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高压物理学报
|高压下的碳材料
2026
, 40
(9) :
090101-1
-090101-2
高压下的碳材料 • 前言
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出版时间: 2026-09-05
doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20261153
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.
高压下的碳材料 • 前言.
高压物理学报,
2026
, 40
(9)
: 090101-1
-090101-2
.
DOI: 10.11858/gywlxb.20261153
.
Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics,
2026
, 40
(9)
: 090101-1
-090101-2
.
DOI: 10.11858/gywlxb.20261153
碳是自然界中分布最为广泛、结构形态最为丰富的元素之一。碳元素凭借其独特的电子构型,可形成sp、sp2、sp3等多种杂化成键方式,构成零维到三维的丰富同素异形体,展现出令人惊叹的物性可调性。正因如此,碳材料始终处于凝聚态物理、材料科学与高压科学交叉研究的核心位置。
压强作为决定物质状态的基本热力学参量,在碳材料研究中的地位尤为独特。早在20世纪中叶,高压技术便在碳材料领域实现了里程碑式的突破:高温高压条件下石墨向金刚石的转变被成功实现,这一被称为“人造钻石技术”的成就不仅催生了数十亿美元量级的超硬材料产业,更深刻验证了高压可以跨越化学键能垒、驱动物质结构重构的科学预言。从那时起,高压便成为探索碳材料新结构、新物性的强大引擎。
21世纪以来,高压实验技术的革新使碳材料研究超越“石墨-金刚石”经典范式,步入结构调控与新结构创制的新阶段。高压能精准剪裁碳的成键网络:冷压驱动sp2-sp3杂化转变,获得与金刚石相媲美的硬度;热压则合成兼具优异力、电、光性能的新型碳块体材料。高压在低维碳体系研究中尤为显著,催生了二维金刚石及复合相等系列新物相。我国学者在该领域,从晶界工程到大尺寸非晶碳制备,已取得系列原创成果,建立起显著的学术高地。
然而,高压下碳材料的相变路径复杂、中间态丰富,不同合成路径(冷压与热压、静压与冲击波等)可导向截然不同的产物结构,这既是挑战,也是机遇。如何在非平衡相变路径中实现可控制备、如何理解sp2/sp3杂化共存的微观机制并据此设计多功能材料,仍是亟待深入探索的前沿课题。
为了更好地展示高压技术在碳材料研究中的最新进展与广阔前景,本专题汇聚了该领域多位专家和学者的研究成果,涵盖高压碳材料的结构相变、新奇物性探索以及大尺寸制备等诸多方面。希望本专题能够抛砖引玉,吸引更多高压领域的年轻学者投身碳材料研究,共同推动这一经典而又常新的领域不断前行。最后,谨向为本专题筹备和撰写做出贡献的所有学者同仁致以诚挚的感谢!
2026年第40卷第9期
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doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20261153
- 首发时间:2026-11-05
- 出版时间:2026-09-05
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gywlxb/CN/10.11858/gywlxb.20261153
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| | | | | 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 |
| | | | | 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 |
| | | | | 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 |
| | | | | 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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