高压物理学报

高温高压下几种岩石熔融玻璃的弹性波速

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蒋玺 ¹ , 周文戈 ² , 谢鸿森 ² , 刘永刚 ² , 范大伟 ²

高压物理学报 | 2013,27(4): 481-489

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高压物理学报 2013 , 27 (4) : 481 -489

高温高压下几种岩石熔融玻璃的弹性波速

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蒋玺¹, 周文戈², 谢鸿森², 刘永刚², 范大伟²

作者信息

^1.贵州大学资源与环境工程学院，贵州贵阳　550003

^2.中国科学院地球化学研究所地球深部物质与流体作用地球化学实验室，贵州贵阳　550002

Compressional and Shear Wave Velocities ofRock Glasses up to 2.0 GPa and 1 000 ℃

Xi JIANG¹, Wen-Ge ZHOU², Hong-Sen XIE², Yong-Gang LIU², Da-Wei FAN²

Affiliations

^1.College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550003, China

^2.The Division of the Earth's Interior Materials and Fluid Interaction Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guiyang 550002, China

Jiang Xi (1977-), male, doctor, major in experimental petrology. E-mail: xjiang235@163.com

出版时间: 2013-08-15

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摘要

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利用超声波脉冲反射法和透射-反射联合法，测量了压力在0.4~2.0 GPa条件下7种岩石熔融玻璃的纵波波速（v_p）和横波波速（v_s），并在恒压2.0 GPa下，在0~1 000 ℃和0~730 ℃温度范围内，分别测量了纵波波速和横波波速随温度的变化。结果显示，室温下随着压力的升高，大多数玻璃的v_p和全部玻璃的v_s异常地降低。异常的波速-压力关系与玻璃中SiO₂的含量密切相关，随着SiO₂的质量分数从87%降低到52%，玻璃的纵波波速和横波波速对于压力的导数（∂v_p/∂p和∂v_s/∂p）分别从-0.159和-0.114 μm/（s·Pa）升高到0.050和-0.001 μm/（s·Pa）。分析认为，玻璃的波速随压力升高而降低的原因主要与玻璃中SiO₂所具有的敞型结构有关。在2.0 GPa压力下，玻璃的波速首先随温度升高而缓慢降低，当达到600~700 ℃后，开始快速下降，设此温度为玻璃的转变温度T_g。根据实验测得的玄武岩玻璃波速，结合上地幔二辉橄榄岩的弹性性质，推测若在上地幔岩石中存在体积分数大于20%的玄武岩质非晶质体，上地幔便可能形成地震波低速层。

关键词

高温高压 / 岩石玻璃 / 纵波波速 / 横波波速 / 低速层

Abstract

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Measurements of compressional and shear wave velocities (v_p and v_s) under pressure from 0.4 to 2.0 GPa were performed on seven types of synthetic glasses, including basalt, andesite, dacite, amphibolite, pyroxenite, rhyolite and gneiss. At confining pressure of 2.0 GPa, the wave velocities were also measured as functions of temperature up to 1 000 ℃ for compressional wave velocity (v_p) and up to 730 ℃ for shear wave velocity (v_s). At room temperature, the wave velocities of the glasses decrease anomalously with pressure, as a result of the open structure of SiO₂ in silica-rich glasses. With varying SiO₂ mass fraction in the glasses from 87% to 52%, ∂v_p/∂_p increases from -0.159 to 0.050 μm/(s·Pa), and ∂v_s/∂p increases from -0.114 to -0.001 μm/(s·Pa). At 2.0 GPa, v_p and v_s of the glasses decrease slowly first up to 600-700 ℃, indicating the glass transition temperatures (T_g), and then decrease rapidly. Based on the elastic properties of basalt glass and mantle rocks, it is concluded that the basalt glass with volume fraction of about 20% in matrix can cause the low velocity zone in upper mantle.

Key words

high temperature and high pressure / rock glass / compressional wave velocity / shear wave velocity / low velocity zone

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蒋玺, 周文戈, 谢鸿森, 刘永刚, 范大伟. 高温高压下几种岩石熔融玻璃的弹性波速. 高压物理学报, 2013 , 27 (4) : 481 -489 .

Xi JIANG, Wen-Ge ZHOU, Hong-Sen XIE, Yong-Gang LIU, Da-Wei FAN. Compressional and Shear Wave Velocities ofRock Glasses up to 2.0 GPa and 1 000 ℃[J]. Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, 2013 , 27 (4) : 481 -489 .

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2013年第27卷第4期

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接收时间：2011-10-08
首发时间：2026-11-05
出版时间：2013-08-15

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收稿日期：2011-10-08
修回日期：2012-04-01

基金

National Natural Science Foundation of China(40804019)

Natural Science Foundation of Guizhou Province(2008-2251)

Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KJCX2-SW-N20)

作者信息

^1.贵州大学资源与环境工程学院，贵州贵阳　550003

^2.中国科学院地球化学研究所地球深部物质与流体作用地球化学实验室，贵州贵阳　550002

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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