Article(id=1256186035042660353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, issueId=1256186027853624275, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11858/gywlxb.20251251, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1762358400000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-06, revisedDate=1766332800000, revisedDateStr=2025-12-22, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1777427689562, onlineDateStr=2026-04-29, pubDate=1775318400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-05, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1777427689562, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1777427689562, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1777427689562, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1256186027853624275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, year='2026', volume='40', issue='4', pageStart='040101-1', pageEnd='045301-13', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1777427687845, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1777427791253, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1256186461888627074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, issueId=1256186027853624275, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1256186461888627075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, issueId=1256186027853624275, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=040105-1, endPage=040105-9, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1256186037055926283, articleId=1256186035042660353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, language=EN, title=Interatomic Potentials for Iron under Extreme Conditions, columnId=1256186029531345878, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, columnName=Young Scientists’ Forum, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The physical properties of iron under extreme high-pressure and high-temperature conditions are crucial for understanding the internal structure and evolutionary processes of Earth and terrestrial planets. To characterize the dynamic behavior of iron under the extreme conditions inside super-Earths, we combine first-principles molecular dynamics simulations with experimentally measured high-pressure melting curves to construct an embedded-atom potential applicable across ultra-high pressures and temperatures. This potential is fitted to multiple properties of the body-centered cubic (BCC), hexagonal close-packed (HCP), and liquid phases over 400 GPa to 1 TPa and 6000 to 10000 K, including the elastic constants of the solid phases, the radial distribution functions of the liquid, and experimentally determined melting data. We systematically validate the potential across different pressure-temperature conditions and found that it accurately reproduces the pressure and temperature dependence of solid elastic constants, and matches liquid radial distribution functions at three representative pressure-temperature conditions. Moreover, it predicts melting curves that lie within experimental uncertainties and agree well with previous first-principles simulations. Thermodynamic calculations based on this potential further show that the HCP phase remains thermodynamically stable between 400 GPa and 1 TPa, while the BCC phase is metastable. This potential provides a reliable atomistic tool for large-scale simulations of nucleation, crystallization, and solid-liquid coexistence in the cores of super-Earths. Moreover, the potential and associated dataset lay the groundwork for future extensions to multicomponent Fe alloys and their properties under ultra-high-pressure conditions.

, correspAuthors=Yang SUN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Liangrui WEI, Yang SUN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1256186077388354051, articleId=1256186035042660353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, language=CN, title=极端条件下铁的相互作用势, columnId=1256186029946581977, journalTitle=高压物理学报, columnName=优秀青年专辑, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

铁在极端高温高压条件下的物理性质对于理解地球及类地行星内部结构和演化过程具有重要意义。为了刻画铁在超级地球内部极端条件下的动力学行为,结合第一性原理分子动力学模拟与实验测定的高压熔化曲线,构建了一套适用于超高压力与高温范围的嵌入式原子势函数。该势函数拟合了体心立方相、密排六方相和液相在400 GPa~1 TPa、600010000 K下的多项物理性质,包括固态的弹性常数、液态的径向分布函数,以及实验获得的熔化曲线。在不同温压条件下对该势函数进行了系统检验,结果表明:其能够准确再现固态弹性常数与压力及温度的依赖关系;在3组典型温压点上与液相径向分布函数一致;预测的熔化曲线处于实验误差范围内,并且与第一性原理模拟结果基本吻合。基于该势函数的热力学计算进一步表明,在400 GPa~1 TPa压力区间内,铁的密排六方相保持热力学稳定,而体心立方相呈亚稳态。该势函数为大尺度模拟超级地球核心的形核结晶与固液共存提供了可靠的原子级工具;同时,该势函数与数据集为后续扩展多组分铁合金在超高压条件下的物性研究奠定了基础。

, correspAuthors=孙阳, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
孙 阳(1990-),男,博士,教授,主要从事极端条件下物性与相变研究. E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《高压物理学报》编辑部 2026, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=71v7gttm8+ony92Uxo7V/g==, magXml=DgI6F8BcDZbg28EbXc4JOQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=xkyYCrqyzdetxxZifi4Ing==, pdfFileSize=697382, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=gqgURe/3DOU3t+H4qBsmXA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=xeMF738oMr/7hnC8oue4Rw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

魏良睿(2002-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事地核下富铁固溶体相图研究. E-mail:

, authorsList=魏良睿, 孙阳)}, authors=[Author(id=1256186078185271823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=19820241154118@stu.xmu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1256186078403375634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, authorId=1256186078185271823, language=EN, stringName=Liangrui WEI, firstName=Liangrui, middleName=null, lastName=WEI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1256186078881526294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, authorId=1256186078185271823, language=CN, stringName=魏良睿, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=厦门大学物理科学与技术学院, 福建 厦门 361005, bio={"content":"

