Article(id=1325146239687340126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, issueId=1325146207672214104, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11858/gywlxb.20261046, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1772726400000, receivedDateStr=2026-03-06, revisedDate=1776614400000, revisedDateStr=2026-04-20, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793869083567, onlineDateStr=2026-11-05, pubDate=1783180800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-05, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793869083567, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793869083567, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793869083567, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325146207672214104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, year='2026', volume='40', issue='7', pageStart='070101-1', pageEnd='070114-14', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1783180800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-05', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793869075935, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793870526447, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1325152292009279913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, issueId=1325146207672214104, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1325152292009279914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, issueId=1325146207672214104, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=070105-1, endPage=070105-15, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325146239909638239, articleId=1325146239687340126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, language=EN, title=Inverse Design and Boundary Effects in Impact Waveform Control of Graded Foam Metals, columnId=1325146208670458457, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, columnName=Mechanical Behavior of Lightweight Composite Protective Materials and Structures, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
To achieve the precise generation of high-amplitude impact waveforms required for aviation safety testing and related fields, this study investigates the impact waveform regulation mechanisms of graded cellular metals under different boundary conditions. Based on the conservation laws of mass and momentum, theoretical models for impact waveform generation using graded cellular metals are established for both free and elastic boundary conditions. Furthermore, an inverse design method for density gradient is proposed, which incorporates an average relative density constraint combined with Gauss-Newton iteration, enabling the reverse solution from a prescribed acceleration waveform to the material density gradient distribution. Finite element results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively generate required waveforms—such as triangular and half-sine waves—under both boundary conditions. The study also reveals that: free boundaries are more suitable for generating high amplitude and long duration waveforms, whereas elastic boundaries can improve the realizability of low-amplitude waveforms through stiffness regulation; boundary conditions do not alter the impact duration but exert a significant influence on waveform shape; and excessive impedance mismatch between adjacent layers will intensify waveform oscillations, thereby compromising the waveform generation accuracy. The proposed inverse design strategy for density gradients exhibits favorable versatility and provides both theoretical support and a practical design tool for the development of high-amplitude impact testing technologies.
, authors=Jiangnan YIN1
, 2
, 3, Qiang YANG4, Jinling GAO1
, 2
, 3, Xiaochuan LIU4, Jiagui LIU1
, 2
, 3, Tianjian LU1
, 2
, 3, authorsList=Jiangnan YIN, Qiang YANG, Jinling GAO, Xiaochuan LIU, Jiagui LIU, Tianjian LU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jiagui LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325146248034005116, articleId=1325146239687340126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, language=CN, title=梯度泡沫金属冲击波形调控的逆向设计与边界效应研究, columnId=1325146208871785051, journalTitle=高压物理学报, columnName=轻质复合防护材料与结构的力学行为, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
为实现航空安全测试等领域对高冲击量值波形的精准生成,研究了梯度泡沫金属在不同边界条件下的冲击波形调控机制。基于质量与动量守恒定律,分别建立了自由边界与弹性边界下梯度泡沫金属冲击波形发生理论模型;进一步提出了一种基于平均相对密度约束与高斯-牛顿迭代的密度梯度反向设计方法,实现了从目标加速度波形到材料密度梯度分布的逆向求解。有限元结果表明,该方法在不同边界下均能有效生成目标波形,如三角波和半正弦波。研究还发现:自由边界更适合生成高幅值、宽脉宽波形,而弹性边界则可通过刚度调节改善低幅值波形的可实现性;边界条件虽不改变冲击持续时间,但会对波形形状产生显著影响。此外,若相邻层间的阻抗差异过大,将导致波形波动加剧,从而影响波形生成精度。所提出的密度梯度反向设计策略具有良好的通用性,为高冲击测试技术的自主发展提供了理论支撑与实用化设计工具。
, authors=殷江南1
, 2
, 3, 杨强4, 高金翎1
, 2
, 3, 刘小川4, 刘家贵1
, 2
, 3, 卢天健1
, 2
, 3, authorsList=殷江南, 杨强, 高金翎, 刘小川, 刘家贵, 卢天健, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘家贵, authorNote=
, correspAuthorsNote=
