Article(id=1233720125736670162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, issueId=1233720124591633183, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12284/hyxb2021073, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1574006400000, receivedDateStr=2019-11-18, revisedDate=1584806400000, revisedDateStr=2020-03-22, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1772071399387, onlineDateStr=2026-02-26, pubDate=1611504000000, pubDateStr=2021-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1772071399387, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1772071399387, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772071399387, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1233720124591633183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, year='2021', volume='43', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='164', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1772071399114, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772071399114, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null}, startPage=44, endPage=54, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1233720126055437270, articleId=1233720125736670162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=EN, title=Petrochemistry of volcanic rocks and characteristics of magma-derrived mantle in the Okinawa Trough, columnId=1200807624443818795, journalTitle=Haiyang Xuebao, columnName=Review, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The Okinawa Trough is an initial back arc basin developed on the continental crust due to the subduction of Philippine Sea plate under Eurasian plate. It is a natural laboratory to study the basin evolution, magmatism and crust-mantle interactions in the early stage of back arc expansion. Although a lot of investigations and research works have been done so far, there are still some controversial or urgent scientific problems, such as the genetic relationship between acid pumice and basic basalts in the trough, the control of tectonic background on magmatism in different sections of the trough, the characteristics of magma-derrived mantle, and the influence of subduction plate components (fluid + melt) on the mantle wedge, etc. On the basis of systematically collecting and sorting out (excluding some doubtful data) the major element, trace element (including rare earth elements) and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic data of volcanic rocks in the Okinawa Trough, the author further confirmed the magma homology of acid pumice and basic basalt through systematic analysis of the data, and believed that the distributions of acid pumice and neutral andesite in the north and middle sections of the trough should be the reflection of regional rift at present, while the basic basalts widely distributed in the south section indicate that they are close to mature back arc basin in structural property. The volcanic magma source area of Okinawa Trough has the characteristics of enriched mantle II (EMII)-type Dupal anomaly, and the magma comes from the source mixed by end-member of prevalent mantle (PREMA) and EMII type mantle end-member, of which the ratio of EMII is about 15% and PREMA about 85%. The addition of fluid/melt from subducted Philippine Sea plate (subducted ocean crust or sediment) is the reason for the EMII type characteristics of magma-derrived mantle beneath the Okinawa Trough, which is different from the viewpoint that the Dupal anomaly originates from the interaction between crust and mantle.

, correspAuthors=Shikui Zhai, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2021 Pratacultural Science. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yujiao Zhang, Shikui Zhai), CN=ArticleExt(id=1233720129335382037, articleId=1233720125736670162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, language=CN, title=冲绳海槽火山岩地球化学特征及岩浆源区地幔性质探讨, columnId=1189609213333594548, journalTitle=海洋学报, columnName=综述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

冲绳海槽是因菲律宾海板块俯冲于欧亚板块之下,在陆壳上发育起来的一个初始的弧后盆地,是研究弧后扩张作用早期盆地演化、岩浆作用和壳幔过程的天然实验室。尽管迄今对冲绳海槽已经做了大量的调查研究工作,但仍存在一些颇有争议或亟待解决的科学问题,如:冲绳海槽酸性浮岩与基性玄武岩之间的成因联系,冲绳海槽不同区段构造背景对岩浆作用的控制,冲绳海槽岩浆源区地幔的特征,俯冲板块组分(流体+熔体)对地幔楔部分熔融的贡献等。本文在系统收集和整理(剔除了一些存疑数据)了迄今已有冲绳海槽火山岩主量元素、微量元素(包括稀土元素)与Sr-Nd-Pb同位素数据的基础上,通过对资料的系统分析,进一步确认了酸性浮岩与基性玄武岩的岩浆同源性;认为在冲绳海槽北段与中段主要分布有酸性浮岩和中性安山岩,应该是两段区域目前正处于裂谷阶段的反映,而南段广泛分布的基性玄武岩说明在构造性质上已接近成熟性弧后盆地;冲绳海槽的火山岩岩浆源区具有II型富集地幔(EMII型)Dupal异常特征,岩浆源于流行地幔(PREMA)和EMII型地幔端元混合的源区地幔,其中EMII约占比15%,PREMA贡献率在85%左右;源于俯冲的菲律宾海板块(俯冲洋壳或沉积物)的流/熔体的加入是导致冲绳海槽下伏地幔具有EMII型特征的原因,这一点不同于Dupal异常源于壳幔相互作用的观点。

, correspAuthors=翟世奎, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
翟世奎,教授,主要从事海洋地质学研究。E-mail:
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张宇蛟(1990—),男,山东省德州市人,博士学位研究生,主要从事岩石地球化学研究。E-mail:

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A slab detachment and delamination model for the generation of Carboniferous high-potassium I-type magmatism in the Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey: The Kose composite pluton[J]. Gondwana Research, 2011, 19(4): 926−944., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1233728221091525613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233720125736670162, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2013CB429702)。, fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1233728213785047851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233720125736670162, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1233728213793436461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233720125736670162, companyId=1233728213785047851, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Key Lab of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1233728213801825070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233720125736670162, companyId=1233728213785047851, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1海底科学与探测技术教育部重点实验室,山东 青岛 266100)]), AuthorCompany(id=1233728213902488370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233720125736670162, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1233728213915071284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233720125736670162, companyId=1233728213902488370, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1233728213931848504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233720125736670162, companyId=1233728213902488370, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2中国海洋大学 海洋地球科学学院,山东 青岛 266100)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1233728219157951386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233720125736670162, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Okinawa Trough topography and volcanic rock-sampled locations, figureFileSmall=M/Flz77NvUx5JIyOIo7RjQ==, figureFileBig=eRqfuevmZ8rZPfS2GIoppA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233728219262808994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233720125736670162, language=CN, label=图1, caption=冲绳海槽地形与火山岩样品分布, figureFileSmall=M/Flz77NvUx5JIyOIo7RjQ==, figureFileBig=eRqfuevmZ8rZPfS2GIoppA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233728219464135596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233720125736670162, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Diagrams of main chemical components of volcanic rocks from the Okinawa Trough

a. Diagram of TAS; b. diagram of AFM; c. diagram of SiO2-K2O

, figureFileSmall=JPJCtZCcpNWulXZ+Xig02w==, figureFileBig=l7bsU0/BRbdDAa0zriYjTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233728219560604593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233720125736670162, language=CN, label=图2, caption=冲绳海槽火山岩的常量化学组分图解

a. TAS图解; b. AFM图解; c. SiO2-K2O图解

, figureFileSmall=JPJCtZCcpNWulXZ+Xig02w==, figureFileBig=l7bsU0/BRbdDAa0zriYjTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233728219644490676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233720125736670162, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Relationships between SiO2 and major element oxides in volcanic rocks from the Okinawa Trough, figureFileSmall=oIJo/cvLQqHqSLBusjvx5w==, figureFileBig=W6fP9LZmNj9M2TdCxYDjxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233728219736765369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233720125736670162, language=CN, label=图3, caption=冲绳海槽火山岩SiO2与各主要氧化物的关系, figureFileSmall=oIJo/cvLQqHqSLBusjvx5w==, figureFileBig=W6fP9LZmNj9M2TdCxYDjxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233728219883566016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233720125736670162, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Trace element of volcanic rocks from the Okinawa Trough (a, c, e) and REE distribution patterns from the Okinawa Trough (b, d, f) (primitive mantle and chondrite data quoted from reference [39]), figureFileSmall=LcbO8A1PdHX5GuAB0ipH1A==, figureFileBig=72bXFL+EM9R/8hGv3Jlqlw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233728219988423619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233720125736670162, language=CN, label=图4, caption=冲绳海槽火山岩原始地幔标准化的微量元素蛛网图(a,c,e)和球粒陨石标准化的稀土元素模式图(b,d,f)(原始地幔和球粒陨石数据引自文献[39]), figureFileSmall=LcbO8A1PdHX5GuAB0ipH1A==, figureFileBig=72bXFL+EM9R/8hGv3Jlqlw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233728220089086921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233720125736670162, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Sr-Nd-Pd diagrams of basaltic rock in the middle section of Okinawa Trough and south section of Okinawa Trough

DMM. depleted mid ocean ridge basalt mantle; HIMU. high ratioof U/Pb; BSE. bulk silicate earth; PM. primitive mantle; GEOCHRON. geochron

, figureFileSmall=K+f1SBxY9m1dSR9esqS/uw==, figureFileBig=YtO1X/g3Fm/2UKe/BcCmNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233728220189750221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233720125736670162, language=CN, label=图5, caption=冲绳海槽中、南段玄武岩的Sr-Nd-Pd同位素图解

DMM. 亏损大洋中脊玄武岩地幔;HIMU. 高U/Pb比值的地幔;BSE. 地球岩石圈;PM. 原始地幔;GEOCHRON. 全球零时等时线

, figureFileSmall=K+f1SBxY9m1dSR9esqS/uw==, figureFileBig=YtO1X/g3Fm/2UKe/BcCmNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233728220298802130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233720125736670162, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Ta/Hf−Ta/Hf discriminant diagram of tectonic environments of volcanic rocks from the Okinawa Trough, figureFileSmall=DpyRI4TPd+JdtKO8VCJY1w==, figureFileBig=bwtaW+OXbFUfcnCQBmPtkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233728220386882517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233720125736670162, language=CN, label=图6, caption=冲绳海槽火山岩大地构造环境的Ta/Hf−Ta/Hf判别图, figureFileSmall=DpyRI4TPd+JdtKO8VCJY1w==, figureFileBig=bwtaW+OXbFUfcnCQBmPtkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233728220470768600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233720125736670162, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Nb−Nb/Yb diagram of volcanic rocks from the Okinawa Trough, figureFileSmall=0doIzpvJqBamlzk0+id5rA==, figureFileBig=JwdGj8IongGR+EyvD8ppSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233728220546266074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233720125736670162, language=CN, label=图7, caption=冲绳海槽火山岩Nb−Nb/Yb判别图, figureFileSmall=0doIzpvJqBamlzk0+id5rA==, figureFileBig=JwdGj8IongGR+EyvD8ppSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1233728220621763548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149651085930835976, articleId=1233720125736670162, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Trace element discriminant diagrams of volcanic rock from the Okinawa Trough

a. Ba/Th vs Th/Nb diagram (after reference[49]); b. Th/Yb vs Ba/La diagram (after reference[50])