魏良睿(2002-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事地核下富铁固溶体相图研究. E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

魏良睿(2002-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事地核下富铁固溶体相图研究. E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1256186077946196490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1256186077958779403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, companyId=1256186077946196490, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1256186077971362316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, companyId=1256186077946196490, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=厦门大学物理科学与技术学院, 福建 厦门 361005)])]), Author(id=1256186079359676952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=yangsun@xmu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1256186079602946590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, authorId=1256186079359676952, language=EN, stringName=Yang SUN, firstName=Yang, middleName=null, lastName=SUN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=*, address=Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1256186079842021923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, authorId=1256186079359676952, language=CN, stringName=孙阳, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=*, address=厦门大学物理科学与技术学院, 福建 厦门 361005, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1256186077946196490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1256186077958779403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, companyId=1256186077946196490, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1256186077971362316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, companyId=1256186077946196490, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=厦门大学物理科学与技术学院, 福建 厦门 361005)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1256186080353727018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=iron), Keyword(id=1256186080680882734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=high temperature and high pressure), Keyword(id=1256186080924152369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=embedded atom method), Keyword(id=1256186081112896051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=melting curve), Keyword(id=1256186081733653045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=molecular dynamics), Keyword(id=1256186082119529017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=铁), Keyword(id=1256186082543153723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=高温高压), Keyword(id=1256186082824172093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=嵌入原子方法), Keyword(id=1256186083050664512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=熔化曲线), Keyword(id=1256186083298128451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=分子动力学)], refs=[Reference(id=1256186087748285025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DZIEWONSKI A M, ANDERSON D L. Preliminary reference Earth model [J]. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 1981, 25(4): 297–356., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256186088025109091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FIQUET G, AUZENDE A L, SIEBERT J, et al. Melting of peridotite to 140 Gigapascals [J]. Science, 2010, 329(5998): 1516–1518., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256186088155132517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ALFÈ D, GILLAN M J, PRICE G D. Temperature and composition of the Earth’s core [J]. Contemporary Physics, 2007, 48(2): 63–80., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256186088318710374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KANE S R, HILL M L, KASTING J F, et al. A catalog of KEPLER habitable zone exoplanet candidates [J]. The Astrophysical Journal, 2016, 830(1): 1., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256186088398402152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HIROSE K, LABROSSE S, HERNLUND J. Composition and state of the core [J]. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 2013, 41: 657–691., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256186088490676842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MORARD G, ANDRAULT D, ANTONANGELI D, et al. Properties of iron alloys under the Earth’s core conditions [J]. Comptes Rendus Geoscience, 2014, 346(5/6): 130–139., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256186088582951532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HIROSE K, WOOD B, VOČADLO L. Light elements in the Earth’s core [J]. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, 2021, 2(9): 645–658., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256186088981410414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=高宸, HO K M, 孙阳. 地核物质成分、结构与形核研究进展 [J]. 矿物岩石地球化学通报, 2025, 44(1): 94–115., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256186089069490800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GAO C, HO K M, SUN Y. Progress in the study of the composition, structure and nucleation of the Earth’s core [J]. Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, 2025, 44(1): 94–115., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256186089207902834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ELKINS-TANTON L. What makes a habitable planet? [J]. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 2013, 94(16): 149–150., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256186089337926259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DEHANT V, LAMMER H, KULIKOV Y N, et al. Planetary magnetic dynamo effect on atmospheric protection of early Earth and Mars [J]. Space Science Reviews, 2007, 129(1): 279–300., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256186089623138934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ANZELLINI S, DEWAELE A, MEZOUAR M, et al. Melting of iron at Earth’s inner core boundary based on fast X-ray diffraction [J]. Science, 2013, 340(6131): 464–466., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256186089765745271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=12, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Y J, WANG Y, HUANG Y Q, et al. Collective motion in hcp-Fe at Earth’s inner core conditions [J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2023, 120(41): e2309952120., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256186089853825655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI J, WU Q, LI J B, et al. Shock melting curve of iron: a consensus on the temperature at the Earth’s inner core boundary [J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2020, 47(15): e2020GL087758., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256186089967071866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TURNEAURE S J, SHARMA S M, GUPTA Y M. Crystal structure and melting of Fe shock compressed to 273 GPa: in situ X-ray diffraction [J]. Physical Review Letters, 2020, 125(21): 215702., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256186090092900988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG D Z, JACKSON J M, ZHAO J Y, et al. Temperature of Earth’s core constrained from melting of Fe and Fe0.9Ni0.1 at high pressures [J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2016, 447: 72–83., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256186090231313022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU J, SUN Y, LV C J, et al. Iron-rich Fe-O compounds at Earth’s core pressures [J]. The Innovation, 2023, 4(1): 100354., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256186090390696576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KRAUS