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《高压物理学报》编辑部 2026, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=jkq1CB1LbnCorb7v1dgHYA==, magXml=R+xlD1CpZz1habO8+hURSA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=BXfCjSybzR7WYA7npbNj6g==, pdfFileSize=3501846, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=cfr4Sz2/IV2FBiSiScsk2A==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=LvfiSaCSvM8evrEEH1snnw==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1325146248705093770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325146239687340126, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=jn_yin@nuaa.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1325146248818339982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325146239687340126, authorId=1325146248705093770, language=EN, stringName=Jiangnan YIN, firstName=Jiangnan, middleName=null, lastName=YIN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1
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1College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, Jiangsu, China
2MIIT Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Lightweight Materials and Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, Jiangsu, China
3National Key Laboratory of Aerospace Structural Mechanics and Control, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, Jiangsu, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1325146248885448847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325146239687340126, authorId=1325146248705093770, language=CN, stringName=殷江南, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1
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1南京航空航天大学航空学院, 江苏 南京 210016
2南京航空航天大学多功能轻量化材料与结构工信部重点实验室, 江苏 南京 210016
3南京航空航天大学航空航天结构力学及控制全国重点实验室, 江苏 南京 210016, bio={"content":"
殷江南(2000-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事冲击动力学研究. E-mail:jn_yin@nuaa.edu.cn
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殷江南(2000-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事冲击动力学研究. E-mail:jn_yin@nuaa.edu.cn
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4National Key Laboratory of Strength and Structural Integrity, China Institute of Aircraft Strength, Xi’an 710065, Shaanxi, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1325146249124524180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325146239687340126, authorId=1325146248965140625, language=CN, stringName=杨强, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=4, address=
4中国飞机强度研究所强度与结构完整性全国重点实验室, 陕西 西安 710065, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1325146248617013382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325146239687340126, xref=4, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325146248625401991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325146239687340126, companyId=1325146248617013382, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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4中国飞机强度研究所强度与结构完整性全国重点实验室, 陕西 西安 710065)])]), Author(id=1325146249208410262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325146239687340126, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1325146249325850778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325146239687340126, authorId=1325146249208410262, language=EN, stringName=Jinling GAO, firstName=Jinling, middleName=null, lastName=GAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1
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1College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, Jiangsu, China
2MIIT Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Lightweight Materials and Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, Jiangsu, China
3National Key Laboratory of Aerospace Structural Mechanics and Control, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, Jiangsu, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1325146249405542555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325146239687340126, authorId=1325146249208410262, language=CN, stringName=高金翎, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1
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1南京航空航天大学航空学院, 江苏 南京 210016
2南京航空航天大学多功能轻量化材料与结构工信部重点实验室, 江苏 南京 210016
3南京航空航天大学航空航天结构力学及控制全国重点实验室, 江苏 南京 210016, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1325146248264691837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325146239687340126, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325146248306634878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325146239687340126, companyId=1325146248264691837, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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1College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, Jiangsu, China
2MIIT Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Lightweight Materials and Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, Jiangsu, China
