Article(id=1325126442111087110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, issueId=1325123175192855060, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11858/gywlxb.20251255, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1762704000000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-10, revisedDate=1768752000000, revisedDateStr=2026-01-19, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793864363458, onlineDateStr=2026-11-05, pubDate=1788537600000, pubDateStr=2026-09-05, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793864363458, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793864363458, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793864363458, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325123175192855060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, year='2026', volume='40', issue='9', pageStart='090101-1', pageEnd='090114-12', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1788537600000', pubDateStr='2026-09-05', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793863584564, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793864402827, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1325126607446356730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, issueId=1325123175192855060, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1325126607450551035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, issueId=1325123175192855060, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=090112-1, endPage=090112-6, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325126443029639687, articleId=1325126442111087110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, language=EN, title=High-Temperature and High-Pressure Synthesis of High-Purity Rhombohedral C60 Polymer, columnId=1325123176816050710, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, columnName=Carbon under High Pressure, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Rhombohedral C60 polymer holds significant potential for applications in two-dimensional materials and catalysis, yet the synthesis of high-purity, high-quality rhombohedral C60 remains challenging. In this study, rhombohedral C60 polymer was successfully synthesized under conditions of 6 GPa and 650 ℃. The obtained sample was confirmed to be a high-purity two-dimensional rhombohedral phase through characterization techniques including X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy. The effects of pressure and temperature (6–10 GPa, 650–800 ℃) on the polymerization of C60 were investigated, clarifying the phase boundary between the rhombohedral phase and disordered amorphous carbon clusters. Variable-temperature Raman spectroscopy revealed that the rhombohedral C60 polymer remains stable up to about 350 ℃, beyond which it depolymerizes and reverts to the original face-centered cubic C60 molecules. This work provides a clear processing window for the synthesis of high-quality rhombohedral C60 polymer, laying an experimental foundation for its further application in functional materials.

, authors=Shoulong LAI, Xigui YANG, authorsList=Shoulong LAI, Xigui YANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xigui YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325126447077143058, articleId=1325126442111087110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, language=CN, title=高纯菱方相C60聚合物的高温高压合成, columnId=1325123177629745688, journalTitle=高压物理学报, columnName=高压下的碳材料, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

菱方相C60聚合物在二维材料及催化等领域有着重要的应用潜力,然而,高纯度、高质量的菱方相C60聚合物制备仍然难以实现。在650 ℃、6 GPa的温压条件下成功合成了菱方相C60聚合物,利用X射线衍射、拉曼光谱、X射线光电子能谱及球差校正透射电子显微镜等分析手段,确认所合成样品为高纯二维菱方相结构。探究了压力和温度(6~10 GPa、650~800 ℃)对C60聚合的影响,明确了菱方相与无序非晶碳簇之间的相变边界。变温拉曼光谱测试结果表明:该菱方相C60聚合物在约350 ℃以下保持稳定,超出此温度将发生解聚,恢复为原始面心立方结构C60分子。本研究为高质量菱方相C60聚合物的合成提供了明确的工艺窗口,为其在功能材料领域的进一步应用奠定了实验基础。

, authors=来守龙, 杨西贵, authorsList=来守龙, 杨西贵, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=杨西贵, authorNote=

来守龙(1998-),男,博士研究生,主要从事高压科学与金刚石材料研究. E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
杨西贵(1990-),男,博士,教授,主要从事金刚石材料与器件研究. E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《高压物理学报》编辑部 2026, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=THVias3tHWKby96h5M9/vQ==, magXml=Z4HytsuhwSTA87dq9m8THQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=IiXJ2ZH17B2//y/Xm5hzTg==, pdfFileSize=2241841, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=XDJE2Sj0hDKS6ctexE4Npg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=bTGGUb9WrV+54kQz6TwUxg==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1325126447387521560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325126442111087110, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=laisl@gs.zzu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1325126447614013978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325126442111087110, authorId=1325126447387521560, language=EN, stringName=Shoulong LAI, firstName=Shoulong, middleName=null, lastName=LAI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Materials and Devices, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1325126447731454491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325126442111087110, authorId=1325126447387521560, language=CN, stringName=来守龙, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=郑州大学物理学院河南省金刚石材料与器件重点实验室, 河南 郑州 450001, bio={"content":"