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a. Ba/Th-Th/Nb判别图(底图引自文献[49]);b.Th/Yb-Ba/La判别图(底图引自文献[50])

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冲绳海槽火山岩地球化学特征及岩浆源区地幔性质探讨
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张宇蛟 1, 2 , 翟世奎 1, 2, *
海洋学报 | 综述 2021,43(1): 44-54
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海洋学报 | 综述 2021, 43(1): 44-54
冲绳海槽火山岩地球化学特征及岩浆源区地幔性质探讨
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张宇蛟1, 2 , 翟世奎1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1海底科学与探测技术教育部重点实验室,山东 青岛 266100
  • 2中国海洋大学 海洋地球科学学院,山东 青岛 266100
  • 张宇蛟(1990—),男,山东省德州市人,博士学位研究生,主要从事岩石地球化学研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

翟世奎,教授,主要从事海洋地质学研究。E-mail:
Petrochemistry of volcanic rocks and characteristics of magma-derrived mantle in the Okinawa Trough
Yujiao Zhang1, 2 , Shikui Zhai1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1Key Lab of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China
  • 2College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
出版时间: 2021-01-25 doi: 10.12284/hyxb2021073
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冲绳海槽是因菲律宾海板块俯冲于欧亚板块之下,在陆壳上发育起来的一个初始的弧后盆地,是研究弧后扩张作用早期盆地演化、岩浆作用和壳幔过程的天然实验室。尽管迄今对冲绳海槽已经做了大量的调查研究工作,但仍存在一些颇有争议或亟待解决的科学问题,如:冲绳海槽酸性浮岩与基性玄武岩之间的成因联系,冲绳海槽不同区段构造背景对岩浆作用的控制,冲绳海槽岩浆源区地幔的特征,俯冲板块组分(流体+熔体)对地幔楔部分熔融的贡献等。本文在系统收集和整理(剔除了一些存疑数据)了迄今已有冲绳海槽火山岩主量元素、微量元素(包括稀土元素)与Sr-Nd-Pb同位素数据的基础上,通过对资料的系统分析,进一步确认了酸性浮岩与基性玄武岩的岩浆同源性;认为在冲绳海槽北段与中段主要分布有酸性浮岩和中性安山岩,应该是两段区域目前正处于裂谷阶段的反映,而南段广泛分布的基性玄武岩说明在构造性质上已接近成熟性弧后盆地;冲绳海槽的火山岩岩浆源区具有II型富集地幔(EMII型)Dupal异常特征,岩浆源于流行地幔(PREMA)和EMII型地幔端元混合的源区地幔,其中EMII约占比15%,PREMA贡献率在85%左右;源于俯冲的菲律宾海板块(俯冲洋壳或沉积物)的流/熔体的加入是导致冲绳海槽下伏地幔具有EMII型特征的原因,这一点不同于Dupal异常源于壳幔相互作用的观点。

火山岩  /  岩石地球化学特征  /  岩浆源区地幔  /  EMII型Dupal异常  /  冲绳海槽

The Okinawa Trough is an initial back arc basin developed on the continental crust due to the subduction of Philippine Sea plate under Eurasian plate. It is a natural laboratory to study the basin evolution, magmatism and crust-mantle interactions in the early stage of back arc expansion. Although a lot of investigations and research works have been done so far, there are still some controversial or urgent scientific problems, such as the genetic relationship between acid pumice and basic basalts in the trough, the control of tectonic background on magmatism in different sections of the trough, the characteristics of magma-derrived mantle, and the influence of subduction plate components (fluid + melt) on the mantle wedge, etc. On the basis of systematically collecting and sorting out (excluding some doubtful data) the major element, trace element (including rare earth elements) and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic data of volcanic rocks in the Okinawa Trough, the author further confirmed the magma homology of acid pumice and basic basalt through systematic analysis of the data, and believed that the distributions of acid pumice and neutral andesite in the north and middle sections of the trough should be the reflection of regional rift at present, while the basic basalts widely distributed in the south section indicate that they are close to mature back arc basin in structural property. The volcanic magma source area of Okinawa Trough has the characteristics of enriched mantle II (EMII)-type Dupal anomaly, and the magma comes from the source mixed by end-member of prevalent mantle (PREMA) and EMII type mantle end-member, of which the ratio of EMII is about 15% and PREMA about 85%. The addition of fluid/melt from subducted Philippine Sea plate (subducted ocean crust or sediment) is the reason for the EMII type characteristics of magma-derrived mantle beneath the Okinawa Trough, which is different from the viewpoint that the Dupal anomaly originates from the interaction between crust and mantle.