R G, HEMLEY R J, ALI S J, et al. Measuring the melting curve of iron at super-Earth core conditions [J]. Science, 2022, 375(6577): 202–205., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256186090554274434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SUN T, BRODHOLT J P, LI Y G, et al. Melting properties from ab initio free energy calculations: iron at the Earth’s inner-core boundary [J]. Physical Review B, 2018, 98(22): 224301., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256186090659132036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SUN Y, MENDELEV M I, ZHANG F, et al. Ab initio melting temperatures of bcc and hcp iron under the Earth’s inner core condition [J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2023, 50(5): e2022GL102447., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256186090755601031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=20, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BOUCHET J, MAZEVET S, MORARD G, et al. Ab initio equation of state of iron up to 1500 GPa [J]. Physical Review B, 2013, 87(9): 094102., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256186090894013063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=21, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GONZÁLEZ-CATALDO F, MILITZER B. Ab initio determination of iron melting at terapascal pressures and super-Earths core crystallization [J]. Physical Review Research, 2023, 5(3): 033194., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256186091015647881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=22, rfOrder=22, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SUN Y, MENDELEV M I, ZHANG F, et al. Unveiling the effect of Ni on the formation and structure of Earth’s inner core [J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2024, 121(4): e2316477121., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256186091149865612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Z, SUN Y, WENTZCOVITCH R M. PBE-GGA predicts the B8↔B2 phase boundary of FeO at Earth’s core conditions [J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2023, 120(28): e2304726120., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256186091237945996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ALFÈ D. Temperature of the inner-core boundary of the Earth: melting of iron at high pressure from first-principles coexistence simulations [J]. Physical Review B, 2009, 79(6): 060101., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256186091359580814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=25, rfOrder=25, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=POZZO M, DAVIES C, GUBBINS D, et al. Thermal and electrical conductivity of iron at Earth’s core conditions [J]. Nature, 2012, 485(7398): 355–358., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256186091451855504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=26, rfOrder=26, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Y G, VOČADLO L, SUN T, et al. The Earth’s core as a reservoir of water [J]. Nature Geoscience, 2020, 13(6): 453–458., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256186091644793490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=27, rfOrder=27, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WU Z Q, WANG W Z. Shear softening of Earth’s inner core as indicated by its high Poisson ratio and elastic anisotropy [J]. Fundamental Research, 2025, 5(1): 264–268., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256186091745456788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=28, rfOrder=28, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HE Y, SUN S C, KIM D Y, et al. Superionic iron alloys and their seismic velocities in Earth’s inner core [J]. Nature, 2022, 602(7896): 258–262., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256186091850314390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=29, rfOrder=29, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WEI L R, WU Z P, HO K M, et al. The Fe-Ni phase diagram and the Earth’s inner core structure [J]. Science Advances, 2025, 11(23): eadu1998., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256186091971949208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=30, rfOrder=30, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=STIXRUDE L. Structure of iron to 1 Gbar and 40 000 K [J]. Physical Review Letters, 2012, 108(5): 055505., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256186092055835290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=31, rfOrder=31, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DAVIES C J, POZZO M, ALFÈ D. Assessing the inner core nucleation paradox with atomic-scale simulations [J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2019, 507: 1–9., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256186092152304284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=32, rfOrder=32, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG W J, LIU Z Y, LIU Z L, et al. Melting curves and entropy of melting of iron under Earth’s core conditions [J]. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 2015, 244: 69–77., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256186092294910622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=33, rfOrder=33, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BELONOSHKO A B, FU J, SMIRNOV G. Free energies of iron phases at high pressure and temperature: molecular dynamics study [J]. Physical Review B, 2021, 104(10): 104103., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256186092370408096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=34, rfOrder=34, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SUN Y, ZHANG F, MENDELEV M I, et al. Two-step nucleation of the Earth’s inner core [J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2022, 119(2): e2113059119., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256186092492042915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=35, rfOrder=35, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GAO C, HO K M, WENTZCOVITCH R M, et al. Understanding the two-step nucleation of iron at Earth’s inner core conditions: a comparative molecular dynamics study [J]. Physical Review B, 2025, 111(13): 134104., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256186092613677732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=36, rfOrder=36, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FINNIS M W, SINCLAIR J E. A simple empirical N-body potential for transition metals [J]. Philosophical Magazine A, 1984, 50(1): 45–55., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256186092705952420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=37, rfOrder=37, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MENDELEV M I, SROLOVITZ D J. Determination of alloy interatomic potentials from liquid-state diffraction data [J]. Physical Review B, 2002, 66(1): 014205., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256186092903084710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=38, rfOrder=38, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=THOMPSON A P, AKTULGA H M, BERGER R, et al. LAMMPS—a flexible simulation tool for particle-based materials modeling at the atomic, meso, and continuum scales [J]. Computer Physics Communications, 2022, 271: 108171., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256186092999553704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=39, rfOrder=39, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HOOVER