Article(id=1189522890304241667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1189522886361595906, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12284/hyxb2025019, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1732291200000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-23, revisedDate=1736438400000, revisedDateStr=2025-01-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1761533957306, onlineDateStr=2025-10-27, pubDate=1743350400000, pubDateStr=2025-03-31, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1761533957306, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-10-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1761533957306, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761533957306, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1189522886361595906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2025', volume='47', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='128', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1761533956367, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1761558617137, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1189626321207571058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1189522886361595906, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1189626321207571059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1189522886361595906, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1, endPage=12, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1189522890694311941, articleId=1189522890304241667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Export pathway of Vincennes Bay Bottom Water and its contribution rate in the Antarctic Bottom Water layer, columnId=null, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Based on the hydrographic observations carried out in the austral summer during 2013 and 2015 from the continental shelf to the front regions of Vincennes Bay, East Antarctica, this study utilizes an optimum multiparameter analysis method to evaluate the export pathway of Vincennes Bay Bottom Water (VBBW) and its contribution rate to Antarctic bottom water (AABW). The results show that the freshest, coldest, and most oxygen-rich bottom water is distributed above the northwestern ridge of Vincennes Bay. The highest proportion of local Dense Shelf Water (DSW) on the bottom over this ridge was (28.58 ± 1.75)%, which exceeded the proportion observed at all other stations on the offshore side of the continental slope. The VBBW, a mixture of local DSW and modified Circumpolar Deep Water, was also maximized in the AABW layer on this northwestern ridge. The results suggest that topography plays an important role in guiding the outflow of local DSW and even VBBW, and the northwestern ridge could be the main pathway for VBBW export. In the vertical direction, the proportion of DSW decreases with the shallower depth at most stations, but patchy DSW contribution layers were commonly observed in the sub-bottom layers, which means that the proportion of DSW increases in some depth ranges. According to the anomaly distribution of seawater characteristics on the density surfaces, the DSW in the sub-bottom layers can also be exported along the isopycnals, manifested as thermohaline intrusion patches. These thermohaline intrusion patches have significantly colder, fresher, and oxygen-rich characteristics, which may contribute to the enhancement of sub-bottom ventilation. In addition, VBBW can reach the bottom of the Australia-Antarctic basin at depths deeper than 4000 m but with a limited contribution rate, no more than 17%, and is mainly contributed by mCDW. This study helps understand the export pathway and contribution of bottom water from the medium bay to the bottom layer of the Australia-Antarctic Basin. It provides a reference for further study on the formation and modification of the AABW in this basin.

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基于2013‒2015年间每年南半球夏季在东南极洲文森湾外开展的加密观测资料,采用最优多参数分析法评估了文森湾底层水(VBBW)的输出路径及其在南极底层水(AABW)中的贡献率。结果显示,在文森湾西北部海脊上方分布着最淡、最冷和溶解氧含量最高的AABW。局地高密度陆架水(DSW)在该海脊上的底层具有最高占比,最高达(28.58 ± 1.75)%,超出了文森湾正北方大陆坡外侧其它所有站点的占比。DSW与变性绕极深层水(mCDW)的混合物——VBBW的含量同样在该西北部海脊上的AABW所在层达到最大。该结果显示地形对局地DSW乃至VBBW的输出具有重要引导作用,VBBW的输出可能主要沿着该西北部海脊。在垂向上,大部分站点的DSW占比随着深度变浅而减小,但是在次底层普遍存在着斑块状的DSW贡献层,即在某些深度范围内DSW占比增大。对照等密度面的海水特性距平分布可知,在次底层DSW会沿着等密度面往外输出,表现为向外海的温盐入侵层。这些温盐入侵层具有显著低温、低盐和富氧的特点,可能对最新发现的次底层通风增强具有贡献作用。另外,VBBW能够到达澳大利亚−南极海盆4000 m以深的底部,但是其贡献率相对有限,不超过17%,且主要由mCDW贡献。本文研究有助于理解中等海湾底层水的输出路径及其对澳大利亚−南极海盆底层水的贡献,为进一步研究该海盆深底层水的生成和变性提供有效参考。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《海洋学报》编辑部 2025, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=pmKYbdcK/Nq1aXMqx7Bgzw==, magXml=5vaWXzQeNlD8OBWvpvKZEw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=axi/QzRq2Jf6kcPHzYwG2g==, pdfFileSize=7948335, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=s3mNwtAchgJ6bmaJpjcvrA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=ZsqSsrz7kVH5GgGD1osQgA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

程灵巧(1985—),女,浙江省台州市人,副教授,主要从事物理海洋学、极地海洋学研究。E-mail:

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程灵巧(1985—),女,浙江省台州市人,副教授,主要从事物理海洋学、极地海洋学研究。E-mail:

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程灵巧(1985—),女,浙江省台州市人,副教授,主要从事物理海洋学、极地海洋学研究。E-mail:

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Journal of Physical Oceanography, 2009, 39(11): 2735−2756., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1189553952019431701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1189522890304241667, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划“政府间国际科技创新合作”重点专项(2023YFE0104500);国家自然科学基金(42130402);国家重点研发计划子课题(2023YFD2401201)。, fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1189553946424230054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1189522890304241667, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1189553946436812967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1189522890304241667, companyId=1189553946424230054, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1189553946445201576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1189522890304241667, companyId=1189553946424230054, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 上海海洋大学 海洋科学与生态环境学院,上海 201306)]), AuthorCompany(id=1189553947456028843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1189522890304241667, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1189553947460223148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1189522890304241667, companyId=1189553947456028843, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Ocean Sciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, 108‒8477, Japan), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1189553947468611757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1189522890304241667, companyId=1189553947456028843, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 日本东京海洋大学 海洋科学系,东京 108‒8477)]), AuthorCompany(id=1189553947552497840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1189522890304241667, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1189553947560886448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1189522890304241667, companyId=1189553947552497840, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3College of Marine Living Resource Sciences and Management, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1189553947569275057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1189522890304241667, companyId=1189553947552497840, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 上海海洋大学 海洋生物资源与管理学院,上海 201306)]), AuthorCompany(id=1189553947682521268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1189522890304241667, xref=4, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1189553947690909877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1189522890304241667, companyId=1189553947682521268, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4Center for Polar Research, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1189553947695104182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1189522890304241667, companyId=1189553947682521268, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4 上海海洋大学 极地研究中心,上海 201306)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1189553949767090419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1189522890304241667, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Hydrographic observation stations

Bathymetry contours are from ETOPO1 dataset[33]. The semi-permanent eddy is sketched as a black circle off the Vicennes Bay[28]

, figureFileSmall=MfJB+0QsNYeDLjfUd8xwhg==, figureFileBig=efhlY52xdOEvy0V/KpBztg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1189553949855170805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1189522890304241667, language=CN, label=图1, caption=水文观测站点

测深数据来自ETOPO1数据集[33]。黑色圆圈代表文森湾外的半永久性涡旋[28]

, figureFileSmall=MfJB+0QsNYeDLjfUd8xwhg==, figureFileBig=efhlY52xdOEvy0V/KpBztg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1189553949960028407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1189522890304241667, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Sectional distributions of θ, S and DO for sections A (upper panels) and C (lower panels) based on the data obtained in Jan. 2015

Subsurface −1.6℃ isotherms are highlighted by white dashed lines. White contours denote isopycnals larger than γn = 28.27 kg/m3

, figureFileSmall=x37XmtHP9ZyDkQLaAC/hzg==, figureFileBig=vMAQ9xlmrMVOHRM4BYAH8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1189553950027137275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1189522890304241667, language=CN, label=图2, caption=基于2015年1月获得数据的A断面(上图)和C断面(下图)的θS 和DO分布

次表层−1.6°C的等温线用白色虚线表示。白色等值线表示大于 γn = 28.27 kg/m3的等密度面

, figureFileSmall=x37XmtHP9ZyDkQLaAC/hzg==, figureFileBig=vMAQ9xlmrMVOHRM4BYAH8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1189553950098440445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1189522890304241667, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Anomalies of salinity (a S), temperature (a θ), and DO (a DO) on the isopycnals relative to the properties at (60°S, 110°E) observed in 2015

The left panels are for Section A, the middle panels for Section B, and the right panels for Section C, respectively. The directions of these sections are indicated on top right, with N denoting northward and E eastward

, figureFileSmall=KVlvcnKNim7jx4xNXfIXcA==, figureFileBig=WbXXeYeS0GhxvHrjnGek0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1189553950161355007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1189522890304241667, language=CN, label=图3, caption=相对于2015年在(60°S,110°E)站点观测到的等中性密度面上θS 和DO距平断面图,分别表示a S(上层分图),a θ(中间层分图)和a DO(下层分图)

左分图为A断面,中间分图为B断面,右分图为C断面。各断面方向由右上角的箭头及字母表示,N代表北向,E代表东向

, figureFileSmall=KVlvcnKNim7jx4xNXfIXcA==, figureFileBig=WbXXeYeS0GhxvHrjnGek0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1189553950249435395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1189522890304241667, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Contribution ratios of VB-origin DSW (P DSW, %), local mCDW (P mCDW, %) and AABW-E (P AABW-E, %) in every 50 m intervals in the AABW layer at the stations along the north-south sections of A (a−c), D (d−f) and C (g−i), respectively (error bars indicate one standard deviations), figureFileSmall=K2TjQxgt7PDMdIYbkLCELg==, figureFileBig=9x0dMDvbhHBd/Mq+B55cwg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1189553950316544261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1189522890304241667, language=CN, label=图4, caption=AABW沿A断面(a‒c)、D断面(d‒f)和C断面(g‒i)的站点每50 m间隔的源自VB的DSW(P DSW,%)、局部mCDW(P mCDW,%)和AABW-E(P AABW-E,%)的贡献率(误差棒表示一个标准差), figureFileSmall=K2TjQxgt7PDMdIYbkLCELg==, figureFileBig=9x0dMDvbhHBd/Mq+B55cwg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1189553950404624647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1189522890304241667, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Contribution ratios of VB-origin DSW (P DSW, %), local mCDW (P mCDW, %) and AABW-E (P AABW-E, %) in every 50 m intervals in the AABW layer at the stations along the north-south sections of M (a−c), 64 (d−f) and B (g−i), respectively (error bars indicate one standard deviations), figureFileSmall=sYATuXCwz4ma2mtBo4q/pQ==, figureFileBig=EB64zt3BJJRwCc3dvqs/5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1189553950471733512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1189522890304241667, language=CN, label=图5, caption=AABW沿M断面(a‒c)、64断面(d‒f)和B断面(g‒i)的站点每50 m间隔的源自VB的DSW(P DSW,%)、局部mCDW(P mCDW,%)和AABW-E(P AABW-E,%)的贡献率(误差棒表示一个标准差), figureFileSmall=sYATuXCwz4ma2mtBo4q/pQ==, figureFileBig=EB64zt3BJJRwCc3dvqs/5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1189553950534648074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1189522890304241667, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=An example of the DSW intrusion patches at Station A02

a. Intrusion patches detected in the AABW layer. The upper boundary of each patch is indicated by inverted triangle, whereas the lower boundary is by triangle. Vertical profiles of θ, S, DO, ${\gamma^n} $, Tu are shown by different colors respectively. The gray backgrounds indicate the vertical spans of the patches. The two dotted lines indicate Tu=−45° and 72°, respectively. b. Intrusion patches in θ-S diagram (black parts). Red dashed line shows the linearly interpolated values within each patch. Gray line shows the layers without any intrusion. Black dashed lines show neutral density surfaces