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Dynamic and static compression tests and FEA analyses of aluminum foam specimen with variable density in the loading direction [J]. Journal of Tsinghua University (Science and Technology), 2017, 57(7): 753–762., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1325146248264691837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325146239687340126, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325146248306634878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325146239687340126, companyId=1325146248264691837, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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Schematic diagram of basic shock wave propagation mechanisms, figureFileSmall=dypCh2FmglNPz57dDp+lBg==, figureFileBig=cfr4Sz2/IV2FBiSiScsk2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325146252509327544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325146239687340126, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
冲击波基本传播机制示意图, figureFileSmall=dypCh2FmglNPz57dDp+lBg==, figureFileBig=cfr4Sz2/IV2FBiSiScsk2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325146252693876921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325146239687340126, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=
Schematic diagram of a gradient metallic foam cylinder impacting a mass, figureFileSmall=xi62dfDg4McKx6TCOCiTrg==, figureFileBig=lW5irleQHUZq5Y8yR2y0lw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325146252790345914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325146239687340126, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
梯度泡沫金属冲击刚性块示意图, figureFileSmall=xi62dfDg4McKx6TCOCiTrg==, figureFileBig=lW5irleQHUZq5Y8yR2y0lw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325146252874231995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325146239687340126, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=
Distribution of relative density with Lagrangian coordinates for different values of $ {\overline{\rho }}_{\text{f}} $, figureFileSmall=YO63thQor8+o1qQpr7mIAQ==, figureFileBig=T2g0MVq9WdEb7MJ4PzVDUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325146252932952252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325146239687340126, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
不同$ {\overline{\rho }}_{\text{f}} $下相对密度随拉格朗日坐标的分布, figureFileSmall=YO63thQor8+o1qQpr7mIAQ==, figureFileBig=T2g0MVq9WdEb7MJ4PzVDUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325146253000061117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325146239687340126, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=
Residual relative density as a function of residual length for different values of $ {\overline{\rho }}_{\text{f}} $, figureFileSmall=R5mZFP30LDbTBck1Ix7GLQ==, figureFileBig=iJpuhLbJkuw8/hUHxt8Zcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325146253079752894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325146239687340126, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
不同$ {\overline{\rho }}_{\text{f}} $下剩余相对密度随剩余长度的变化, figureFileSmall=R5mZFP30LDbTBck1Ix7GLQ==, figureFileBig=iJpuhLbJkuw8/hUHxt8Zcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325146253134278847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325146239687340126, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=
Relative velocity as a function of time for different values of $ {\overline{\rho }}_{\text{f}} $, figureFileSmall=AvqXOwf9A5gzQFzl5TZmIA==, figureFileBig=aFkq2bsV6pje1pH2iLGuFQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325146253209776320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325146239687340126, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
不同$ {\overline{\rho }}_{\text{f}} $下相对速度随时间变化曲线, figureFileSmall=AvqXOwf9A5gzQFzl5TZmIA==, figureFileBig=aFkq2bsV6pje1pH2iLGuFQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325146253272690881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325146239687340126, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=
Schematic diagram of design optimization of gradient foam rod (Z0 is the position of shock wave front), figureFileSmall=22n8nrG7n/JioSyoIC1hOw==, figureFileBig=0j1eBiZ06fKNE3/K0+t/yw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325146253339799746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325146239687340126, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
梯度泡沫杆设计优化示意图(Z0为冲击波波头位置), figureFileSmall=22n8nrG7n/JioSyoIC1hOw==, figureFileBig=0j1eBiZ06fKNE3/K0+t/yw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325146253398520003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325146239687340126, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=
Flowchart of iterative design for graded porous rod, figureFileSmall=GoPTeVcA2+IDh9YMaJk/Ww==, figureFileBig=Lxf805gb8D+vSODRa1AFoQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325146253461434564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325146239687340126, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
梯度多孔杆迭代设计流程, figureFileSmall=GoPTeVcA2+IDh9YMaJk/Ww==, figureFileBig=Lxf805gb8D+vSODRa1AFoQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325146253549514949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325146239687340126, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=