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来守龙(1998-),男,博士研究生,主要从事高压科学与金刚石材料研究. E-mail:

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高纯菱方相C60聚合物的高温高压合成
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来守龙 , 杨西贵
高压物理学报 | 高压下的碳材料 2026,40(9): 090112-1-090112-6
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高压物理学报 |高压下的碳材料 2026 , 40 (9) : 090112-1 -090112-6
高纯菱方相C60聚合物的高温高压合成
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来守龙(1998-),男,博士研究生,主要从事高压科学与金刚石材料研究. E-mail:

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来守龙(1998-),男,博士研究生,主要从事高压科学与金刚石材料研究. E-mail:

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来守龙 , 杨西贵
作者信息
  • 郑州大学物理学院河南省金刚石材料与器件重点实验室, 河南 郑州 450001
通讯作者:
杨西贵(1990-),男,博士,教授,主要从事金刚石材料与器件研究. E-mail:
作者简介:

来守龙(1998-),男,博士研究生,主要从事高压科学与金刚石材料研究. E-mail:

High-Temperature and High-Pressure Synthesis of High-Purity Rhombohedral C60 Polymer
Shoulong LAI , Xigui YANG
Affiliations
  • Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Materials and Devices, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
出版时间: 2026-09-05 doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20251255
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菱方相C60聚合物在二维材料及催化等领域有着重要的应用潜力,然而,高纯度、高质量的菱方相C60聚合物制备仍然难以实现。在650 ℃、6 GPa的温压条件下成功合成了菱方相C60聚合物,利用X射线衍射、拉曼光谱、X射线光电子能谱及球差校正透射电子显微镜等分析手段,确认所合成样品为高纯二维菱方相结构。探究了压力和温度(6~10 GPa、650~800 ℃)对C60聚合的影响,明确了菱方相与无序非晶碳簇之间的相变边界。变温拉曼光谱测试结果表明:该菱方相C60聚合物在约350 ℃以下保持稳定,超出此温度将发生解聚,恢复为原始面心立方结构C60分子。本研究为高质量菱方相C60聚合物的合成提供了明确的工艺窗口,为其在功能材料领域的进一步应用奠定了实验基础。

C60  /  高温高压  /  菱方相  /  聚合  /  相变

Rhombohedral C60 polymer holds significant potential for applications in two-dimensional materials and catalysis, yet the synthesis of high-purity, high-quality rhombohedral C60 remains challenging. In this study, rhombohedral C60 polymer was successfully synthesized under conditions of 6 GPa and 650 ℃. The obtained sample was confirmed to be a high-purity two-dimensional rhombohedral phase through characterization techniques including X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy. The effects of pressure and temperature (6–10 GPa, 650–800 ℃) on the polymerization of C60 were investigated, clarifying the phase boundary between the rhombohedral phase and disordered amorphous carbon clusters. Variable-temperature Raman spectroscopy revealed that the rhombohedral C60 polymer remains stable up to about 350 ℃, beyond which it depolymerizes and reverts to the original face-centered cubic C60 molecules. This work provides a clear processing window for the synthesis of high-quality rhombohedral C60 polymer, laying an experimental foundation for its further application in functional materials.