, figureFileSmall=tVKBjCdNBzZEc3aJoszZTA==, figureFileBig=56rPfheIRaJtHuw7wN0XLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1189553950639505675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1189522890304241667, language=CN, label=图6, caption=A02站点斑块状DSW输出实例

a. AABW层入侵层。灰色区域指代入侵层,其上界用倒三角表示,下界用三角表示。θS、DO、${\gamma^n} $和Tu的垂向剖面用不同颜色表示。两条虚线分别表示Tu=−45°和72°。b. θS图中入侵层的分布(黑色部分)。红色虚线指示入侵层线性差值后的θS分布。灰色线段表示非入侵层。黑色虚线代表中性密度表面

, figureFileSmall=tVKBjCdNBzZEc3aJoszZTA==, figureFileBig=56rPfheIRaJtHuw7wN0XLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1189553950689837325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1189522890304241667, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Spatial contributions of VBBW within 200 m above the bottoms

Results between sections of A, B and C are comparable, but not with sections of M and along 64°S due to different year observations. The arrows schematically indicate the outflow pathway of VBBW

, figureFileSmall=zu7URm2k1zTpQL7C4WuW4A==, figureFileBig=orbV2lBrhGEx+ORhnfPldA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1189553950765334799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1189522890304241667, language=CN, label=图7, caption=距海底200 m范围内VBBW贡献率的空间分布

A、B和C断面之间的结果具有可比性,但由于年份观测不同,与M和 沿64°S断面的结果不具有可比性。箭头示意了VBBW的输出路径

, figureFileSmall=zu7URm2k1zTpQL7C4WuW4A==, figureFileBig=orbV2lBrhGEx+ORhnfPldA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1189553950836637969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1189522890304241667, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Potential temperature (θ), salinity (S) and dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) to characterize the VB-origin DSW, local mCDW and AABW-E, respectively

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水团特性 DSW mCDW AABW-E
θ / oC −1.9 1.0 −0.46
S 34.495 34.70 34.645
DO/(μmol·kg−1) 317.3 200.0 235.0
), ArticleFig(id=1189553950941495571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1189522890304241667, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

用于表征源自VB的DSW、局地mCDW和AABW-E的特征要素位温(θ)、盐度(S)和溶解氧浓度(DO)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水团特性 DSW mCDW AABW-E
θ / oC −1.9 1.0 −0.46
S 34.495 34.70 34.645
DO/(μmol·kg−1) 317.3 200.0 235.0
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文森湾底层水的输出路径及其在南极底层水中的贡献率
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程灵巧 1, 4 , 高照诠 1 , 北出裕二郎 2 , 朱国平 3, 4
海洋学报 | 论文 2025,47(3): 1-12
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海洋学报 | 论文 2025, 47(3): 1-12
文森湾底层水的输出路径及其在南极底层水中的贡献率
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程灵巧1, 4 , 高照诠1, 北出裕二郎2, 朱国平3, 4
作者信息
  • 1 上海海洋大学 海洋科学与生态环境学院,上海 201306
  • 2 日本东京海洋大学 海洋科学系,东京 108‒8477
  • 3 上海海洋大学 海洋生物资源与管理学院,上海 201306
  • 4 上海海洋大学 极地研究中心,上海 201306
  • 程灵巧(1985—),女,浙江省台州市人,副教授,主要从事物理海洋学、极地海洋学研究。E-mail:

Export pathway of Vincennes Bay Bottom Water and its contribution rate in the Antarctic Bottom Water layer
Lingqiao Cheng1, 4 , Zhaoquan Gao1, Yujiro Kitade2, Guoping Zhu3, 4
Affiliations
  • 1College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
  • 2Department of Ocean Sciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, 108‒8477, Japan
  • 3College of Marine Living Resource Sciences and Management, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
  • 4Center for Polar Research, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
出版时间: 2025-03-31 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2025019
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基于2013‒2015年间每年南半球夏季在东南极洲文森湾外开展的加密观测资料,采用最优多参数分析法评估了文森湾底层水(VBBW)的输出路径及其在南极底层水(AABW)中的贡献率。结果显示,在文森湾西北部海脊上方分布着最淡、最冷和溶解氧含量最高的AABW。局地高密度陆架水(DSW)在该海脊上的底层具有最高占比,最高达(28.58 ± 1.75)%,超出了文森湾正北方大陆坡外侧其它所有站点的占比。DSW与变性绕极深层水(mCDW)的混合物——VBBW的含量同样在该西北部海脊上的AABW所在层达到最大。该结果显示地形对局地DSW乃至VBBW的输出具有重要引导作用,VBBW的输出可能主要沿着该西北部海脊。在垂向上,大部分站点的DSW占比随着深度变浅而减小,但是在次底层普遍存在着斑块状的DSW贡献层,即在某些深度范围内DSW占比增大。对照等密度面的海水特性距平分布可知,在次底层DSW会沿着等密度面往外输出,表现为向外海的温盐入侵层。这些温盐入侵层具有显著低温、低盐和富氧的特点,可能对最新发现的次底层通风增强具有贡献作用。另外,VBBW能够到达澳大利亚−南极海盆4000 m以深的底部,但是其贡献率相对有限,不超过17%,且主要由mCDW贡献。本文研究有助于理解中等海湾底层水的输出路径及其对澳大利亚−南极海盆底层水的贡献,为进一步研究该海盆深底层水的生成和变性提供有效参考。