Relative density distribution after iteration under different boundary conditions: simulated sinusoidal (a) and triangular (b) acceleration waveforms under free boundary conditions; simulated sinusoidal (c) and triangular (d) acceleration waveforms under elastic boundary conditions, figureFileSmall=URKp1/szFN1vv+ueAR/Zhw==, figureFileBig=pzTYP+Fk+o8C1/eeRxiQow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325146253616623814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325146239687340126, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
不同边界下迭代后的相对密度分布:自由边界下模拟正弦加速度 (a) 和三角加速度 (b),弹性边界下模拟正弦加速度 (c) 和三角加速度 (d), figureFileSmall=URKp1/szFN1vv+ueAR/Zhw==, figureFileBig=pzTYP+Fk+o8C1/eeRxiQow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325146253679538375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325146239687340126, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=
Finite element model verification, figureFileSmall=YRePH3cDvY6deJHmCRwv3A==, figureFileBig=1j01fP5GJmdJeCEr/d4Inw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325146253750841544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325146239687340126, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
仿真模型验证, figureFileSmall=YRePH3cDvY6deJHmCRwv3A==, figureFileBig=1j01fP5GJmdJeCEr/d4Inw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325146253826339017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325146239687340126, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=
Longitudinal logarithmic strain in the graded porous rod at different time instances during simulated sinusoidal acceleration under free boundary conditions, figureFileSmall=8Cy/EcCu7jQOZW5537yDfQ==, figureFileBig=jdx/u2Dw22ontHtyENcAVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325146253885059274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325146239687340126, language=CN, label=图10, caption=
自由边界下模拟正弦加速度时不同时刻梯度多孔杆中的沿轴向对数应变, figureFileSmall=8Cy/EcCu7jQOZW5537yDfQ==, figureFileBig=jdx/u2Dw22ontHtyENcAVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325146253981528267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325146239687340126, language=EN, label=Fig. 11, caption=
Comparison of simulated, theoretical, and design values for the simulated triangular acceleration under different boundary conditions, figureFileSmall=I9fG8R3NEjPrEGXYyrgNmg==, figureFileBig=bGRMdwCt59blxd6laGSjUg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325146254069608652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325146239687340126, language=CN, label=图11, caption=
不同边界下模拟三角加速度的仿真值、理论值与设计值比较, figureFileSmall=I9fG8R3NEjPrEGXYyrgNmg==, figureFileBig=bGRMdwCt59blxd6laGSjUg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325146254145106125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325146239687340126, language=EN, label=Fig. 12, caption=
Comparison of simulated, theoretical, and design values for the simulated sinusoidal acceleration under different boundary conditions, figureFileSmall=4vjY8L4e1Ia4lQSsjpIJIQ==, figureFileBig=dXvz9tP7q7eLf2o9scOMhQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325146254208020686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325146239687340126, language=CN, label=图12, caption=
不同边界下模拟正弦加速度的仿真值、理论值与设计值比较, figureFileSmall=4vjY8L4e1Ia4lQSsjpIJIQ==, figureFileBig=dXvz9tP7q7eLf2o9scOMhQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325146254262546639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325146239687340126, language=EN, label=Fig. 13, caption=
Effects of the number of layers (The target half-sine wave and waveform tolerance are indicated by the black and gray dashed lines, respectively.), figureFileSmall=69chdOH00zT0kC88BvVzVg==, figureFileBig=D3h8BxtGidQb4PNfRL5ziw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325146254321266896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325146239687340126, language=CN, label=图13, caption=
不同分层数的影响(黑色虚线为设计半正弦波,灰色虚线表示波形允差), figureFileSmall=69chdOH00zT0kC88BvVzVg==, figureFileBig=D3h8BxtGidQb4PNfRL5ziw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325146254396764369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325146239687340126, language=EN, label=Fig. 14, caption=
Simulated sinusoidal acceleration under free and elastic boundary conditions, figureFileSmall=wLAVV6ozPn58BznzsDf6LA==, figureFileBig=n6rQ3y6ytkMs8Vj9A5fzDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325146254480650450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325146239687340126, language=CN, label=图14, caption=
自由边界与弹性边界下模拟的正弦加速度, figureFileSmall=wLAVV6ozPn58BznzsDf6LA==, figureFileBig=n6rQ3y6ytkMs8Vj9A5fzDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325146254564536531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325146239687340126, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Relevant parameters of aluminum foam, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| A0/mm2 | $ {\rho }_{\text{s}} $/(kg·m−3) | $ {\sigma }_{\text{s}} $/MPa | $ {E}_{\text{s}} $/GPa | $ {k}_{1} $ | $ {n}_{1} $ | $ {k}_{2} $ | $ {n}_{2} $ |
|---|
| 7854 | 2700 | 165 | 69 | 0.58[26] | 1.69[26] | 0.47[26] | 1.94[26] |