C60  /  high-temperature and high-pressure  /  rhombohedral phase  /  polymerization  /  phase transition
来守龙, 杨西贵. 高纯菱方相C60聚合物的高温高压合成. 高压物理学报, 2026 , 40 (9) : 090112-1 -090112-6 . DOI: 10.11858/gywlxb.20251255
Shoulong LAI, Xigui YANG. High-Temperature and High-Pressure Synthesis of High-Purity Rhombohedral C60 Polymer[J]. Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, 2026 , 40 (9) : 090112-1 -090112-6 . DOI: 10.11858/gywlxb.20251255
富勒烯C60作为碳同素异形体中的代表性分子,因其在超硬材料、二维材料及催化等领域所展现出的重要应用潜力,近年来受到研究界的广泛关注[1–5]。在高压作用下,C60分子间距显著减小,分子间相互作用增强,导致分子自由转动受阻乃至停止,进而引发取向有序的结构相变。特别是在高温高压条件下,C60可发生极为丰富的结构转变与聚合行为,成为研究热点之一[1, 4]。在一定的高温高压条件下,C60分子间的双键可发生断裂,并与相邻分子形成共价键,从而构建多种聚合结构。目前,研究人员已成功制备了[2+2]环加成反应形成的二聚体、一维正交相、二维四方相(T)、二维菱方相(R) 以及三维网络结构在内的多种C60聚合物[6]。而在更高压力条件下,C60分子间将出现随机成键行为,最终导致碳笼塌陷并形成非晶碳簇[7]。
在众多C60聚合物中,R-C60聚合物因其独特的结构与性质而备受瞩目。该相一般属于$R\overline 3m $空间群,C60分子通过在原始面心立方相的(111)晶面上发生[2+2]环加成反应,构建出具有六方对称性的高度有序共价网络。该结构具有较高的分子堆积密度和独特的对称性,其特殊成键方式可能导致块体材料在室温下表现出磁性、窄带隙半导体特性以及力学稳定性,因而在下一代半导体器件、自旋电子学与量子材料等领域具有广阔的应用前景[6, 8]。Iwasa等[9]最早在5.0 GPa、773~1073 K条件下成功合成了该结构;随后,Blank等[10]在6.5~7.5 GPa、700~900 K范围内也观察到类似结构。随着实验与理论研究的不断深入,C60在高压下的相图逐步完善。目前广为接受的p-T相图由Brazhkin等[11]提出,在4~8 GPa、700~1100 K范围内可获得R-C60聚合物。然而,R-C60聚合物的合成对其形成条件极为敏感,微小的温度或压力偏离均可能导致竞争相(如四方相或正交相)的产生,或形成含有缺陷的非晶态聚合物,因此,获取高纯度、高质量的菱方相样品仍然面临较大挑战,也成为深入研究其物理性质的关键前提[6, 12–13]。
本研究拟在650 ℃、 6 GPa的温压条件下合成R-C60聚合物,并利用X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)、拉曼(Raman) 光谱、X射线光电子能谱(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,XPS) 与球差校正透射电子显微镜等分析手段对其晶体结构进行系统表征。进一步系统探究不同压力(6~10 GPa)和温度(650~800 ℃)对C60聚合行为的影响,明确菱方相与无序非晶碳簇之间的温压转变边界。以期为制备高质量R-C60聚合物提供可靠方案,也为后续深入研究该材料的电子结构、磁学性质以及其在半导体和量子材料中的潜在应用提供关键的材料基础。
本研究中的高温高压合成实验在德国沃根瑞特公司生产的Kawai型6-8式二级加压超高压多面砧压机上完成。以C60粉末(上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司,纯度99.9%)为前驱体,通过模具预压为圆柱体,在6~10 GPa、650~800 ℃条件下保温10 min,升压速度为3 GPa/h,升温速度为100 ℃/min,随后关闭加热电源以实现快速降温,再经1.5 GPa/h的缓慢卸压过程,成功制备出块体R-C60聚合物材料。利用日本理学SmartLab 3 kW多功能X射线衍射仪对合成样品进行物相分析,采用Cu-Kα射线源(λ=1.5406 Å),工作电压和电流分别为40 kV和40 mA,扫描范围设定为5°~40°。拉曼光谱测试在Renishaw Invia光谱仪上完成,激发波长为532 nm,分别在室温和高温条件下采集谱图。采用日本岛津AXIS SUPRA型X射线光电子能谱仪分析样品中碳元素的化学状态与电子结构。此外,利用赛默飞聚光镜球差校正透射电子显微镜(Themis Z 3.2) 对样品微观结构进行表征,拍摄了高角环形暗场扫描透射电子显微镜(HAADF-STEM)图像。
