Article(id=1325141518335488222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, issueId=1325141422059434771, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11858/gywlxb.20251264, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1763654400000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-21, revisedDate=1768838400000, revisedDateStr=2026-01-20, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793867957910, onlineDateStr=2026-11-05, pubDate=1785859200000, pubDateStr=2026-08-05, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793867957910, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793867957910, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793867957910, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325141422059434771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, year='2026', volume='40', issue='8', pageStart='080101-1', pageEnd='080111-13', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1785859200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-05', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793867934956, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793868226120, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1325142643738551272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, issueId=1325141422059434771, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1325142643738551273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, issueId=1325141422059434771, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=080109-1, endPage=080109-9, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325141518566174943, articleId=1325141518335488222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, language=EN, title=Numerical Simulation of CoCrFeMnNi High Entropy Alloy Shaped Charge Jet and Its Penetration into a Target Plate, columnId=1325141422910878484, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, columnName=Dynamic Damage and Failure of Metals and Alloys, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The continuous advancement of modern armor protection technology has imposed severe challenges on the damage power of shaped charge warheads. Traditional liner materials have become a major constraint in improving penetration depth due to their limited comprehensive performance. High entropy alloys (HEAs), owing to their unique multi-principal element design, exhibit core potentials, such as high strength, high hardness, and excellent dynamic fracture toughness, thereby making them highly promising candidate materials for new-generation liners. In this study, the CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloy was prepared via selective laser melting (SLM) technology, and the mechanical properties of the alloy were tested under quasi-static and dynamic loadings. The Johnson-Cook (J-C) dynamic constitutive model and related parameters for the CoCrFeMnNi HEA were determined. Using LS-DYNA, shaped charge jet formation models for both copper and high entropy alloy were established, and numerical simulations were carried out on the processes of jet formation and target penetration for copper and HEA. The research results indicate that, when compared with copper, the CoCrFeMnNi HEA liner can form a more stable and continuous jet. Its unique formation and stretching-breakup mechanisms ultimately result in greater penetration depth, confirming the significant advantage of high entropy alloys in the enhanced damage effect.

, authors=Yuquan MENG1, Rong LEI2, Shanshan LIU1, Xiaobao WU1, Weidong SONG1, authorsList=Yuquan MENG, Rong LEI, Shanshan LIU, Xiaobao WU, Weidong SONG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shanshan LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325141521938395376, articleId=1325141518335488222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, language=CN, title=CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金聚能射流及侵彻靶板数值模拟研究, columnId=1325141423070262038, journalTitle=高压物理学报, columnName=金属及合金材料动态损伤破坏, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

现代装甲防护技术的持续发展对聚能战斗部的毁伤威力提出了更严峻的挑战。传统药型罩材料因其综合性能局限,已成为提升侵彻深度的主要制约因素。高熵合金因具有独特的多主元设计,展现出高强度、高硬度、优异的动态断裂韧性等核心潜力,被视为极具前景的新型药型罩候选材料。在此背景下,通过激光熔化技术制备了CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金,并对其开展了静、动态力学性能测试与研究,确定了CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金的Johnson-Cook(J-C)动态本构模型及其参数。利用LS-DYNA建立了紫铜和高熵合金2种材料的聚能射流形成模型,并对紫铜和高熵合金聚能射流的形成过程和侵彻靶板过程进行了数值模拟。结果表明,相较于紫铜,高熵合金药型罩能够形成更稳定、连续的射流,独特的成型与拉断机理使其获得更深的侵彻深度,证实了高熵合金在提升毁伤效能方面的显著优势。

, authors=孟钰权1, 雷瑢2, 刘姗姗1, 吴小宝1, 宋卫东1, authorsList=孟钰权, 雷瑢, 刘姗姗, 吴小宝, 宋卫东, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘姗姗, authorNote=

孟钰权(1995-),男,博士研究生,主要从事动载下高熵合金的力学行为和变形机理研究. E-mail:

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刘姗姗(1993-),女,博士研究生,主要从事动载下高熵合金的力学行为和变形机理研究. E-mail:
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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141518335488222, language=CN, label=图7, caption=CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金侵彻靶板演化, figureFileSmall=ogjlmku+yjiIMXsyyrVSiA==, figureFileBig=Coyz021+ZKmm6hBnzzp7Lw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325141527344853290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141518335488222, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Evolution of copper penetrating into a target plate, figureFileSmall=BQErzXNCoX985ANliB2aQQ==, figureFileBig=mNor2vKNxKmv3fidUXr5Sg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325141527479071019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141518335488222, language=CN, label=图8, caption=紫铜侵彻靶板演化, figureFileSmall=BQErzXNCoX985ANliB2aQQ==, figureFileBig=mNor2vKNxKmv3fidUXr5Sg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325141527558762796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141518335488222, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=J-C parameters of CoCrFeMnNi HEA, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ρ0/(g·cm−3)A/MPaB/MPanCmcp/(J·g−1·K−1) $ {\dot{\varepsilon }}_{0} $/s−1Tm/K
7.965507800.60.1410.4521×10−31793
), ArticleFig(id=1325141529223901485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141518335488222, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金的J-C参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
ρ0/(g·cm−3)A/MPaB/MPanCmcp/(J·g−1·K−1) $ {\dot{\varepsilon }}_{0} $/s−1Tm/K
7.965507800.60.1410.4521×10−31793
), ArticleFig(id=1325141529291010350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141518335488222, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Equation of state parameters of CoCrFeMnNi HEA, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
σHEL/GPaC0/(km·s−1)Sγ
2.583.81–3.921.361.78
), ArticleFig(id=1325141529366507823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141518335488222, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

CoCrFeMnNi 高熵合金的状态方程参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
σHEL/GPaC0/(km·s−1)Sγ
2.583.81–3.921.361.78
), ArticleFig(id=1325141529437810992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141518335488222, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=Explosive material parameters, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
AJWL/GPaBJWL/GPaR1R2ωρ0/(g·cm−3)E0/GPaD/(m·s−1)pCJ/GPa
371.23.2314.150.950.31.784.192693034
), ArticleFig(id=1325141529509114161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141518335488222, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

炸药材料参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
AJWL/GPaBJWL/GPaR1R2ωρ0/(g·cm−3)E0/GPaD/(m·s−1)pCJ/GPa
371.23.2314.150.950.31.784.192693034
), ArticleFig(id=1325141529580417330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141518335488222, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=J-C parameters of target board[18], figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
A/GPaB/GPan $ {\dot{\varepsilon }}_{0} $/s−1CmD1D2D3D4D5
1.52.60.821×10−30.0091.05300.7800
), ArticleFig(id=1325141529647526195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141518335488222, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

靶板的J-C参数[18]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
A/GPaB/GPan $ {\dot{\varepsilon }}_{0} $/s−1CmD1D2D3D4D5
1.52.60.821×10−30.0091.05300.7800
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CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金聚能射流及侵彻靶板数值模拟研究
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孟钰权 1 , 雷瑢 2 , 刘姗姗 1 , 吴小宝 1 , 宋卫东 1
高压物理学报 | 金属及合金材料动态损伤破坏 2026,40(8): 080109-1-080109-9
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高压物理学报 |金属及合金材料动态损伤破坏 2026 , 40 (8) : 080109-1 -080109-9
CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金聚能射流及侵彻靶板数值模拟研究
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孟钰权1 , 雷瑢2, 刘姗姗1 , 吴小宝1, 宋卫东1
作者信息
  • 1北京理工大学爆炸科学与安全防护全国重点实验室, 北京 100081
  • 2中国人民解放军93160部队, 北京 100071
通讯作者:
刘姗姗(1993-),女,博士研究生,主要从事动载下高熵合金的力学行为和变形机理研究. E-mail:
作者简介:

孟钰权(1995-),男,博士研究生,主要从事动载下高熵合金的力学行为和变形机理研究. E-mail:

Numerical Simulation of CoCrFeMnNi High Entropy Alloy Shaped Charge Jet and Its Penetration into a Target Plate
Yuquan MENG1 , Rong LEI2, Shanshan LIU1 , Xiaobao WU1, Weidong SONG1
Affiliations
  • 1State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
  • 2Unit 93160 of the People’s Liberation Army of China, Beijing 100071, China
出版时间: 2026-08-05 doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20251264
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现代装甲防护技术的持续发展对聚能战斗部的毁伤威力提出了更严峻的挑战。传统药型罩材料因其综合性能局限,已成为提升侵彻深度的主要制约因素。高熵合金因具有独特的多主元设计,展现出高强度、高硬度、优异的动态断裂韧性等核心潜力,被视为极具前景的新型药型罩候选材料。在此背景下,通过激光熔化技术制备了CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金,并对其开展了静、动态力学性能测试与研究,确定了CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金的Johnson-Cook(J-C)动态本构模型及其参数。利用LS-DYNA建立了紫铜和高熵合金2种材料的聚能射流形成模型,并对紫铜和高熵合金聚能射流的形成过程和侵彻靶板过程进行了数值模拟。结果表明,相较于紫铜,高熵合金药型罩能够形成更稳定、连续的射流,独特的成型与拉断机理使其获得更深的侵彻深度,证实了高熵合金在提升毁伤效能方面的显著优势。

高熵合金  /  聚能射流  /  药型罩  /  侵彻靶板  /  动态本构模型  /  有限元模拟

The continuous advancement of modern armor protection technology has imposed severe challenges on the damage power of shaped charge warheads. Traditional liner materials have become a major constraint in improving penetration depth due to their limited comprehensive performance. High entropy alloys (HEAs), owing to their unique multi-principal element design, exhibit core potentials, such as high strength, high hardness, and excellent dynamic fracture toughness, thereby making them highly promising candidate materials for new-generation liners. In this study, the CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloy was prepared via selective laser melting (SLM) technology, and the mechanical properties of the alloy were tested under quasi-static and dynamic loadings. The Johnson-Cook (J-C) dynamic constitutive model and related parameters for the CoCrFeMnNi HEA were determined. Using LS-DYNA, shaped charge jet formation models for both copper and high entropy alloy were established, and numerical simulations were carried out on the processes of jet formation and target penetration for copper and HEA. The research results indicate that, when compared with copper, the CoCrFeMnNi HEA liner can form a more stable and continuous jet. Its unique formation and stretching-breakup mechanisms ultimately result in greater penetration depth, confirming the significant advantage of high entropy alloys in the enhanced damage effect.

