沟的连通性和通行受限,且幼林群落的结构相对简单,物种和群落变化较少,因此较少的样方也足以反映其整体特征。而桐花树老林分布面积较大且其群落结构较为复杂,因此在设计样方时设置了更多的样方,以更全面地捕捉其群落的特征。通过老林样方及幼林其他潮位样方数据的比较,仍能较为完整地揭示桐花树演替规律及环境梯度效应。
本研究采用每木调查法,记录每个样方内所有木本植物的种名、基径、胸径、树高和冠幅等数据。同时记录样方内更新层木本植物的数量、密度,以及样地上覆水的盐度等环境因子。
在每个样方内选取健康、长势良好的植株共计3株作为研究对象,确保所选植株在功能性状上具有代表性。首先,根据指南针对选取的植株进行方位辨识,将植株的冠幅划分为东、南、西和北4个方位,确保每个方向的采样均匀且具有代表性。随后,每个植株每个方向选取20片完全展开、健康、成熟、无病虫害的叶片放入自封袋中并贴好标签,样品置于便携式冷藏箱中低温储存并带回实验室,用于后续叶功能性状测定。
叶片样品测定时,首先使用叶面积分析系统(YMJ-PC,浙江托普云农科技股份有限公司)摄叶片图像,并计算每片叶片的叶面积。其次用叶绿素测定仪(FK-YL03)和电子数显卡尺(精度为0.01 mm)分别测定叶片叶绿素含量、叶氮含量和叶厚度。最后用电子分析天平(精度0.0001 g)称量叶片鲜重后,将叶片样品装入信封,置于80℃烘箱中烘干至恒重,再次称量并记录其干重,并计算叶功能性状相关指标。其中,叶干物质含量(LDMC)= 叶干重(g)/叶鲜重(g)、比叶面积(SLA)= 叶面积(cm2)/叶干重(g)。
在数据处理前,首先计算每个样方内各叶片功能性状的均值。然后利用Mann-Whitney U检验方法对老林和幼林叶功能性状数据进行差异性检验。
为了深入探讨桐花树老林与幼林叶功能性状之间相关性的差异,本研究使用了Pearson相关分析,对桐花树老林和幼林的叶功能性状进行相关性分析,并利用corrplot包的corrplot函数,通过热图对叶功能性状相关系数矩阵进行可视化,明确不同功能性状间相关性显著的分布情况,叶功能性状之间的相关性大小采用Student’s t进行检验。同时为了了解老林与幼林对叶片的投资策略采用主成分分析(PCA)。
在计算叶功能性状之间的权衡关系之前,首先对各叶功能性状(叶面积、叶氮含量、叶厚度、叶绿素含量、叶干物质含量和比叶面积)进行无量纲化处理,即把每个性状的观测值减去最小观测值比上最大观测值减去最小观测值得到无量纲化的叶功能性状系数(ES),处理后的叶功能性状系数在0~1的二维坐标系内。随后将参与权衡关系的叶功能性状分别作为横坐标(x)和纵坐标(y),构建由无量纲化叶功能性状系数组成的坐标点(x, y)。坐标系中的对角线称为零权衡线将坐标系平均分成两部分,组成坐标的点(x, y)偏离零权衡线的垂直距离采用均方根偏差(RMSD)表示,以均方根偏差大小来度量两个叶功能性状之间的权衡关系大小。其中,距离越远表示权衡关系越强,相反,协同关系越强或权衡关系越弱,对角线处的权衡值为0。叶功能性状的权衡关系计算如下[3233]
$ {\mathrm{ES}} = \frac{{X_{\text{obs}} - X_{\text{min}}}}{{X_{\text{max}} - X_{\text{min}}}}, $
$ {\mathrm{RMSD}} = \sqrt {\frac{1}{{n - {\text{1}}}}} \sum\limits_{i = 1}^n {({\mathrm{ES}}_i - {\mathrm{ES}})} ,$
式中:ES表示标准化后有利于叶功能性状的相对值,X obs表示观测值,X minX max表示观测值的最小值和最大值,RMSD表示均方根偏差,ES i表示无量纲化处理后的第i个观测值。