volcanic rocks  /  petrochemistry characteristics  /  magma-derrived mantle  /  Dupal anomaly of EMII type  /  Okinawa Trough
张宇蛟, 翟世奎. 冲绳海槽火山岩地球化学特征及岩浆源区地幔性质探讨. 海洋学报, 2021 , 43 (1) : 44 -54 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2021073
Yujiao Zhang, Shikui Zhai. Petrochemistry of volcanic rocks and characteristics of magma-derrived mantle in the Okinawa Trough[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2021 , 43 (1) : 44 -54 . DOI: 10.12284/hyxb2021073
冲绳海槽是因菲律宾海板块俯冲于欧亚板块之下,在陆壳上发育起来的一个初始的弧后盆地,是研究弧后扩张作用早期盆地演化、岩浆作用和壳幔过程的天然实验室。通常以奄美大岛以北的吐喀喇断裂带和冲绳岛与宫古岛之间的宫古断裂带为界将冲绳海槽分为北、中、南3段。海槽各段正分别经历着不同的构造演化阶段,地壳厚度从北段到南段逐渐减小,北段地壳性质总体为陆壳,厚度约为30 km;中段为过渡性地壳,厚度在22~16 km之间;南段地壳最薄,厚约13 km。已有研究证明冲绳海槽南段出现了典型的洋壳[1-3]。海槽北段主要出露有酸性火山岩,推测源自岛弧型的岩浆作用或是玄武质岩浆结晶分异的产物[4-5],中段以玄武岩与酸性浮岩的双峰式火山岩分布为主,南段已经出现基性拉斑玄武岩。总体上看,冲绳海槽拉张程度从北段向南段逐渐增强[6-8]。冲绳海槽不同区段拉张程度的差异可能主要源自俯冲板块的俯冲角度、俯冲速率和俯冲方向上的差异。琉球海沟以东的奄美−冲大东省等正地形的俯冲“阻碍”作用可能是导致冲绳海槽北段拉张程度较弱的重要因素之一,而冲绳海槽西南段的张裂应该是我国台湾岛东侧的弧−陆碰撞导致俯冲转向的结果。
对冲绳海槽火山岩的岩石学及地球化学特征已有众多研究,这些研究为冲绳海槽火山岩的岩石学特征、形成机理、岩浆来源及演化、岩浆房结构等提出了很多重要见解[9-17]。对冲绳海槽岩浆源区地幔特征也已做了重要探讨,例如马维林等[18]认为冲绳海槽中部岩浆源区地幔近过渡型,岩浆结晶分异程度较高,同化混染程度较弱;南部岩浆源区地幔近亏损或富集型,结晶分异程度较弱,同化混染较强。翟世奎和干晓群[19]提出海槽中部热液区玄武岩源于冲绳海槽内隆起的异常地幔。李巍然等[15]通过对冲绳海槽火山岩Rb-Sr同位素的研究认为海槽的火山岩主要是由地幔成因的玄武质岩浆经历不同程度的结晶分异作用和同化混染作用后在海底形成的。Shinjo[9]认为冲绳海槽中部的玄武岩岩浆是富集型大洋中脊玄武岩(E-MORB)型地幔和板块俯冲组分混合的结果。黄朋等[7]通过对冲绳海槽中段与北段的火山岩主、微量元素与Sr-Nd同位素的研究认为冲绳海槽岩浆源区地幔特征类似流行地幔(PREMA)或亏损地幔(DM)。Hoang和Uto[20]则认为冲绳海槽岩浆源区地幔具有II型富集地幔(EMII型)的特征,并且可能具有少量的I型富集地幔(EMI)组分。宗统等[21]通过对冲绳海槽中南部火山岩综合分析认为冲绳海槽及其所在的沟弧盆体系之下的地幔属于“印度洋型”地幔,而印度洋型地幔具有EMI和EMII混合的特征[22]。Yan和Shi[23]对海槽不同类型的火山岩进行了综合分析后提出海槽南部岩浆源区是受到EMII改造的印度洋型地幔,中部岩浆源区由印度洋型地幔、EMI和EMII共同组成,而北部岩浆源区则受PREMA地幔和EMII共同影响。
上述研究工作奠定了冲绳海槽火山岩的研究基础,但也揭示出一系列颇有争议或亟待解决的科学问题,如:冲绳海槽酸性浮岩与基性玄武岩之间的成因联系、冲绳海槽不同区段的构造背景对岩浆作用的控制、冲绳海槽岩浆源区地幔的特征、俯冲板块组分(流体+熔体)对地幔楔部分熔融的贡献等。作者在系统收集和整理(剔除存疑数据)了迄今已有冲绳海槽火山岩主量元素、微量元素(包括稀土元素)与Sr-Nd-Pb同位素数据的基础上,对上述问题做了进一步的分析探讨。
本文首先对所收集到的数据进行了可靠性评估,剔除了无效数据。无效数据的判断主要依据:(1)非冲绳海槽火山岩样品数据,例如秦蕴珊等[24]所报道的磨圆度很高、经长途搬运而来的火山岩样品数据;(2)经海底风化蚀变的岩石样品数据,如翟世奎[5]所描述的明显经历了海底蚀变作用的样品数据;(3)常量化学组分(13项)全分析总和误差大于1%(101.00%<总和<99.00%)的样品数据。本文成图所用数据主要源自文献[7-8, 11-12, 15, 19, 24-29]。