high entropy alloy  /  shaped charge jet  /  liner  /  penetrating target  /  dynamic constitutive model  /  finite element simulation
孟钰权, 雷瑢, 刘姗姗, 吴小宝, 宋卫东. CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金聚能射流及侵彻靶板数值模拟研究. 高压物理学报, 2026 , 40 (8) : 080109-1 -080109-9 . DOI: 10.11858/gywlxb.20251264
Yuquan MENG, Rong LEI, Shanshan LIU, Xiaobao WU, Weidong SONG. Numerical Simulation of CoCrFeMnNi High Entropy Alloy Shaped Charge Jet and Its Penetration into a Target Plate[J]. Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, 2026 , 40 (8) : 080109-1 -080109-9 . DOI: 10.11858/gywlxb.20251264
当前及未来战场面临着装甲防护技术革命性升级带来的严峻挑战。为满足现代战争日益增长的毁伤效能需求,亟需发展新一代高效聚能穿甲技术。聚能穿甲武器是一种应用“空心装药效应”的战斗部,其原理是通过该效应使金属药型罩形成高温高压高速射流,以此穿透装甲等坚硬目标。其中,药型罩材料是决定最终毁伤效能的关键因素。药型罩材料的力学性能直接决定射流的形成、延伸、稳定性和穿透能力。紫铜作为药型罩材料被开发和使用已超过70年,然而,传统紫铜药型罩已接近其理论性能极限。铜的强度和动态屈服强度有限,导致形成的射流在高速拉伸下易过早颈缩、断裂,限制了有效射流长度、穿深和后效,严重影响聚能装药战斗部的侵彻性能。为突破上述瓶颈并开发下一代聚能战斗部,对新型药型罩材料提出了以下两点要求:一是需要兼具极高的动态强度与良好的动态韧性,以确保射流在高速拉伸下不易断裂;二是需要更高的材料密度,高密度直接决定了射流的动量。因此,开发满足上述条件的新型药型罩材料成为科研人员的迫切需求[1–3]。
近年来,高熵合金(high entropy alloy,HEA)因其独特的晶格畸变效应和“鸡尾酒效应”,展现出作为下一代药型罩材料的巨大潜力。通过高熵合金成分设计,可同时实现高强度、高韧性、优异的耐热性及可调控的密度,从而精准满足药型罩对动态力学性能与高密度的苛刻需求。这些超越传统合金的卓越特性,使高熵合金成为极具前景的新型药型罩候选材料[4–6]。到目前为止,科研人员对高熵合金这一概念进行了很多探讨。在高熵合金的动态力学性能方面,人们对几种典型高熵合金的动态力学特性与变形机理开展了研究,其中,面心立方结构CoCrFeMnNi和体心立方结构TaNbHfZrTi高熵合金均在动态加载下表现出明显的应变率效应,具有良好的动态屈服强度和应变硬化能力[7–10]。为探索高熵合金在聚能战斗部中药型罩射流性能的表现,也有一些学者利用实验和数值模拟开展了相关研究。Liu等[7]开发的钨基高熵合金展现出卓越的自锐能力,其侵彻性能显著优于传统钨基高熵合金10%~20%,与传统材料普遍发生的“蘑菇头”变形形成鲜明对比。鄢阿敏等[11]系统研究了CrMnFeCoNi高熵合金的动态力学行为,模拟验证了高熵合金射流形成边界的合理性,并进一步揭示了射流高速拉伸断裂演化规律,探索了该合金用作药型罩的适用性。刘承哲等[12]基于CoCrFeNiTi高熵合金的动态力学性能,通过数值模拟与威力实验相结合的方法,验证了该材料作为药型罩的可行性。然而,既有研究多局限于单一的数值模拟或实验测试,未能实现两者的结合印证,且缺乏对射流最终侵彻能力的深入探讨。
本研究将采用增材制造技术制备CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金,通过静、动态力学性能测试,确定其动态本构模型参数,在此基础上,建立铜和高熵合金2种材料的聚能射流形成模型,采用LS-DYNA有限元方法,对以这2种材料作为药型罩时的射流形成过程进行数值模拟和理论分析,揭示两者射流的成型和拉断机理;此外,还将建立紫铜和高熵合金侵彻靶板模型,研究高熵合金聚能射流侵彻靶板行为,以期为设计高熵合金聚能战斗部提供参考。
采用选区激光熔化(selective laser melting,SLM)技术制备CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金,如图1所示。通过BLT-S200 SLM 3D打印机(最高激光功率为500 W)制备试件,其中,激光功率为275 W,扫描速率为950 mm/s,打印层厚为40 μm,最终制备出尺寸为70 mm×40 mm×18 mm的高熵合金块体。分别选取3个扫描方向制得3块合金锭,对制得的合金块体进行水淬,通过电火花线切割加工(electrical discharge machining,EDM)取样,并对所得试样进行打磨抛光处理。