统计分析与绘图均在R4.3.1 软件(The R Development Core Team, 2023)的ggplot2、cowplot、RColorBrewer和corrplot程序包中完成。
图2可知,桐花树老林与幼林叶功能性状之间均存在显著差异(p < 0.05)。其中,老林的叶面积、叶氮含量、叶厚度、叶绿素含量和叶干物质含量显著低于幼林(图2a–e)。老林的比叶面积显著大于幼林(图2f)。
桐花树老林与幼林不同方位叶功能性状之间均存在显著差异(p < 0.05)。其中,叶面积、叶氮含量和叶绿素含量在不同方位均表现为老林显著小于幼林(图3a、b和d);叶厚度除在北面差异不显著外,其他方位均表现为老林显著小于幼林(图3c);叶干物质含量除了南面幼林显著大于老林外,其他方位差异均不显著(图3e);比叶面积除在北面差异不显著外,其他方位均表现为老林显著大于幼林(图3f)。
Pearson分析结果表明,老林与幼林的比叶面积与叶绿素含量、叶氮含量、叶干物质含量和叶厚度之间均呈显著负相关,老林的叶绿素含量、叶氮含量、叶干物质含量和叶厚度两两性状之间均呈显著正相关,而幼林的叶氮含量、叶绿素含量和叶厚度两两性状之间呈显著正相关(图4);老林的叶面积与其他叶功能性状之间相关性不显著,而幼林的叶面积和叶干物质含量与其他叶功能性状之间的相关性均不显著(图4)。
尽管老林与幼林的比叶面积与叶绿素含量、叶氮含量、叶干物质含量和叶厚度均呈负相关,但在老林中相关性强度较大,而在幼林相关性较弱(图4)。老林与幼林中叶绿素含量、叶氮含量和叶厚度两两性状之间均呈正相关关系,但幼林的相关性强度普遍较大(图4)。
主成分分析结果表明,桐花树的老林主要侧重对比叶面积的投资,表明比叶面积是影响桐花树老林的关键性状;而在桐花树幼林中主要侧重于叶绿素含量和叶氮含量进行投资,表明叶绿素含量和叶氮含量是影响桐花树幼林的关键性状(图5)。
在桐花树叶功能性状的权衡关系中,老林和幼林的叶绿素含量与比叶面积和叶面积、叶氮含量与叶厚度、比叶面积与叶干物质含量和叶面积、叶干物质含量与叶面积标准化后的系数组成的坐标均分布在二维空间坐标点的零权衡线附近或偏离零权衡线非常近,表明在桐花树老林和幼林中这些性状之间具有较弱的权衡关系(图6)。而叶绿素含量与叶氮含量和叶厚度、叶氮含量与比叶面积和叶干物质含量以及叶面积、比叶面积与叶厚度、叶干物质含量与叶厚度、叶厚度与叶面积标准化后的系数组成的坐标点偏离零权衡线较远,且桐花树幼林这些叶功能性状之间的权衡关系(RMSD)均大于老林,表明幼林在这些叶功能性状之间具有较强的权衡关系(图6)。
通过分析不同发育阶段叶功能性状差异,可进一步揭示桐花树在不同发育阶段对养分资源利策略及其适应外部环境变化的规律。本研究发现,幼林的叶面积、叶氮含量、叶厚度、叶绿素含量和叶干物质含量均显著高于老林。幼林由于处于生长初期,叶片数量较少,植物生物量的投资主要用于增大光捕获面积,以获取更多的光照资源来提高光合作用效率并支持其快速生长,且早期的生长和光合能力直接依赖于光照的最大化利用,这与前人的研究结果一致[34]。氮素作为植物光合作用的关键元素,幼林需要较多的氮来合成叶绿素和其他必需的生物分子,以满足其高光合需求和快速生长的需要[3536]。Wei等[37]研究表明,幼林较厚的叶片能提供更高的结构支持,有效抵抗盐度、干旱等环境压力,同时较厚的叶片可以增加气孔密度优化气体交换,提升水分利用效率,从而提高植物对逆境的适应能力。Kodikara等[38]研究发现,幼林较高的叶干物质含量有助于植物结构的建立和对环境的适应,同时还能增强叶片的耐久性,从而更好地满足生长需求。