冲绳海槽位于西太平洋活动大陆边缘(图1),北起日本九州,南至我国台湾,长约1 200 km,宽100~150 km,是菲律宾海板块沿着琉球海沟向欧亚板块下俯冲所形成的弧后扩张盆地[6-7]。俯冲的菲律宾海板块部分在海槽中段轴部以下150~200 km处,在海槽南段轴部以下150 km处[21]。菲律宾海板块的俯冲速度在冲绳海槽南段约为7 cm/a, 在中部约为5 cm/a[30]。海槽南部水深大,最大可达2 300 m以上;中段水深约2 000 m,向北逐渐变浅至约1 000 m;北端水深由1 000 m向北变浅至约200 m[2]
冲绳海槽具有极高的热流值、强烈的火山活动和大量发育的正断层等弧后扩张特征[31],同时具有强重力异常与弱负地磁异常的特征,这些特征揭示了冲绳海槽存在基底凹陷、上地幔隆起等的地质构造现象[26]。岩石学、同位素年代学和构造地质学等方面的研究显示冲绳海槽的形成和演化可分为3个主要阶段:晚中新世的抬升剥蚀、上新世拉张裂陷和第四纪以来的海底扩张[32]。基于构造活动和地幔密度异常,李乃胜等[33]和周祖翼等[34]提出冲绳海槽已经到了成熟的大陆裂谷时期,并且可能已经开始了弧后扩张。梁瑞才等[35]和Gao等[36]相信洋壳已经沿着中央裂谷发育。而根据重力异常,冲绳海槽北西向的断层被认为是转换断层[37-38]
冲绳海槽的火山活动主要沿着中央裂谷分布,并且在冲绳海槽不同位置的火山岩有着各自不同的岩石地球化学特征。流纹质的酸性岩是冲绳海槽北段的主要火山岩类型,但是在冲绳海槽的中段和南段,岩石的分布模式为玄武岩与流纹岩的双峰式分布[26]。Hoang和Uto[20]认为冲绳海槽岩浆的地幔源区具有正常洋中脊玄武岩(N-MORB)岩浆特征。此外,陆壳成分与俯冲组分也起到了重要作用[4]
在全碱−硅火山岩分类命名图(图2a)上,冲绳海槽火山岩涵盖了玄武岩、玄武安山岩、安山岩、英安岩和流纹岩5种,显示出完整的从基性岩到酸性岩的火山岩系列。海槽北段火山岩样品较少,以中、酸性岩为主;中段岩石样品主要分布于海槽的中轴部,呈现明显的基性岩与酸性岩的双峰式分布(图1);海槽南段火山岩主要分布在中央地堑,岩石偏基性,以玄武岩为主。在图2a中,冲绳海槽所有火山岩样品均投点于碱性岩与亚碱性岩的分界线(Ir)之下,显示出亚碱性岩石系列特征。在AFM判别图(图2b)上,冲绳海槽火山岩既有拉斑玄武岩系列,又有钙碱性岩系列,其中大部分样品都分布在拉斑玄武岩(T)与钙碱性岩石(C)的分界线(CA)附近,酸性岩主要投在钙碱性岩区,玄武岩主要分布在拉斑玄武岩区。在SiO2-K2O图(图2c)上,绝大部分火山岩样品都分布在中钾系列岩石区,并且随着SiO2含量的增高钾的含量近似线性增加。以上特征一方面说明冲绳海槽的所有火山岩(酸、中、基性岩)都属于亚碱性系列,另一方面说明从以拉斑玄武系列岩石为主的玄武岩到具有钙碱性系列岩石特征的酸性岩应该是岩浆作用经历了结晶分异作用的体现(SiO2含量连续递增),期间并可能有地壳物质的混染(造成碱性组分增加),这种结晶分异作用应该主要发生在相当长一段时间内保持稳定的岩浆房环境中[16]
在SiO2与其他主要氧化物的关系图(图3)上,SiO2与MgO、FeO*、CaO、Al2O3成明显负相关,而与K2O(图2c)和Na2O成正相关,这表明在岩浆的演化过程中出现了橄榄石、辉石、磁铁矿和斜长石等富Fe、Mg和Ca矿物的结晶分异(离)作用。类似的关系也存在于各常量组分氧化物与分异指数(Di)之间,同样说明Di<10的基性玄武岩和Di>80的酸性浮岩之间继承关系,基性玄武岩是岩浆开始结晶尚未发生明显分异作用的产物,而酸性浮岩是岩浆经充分结晶分异演化后的产物。
冲绳海槽火山岩的微量(包括稀土)元素分布如图4所示。总体看,海槽北、中、南段火山岩的微量元素分布模式相似,均呈强不相容元素相对富集的右倾式,玄武岩与浮岩的分配模式略有不同。与玄武岩相比,酸性浮岩具有明显的Nb、Ta、Sr和Eu负异常。两种岩石都富含大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、Th、U、Pb等)和亏损高场强元素(如Nb和Ta等),但强不相容元素在浮岩中更为富集。冲绳海槽北、中、南段火山岩的球粒陨石标准化稀土元素(REE)分布模式大体相似,均为富集轻稀土(LREE)的右倾型。基性玄武岩的(La/Yb)N值在冲绳海槽北部、中部、南部分别为1.75~1.9、1.53~3.02、1.11~3.07。酸性浮岩的(La/Yb)N值在冲绳海槽北部、中部、南部分别为3.2~8.14、3.12~7.14、3.70~12.61。相对于基性玄武岩,酸性浮岩中稀土元素总量(∑REE)和LREE富集程度更高,Eu负异常更加明显。以上特征再次表明冲绳海槽的基性玄武岩和酸性浮岩具有岩浆同源性,岩浆经历了明显的结晶分异作用,而且浮岩岩浆的结晶演化程度要相对高得多。