为开展准静态力学性能测试,首先通过线切割与精密机加工制备尺寸为$\varnothing $6 mm×6 mm的圆柱试样;然后,用800目砂纸打磨试样两端,确保表面的平整度;实验前,在试样端部均匀涂抹凡士林润滑剂,以有效降低压缩过程中端面摩擦约束对测试结果的影响。所有准静态压缩实验均在万能试验机上完成,采用恒定的0.001 s−1应变率进行加载。材料的动态力学性能通过分离式霍普金森压杆(split Hopkinson pressure bar,SHPB)装置测试。
测得的不同应变率下试件的动态真实应力-应变曲线如图2所示。可见,采用SLM制备的CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金表现出显著的应变率效应,屈服强度从准静态下的545 MPa 增至动态加载下的727 MPa(1300和3200 s−1)和754 MPa(4500 s−1)。
在涉及大变形、高应变率与显著温度变化的工况下,Johnson-Cook(J-C)本构模型能够有效模拟金属材料的动态力学行为及失效过程。本研究采用该模型描述高熵合金在高速侵彻及大变形下的应变硬化、应变率硬化和热软化效应[13–14],表达式为
$ \sigma =\left(A+B{\varepsilon }^{n}\right)\left(1+C\ln \frac{\dot{\varepsilon }}{{\dot{\varepsilon }}_{0}}\right)\left[1-{\left(\frac{T-{T}_{\text{r}}}{{T}_{\rm{m}}-{T}_{\text{r}}}\right)}^{{m}}\right] $
式中:σ为流动应力,$ \varepsilon $为等效塑性应变,$ \dot{\varepsilon } $为等效塑性应变率,$ {\dot{\varepsilon }}_{0} $为参考应变率,$ T $为温度,$ {T}_{\text{r}} $为室温,$ {T}_{\text{m}} $为熔化温度,A、B、C、m和n为模型参数。
通过拟合实验数据,得到CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金的J-C模型,即
$ \sigma =\left(550+780{\varepsilon }^{0.6}\right)\left(1+0.14\ln \frac{\dot{\varepsilon }}{{\dot{\varepsilon }}_{0}}\right)\left(1-{\frac{T-{T}_{\text{r}}}{{T}_{\rm{m}}-{T}_{\text{r}}}}\right) $
式中:σ的单位为MPa。完整的J-C本构模型参数见表1,其中:ρ0为密度,cp为比定压热容。
为准确模拟金属射流的侵彻机理,其本构模型必须包含能够精确刻画材料在高压状态下压力-体积关系的状态方程。通常,状态方程参数需要通过平板撞击实验或分子动力学模拟近似得到。本研究采用Jiang等[15]通过平板撞击实验测得的CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金的冲击压缩Mie-Grüneisen状态方程参数,如表2所示,其中:σHEL为Hugoniot弹性极限,C0为体声速,S为线性拟合系数,γ为Grüneisen参数。
基于装药结构的几何对称性及线起爆方式,将三维问题简化为二维平面应变模型进行分析。在此简化框架下,线起爆可等效为点起爆。建立的二维数值模型如图3所示。建模过程中,采用cm-g-μs单位制。选用SOLID162单元进行网格划分,采用自适应网格技术解决药型罩大变形导致的网格畸变问题。接触定义采用以下方案:炸药与药型罩界面采用CONTACT_2D_AUTOMATIC_SURFACE_TO_SURFACE算法,药型罩自接触采用CONTACT_2D_AUTOMATIC_SINGLE_SURFACE算法。
模型关键几何参数如下:药型罩采用1.5 mm等厚度设计,母线长度为15 mm,锥角为80°,装药高度为16 mm。起爆方式设置为顶端棱边同步起爆,确保爆轰波传播的对称性。
数值模拟中,炸药的爆轰过程通过MAT_HIGH_EXPLOSIVE_BURN材料模型进行描述,该模型需配合 JWL 状态方程共同定义 TNT 炸药的化学能释放和压力-体积关系。相关的材料参数如表3所示,其中: AJWL、BJWL、R1、R2和ω为常数,D为爆速,pCJ为爆轰压力,E0为初始比内能。
在初始压垮阶段,爆轰波阵面直接作用于锥形药型罩表面,使其各微元沿法线方向向对称轴加速运动。当对称位置的罩体微元在轴线碰撞时,部分材料发生射流形成所必需的塑性流动,形成初生射流和杵体。此时,爆轰波尚未完全传播至整个装药,药型罩仅完成30%~50%的压垮过程。在加速汇聚阶段,在爆轰产物持续膨胀作用下,未完全压垮的药型罩继续向对称面汇聚。这一过程中,后续汇入的罩体材料不断为射流头部补充质量和动能,使其速度从初始的2~3 km/s提升至峰值(通常可达7~9 km/s)。该阶段射流的形成效率直接决定了最终侵彻能力。在拉伸断裂阶段,当药型罩完全压垮后,射流不再获得新的质量补充。由于先形成部分的速度高、后形成部分的速度低,射流内部形成显著的速度梯度。在梯度作用下,射流不断拉伸变细,单位长度质量持续下降,最终导致颈缩断裂。这一拉伸过程虽降低了射流密度,却使其获得更长的有效作用长度。