根据已有C60高压相图研究,选取650 ℃、6 GPa的温度与压力条件开展合成实验。样品的XRD谱如图1(a)所示,可见清晰的R-C60聚合物 (012)与(100)晶面衍射峰,所有峰位与理论模拟谱图高度吻合[14],说明面心立方结构的C60在(111)面内分子与相邻6个分子之间发生聚合,形成了菱方相二维聚合结构,插图为R-C60聚合物的原子结构示意图[15]。图1(b)为前驱体C60与高压样品在室温下测得的Raman光谱。C60在1469 cm−1处的峰对应于Ag(2)振动模式,代表C=C双键的伸缩振动。当C60发生聚合时,环加成反应导致部分双键打开形成单键,Ag(2)振动模式随之减弱并发生红移;当该模式红移61 cm−1至1408 cm−1时,表明形成菱方相聚合结构,该结果与Raman光谱一致[16]。其他振动模式的位移较小,部分模式出现分裂,并在高频区观察到R-C60聚合物特有的Gg(6)模式中等强度谱带。图1(c)展示了R-C60聚合物的光致发光(photoluminescence,PL) 光谱,在710 nm处存在R相特有的窄发光峰,R-C60聚合物的光学带隙略小于原始C60,该结果与文献[17]的报道一致。与原始C60相比,R相聚合物的发光峰发生红移,表明其最高占据分子轨道能级降低。
在理想平面石墨烯(sp2杂化)中,碳原子键角为120°;而C60为形成球面结构需引入12个五元环,导致键角被压缩至约116°。键角减小意味着轨道杂化需向sp3(理想键角109.5°)方向调整以缓解结构张力,具体表现为杂化指数约为sp2.28,更接近sp2但带有明显sp3特征,其σ键轨道的s成分约为30.5%,介于典型sp2 (33.3%)与sp3(25%)之间。图1(d)为R-C60聚合物的C1s XPS图谱,可分解为多个组分,分别对应sp2杂化的C=C键(284.5 eV)与sp3杂化的C―C键(285.1 eV),其强度比约为2∶5。此外,在286.7和289.0 eV处还识别出C―N键与C=O键。计算结果表明,我们合成的R-C60聚合物中σ键轨道的s成分约为27.4%,这是因为在高温高压聚合过程中,部分C=C双键打开,sp2杂化转变为sp3杂化,导致σ键轨道的s成分进一步降低。综合XRD、Raman、PL和XPS谱图分析结果,证实成功合成了高纯度R-C60聚合物。
为了解析R-C60聚合物的原子结构,对合成样品进行了高角环形暗场扫描透射电子显微镜(high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy,HAADF-STEM)观测。图2(a)显示了经机械研磨与超声分散处理后获得的薄片状样品,适用于透射电镜观测。在较高放大倍数下(图2(b))可清晰辨识R-C60聚合物的周期晶格条纹,插图为相应区域的快速傅里叶变换(fast Fourier transform,FFT) 图谱,其明锐、规则的衍射斑点表明样品具有良好的长程结晶性。测量了3个主要晶面间距(d),分别为8.08、6.61和 7.67 Å,这些间距与R-C60聚合物晶体沿[110]带轴投影下的(00$\overline 3 $)、($\overline 1 $1$\overline 2 $)及($\overline 1 $11)晶面理论值高度吻合。为进一步揭示其原子排列特征,在60 kV的低加速电压条件下采集了原子分辨级STEM图像(图2(c))。在原始C60中,分子在室温下存在快速旋转行为,导致其碳笼结构无法在原子尺度稳定成像[18–19];而在聚合形成的R-C60聚合物中,C60分子间通过共价键相互连接,有效抑制了分子转动,从而使得单个C60分子笼在图中清晰可辨。插图所示为R-C60聚合物的晶体结构模型,其排列方式与实验所获HAADF-STEM图像高度一致。此外,图像整体呈现均匀的原子衬度,未观察到孔洞、位错或晶界等局域缺陷,进一步证实所制备的R-C60聚合物样品具有较高的相纯度和晶体完整性。
在高温高压作用下,当温压条件超出R-C60聚合物的稳定合成区间时,C60分子可能发生结构“坍塌”(笼状骨架破裂)或“非晶化”(C―C键断裂),从而转变为无序石墨相。然而,目前关于R-C60聚合物与无序非晶碳簇之间的温压相变边界仍不够明确[20]。为此,我们在6 GPa、650 ℃条件下成功合成高纯度R-C60聚合物的基础上,采用定温升压与定压升温2种实验路径,系统探究了两者之间的相变边界。图3(a)为在650 ℃恒定温度、不同压力下合成样品的XRD谱。随着压力升高,样品中开始出现T-C60,且其相对含量随压力进一步上升而增加。当压力升至10 GPa时,C60分子间的排斥作用已无法抵抗外部压力,导致碳笼结构崩溃,材料转变为无序石墨结构。图3(b)为对应样品的Raman光谱,可观察到,随着压力升高,C60分子有序排列被破坏,晶体质量下降;部分碳笼发生塌陷,C―C键断裂引起振动模式改变,拉曼信号随之减弱,特征峰逐渐模糊甚至消失;在10 GPa时,R-C60聚合物已完全转变为无定形碳。图3(c)和图3(d)分别为在6 GPa恒定压力、不同温度下合成样品的XRD谱与Raman光谱。在770 ℃时,R-C60聚合物仍能基本保持结构稳定;而当温度升高至800 ℃这一临界值时,C60笼状结构发生塌陷,sp2与sp3杂化键断裂,R-C60聚合物转变为无序非晶碳簇。在高温高压耦合环境中,高压为C60分子间距离的缩短提供了驱动力,而高温则为克服能垒、断键与成键过程提供了必要的动能。相比之下,温度在诱导C60碳笼塌缩过程中所起的作用更为显著。