南极底层水  /  文森湾底层水  /  输出路径  /  贡献率  /  温盐入侵

Based on the hydrographic observations carried out in the austral summer during 2013 and 2015 from the continental shelf to the front regions of Vincennes Bay, East Antarctica, this study utilizes an optimum multiparameter analysis method to evaluate the export pathway of Vincennes Bay Bottom Water (VBBW) and its contribution rate to Antarctic bottom water (AABW). The results show that the freshest, coldest, and most oxygen-rich bottom water is distributed above the northwestern ridge of Vincennes Bay. The highest proportion of local Dense Shelf Water (DSW) on the bottom over this ridge was (28.58 ± 1.75)%, which exceeded the proportion observed at all other stations on the offshore side of the continental slope. The VBBW, a mixture of local DSW and modified Circumpolar Deep Water, was also maximized in the AABW layer on this northwestern ridge. The results suggest that topography plays an important role in guiding the outflow of local DSW and even VBBW, and the northwestern ridge could be the main pathway for VBBW export. In the vertical direction, the proportion of DSW decreases with the shallower depth at most stations, but patchy DSW contribution layers were commonly observed in the sub-bottom layers, which means that the proportion of DSW increases in some depth ranges. According to the anomaly distribution of seawater characteristics on the density surfaces, the DSW in the sub-bottom layers can also be exported along the isopycnals, manifested as thermohaline intrusion patches. These thermohaline intrusion patches have significantly colder, fresher, and oxygen-rich characteristics, which may contribute to the enhancement of sub-bottom ventilation. In addition, VBBW can reach the bottom of the Australia-Antarctic basin at depths deeper than 4000 m but with a limited contribution rate, no more than 17%, and is mainly contributed by mCDW. This study helps understand the export pathway and contribution of bottom water from the medium bay to the bottom layer of the Australia-Antarctic Basin. It provides a reference for further study on the formation and modification of the AABW in this basin.