桐花树老林的比叶面积显著高于幼林,可能的原因有以下几个方面:首先,老林已经长期适应稳定环境,生态系统相对稳定,而在稳定的环境中桐花树可通过增加比叶面积来优化光合作用和资源利用;其次,老林树木相对成熟、其生长速率相对缓慢,因此通过较高的比叶面积提升光合能力,同时保持较低的叶干物质含量以维持稳定的光合作用效率;最后,老林中的树木在生长过程中逐渐调整资源分配,增加比叶面积的投入,使得植物能够在光照充足的环境中更有效地进行光合作用,这一过程在其他研究中也得到了验证[22, 26, 28]。不同发育阶段叶功能性状的差异主要与植物在不同生长阶段的生理需求和适应策略有关[39]。幼林在生长初期需要更多的光合作用能力和生长支持,因此其叶片特征表现出更高的叶绿素含量、较厚的叶片及较高的氮含量,这一特征支持其快速生长。而随着桐花树树龄的增长,老林的叶片特征逐渐调整,以适应成熟生态系统对稳定资源利用的需求。这一转变与前人对植物生长和资源分配策略的研究相符,尤其是Wright等[19]提出的叶片经济谱理论中,植物在不同生态阶段采用不同的资源配置策略,以优化生长效率。
植物在生长过程中同时受环境、物候、生理等因素的共同作用,其叶功能性状之间也不是相互独立的,而是在漫长进化历程中演变出了一套相对完备的结构和功能,在已有的遗传基础之上形成了一系列适应环境的性状组合[27, 28, 40]。本研究发现,无论在桐花树的老林还是幼林,比叶面积与叶绿素含量、叶氮含量、叶干物质含量和叶厚度均呈显著负相关,而叶绿素含量、叶氮含量和叶厚度两两性状之间呈显著正相关。通常来说,较厚的叶片通常伴随较低的比叶面积,且较厚的叶片能够提高叶片的耐久性并更好地储存营养和水分,虽然光合作用效率较低,但能增强植物适应干旱和其他环境压力的能力,而氮素是合成叶绿素的关键成分,厚的叶片需要更多氮素的投入来支持光合作用[41]。比叶面积和叶干物质含量指示植物在不同环境下的生长(投资)策略和适应能力,当植物叶片的比叶面积较高时,通常意味着叶片较薄,干物质含量相对较少,这种叶片通常具有较高的光合作用效率,但耐旱性和抗物理损伤能力较低;相反,叶干物质含量较高的叶片则较厚、含干物质较多,能够更好地储存营养和水分,但以牺牲光合效率为代价[42]。另外,具有高比叶面积的植物通常能够在资源丰富的环境中迅速占据资源并生长,但可能在资源贫乏的环境中生存能力较差;而具有高叶干物质含量的植物通常采用更耐旱、耐贫瘠环境的生长策略,其叶片较厚,能够储存更多的水分和养分,该研究结果与其他研究结果相一致[27, 4344]
尽管在桐花树的老林与幼林中,比叶面积与叶绿素含量、叶氮含量、叶干物质含量和叶厚度均呈负相关,但是在老林中相关性强度较大,而在幼林相关性强度较弱。造成该结果可能的原因有:在老林中,叶片的这些特性(如比叶面积、叶绿素含量等)之间的负相关关系较强,是因为老林中的树木已经成熟,生态系统稳定,叶片的生长和资源分配相对平衡,导致这些负相关关系更加明显;而在幼林中,叶片的这些特性之间的负相关关系较弱,可能因为幼林中的树木还在快速生长,资源和养分的分配尚未稳定,性状间的负相关关系相对较弱[27]。而幼林中叶绿素含量、叶氮含量和叶厚度两两性状之间呈正相关关系相对于老林更强。原因是桐花树处于幼林阶段,其生长速度较快,需要更高的光合作用效率以支持快速的生长,而叶绿素是光合作用的关键成分,其中氮是叶绿素的主要组成元素,因此叶绿素含量、叶氮含量和叶厚度之间的关系会更紧密[44]。此外,幼林中的叶子通常更厚,这一特征不仅能够增强光合作用的能力,还能通过增加抗旱性和营养储存能力来适应生长初期的环境压力,这些因素共同作用,使得叶绿素含量、叶氮含量和叶厚度之间的正相关关系更加显著[23, 45]。而随着林木年龄的增长,生态系统相对稳定,但也可能经历更复杂的生态互动,比如竞争、光照遮挡等林下环境和生长需求发生变化,这种关系可能变得不那么显著[39]