在高温高压条件下,C60分子可通过[2+2]环加成反应形成共价键,进而构筑二维或三维聚合物网络。对这类聚合物进行加热可提供足够能量,使其分子间的共价连接(主要为[2+2]环加成键)发生断裂。一旦这些“桥接键”被破坏,C60分子将在强烈的范德华排斥作用下相互分离,恢复至能量更低的独立球形分子状态。该结构转变过程可通过Raman光谱进行追踪:C60聚合物的振动模式(如Ag(2))在高温下通常会发生峰位移动与谱线展宽;若发生解聚,随着温度升高,光谱将逐渐恢复至单体C60所特有的峰位与尖锐谱形。为研究R-C60聚合物的热稳定性,我们在空气氛围中采集了其从室温至450 ℃的变温Raman光谱,每阶段升温后保温20 min再进行测量,结果如图4所示。室温下样品的Raman光谱呈现出典型的R-C60聚合物特征;在350 ℃时,位于1408 cm−1处代表菱方相结构的Ag(2)振动模式未发生明显位移,但在1447 cm−1附近出现了T-C60振动模式所形成的宽包,表明部分R-C60聚合物中4个分子间C―C键发生断裂,生成了具有8个分子间碳碳键的T-C60低聚体。当温度升至400 ℃时,解聚现象更加显著;温度升至450 ℃时,Ag(2)振动模式已完全回移至1469 cm−1,且拉曼光谱呈现较低背景及尖锐的Hg(1)与Ag(1)振动峰,说明R-C60聚合物几乎完全解聚为初始C60分子。文献[21–22]报道了R-C60聚合物的热稳定温度通常为250~280 ℃,这可能与样品中含有一定的T-C60聚合物杂质有关。本研究合成的样品纯度更高,因此其热稳定性提升至350 ℃。
利用高温高压合成方法,在6 GPa、650 ℃条件下成功合成了R-C60聚合物,并利用X射线衍射、拉曼光谱、X射线光电子能谱和球差校正透射电子显微镜等分析手段对其晶体结构进行系统表征,确认其为高纯度菱方相。进一步系统探究了不同压力(6~10 GPa)和温度(650~800 ℃)对C60聚合行为的影响,明确了菱方相与无序非晶碳簇之间的温压转变边界。热稳定性研究表明,所获得的R-C60聚合物在空气氛围下具有约350 ℃的热稳定极限。超过此温度后发生的可逆解聚行为,表明其共价网络在特定能量输入下可退回到分子态C60。本工作为制备高质量R-C60聚合物提供了可靠方案,也为后续深入研究该材料的电子结构、磁学性质以及其在功能材料领域的进一步应用奠定了实验基础。

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2026年第40卷第9期
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doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20251255
  • 接收时间:2025-11-10
  • 首发时间:2026-11-05
  • 出版时间:2026-09-05
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  • 收稿日期:2025-11-10
  • 修回日期:2026-01-19
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    郑州大学物理学院河南省金刚石材料与器件重点实验室, 河南 郑州 450001

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杨西贵(1990-),男,博士,教授,主要从事金刚石材料与器件研究. E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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种数
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species
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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