Antarctic Bottom Water  /  Vincennes Bay Bottom Water  /  export pathway  /  contribution rate  /  thermohaline intrusion
程灵巧, 高照诠, 北出裕二郎, 朱国平. 文森湾底层水的输出路径及其在南极底层水中的贡献率. 海洋学报, 2025 , 47 (3) : 1 -12 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2025019
Lingqiao Cheng, Zhaoquan Gao, Yujiro Kitade, Guoping Zhu. Export pathway of Vincennes Bay Bottom Water and its contribution rate in the Antarctic Bottom Water layer[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2025 , 47 (3) : 1 -12 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2025019
南极底层水(Antarctic Bottom Water,AABW)是全球经向翻转环流的关键组成部分之一[12]。现阶段研究已知,AABW源自南极周边的多个沿海区域,特别是威德尔海[3]、罗斯海[45]、乔治五世/阿德利地海岸区域[68]以及达恩利角冰间湖区域[9]。AABW的生成可以追溯到大陆架上的沿岸冰间湖,在这些区域,随着海冰的形成,AABW的前身—高密度陆架水(Dense Shelf Water,DSW)得以形成并积累。随后,DSW越过大陆坡向深海溢出,同时挟带相对高温高盐的变性绕极深层水(modified Circumpolar Deep Water,mCDW)下沉至深海形成AABW[1012]
AABW存在普遍的形成机制,但由于沿岸冰架冷却、海冰形成过程中的析盐作用以及大陆架宽度等因素的差异使得不同海域形成的AABW会表现出略微不同的水体特性[2, 9, 11, 1314]。在发现达恩利角底层水后,Kitade等[15]发现了一种源自文森湾冰间湖(Vincennes Bay Polynya,VBP)的AABW。文森湾冰间湖是一个位于澳大利亚–南极海盆(Australian-Antarctic Basin,AAB)西南部的中型冰间湖,具有中等海冰形成面积,约为90 km3/a[1617]。文森湾底层水(Vincennes Bay Bottom Water,VBBW)具有位温约为−0.52℃,盐度约为34.64的特点[15],比罗斯海底层水(Ross Sea Bottom Water,RSBW)略冷,比阿德利陆地底层水(Adélie Land Bottom Water,ALBW)和RSBW盐度略低[7, 14]。VBBW的发现扩大了AABW的潜在源区,包括传统上被忽视的区域,这些区域缺乏显著的海湾冰架结构或广阔的大陆架。
到目前为止,AAB中的底层水被广泛认为来源于ALBW和RSBW的下游水团[1819]。现有的研究已经充分证明AAB中的底层水AABW存在长期海水性质的变化,如密度最大的底层水出现了淡化、暖化和体积收缩的现象[1925]。ALBW和RSBW源水的性质变化及其对底层水供应量的变化,以及南极绕极流的南移是AAB深层海水性质变化的最重要原因[2223, 2627]。Shimada等[25]的研究表明,即使在去除南极绕极流锋面的南移效应后,由于深海增温,AABW依然在显著减少。另一方面,Kitade等[15]讨论了局地生成的VBBW密度可能不足以使其真正到达海底,但其可能对AAB中AABW的中层和上层有重要贡献。文森湾(Vincennes Bay,VB)外的半永久性气旋涡在其西侧以(0.6 ± 0.4)×106 m3/s的速度将VBBW向外海输送[28]
由上述可知,AABW及其在VB附近的变性由多种源水决定,包括从东部平流至此的AABW,如ALBW和RSBW,以及局地生成的VBBW。阐明VBBW对AABW的贡献可以进一步加深对AAB中底层水性质变化的了解。此外,东南极洲沿岸的中型冰间湖,如Shackleton、Dalton以及Dibble冰间湖,其产冰量也与VBP相当[29]。厘清VBBW输出有助于研究这些中等尺寸冰间湖对AABW的可能贡献。本研究尝试评估VBBW的输出路径及其对AABW所在层的贡献。
VB是一个“V”形的开放海湾,位于东南极洲105°~111°E之间。在 2013‒2015年南半球夏季,日本东京海洋大学的“海鹰丸”实习科考船使用温盐深剖面仪(CTD,SBE911plus)在VB外海开展了多个站点加密水文观测,采集了自海表至离海底10 m的温、盐和深度数据。盐度和温度的精度同时满足世界海洋环流试验[30]和GO-SHIP要求的0.002和0.002℃[31]。关于溶解氧观测,在2013年和2014年搭载了海鸟公司的SBE43溶解氧传感器,然后在2015年改用JFE Ale公司的Rinko Optode传感器。Hood等[32]的方法被用于校准溶解氧浓度数据,数据精度达到1%的WOCE要求范围内。本文中,选取了位于60°S以南的站点进行详细研究(图1)。观测到的断面以大写字母和数字命名,包括了沿VB西北部海脊的A断面和横跨西北部海脊的M断面,沿110°E的C断面,沿64°S的64断面,沿大陆坡外侧的B断面及从VB大陆架到大陆隆的D断面。
本研究选择具有相对高精度和高垂向采样频率的水文特性来表征水团,包括位温(θ)、盐度(S)和溶解氧浓度(DO)。θS在海洋内部被认为是可保守量,因为内部海洋远离海面且包括海底热泉等的内部θS供应源极少,可以忽略不计。海洋内部的DO主要受生物消耗影响,但这在寒冷的AABW中相对较弱。
VB外海中AABW主要由ALBW和RSBW的下游水团混合形成。来自这两个源区的AABW在经过长时间的平流并与沿途水团的相互作用后变得很难区分[23],因此该混合水团在本研究中被识别为AABW-E。该海区AABW同时还受VBBW影响,即源自VB产生的DSW和本地mCDW的混合物。2015年航次的观测站点数量最多,因此选取该航次中在(60°S,110°E)底层(约4 300 m)获得的水文特性用于表示AABW-E。由于海冰覆盖,仅在2014年1月到达大陆架上方并在D04站点(65.5°S,107.8°E)处观测到了DSW。因此选用同时期从大陆坡外侧的D01(64.3°S,107.7°E)提取代表性mCDW(表1)。
本文采用Thompson和Edwards[34]的最优多参数分析方法来估计不同水源对VB附近AABW的贡献率。首先引入一个矢量 b,表示AABW所在层(γ n > 28.27 kg/m3[35]的海水性质,