岩石的 Dupal异常也被称为南半球异常和特提斯同位素异常,即在具有相同206Pb/204Pb的前提下,Dupal异常具有更高的208Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb、87Sr/86Sr比值和较低的143Nd/144Nd比值。Hart[40]提出了北半球标准线(NHRL:根据北半球洋中脊正常型玄武岩的Pb同位素组成所建立的北半球208Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb与206Pb/204Pb之间的回归线方程,反映了北半球上地幔的Pb同位素特征演化趋势)的概念,用以表述N-MORB的放射性同位素特征,用样品偏离北半球标准线(NHRL)的程度(Δ7/4>3、Δ8/4>10、ΔSr>40)来作为Dupal异常的判别指标。之后,Hart[41]又将Dupal异常判别指标修改为Δ8/4>60、ΔSr>50,指标计算公式如下:
$\Delta 7/4 = \left[ {{{\left( {^{207}{\rm{Pb}}{/^{204}}{\rm{Pb}}} \right)}_{{\rm{DS}}}} - {{\left( {^{207}{\rm{Pb}}{/^{204}}{\rm{Pb}}} \right)}_{{\rm{NHRL}}}}} \right] \times 100,$
$\Delta 8/4 = \left[ {{{\left( {^{208}{\rm{Pb}}{/^{204}}{\rm{Pb}}} \right)}_{{\rm{DS}}}} - {{\left( {^{208}{\rm{Pb}}{/^{204}}{\rm{Pb}}} \right)}_{{\rm{NHRL}}}}} \right]{\rm{ }} \times 100,$
$\Delta {\rm{Sr}} = {\rm{ }}\left[ {{{\left( {^{87}{\rm{Sr}}{/^{86}}{\rm{Sr}}} \right)}_{{\rm{DS}}}} - 0.7} \right]{\rm{ }} \times {10^4}.$
图5所示,冲绳海槽玄武岩的Pb同位素组成均投点在NHRL之上(图5a图5b),显示出放射性成因Pb同位素富集的特征,其分布区间明显具有PREMA与EMII混合的趋势。在不考虑其他因素的理想情况下,冲绳海槽岩浆源区地幔应为PREMA型地幔,上述Pb同位素组成特征表明冲绳海槽岩浆源区地幔由于受到某种物质混入的影响,而具有一定的EMII型地幔端元特征。海槽中段和南段玄武岩样品的Δ7/4值较高,均在5以上,最高值为18.45;而北段样品Δ7/4值变化范围相对较大,在−2~16之间。仅就Δ7/4值判据而言,海槽南段和中段玄武岩绝大多数样品都具有Dupal异常。冲绳海槽所有玄武岩样品的Δ8/4值都在28~95之间,ΔSr值在35~88之间,亦说明大部分样品都不同程度地具有Dupal异常(Δ8/4>60,ΔSr>50)。在143Nd/144Nd−87Sr/86Sr和87Sr/86Sr−206Pb/204Pb判别图(图5c图5d)上,冲绳海槽玄武岩样品均投在PREMA与EMII地幔端元的混合区域,显示出明显的两端元地幔的混合性质。海槽北段玄武岩中的ΔSr值集中在35~62之间,变化范围最小;中段玄武岩中ΔSr值在38~88之间,变化区间最大;南段玄武岩中ΔSr值在36~71之间,变化范围居中。据以上Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成特征判断,冲绳海槽岩浆源区地幔具有不同程度的EMII型Dupal异常的特征,玄武质岩浆应该源于PREMA和EMII两个地幔端元的混合物。
根据王舒畋和梁寿生[42]的研究,冲绳海槽的发展演化主要经历了3个阶段的扩张运动,Sibuet等[1],梁瑞才等[3]和Pearce等[43]则认为在冲绳海槽局部已有洋壳形成。在中新世末(距今5.3 Ma), 冲绳海槽大致沿NNE−NE方向发生张裂, 使琉球岛弧与东海陆架边缘裂离,形成狭长的半地堑型断陷盆地, 拉张方向为NW−SE向, 拉张作用仅限于26°N以北的海槽区;自上新世以来, 伴随北吕宋岛弧在台湾东部发生的弧陆碰撞作用, 西菲律宾海板块的西缘在台湾以东发生旋转并向北俯冲于欧亚板块之下, 使冲绳海槽的拉张方向由先前的NW−SE向逐渐转成近南北向,形成了一系列的NEE至近E−W向的断裂构造;在晚更新世–全新世时, 冲绳海槽进入了第二次近N−S向拉张阶段,拉张作用从海槽南段开始, 向北延伸至中段;随着冲绳海槽轴部地壳的进一步减薄和张裂, 在海槽轴部形成了数段 NEE 向中央裂谷带, 呈雁行排列。 在南段和中段可能已发生海底扩张作用, 并在局部生成了新洋壳(出现具有洋壳性质的拉斑玄武岩)。