W G. Canonical dynamics: equilibrium phase-space distributions [J]. Physical Review A, 1985, 31(3): 1695–1697., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256186093234434730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=40, rfOrder=40, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KRESSE G, FURTHMÜLLER J. Efficient iterative schemes for ab initio total-energy calculations using a plane-wave basis set [J]. Physical Review B, 1996, 54(16): 11169–11186., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256186093930689196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=41, rfOrder=41, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MERMIN N D. Thermal properties of the inhomogeneous electron gas [J]. Physical Review Journals Archive, 1965, 137(5A): A1441–A1443., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256186094148793006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=42, rfOrder=42, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WENTZCOVITCH R M, MARTINS J L, ALLEN P B. Energy versus free-energy conservation in first-principles molecular dynamics [J]. Physical Review B, 1992, 45(19): 11372–11374., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256186094236873392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=43, rfOrder=43, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MORRIS J R, WANG C Z, HO K M, et al. Melting line of aluminum from simulations of coexisting phases [J]. Physical Review B, 1994, 49(5): 3109–3115., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256186094392062642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=44, rfOrder=44, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CLAVIER G, DESBIENS N, BOURASSEAU E, et al. Computation of elastic constants of solids using molecular simulation: comparison of constant volume and constant pressure ensemble methods [J]. Molecular Simulation, 2017, 43(17): 1413–1422., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256186094551446195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=45, rfOrder=45, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=STURGEON J B, LAIRD B B. Adjusting the melting point of a model system via Gibbs-Duhem integration: application to a model of aluminum [J]. Physical Review B, 2000, 62(22): 14720–14727., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256186094769550006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=46, rfOrder=46, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WEI L R, SUN Y. Incorporating Gibbs free energy into interatomic potential fitting [J]. Physical Review B, 2026, 113(9): 094103., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256186095138648761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=47, rfOrder=47, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WU F L, WU S Q, WANG C Z, et al. Melting temperature of iron under the Earth’s inner core condition from deep machine learning [J]. Geoscience Frontiers, 2024, 15(6): 101925., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256186095314809531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=48, rfOrder=48, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Z, SCANDOLO S. Competing phases of iron at Earth’s core conditions from deep-learning-aided ab-initio simulations [J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2024, 51(19): e2024GL110357., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256186095402889917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=49, rfOrder=49, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YUAN L, STEINLE-NEUMANN G. Hydrogen distribution between the Earth’s inner and outer core [J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2023, 609: 118084., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256186095579050687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=50, rfOrder=50, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Z G, CSÁNYI G, ALFÈ D. Partitioning of sulfur between solid and liquid iron under Earth’s core conditions: constraints from atomistic simulations with machine learning potentials [J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2020, 291: 5–18., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256186095671325376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=51, rfOrder=51, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FANG Y M, SUN Y, WANG R H, et al. Structural prediction of Fe-Mg-O compounds at super-Earth’s pressures [J]. Physical Review Materials, 2023, 7(11): 113602., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256186095860069057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=52, rfOrder=52, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FANG Y M, SUN Y, WANG R H, et al. Unconventional iron-magnesium compounds at terapascal pressures [J]. Physical Review B, 2021, 104(14): 144109., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1256186096032035523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=53, rfOrder=53, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHENG F, SUN Y, WANG R H, et al. Structure and motifs of iron oxides from 1 to 3 TPa [J]. Physical Review Materials, 2022, 6(4): 043602., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1256186077946196490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1256186077958779403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, companyId=1256186077946196490, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1256186077971362316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, companyId=1256186077946196490, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=厦门大学物理科学与技术学院, 福建 厦门 361005)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1256186083788862022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Elastic constants for BCC and HCP phases, figureFileSmall=pwKjl0T+jd2Qm0eL8pLGXQ==, figureFileBig=gqgURe/3DOU3t+H4qBsmXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256186084397036104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, language=CN, label=图1, caption=BCC相和HCP相的弹性常数, figureFileSmall=pwKjl0T+jd2Qm0eL8pLGXQ==, figureFileBig=gqgURe/3DOU3t+H4qBsmXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256186084824855114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Liquid radial distribution function, figureFileSmall=9NZvCdtdA0VsPCnarMV54Q==, figureFileBig=OmIx1d1tRj7qUFDsuS4cbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256186085009404493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, language=CN, label=图2, caption=液相g(r), figureFileSmall=9NZvCdtdA0VsPCnarMV54Q==, figureFileBig=OmIx1d1tRj7qUFDsuS4cbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256186085336560207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Melting temperature lines of iron, figureFileSmall=r9VUs60hzZMWqoF+puHvGg==, figureFileBig=93UfA2UeEJFjTz+nTPO86A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256186085646938705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, language=CN, label=图3, caption=铁的熔化曲线, figureFileSmall=r9VUs60hzZMWqoF+puHvGg==, figureFileBig=93UfA2UeEJFjTz+nTPO86A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256186085957317203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Lattice constants and equilibrium pressures of BCC and HCP phases from ab initio simulations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
PhaseT/Kp/GPaaPhaseT/Kp/GPaac
BCC60003962.37HCP60003502.153.42
85006652.2785006712.033.25
1000010782.161000010001.953.14
), ArticleFig(id=1256186086192198228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