$ \boldsymbol{b}=\left(\begin{array}{c}\theta_{\rm{obs}} \\ S_{\rm{obs}} \\ \mathrm{DO}_{\rm{obs}}\end{array}\right). $
那么一个3 × 3的常数矩阵A,其列分别是DSW、mCDW和AABW-E的3个属性,可以定义如下:
$ \bf{A}=\left(\begin{array}{ccc}{\theta }_{1}& {\theta }_{2}& {\theta }_{3}\\ {S}_{1}& {S}_{2}& {S}_{3}\\ {{\rm{DO}}}_{1}& {{\rm{DO}}}_{2}& {{\rm{DO}}}_{3}\end{array}\right). $
另一个表示这3个水团各自比率的矢量表示为 X
$ \boldsymbol X=\left(\begin{array}{c}{x}_{1}\\ {x}_{2}\\ {x}_{3}\end{array}\right). $
为了最小化 Ax−b的残差,应用了具有权重参数对角矩阵 W的最小二乘法,
$ \sum_{j=1}^rw_j^2\left(\sum_{k=1}^ma_{jk}x_k-b_j\right)^2=\left(\boldsymbol{Ax}-\boldsymbol{b}\right)^2\boldsymbol{W}^{\mathrm{T}}\boldsymbol{W}\left(\boldsymbol{Ax}-\boldsymbol{b}\right),(r=m=3) $
其中权重反映了不同参数的保守程度或它们的测量精度[36]。Thompson和Edwards[34]选择参数典型方差的倒数作为权重。Tomczak和Large[36]建议,权重矩阵 W的确定应考虑环境变化以及仪器传感器在观测过程中的性能,这些都反映在源水域的参数变化中。因此,在初步处理阶段,我们分别检查了代表性DSW、mCDW和AABW-E的标准差。首先,根据源水数据50 m范围内的S、DO和θ之间的相关性验证各源水的数据一致性,获得所有相关系数R > 0.816,P < 0.001的紧密相关性。在源水数据50 m范围内,各水团(θS,DO)的标准差分别为DSW(0.002,0.003,0.003),AABW-E(0.001,0.009,0.98)及mCDW(0.021,0.005,0.039)。AABW-E层中DO的快速垂向变化,以及mCDW最大盐度层中θ和DO的快速垂向变化,反映了这两种水团的特点,因此这些特性量具有相对较大的标准差。除此之外,源水域中的大多数标准差与(0.002,0.002,0.01)的数据准确度在同一量级,因此我们将准确度值的倒数确定为 W。那么, W可以表示为
$ \begin{split} \boldsymbol W= &\left(\begin{array}{ccc}\dfrac{1}{{\theta }_{e}}& 0& 0\\0& \dfrac{1}{{S}_{e}}& 0\\0& 0& \dfrac{1}{{{\mathrm{DO}}}_{e}}\end{array}\right)=\\&\left(\begin{array}{ccc}\dfrac{1}{0.002}& 0& 0\\0& \dfrac{1}{0.002}& 0\\0& 0& \dfrac{1}{0.01}\end{array}\right) .\end{split} $
此外,不同源水团的贡献率必须满足 $ x_k\geqslant0 \left(k=1,\ 2,\ 3\right) $。同时假设,除了这3个源水团之外,没有其他水团贡献,并且这些源水团通过线性组合,因此也应该满足
$ \sum_{k=1}^mx_k=1\qquad\left(m=3\right) $
在这里,我们定义$ \boldsymbol s={(\mathrm{1,1},1)}^{\rm T} $,则式(6)表示为 $ {\boldsymbol s}^{\rm T}{\boldsymbol X}=1 $
现在引入拉格朗日乘数λ,式(4)可以通过以下式子求解
$ 2{\boldsymbol A}^{\rm T}{\boldsymbol W}^{\rm T}{\boldsymbol W}\left({\boldsymbol {AX}}-{\boldsymbol b}\right)-2\lambda \boldsymbol s=0. $
该公式解可以写为
$ \boldsymbol X=D\left({C}^{\rm T}{\boldsymbol {Wb}}+\lambda s\right), $
式中:$ \lambda =(1-{\boldsymbol s}^{\rm T}{\boldsymbol{DC}}^{\rm T}{\boldsymbol{Wb}})/\left({\boldsymbol s}^{\rm T}{\boldsymbol{Ds}}\right) $$ \boldsymbol C= \boldsymbol{WA} $, $ \boldsymbol D={\left({\boldsymbol C}^{\rm T}{\boldsymbol C}\right)}^{-1} $。通过上述计算可以获得3个源水对VB附近AABW的贡献率,并评估该层局部VBBW(DSW + mCDW)的输出路径分布。
在VB前缘海域海洋水文特性的空间变化明显。A断面和C断面分别位于VB前缘的西北部和东部位置,比较这两个观测断面可以较好地获得水文特性的东西向变化(如图2所示)。在上层海洋(<1 000 m)中,次表层以温度极小值来表征的冬季水(Winter Water,WW)作为冬季混合层的残余,在A断面上的水平和垂向跨度比C断面大得多,这表明沿西北部海脊的大气−海洋−海冰相互作用比110°E更强烈[20]。在WW下方,相对温暖、高盐且贫氧的绕极深层水(Circumpolar Deep Water,CDW)在C断面中显示出比A断面更强的南向扩散。例如,在C断面中1.2℃等温线及200 μmol/kg的DO等值线向南可以达到64°S以南,且34.7等盐度线可以达到65°S。相比之下,A断面上仅在63.5°S以北的观测站点观察到类似的水文特性。WW和CDW在A断面和C断面上的不同分布范围表明,A断面更靠近大陆坡,其站点水文特性更容易受到来自大陆架的影响。Mizobata等[28]的研究支持了这一点,即半永久性气旋式涡旋占据了这个区域,其西端靠近A断面,而C断面分布在涡旋极向输送的东侧。
在更深层的海洋(>1 000 m)中,近岸深海的典型斜压结构在两条观测断面上都非常明显。然而,A断面的南部观测站点(A01、A02、A03)中底层AABW明显更冷、更淡且富含溶解氧。在C断面上,只能在62.5°S的C04站点和63°S的C05站点发现以θ min略小于−0.50℃和S min 约34.64为特征的底层水,而在位置更南的KC6‒C06站则没有发现。此外,在C断面中没有发现富氧(DO > 245.0 μmol/kg)的底层水。联系到ALBW和RSBW自东往西传输的路径特点,A和C断面之间深层海水特性的这种差异证明了相对较西位置更淡、更冷和富氧(较新)AABW信号的本地起源[15, 28]