图4描述了CoCrFeMnNi 高熵合金线型聚能射流的形成与拉伸演化过程。由图4可知,射流与杵体的长度随时间延长而增加。时序分析表明:t=5 μs时,药型罩保持初始形态;至15 μs,罩体已显著变形,并向对称轴闭合;20 μs时完成闭合并形成初始射流;25 μs后,爆轰产物持续作用,使射流质量进一步增加;到40 μs时,因射流内部形成速度梯度而产生明显颈缩,标志着射流最终成型。通常以2 km/s的射流微元为界,一侧为杵体,另一侧为射流。从图4可以清晰地看到该分界线,符合金属射流的一般形成规律[16–17]。
为了进行对比,体现高熵合金作为药型罩的优势,采用传统材料紫铜进行了相同的聚能射流模拟,结果如图5所示,其中,v为速度。可以看到,整个射流过程与高熵合金基本类似,但紫铜射流长度明显低于高熵合金射流长度,在25 μs时头部就出现拉断现象,最终形成的射流没有高熵合金射流没有稳定和细长。因此,从射流形态来看,高熵合金比紫铜具有较好的效果。
射流头部速度是评价射流效果的重要参数。为此,在相同的模拟条件下,比较了高熵合金和紫铜的最终射流头部速度,如图6所示。可见,高熵合金射流头部速度始终高于紫铜射流头部速度,且前者的最大值约为4.29 km/s,后者的最大值约为4.07 km/s。这意味着高熵合金的侵彻毁伤能力更强。
为了检验所设计的结构材料是否满足实际应用需求,需对新型材料药型罩的性能进行对比分析。为此,本研究建立了线型射流侵彻模型,分别对紫铜和CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金药型罩的射流侵彻性能进行了计算与评估。为了探究不同药型罩材料对超高硬度装甲的毁伤效应,选用厚度为10 cm的高氮钢作为侵彻目标,采用J-C本构模型及失效模型进行模拟,相关参数列于表4[18],其中:D1~D5为失效参数。
图7和图8分别给出了高熵合金和紫铜药型罩聚能射流的侵彻过程,其中,σeff为有效应力。从侵彻靶板结果可以明显看出,在相同的侵彻高度以及同一侵彻时间(13~14 μs)下,高熵合金作为药型罩材料所形成的聚能射流的侵彻深度更大,侵彻效果更好。高熵合金的侵彻深度约为3.12 cm,而紫铜的侵彻深度约为0.73 cm。
通过准静态压缩实验和SHPB实验研究了CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金的准静态和动态力学性能,确定了其J-C本构方程,采用LS-DYNA有限元软件,以紫铜为对照,对CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金射流的形成及其侵彻靶板过程进行了对比分析,得到如下主要结论:
(1) 与紫铜相比,CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金具有更优异的力学性能,能够形成更细长、更稳定的射流,并且射流头部速度更高,射流头部速度最大值约为4.29 km/s,明显高于紫铜射流头部速度最大值(4.07 km/s);
(2) 与紫铜药型罩相比,CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金药型罩具有更大的侵彻深度和更好的侵彻效果,其中高熵合金药型罩的侵彻深度约为3.12 cm,而紫铜药型罩的侵彻深度约为0.73 cm;
(3) 采用CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金作为新一代药型罩材料具有一定的潜在价值,值得深入探究其可行性。

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2026年第40卷第8期
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doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20251264
  • 接收时间:2025-11-21
  • 首发时间:2026-11-05
  • 出版时间:2026-08-05
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  • 收稿日期:2025-11-21
  • 修回日期:2026-01-20
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    1北京理工大学爆炸科学与安全防护全国重点实验室, 北京 100081
    2中国人民解放军93160部队, 北京 100071

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刘姗姗(1993-),女,博士研究生,主要从事动载下高熵合金的力学行为和变形机理研究. E-mail:
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