第一性原理模拟得到的BCC相和HCP相的晶格常数和平衡压强

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
PhaseT/Kp/GPaaPhaseT/Kp/GPaac
BCC60003962.37HCP60003502.153.42
85006652.2785006712.033.25
1000010782.161000010001.953.14
), ArticleFig(id=1256186086414496343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Elastic constants for BCC and HCP phases from ab initio simulations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
PhaseT/Kp/GPaC11/GPaC12/GPaC13/GPaC33/GPaC44/GPa
BCC600039614621462331
850066521462146457
10000107832433337667
HCP60003501571117310424134211
85006712639215817672886318
1000010003407315124271882488
), ArticleFig(id=1256186086817149529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

第一性原理模拟得到的BCC相和HCP相的弹性常数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
PhaseT/Kp/GPaC11/GPaC12/GPaC13/GPaC33/GPaC44/GPa
BCC600039614621462331
850066521462146457
10000107832433337667
HCP60003501571117310424134211
85006712639215817672886318
1000010003407315124271882488
), ArticleFig(id=1256186087064613466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Liquid densities and equilibrium pressures from ab initio simulations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
T/Kp/GPaDensity/(g·cm−3)
600036013.441
850059615.202
1000095817.428
), ArticleFig(id=1256186087211414108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

第一性原理模拟得到的液相密度和平衡压强

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
T/Kp/GPaDensity/(g·cm−3)
600036013.441
850059615.202
1000095817.428
), ArticleFig(id=1256186087370797662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Melting temperatures of HCP phase at different pressures from experiment[17]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
p/GPa $ T_{\mathrm{m}}^{\text{hcp}} $/K
3606503
5848342
99011027
), ArticleFig(id=1256186087479849567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186035042660353, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