进一步基于2015年观测到的(60°S,110°E)处中性密度面上的θS,DO求得A、B和C断面的盐度(a S)、温度(a θ)和溶解氧浓度(a DO)距平(图3)得到了AABW的空间差异。(60°S,110°E)位于南极绕极流南部锋以北和南极辐散带的北缘[37],因此观测站点的水文特性代表了深海海水的特征。在两个经向断面A和C上,AABW以负的a S 、a θ以及正的a DO为主。负距平在南侧A01‒A04站点(水深 < 3 000 m)和KC6‒C06站点(水深 < 3 500 m)增强,在γn> 28.29 kg/m3以深范围,负距平随深度增加而进一步加强。海水特性距平分布显示了局地VBBW通风存在两种模式:一种是沿着海底流出;另一种是沿着等密度面流出,比如A断面上γn = 28.31 kg/m3γn = 28.32 kg/m3附近沿着等密度面存在侧向突出(lateral protruding)的低温、低盐和高DO水结构。在C断面上γn = 28.32 kg/m3附近,也可以发现一些类似但强度要弱得多的等密度面结构。比较A断面和C断面上的距平分布,发现VB西北部的VBBW通风更强,这支持了VB西北部海脊附近的锚碇观测结果[15]以及Mizobata等[28]提出的气旋性文森涡旋的输送效应。近岸沿大陆坡B断面的纬向变化也很明显。负距平在A01中γn > 28.30 kg/m3的底层最大,而B03站点(对应海底水深最大)的负距平最小。在B01和B02处负距平则相对适中。这样的分布进一步说明了VBBW的主要输出路径为VB西北部海脊。因此,VBBW的局部通风及其扩散对该区域AABW特性的空间变化具有重要贡献。
用各站点AABW层中每50 m间隔的各源水百分率占比来表示源自VB的DSW、外海深层的mCDW和东侧的AABW-E的3个源水的空间贡献,分别记为P DSWP mCDWP AABW-E。沿西北部海脊的A断面上的AABW具有最大的DSW占比,并且在每个观测站点的海底附近观测到最大的P DSW分布(图4a)。P DSW往往从底层到较浅层逐渐减少,但是在内部仍然具有一些相对较大P DSW的斑块结构,例如A02站点距海底约200~250 m处和A04站点2 100~2 500 m之间的斑块结构。在离岸方向上,底部P DSW从A01站点的(28.58 ± 1.75)% 单调下降到A05站点的(12.68 ± 8.9)%,然后在A05站点之后保持大致一定。底部P mCDW从A01站点的(24.39 ± 1.11)%下降到A05站点之后的约10.0%或更低(图4b)。DSW和mCDW混合物(定义为VBBW)在A01站点至A04站点底部的贡献分别为(52.97 ± 2.86)%、(49.74 ± 4.02)%、(35.58 ± 8.11)%、(28.82 ± 1.68)%,从A05到A07保持在22.0%左右。相比之下,A05站点之后底部P AABW-E从(47.03 ± 2.83)%增加到约78.0%。
D断面是最南端的断面,从VB大陆架上的洼地向北延伸到海底深度超过3 000 m的大陆隆区域。如图4d所示,DSW在大陆架的D03站点和D04站点处具有充分的贡献率,除了水柱中间mCDW入侵层外,P DSW达到近100.0%;在大陆坡离底800 m范围内的DSW贡献率也相当可观,最大P DSW为(15.53 ± 0.14)%。然而,在D01站点离底450 m以内P DSW下降到低于6.0%,其中最大值位于距海底约200 m处。mCDW的向岸入侵在D03站点的中间深度很明显,最大P mCDW达到(22.53 ± 16.55)%(图4e)。相对较大的标准差意味着mCDW的核心特性在向陆侵入过程中存在不稳定性,因为CDW的变性是与环境陆架水的混合效应而发生的。根据P DSWP mCDW的分布可以发现,VBBW的贡献从大陆架的近乎100.0%下降到大陆坡的不到47.0%,而在大陆隆进一步减少至13.0%,表明沿这条路径的底部通风较弱。
C断面沿着110°E经度线,位于所有观测断面的最东端。该观测断面上的P DSW值均小于15.0%,在最南端KC6站点的底部P DSW最大值为(14.18 ± 0.85)%(图4g)。P DSW从底层到较浅层逐渐减少,并在内部伴随着一些弱的内部斑块结构,类似于A断面的观测结果。然而,与A断面相比,C04站点和C05站点底部的P DSW略大于C06站点处的P DSW,而不是向离岸方向单调下降,这与图2中所示的底层水特性分布一致。根据图1,由于C04站点和C05站点靠近西北部海脊的前端,一些沿海脊离岸输运的DSW也可以到达这两个观测站点。C断面底层的P mCDW不超过30.0%,并且在较浅层中具有较大的值(图4h),与P DSW的垂向变化相反。DSW和mCDW在垂向上的补偿效应导致KC6站点中1 800 m至海底之间VBBW(DSW + mCDW)的贡献率相似,为28.0~32.0%。在其他站点中可以得出类似的分布模式,但值较小。在距海底600 m范围内,VBBW贡献率在61.0°S处下降到不超过17.0%。
在DSW流出和新的AABW形成过程中,海底地形起着重要的导向作用,比如CDBW便是沿着海底峡谷流出[9, 38]。在VB附近,DSW主要在海底以密度流的形式沿西北部海脊流出,还有一小部分沿中部和东部的大陆坡流出。内部斑块结构与图3中的横向突出结构一致,促进了相对较冷、较淡和富氧的DSW的离岸输出[25]
图5表示M、64和B 3条纬向断面上各源水贡献率变化。DSW在M断面的所有观测站点的贡献率均低于8.0%。与D01类似,除了位于山脊上的M04外,其他站点均在离底约200 m处观察到最大P DSW值。这些次底层的P DSW最大值类似于其他观测断面的斑块结构,表明DSW输出到具有更大密度水的水柱中。尽管较浅层的mCDW贡献率增加,但最大的次底层P DSW分布导致次底层的VBBW比例最高。64断面上的DSW贡献率与M断面上的贡献率相当。但除C21外,P DSW最大值均出现在底部(图5d)。西北部海脊坡面站点上的P DSW普遍大于东部站点。同时,在该断面上也可以看到内部斑块结构,例如在C24约2 750 m处和C21约2 950 m处。值得注意的是,M和64断面分别在2014年和2013年观测到,年变化可能会影响源水贡献率的结果。因此,这里仅在各断面内部比较各源水的贡献率。
图5g所示,DSW广泛分布于B断面上,但是其东部4个观测站点的P DSW均不超过14.0%,与A04(63.5°S)的值相当。在B01和B02相对近岸的站点上的DSW占比要比B03的DSW占比略大。这样的分布与地形约束对海水特性的影响一致[39],表明DSW流出对海底地形的敏感性。P DSW较大的内部斑块结构在B断面上也很明显,例如B01约2 148 m处、B02约2 056 m处和B03约1 963 m处,贡献于较高的VBBW比例(100−P AABW-E图5i)。