冲绳海槽的火山岩主要是基性玄武岩与酸性浮岩。陈丽蓉等[25]与黄朋等[7]分别通过对冲绳海槽火山岩的Rb-Sr-O与Sr-Nd同位素组成特征的研究,认为海槽区火山岩的原始岩浆物质来源于地幔。Th、Ta和Hf是一组高场强元素,地球化学性质相近且在岩浆的结晶演化过程中均表现出不相容性。因此,这些元素之间的比值关系可以用来指示地球深部岩浆源区的性质和岩浆作用的过程。如图6所示,冲绳海槽北段和中段火山岩样品在Ta/Hf−Th/Hf构造环境判别图上均投在IV3、IV2和V区,即表现出大陆拉张带(或初始裂谷)玄武岩与陆内裂谷碱性玄武岩的性质,两个区段的玄武岩之间没有明显的区别。相比之下,海槽南段的玄武岩样品则全部落于IV3区,表现出初始裂谷构造环境,缺乏陆内裂谷碱性玄武岩的特征。因此,就构造环境而言,海槽北段与中段相似,目前仍处于大陆裂谷或陆壳张裂阶段,而海槽南段已经初步脱离了陆壳影响,开始转变为相对较为成熟的弧后盆地,这应该是冲绳海槽自晚更新世开始进入了第二次近N−S向拉张作用的岩石学体现。
前已述及,冲绳海槽的基性岩石是岩浆开始结晶尚未发生明显分异作用的产物,而酸性岩石则是岩浆经充分结晶分异演化后的产物。在俯冲带环境中,可以进入弧后地幔楔中的俯冲组分主要是呈熔体/溶体态的易熔/溶成分,其中富含俯冲迁移元素(如Rb、Ba、Sr、K、Th、U、LREE、Pb等),而相对亏损俯冲非迁移(或保守)元素(如Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等)。因此,通常选用保守元素含量(或比值)之间的关系来探讨岩浆源区地幔的性质[44-45]。为了进一步探究冲绳海槽不同种类火山岩之间的亲缘关系,可以借用Nb/Yb−Nb相关图加以判断。由于Nb的不相容性比Yb高得多,地幔不同程度熔融产生的熔体在Nb/Yb−Nb判别图上将形成一条直线。如图7所示,冲绳海槽北、中、南段所有的火山岩样品在Nb/Yb−Nb判别图上形成了一条拟合度较好的直线,这说明虽然冲绳海槽火山岩样品分布的区域不同、种类不同,但其形成的岩浆具有相同或相似的源区,亦即是说冲绳海槽北、中、南段的下伏地幔性质较均一,所分布岩石种类上的差异应该是岩浆所经历演化过程上的差异所致。已有研究[11, 27]表明,酸性浮岩中斑晶矿物的87Sr/86Sr比值约为0.704 5,而玄武岩样品的87Sr/86Sr比值也在0.704 2左右,进一步证明了二者的同源性。另外,海槽南部火山岩中Nb含量及Nb/Yb比值变化范围都相对海槽中部和南部火山岩大得多,说明冲绳海槽南部在地幔物质熔融产生岩浆及此后的岩浆演化过程都可能更为复杂。
图4所示,冲绳海槽所有火山岩的微量元素蛛网图和REE分布模式都表现出相似的特征,说明冲绳海槽基性的玄武岩和酸性浮岩具有岩浆同源性,而且二者之间存在有结晶演化递进关系,也就是说酸性浮岩岩浆应该是基性玄武质岩浆结晶分异作用的产物。无论是在基性玄武岩中,还是在酸性浮岩中都含有丰富的斜长石斑晶,并且在SiO2含量高达70%左右的浮岩中有岩浆喷发过程中裹挟上来的基性斜长石(最大An值为89%),这些事实都毫无疑问地证明在岩浆的演化过程中发生了斜长石的结晶分异作用。微量元素Sr和稀土元素Eu的明显亏损亦说明在斜长石的分离结晶过程中,Sr和Eu置换斜长石中的Ca进入斜长石晶格中而部分地被带出岩浆。
地壳物质混染通常会导致岩石富集大离子亲石元素与轻稀土元素,并伴随着Nb、Ta负异常与Zr、Hf正异常[45]。地壳有着较高的Th/Ce比值(约0.15)与Th/La比值(约0.30),而源于地幔的原始岩浆的Th/Ce和Th/La比值仅分别为0.02~0.05和0.12[46]。因此,地壳物质混染通常会导致火山岩的Th/Ce与Th/La比值升高。冲绳海槽酸性浮岩中具有明显的Zr和Hf正异常(图4),其Th/Ce与Th/La比值(Th/Ce=0.08~0.30、Th/La=0.16~0.55)源于地幔的原始岩浆的比值,这表明在岩浆上升喷出海底形成浮岩的过程中曾遭受了地壳物质的混染。基性玄武岩样品的Th/Ce比值(0.037~0.063)和Th/La比值(0.09~0.14)都普遍较低,接近源于地幔的原始岩浆的比值,表明其岩浆没有或很少经历地壳物质混入作用。