实验[17]得到的HCP相在不同压强下的熔点

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
p/GPa $ T_{\mathrm{m}}^{\text{hcp}} $/K
3606503
5848342
99011027
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1255846718311514113, delFlag=0, nameCn=高压物理学报, nameEn=Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1000-5773, eissn=null, cn=51-1147/O4, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=KWePOcsfwWv2cMGG6VIsRw==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1777346790154, updatedTime=1777347894191, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=C, firstLetterEn=C, subjectCode=Natural Sciences, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Natural Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=KWePOcsfwWv2cMGG6VIsRw==, picEn=yfL33fksqTlch2QW39glNg==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1255851349099536717, language=CN, name=高压物理学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1777347894215, updatedTime=1777347894215, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://gywlxbauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/, submissionEditorUrl=https://gywlxbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/, submissionReviewUrl=https://gywlxbauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1255851349154062670, language=EN, name=Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1777347894228, updatedTime=1777347894228, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://gywlxbauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/, submissionEditorUrl=https://gywlxbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/, submissionReviewUrl=https://gywlxbauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1255847867265597444, websiteList=[Website(id=1255847989789208939, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1255847867265597444, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gywlxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1777347093294, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1777347319285, updateBy=18614031015, name=高压物理学报-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=高压物理学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1255849119986364878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1255847989789208939, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1777347362753, updateTime=1777347362753, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1255849119952810443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1255847989789208939, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1777347362745, updateTime=1777347362745, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1255849120045085137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1255847989789208939, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1777347362767, updateTime=1777347362767, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1255849119944421834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1255847989789208939, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gywlxb/CN/file/pic?fileId=5J9nsSD+WX0mc+nIBFk2Hg==, createTime=1777347362743, updateTime=1777347362743, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1255849120368046547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1255847989789208939, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1777347362844, updateTime=1777347362844, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1255849119973781965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1255847989789208939, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gywlxb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1777347362750, updateTime=1777347362750, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1255849120347075026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1255847989789208939, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1777347362839, updateTime=1777347362839, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1255849119965393356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1255847989789208939, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1777347362748, updateTime=1777347362748, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1255849120007336399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1255847989789208939, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1777347362758, updateTime=1777347362758, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1255849120019919312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1255847989789208939, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1777347362761, updateTime=1777347362761, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1255847989940203908, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1255847867265597444, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gywlxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1777347093329, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1777347316256, updateBy=18614031015, name=高压物理学报-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1255849089909010882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1255847989940203908, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1777347355582, updateTime=1777347355582, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1255849089871262143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1255847989940203908, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1777347355573, updateTime=1777347355573, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1255849089934176709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1255847989940203908, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1777347355588, updateTime=1777347355588, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1255849089858679230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1255847989940203908, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gywlxb/EN/file/pic?fileId=5J9nsSD+WX0mc+nIBFk2Hg==, createTime=1777347355570, updateTime=1777347355570, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1255849089950953927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1255847989940203908, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1777347355592, updateTime=1777347355592, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1255849089888039361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1255847989940203908, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gywlxb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1777347355577, updateTime=1777347355577, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1255849089942565318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1255847989940203908, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1777347355590, updateTime=1777347355590, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1255849089879650752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1255847989940203908, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1777347355575, updateTime=1777347355575, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1255849089917399491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1255847989940203908, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1777347355584, updateTime=1777347355584, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1255849089925788100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1255847989940203908, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1777347355586, updateTime=1777347355586, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=高压物理学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://www.gywlxb.cn, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, journalPhotoCn=KWePOcsfwWv2cMGG6VIsRw==, journalPhotoEn=yfL33fksqTlch2QW39glNg==, journalFirstLetter=C, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gywlxb/CN/10.11858/gywlxb.20251251, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gywlxb/EN/10.11858/gywlxb.20251251, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gywlxb/CN/PDF/10.11858/gywlxb.20251251, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gywlxb/EN/PDF/10.11858/gywlxb.20251251, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
极端条件下铁的相互作用势
收藏切换
PDF下载
魏良睿 , 孙阳 *
高压物理学报 | 优秀青年专辑 2026,40(4): 040105-1-040105-9
收起
收藏切换
高压物理学报 | 优秀青年专辑 2026, 40(4): 040105-1-040105-9
极端条件下铁的相互作用势
全屏
魏良睿 , 孙阳*
作者信息
  • 厦门大学物理科学与技术学院, 福建 厦门 361005
  • 魏良睿(2002-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事地核下富铁固溶体相图研究. E-mail:

通讯作者:

孙 阳(1990-),男,博士,教授,主要从事极端条件下物性与相变研究. E-mail:
Interatomic Potentials for Iron under Extreme Conditions
Liangrui WEI , Yang SUN*
Affiliations
  • Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
出版时间: 2026-04-05 doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20251251
文章导航
收藏切换

铁在极端高温高压条件下的物理性质对于理解地球及类地行星内部结构和演化过程具有重要意义。为了刻画铁在超级地球内部极端条件下的动力学行为,结合第一性原理分子动力学模拟与实验测定的高压熔化曲线,构建了一套适用于超高压力与高温范围的嵌入式原子势函数。该势函数拟合了体心立方相、密排六方相和液相在400 GPa~1 TPa、600010000 K下的多项物理性质,包括固态的弹性常数、液态的径向分布函数,以及实验获得的熔化曲线。在不同温压条件下对该势函数进行了系统检验,结果表明:其能够准确再现固态弹性常数与压力及温度的依赖关系;在3组典型温压点上与液相径向分布函数一致;预测的熔化曲线处于实验误差范围内,并且与第一性原理模拟结果基本吻合。基于该势函数的热力学计算进一步表明,在400 GPa~1 TPa压力区间内,铁的密排六方相保持热力学稳定,而体心立方相呈亚稳态。该势函数为大尺度模拟超级地球核心的形核结晶与固液共存提供了可靠的原子级工具;同时,该势函数与数据集为后续扩展多组分铁合金在超高压条件下的物性研究奠定了基础。

铁  /  高温高压  /  嵌入原子方法  /  熔化曲线  /  分子动力学

The physical properties of iron under extreme high-pressure and high-temperature conditions are crucial for understanding the internal structure and evolutionary processes of Earth and terrestrial planets. To characterize the dynamic behavior of iron under the extreme conditions inside super-Earths, we combine first-principles molecular dynamics simulations with experimentally measured high-pressure melting curves to construct an embedded-atom potential applicable across ultra-high pressures and temperatures. This potential is fitted to multiple properties of the body-centered cubic (BCC), hexagonal close-packed (HCP), and liquid phases over 400 GPa to 1 TPa and 6000 to 10000 K, including the elastic constants of the solid phases, the radial distribution functions of the liquid, and experimentally determined melting data. We systematically validate the potential across different pressure-temperature conditions and found that it accurately reproduces the pressure and temperature dependence of solid elastic constants, and matches liquid radial distribution functions at three representative pressure-temperature conditions. Moreover, it predicts melting curves that lie within experimental uncertainties and agree well with previous first-principles simulations. Thermodynamic calculations based on this potential further show that the HCP phase remains thermodynamically stable between 400 GPa and 1 TPa, while the BCC phase is metastable. This potential provides a reliable atomistic tool for large-scale simulations of nucleation, crystallization, and solid-liquid coexistence in the cores of super-Earths. Moreover, the potential and associated dataset lay the groundwork for future extensions to multicomponent Fe alloys and their properties under ultra-high-pressure conditions.