图3中较淡、较冷和富氧水的沿等密面贯入结构及图4图5中的次底层DSW斑块结构揭示了侧向温盐入侵的发生,这是两个不同水团侧向相遇时重要的物理过程[40]。在入侵过程中,盐度和温度的垂向变化对密度有相反影响,因此不一定会产生密度翻转,但可以影响温盐分层并改变海水的性质[41]。在AAB内,2012年后近海淡水(DSW)的入侵增加[25]。在这里,按照Shimada等[25]的识别方法,我们根据特纳角(Tu)[42]评估AABW内部的斑块状DSW流出。Tu的计算公式为
$ \rm{Tu}=\mathrm{arctan}\left(\frac{\mathit{R}_{\rho}+1}{\mathit{R}_{\rho}-1}\right), $
式中:Rρ = α($\partial \theta/ \partial z $)/β($\partial S/ \partial z $)为密度比,α = −(1/ρ)($ \partial \rho / \partial \theta $)为热膨胀系数,β = (1/ρ)($\partial \rho / \partial S $)为盐收缩系数,ρ是海水密度(kg/m3)。在典型的AABW层中,温度和盐度都随着深度的增加而降低,因此可能会出现对应于 45° < Tu < 90° 的盐指对流。当较淡和较冷的水团侵入AABW时,预计其上层的盐指对流将得到加强,并且下层可能会产生对应于 −90° < Tu < −45° 的扩散对流。因此,为了识别侵入斑块,首先确定Tu < −45° 的最小值,进而确认位于最小值上方的Tu > 72°的最大值。入侵斑块的下边界被确定为Tu最小值下方出现Tu < −45°的最后一层(由图6 中的三角形表示),而上边界被定义为Tu最大值上方出现 Tu > 72°的第一层(由图6 中的倒三角形表示)[25]
图6所示,在A02站点的AABW所在层共识别出了5个斑块状低温、低盐水入侵结构。其中,最明显的淡化、冷却和DO增大发生在2 209 m和2 317 m之间的次底层,对应γn约为28.31 kg/m3。对于这样显著且结构相对简单的入侵层,可以根据侵入斑块上下界的温盐值线性差值出内部理想无DSW入侵的温、盐分布(如图6b中红色虚线所示),再根据实际温、盐特性分布与理想值之间的差异,来评估入侵斑块的强度。但是如其上方的其他4个入侵层,虽然Tu剖面中呈现出完整的入侵层分布,但是从θ-S图中可知这些入侵层可能是一个更大入侵层的一部分,入侵不稳定导致了Tu变动。Scherbina等[43]提出采用跨密度面涩化弯曲(diapycnal spiciness curvature)的方式来指示入侵层,但是该跨密度面涩化弯曲被定义为d(tanTu)/dσ,其中σ为密度(kg/m3),即表示tanTu在密度面间的变化率。而由于AABW层密度垂向变化细微,导致该方法无法适用。
虽然AABW整体暖化、淡化和体积缩小,但是次底层通风增强[25, 37]。本文中显示的多站点次底层低温、低盐和高DO水入侵结构可能在次底层水增强的过程中起到重要作用,即新生成的AABW密度无法足够大到抵达海底,便会沿着等密度面入侵到次底层。因此,设计一种适用于AABW所在层,能有效分辨温盐入侵层的识别方法具有重要意义。
基于2013‒2015间在东南极洲文森湾大陆架至前缘海域的实测观测资料,利用最优多参数分析法计算了局地DSW、mCDW和东源底层水AABW-E在该区域底层中的贡献率,评估了当地VBBW(即局地DSW和mCDW的混合物)的输出路径及空间贡献。主要结果表明:
(1)地形引导局地DSW的输出。文森湾西北部海脊引导主要DSW的流出(如图7所示),该海脊上方DSW在AABW所在层的占比最大达到(28.58 ± 1.75)%,在海脊前端也保持在10%以上。该结果明显高于东侧其他大陆隆上站点的DSW贡献率,间接说明了其不可能来自东侧其他AABW源头。由此,海脊上的VBBW的贡献率最大达到(52.97 ± 2.86)%,并在其前端也保持在22.2%左右。
(2)DSW的流出有两种模式。低温、低盐和富氧的DSW向外洋输出过程中主要沿着海底以密度流的形式往外面流出;另一种则以斑块状温盐入侵的形式沿着次底层等密度面往外输出。斑块状温盐入侵的形式普遍发生于各个断面内部,可能对次底层通风增强有贡献作用。
(3)基于本文方法获得的VBBW能够到达AAB内4 000 m以深的底部,但是其贡献率相对有限,不超过17%,且主要由mCDW贡献。
值得指出的是,本研究仅关注底层水特性的空间变化,没有考虑时间变化。本文采用了连续3年的南半球夏季观测数据以此尽量减少时间变化的混叠,但对比2013年观测的64断面、2014年的M断面及2015的其它断面结果中依然存在年际变化,因此本文没有比较不同年份间的各源水贡献率。同时,本文也没有考虑源水本身的年际变化。DSW的斑块状温盐入侵可能是底层水变异的重要途径,在今后研究中有必要对其强度和垂向尺度开展精准评估。
  • 国家重点研发计划“政府间国际科技创新合作”重点专项(2023YFE0104500);国家自然科学基金(42130402);国家重点研发计划子课题(2023YFD2401201)。
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2025年第47卷第3期
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doi: 10.12284/hyxb2025019
  • 接收时间:2024-11-23
  • 首发时间:2025-10-27
  • 出版时间:2025-03-31
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-23
  • 修回日期:2025-01-10
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国家重点研发计划“政府间国际科技创新合作”重点专项(2023YFE0104500);国家自然科学基金(42130402);国家重点研发计划子课题(2023YFD2401201)。
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    1 上海海洋大学 海洋科学与生态环境学院,上海 201306
    2 日本东京海洋大学 海洋科学系,东京 108‒8477
    3 上海海洋大学 海洋生物资源与管理学院,上海 201306
    4 上海海洋大学 极地研究中心,上海 201306
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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