冲绳海槽火山岩中的Pb和Sr同位素组成特征表明岩浆具有PREMA地幔端元与EMII型地幔端元混合的特征。EMII型地幔端元具有较高的放射性成因Sr和Pb同位素成分,其特征与陆源沉积物相似,通常被认为是俯冲和再循环的大陆物质与地幔发生混合作用的产物。冲绳海槽是由菲律宾海板块向欧亚板块下俯冲所形成的年轻的弧后盆地,西菲律宾海板块的俯冲导致蚀变洋壳与大量沉积物被带入仰冲的欧亚板块之下。俯冲板块(物质)在一定的深度因温度的升高而发生脱水去气(挥发性组分)作用产生流体,甚至部分物质熔融而产生熔体,这些熔体/流体同地幔物质发生混合反应,一是降低地幔物质的熔点,产生更多的岩浆,二是改变了地幔、特别是熔体的化学成分。因此,冲绳海槽的地下地幔具有生成EMII型地幔端元的构造环境条件。
大离子亲石元素(如Cs、Rb、Ba、K、Sr、Pb等)主要在流体相中迁移,而高场强元素(如Th、U、Ce、Zr、Hf、Ti、Nb、Ta等)因其不易进入结晶相而主要在熔体相中迁移,其地球化学特征(如含量与元素间比值等)不会因结晶分异作用而发生明显的改变。另外,这些元素通常在沉积物中含量较高[46-47],沉积物组分(熔体或流体)的混入将明显改变岩浆的地球化学性质。因此,如果俯冲带源自地幔的岩浆岩中具有较高的Th/Nb比值,则说明岩浆可能受到了源自俯冲板块的熔体或沉积物的影响[46]。如果岩浆同时受到源自俯冲板块流体的混入,则岩浆岩通常具有较高的Ba/Th比值[47]。类似的指标还有高的Ba/La比值指示岩浆可能受到流体的改造,而较高Th/Yb比值则反映岩浆可能受到俯冲板块熔体或沉积物混入的影响。冲绳海槽火山岩中的Th/Nb比值高(最大值1.96)而且变化范围大(0.61~1.96),但Ba/Th比值较低(图8a),这些特征表明冲绳海槽岩浆源区受到了源自俯冲板块沉积物组分不同程度混入的影响(图8a)。同样,由图8b可以看出,海槽火山岩中具有较高的Th/Yb比值(0.43~1.18)与较低的Ba/La比值(13.1~38.6),进一步证明俯冲沉积物混入岩浆熔体的过程。通常情况下,古老地壳和沉积物中含有更高比例的放射性成因核素,这些物质混入岩浆熔体会导致岩浆岩中具有明显的Dupal异常或EMII型地幔端元的特征。Guo等[48]根据冲绳海槽火山岩的Sr-Nd-Pb-Li同位素特征,论证了俯冲物质及地壳物质对岩浆作用的影响,认为冲绳海槽之下地幔已经受到了俯冲组分的影响,原始岩浆中混入了俯冲的蚀变洋壳和沉积物组分,其比例是96∶4(%)。
综上所述,俯冲组分(蚀变洋壳和沉积物组分)进入冲绳海槽地下地幔楔并混入岩浆中是导致冲绳海槽火山岩具有Dupal异常或EMII型地幔端元特征的主要原因。
根据对冲绳海槽玄武岩的Sr、Nd同位素组成所做的二元混合模拟计算(图9)表明,冲绳海槽的玄武岩岩浆主要源于PREMA型地幔端元,占比在60%~92%之间,平均值在85%左右,EMII型地幔端元贡献率在15%左右。
(1)在冲绳海槽广泛分布的酸性浮岩与基性玄武岩岩浆具有同源性,前者是后者进一步结晶分异作用的产物,酸性浮岩岩浆在喷出海底之前经历了不同程度的地壳物质混染。
(2)在冲绳海槽北段与中段主要分布有酸性浮岩和中性安山岩,应该是两区域目前正处于裂谷阶段的反映,而南段广泛分布的基性玄武岩说明在构造性质上已接近成熟性弧后盆地。
(3)总体上看,冲绳海槽火山岩岩浆源区具有EMII型Dupal异常特征,岩浆源于PREMA和EMII型地幔端元混合的源区地幔,其中EMII约占比15%,PREMA贡献率在85%左右。
(4)源于俯冲的菲律宾海板块(俯冲的蚀变洋壳或沉积物)的流/熔体的加入是导致冲绳海槽下伏地幔具有EMII型特征的原因,这一点不同于Dupal异常源于壳幔相互作用的观点。
  • 国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2013CB429702)。
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doi: 10.12284/hyxb2021073
  • 接收时间:2019-11-18
  • 首发时间:2026-02-26
  • 出版时间:2021-01-25
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  • 收稿日期:2019-11-18
  • 修回日期:2020-03-22
基金
国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2013CB429702)。
作者信息
    1海底科学与探测技术教育部重点实验室,山东 青岛 266100
    2中国海洋大学 海洋地球科学学院,山东 青岛 266100

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翟世奎,教授,主要从事海洋地质学研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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