), ArticleFig(id=1325146254640034005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325146239687340126, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
泡沫铝的相关参数
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| A0/mm2 | $ {\rho }_{\text{s}} $/(kg·m−3) | $ {\sigma }_{\text{s}} $/MPa | $ {E}_{\text{s}} $/GPa | $ {k}_{1} $ | $ {n}_{1} $ | $ {k}_{2} $ | $ {n}_{2} $ |
|---|
| 7854 | 2700 | 165 | 69 | 0.58[26] | 1.69[26] | 0.47[26] | 1.94[26] |
), ArticleFig(id=1325146256305172694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325146239687340126, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Design requirements under two types of boundaries, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Boundary | Acceleration |
|---|
| Free boundary | $ {a}_{\mathrm{M}}=3\,400g\sin \left[2\text{π} (t+0.53)/4.243\right],\;\;\;\;t\in [0,1.09\;\mathrm{ms}] $ |
| Elastic boundary | $ {a}_{\mathrm{M}}=-3\,400g(t-1),\;\;\;\;t\in [0,1.00\;\mathrm{ms}] $ |
), ArticleFig(id=1325146256485527767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325146239687340126, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
2种边界下的设计需求
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Boundary | Acceleration |
|---|
| Free boundary | $ {a}_{\mathrm{M}}=3\,400g\sin \left[2\text{π} (t+0.53)/4.243\right],\;\;\;\;t\in [0,1.09\;\mathrm{ms}] $ |
| Elastic boundary | $ {a}_{\mathrm{M}}=-3\,400g(t-1),\;\;\;\;t\in [0,1.00\;\mathrm{ms}] $ |
), ArticleFig(id=1325146256586191064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325146239687340126, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Input parameters for inverse density gradient design, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| A0/mm2 | M/kg | $ \Delta t $/ms | $ {L}_{0} $/m | $ {\overline{\rho }}_{\text{f}} $ | $ {v}^{1} $($ {\overline{\rho }}_{1} $)/(m·s−1) | | $ {k}_{\text{s}} $/(N·m−1) |
|---|
| Triangularacceleration | Sinusoidalacceleration | | Triangularacceleration | Sinusoidalacceleration |
|---|
| 1963 | 1 | 0.002 | 1 | 0.1 | 230(0.089) | 170(0.095) | | 2×106 | 106 |
), ArticleFig(id=1325146256846237913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325146239687340126, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
密度梯度反向设计输入参数
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| A0/mm2 | M/kg | $ \Delta t $/ms | $ {L}_{0} $/m | $ {\overline{\rho }}_{\text{f}} $ | $ {v}^{1} $($ {\overline{\rho }}_{1} $)/(m·s−1) | | $ {k}_{\text{s}} $/(N·m−1) |
|---|
| Triangularacceleration | Sinusoidalacceleration | | Triangularacceleration | Sinusoidalacceleration |
|---|
| 1963 | 1 | 0.002 | 1 | 0.1 | 230(0.089) | 170(0.095) | | 2×106 | 106 |
), ArticleFig(id=1325146257232113882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325146239687340126, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=
Equivalent model for inverse density gradient design of aluminum foam, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Acceleration | Boundary | $ \overline{\rho }(X) $ | Z0/m | mr/kg | $ {k}_{\text{s}} $/(kN·mm−1) |
|---|
| $ {a}_{\text{M}}=3\,400g \sin \dfrac{2\text{π} \left(t+0.53\right)}{4.243}$ $ t\in \left[0,1.09\,\mathrm{ms}\right] $ | Free boundary | $ \overline{\rho }(X)=0.261\,2{\mathrm{e}}^{-4.261X}+0.057\,53{\mathrm{e}}^{-100.5X} $ | 0.2146 | 0.0380 | |
| Elastic boundary | $ \overline{\rho }(X)=0.123\,3{\mathrm{e}}^{-72.13X}+0.323\,5{\mathrm{e}}^{-5.162X} $ | 0.2247 | 0.0557 | 1.18 |
| $ {a}_{\text{M}}=3\,400g\left(t-1\right) $ $ t\in \left[0,1.00\,\mathrm{ms}\right] $ | Free boundary | $ \begin{aligned}\overline{\rho }(X)=\;&2.466{X}^{3}-1.621{X}^{2}+0.461\,1X+\\&0.039\,95\;\;(\text{After optimization})\end{aligned} $ | 0.2046 | 0.0014 | |
| Elastic boundary | $ \begin{aligned}\overline{\rho }(X)=\;&{\left(5.374+61.87X-149.4{X}^{2}\right)}^{-1}\\& (\text{After optimization})\end{aligned} $ | 0.2446 | 0.0170 | 3.92 |
), ArticleFig(id=1325146257668321499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325146239687340126, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
泡沫铝密度梯度反向设计等效模型
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Acceleration | Boundary | $ \overline{\rho }(X) $ | Z0/m | mr/kg | $ {k}_{\text{s}} $/(kN·mm−1) |
|---|
| $ {a}_{\text{M}}=3\,400g \sin \dfrac{2\text{π} \left(t+0.53\right)}{4.243}$ $ t\in \left[0,1.09\,\mathrm{ms}\right] $ | Free boundary | $ \overline{\rho }(X)=0.261\,2{\mathrm{e}}^{-4.261X}+0.057\,53{\mathrm{e}}^{-100.5X} $ | 0.2146 | 0.0380 | |
| Elastic boundary | $ \overline{\rho }(X)=0.123\,3{\mathrm{e}}^{-72.13X}+0.323\,5{\mathrm{e}}^{-5.162X} $ | 0.2247 | 0.0557 | 1.18 |
| $ {a}_{\text{M}}=3\,400g\left(t-1\right) $ $ t\in \left[0,1.00\,\mathrm{ms}\right] $ | Free boundary | $ \begin{aligned}\overline{\rho }(X)=\;&2.466{X}^{3}-1.621{X}^{2}+0.461\,1X+\\&0.039\,95\;\;(\text{After optimization})\end{aligned} $ | 0.2046 | 0.0014 | |
| Elastic boundary | $ \begin{aligned}\overline{\rho }(X)=\;&{\left(5.374+61.87X-149.4{X}^{2}\right)}^{-1}\\& (\text{After optimization})\end{aligned} $ | 0.2446 | 0.0170 | 3.92 |
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