iron  /  high temperature and high pressure  /  embedded atom method  /  melting curve  /  molecular dynamics
魏良睿, 孙阳. 极端条件下铁的相互作用势. 高压物理学报, 2026 , 40 (4) : 040105-1 -040105-9 . DOI: 10.11858/gywlxb.20251251
Liangrui WEI, Yang SUN. Interatomic Potentials for Iron under Extreme Conditions[J]. Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, 2026 , 40 (4) : 040105-1 -040105-9 . DOI: 10.11858/gywlxb.20251251
铁是地球及类地行星核心的主要成分,其在高温高压条件下的物理性质对于理解行星内部结构、热演化过程以及磁场的长期维系具有重要意义。地核的固液状态与铁的物性密切相关。现有地球物理与高压物理研究表明,核幔边界处的压强为136 GPa[1],温度约为3000~4000 K[2]。自核幔边界向深部延伸,温度和压强递增,在内核边界处,压强达到329 GPa[1],温度可达5000~7000 K[3]。在该温压范围内,内核边界外侧物质为液态,而内侧物质为固态,因此,内核边界的固液状态受铁合金液相线的严格约束。随着系外行星观测数据的迅速积累[4],特别是大量质量高于地球的“超级地球”相继被发现,太帕级压力条件下铁的热力学和动力学行为研究已成为行星科学中的前沿课题。深入认识铁在极端条件下的熔化和相变,不仅有助于解释地球及其他岩质行星核心的结构特征[58],也为理解其磁场演化机制和宜居性提供了关键线索[910]
目前,对极端高压下铁的热力学行为研究主要依赖实验与计算模拟两类方法。一方面,在极高压条件下进行实验测量仍具有挑战性[1116],直至近年,才首次在接近1 TPa的实验条件下获得铁的熔化曲线[17]。另一方面,基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理分子动力学模拟能够精确地描述铁在极端条件下的热力学性质[1830],但其计算代价高昂,难以覆盖行星内部演化所需的长时间和大空间尺度。相比之下,基于原子相互作用势函数的经典分子动力学能够模拟更大的体系和更长的时间[3135],但其准确性取决于势函数对原子相互作用的刻画能力。因此,构建能够在超高压高温环境下精确描述铁原子间相互作用的势函数,是连接原子尺度模拟与行星尺度动力学演化模型的关键环节。
本研究结合第一性原理计算得到的高温高压热力学数据以及最新实验测得的铁熔化曲线,开发适用于400 GPa~1 TPa压力范围的原子势函数;通过同时拟合固相弹性常数、液相径向分布函数以及实验熔点数据构建势函数,由此开展固、液两相中的分子动力学模拟,并与第一性原理计算结果和实验结果进行对比,以期为进一步模拟超级地球内核的结晶过程、固-液相变以及内核对流演化等提供可靠的原子尺度基础。
使用嵌入原子方法(embedded atom method, EAM)描述铁原子的相互作用[36]。嵌入原子势中的总能量U可分为成对相互作用能和嵌入式原子能
$ U=\sum \limits_{i}^{N}\sum \limits_{j=i+1}^{N}\varphi ({r}_{ij})+\sum \limits_{i}^{N}F\left({\rho }_{i}\right) $
式中:N为总原子数;$ {r}_{ij} $为原子间距离;$ {\rho }_{i} $为原子i处的局域电荷密度;F为嵌入原子能,是局域电子密度的函数。采用如下分段多项式函数[37]表达$ \varphi \mathrm{、}\rho $$ F $
$ \varphi\left(r\right)=\sum \limits_{k=1}^{n_a}a_k\left(r_k-r\right)^{p_k}H\left(r_k-r\right)H(r_{\rm{c}}-r) $
$ F\left(\rho \right)=-\sqrt{\rho }+\sum \limits_{k=1}^{{n}_{b}}{b}_{k}{\left(\rho -{\rho }_{k}\right)}^{{{q}_{k}}}H\left(\rho -{\rho }_{k}\right) $
$ \rho=c\left(r-r_{\rm{c}}\right)^d\exp\left(-kr\right)H\left(r_{\rm{c}}-r\right) $