在叶功能性状的权衡关系中,幼林叶功能性状之间的权衡关系普遍大于老林,而在主成分分析中也得到印证即桐花树幼林主要对叶氮含量和叶绿素含量进行投资,而老林主要对比叶面积进行投资。叶片是植物进行光合作用的重要部位,而幼林阶段的桐花树植株高度较矮、叶片数量较少、根系不够发达,叶绿素和氮是光合作用的核心分子要素,它负责吸收光能并转化为化学能,提高叶绿素含量和叶氮含量能够增强叶片的光合作用效率以及促进自身的生长和发育,使幼树能够更有效地利用光能来制造养分,从而使幼林迅速建立起能支持持续生长的光合作用系统,从而占据资源优势[24, 40]。因此,幼林阶段的树木倾向于将更多地养分资源投资于对叶氮含量和叶绿素含量的增加上。比叶面积反映了植物的生长策略和对不同环境的适应机制[43]。而桐花树老林主要对比叶面积进行投资主要原因有以下两方面:首先在光合作用的优化上,桐花树老林中植株密度大、竞争激烈且郁闭度非常高,导致冠层以下光照资源非常缺乏,老林中较大的比叶面积意味着单位面积上的光合效率提高,更有效的利用光照资源[46]。其次是为了减少资源消耗,增加比叶面积通常意味着单片叶子更轻,这有助于减少植物在维护和更新叶片上的资源消耗,有利于在资源有限的环境中生存[19]
通过对桐花树老林和幼林的叶功能性状差异及其权衡关系的分析,揭示了桐花树在不同发育阶段的生存策略和生态适应机制。结果表明:桐花树幼林的叶面积、叶氮含量、叶厚度、叶绿素含量和叶干物质含量均显著高于老林,而比叶面积则显著低于老林。幼林倾向于通过增加光捕获面积和光合作用效率以支持快速生长,而老林则通过优化资源分配,增加比叶面积以提升资源利用效率和适应成熟生态系统的稳定需求。叶功能性状的相关性分析显示,幼林的叶绿素含量、叶氮含量和叶厚度之间的正相关性较强,而老林的比叶面积与叶绿素含量、叶氮含量和叶厚度之间的负相关性更显著。这表明幼林注重光合作用效率的提升,而老林则更关注资源节约和结构稳定性。权衡分析进一步证实,幼林叶功能性状的权衡关系强于老林,反映了不同发育阶段桐花树在资源分配上的策略差异。本研究不仅揭示了桐花树在老林与幼林阶段的性状变异和适应策略,还通过主成分分析明确了幼林关键性状为叶氮含量和叶绿素含量,而老林则为比叶面积。这些发现为理解桐花树生态系统演替过程中的生长策略提供了科学依据,也为红树林生态系统的保护和管理提供了理论支撑。未来的研究应进一步结合多因子实验以探讨环境因子对叶功能性状的影响,为生态系统的可持续管理提供更全面的数据支持。
  • 北部湾红树林生态监测(2020−2024);广西科学院改革发展专项(2024YGFZ504-102)。
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2025年第47卷第3期
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doi: 10.12284/hyxb2025030
  • 接收时间:2024-09-17
  • 首发时间:2025-10-27
  • 出版时间:2025-03-31
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-17
  • 修回日期:2024-12-31
基金
北部湾红树林生态监测(2020−2024);广西科学院改革发展专项(2024YGFZ504-102)。
作者信息
    1 广西科学院,广西海洋科学院(广西红树林研究中心),广西红树林保护与利用重点实验室,广西 北海 536000
    2 自然资源部北部湾滨海湿地生态系统野外科学观测研究站,广西 北海 536015

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邱广龙,研究员,主要从事海草与红树林生态学研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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