式中:$ H(x) $为亥维赛阶梯函数,当$ x $非负时取1,否则取零;$ {\left({r}_{k}-r\right)}^{{{p}_{k}}}H({r}_{k}-r)H({r}_{\rm c}-r) $$ {\left(\rho -{\rho }_{k}\right)}^{{{q}_{k}}}H(\rho -{\rho }_{k}) $分别作为成对项和嵌入项的基函数;$ {n}_{a} $$ {n}_{b} $分别为成对相互作用能和嵌入原子能中的基函数的数量;$ {a}_{k} $$ {b}_{k} $分别为成对项和嵌入项的权重参数;$ {r}_{\rm c} $为势函数的截断长度;电荷密度参数c=0.0291063、d=4、k=0.25。在拟合过程中,电荷密度参数$ c\mathrm{、}{r}_{\rm c}\mathrm{、}d\mathrm{、}k $保持不变,因此,可以调节的参数只包含成对相互作用能和嵌入原子能中的权重参数。定义参数集$ \boldsymbol{X} $
$ \boldsymbol{X}=\left({a}_{1},{a}_{2},\cdots {,a}_{k},{b}_{1},\cdots {,b}_{k}\right) $
同样地,定义基函数集$ {{{\boldsymbol{\varPhi}} }} $
$ {{{\boldsymbol{\varPhi}} }}={\left({\varphi }_{1},{\varphi }_{2},\cdots {,\varphi }_{k},{F}_{1},\cdots {,F}_{k}\right)}^{\mathrm{T}} $
式中:$ {\varphi }_{k}={\left({r}_{k}-r\right)}^{{{p}_{k}}}H({r}_{k}-r)H({r}_{\rm c}-r) $,且$ {F}_{k}={\left(\rho -{\rho }_{k}\right)}^{{{p}_{k}}}H(\rho -{\rho }_{k}) $。因此,总能量也可以写成基函数关于权重的求和
$ U={{\boldsymbol{X}}}{{{\boldsymbol{\varPhi}} }} $
采用LAMMPS软件[38]进行经典分子动力学模拟。在恒定原子数、体积和温度(NVT)模拟中使用了Nosé-Hoover恒温器[39]。在恒压(NPT)系综下同时使用Nosé-Hoover恒温器和恒压器。恒温器中的阻尼时间τ设置为0.01 ps, 模拟时间步长为1.0 fs。在计算弹性常数时,施加形变前后均进行了10 ps的分子动力学模拟。在熔点计算中,两相共存体系的模拟时长超过100 ps。
在极端高温高压条件下,采用 VASP 软件对铁的体心立方(body-centered cubic,BCC)相、密排六方(hexagonal close-packed,HCP)相以及液态结构进行第一性原理分子动力学模拟(ab initio molecular dynamics, AIMD)[40]。电子-离子相互作用使用投影缀加波(projector augmented wave, PAW)方法处理,交换-相关能采用 Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE)形式的广义梯度近似(generalized gradient approximation, GGA)。高温下的电子熵通过 Mermin 形式的有限温度密度泛函理论进行描述[4142],电子温度与离子温度保持一致。使用包含16个价电子($ 3{\mathrm{s}}^{2}3{\mathrm{p}}^{6}3{\mathrm{d}}^{7}4{\mathrm{s}}^{1} $)的PAW16势来模拟高温高压下铁原子的相互作用,平面波截断能取750 eV。分别使用250、240、125个原子的超胞来模拟BCC相、HCP相和液相。在第一性原理计算中,使用$ \mathit{\Gamma } $点采样布里渊区。第一性原理分子动力学模拟的时间步长为1.0 fs,计算弹性常数时,对形变前后的晶胞进行了10 ps模拟。
在经典分子动力学框架下,通过固液共存模拟[43]可以得到熔点。采用应力-应变法[44]计算晶相的弹性常数。使用Sturgeon等[45]提出的方法进行熔点拟合。
首先,收集了铁在极高压条件下的一系列物理性质作为势函数的拟合目标。为确保势函数能够正确反映BCC相与HCP相的动力学稳定性,对高温高压条件下固体相的弹性常数进行了拟合。由于目前尚缺乏太帕级压力下铁弹性常数的直接实验数据,因此,采用第一性原理分子动力学模拟来获取对应条件下的弹性常数。
具体而言,在给定晶格常数的超胞上进行NVT系综下的模拟。表1表2分别列出了BCC相和HCP相晶体所采用的晶格常数、模拟温度及相应超胞达到的平衡压强。对于HCP相,p=350 GPa时的晶格常数取自基于地核条件的第一性原理研究[34],而 p=671 GPa和 p=1 TPa时的晶格常数来源于最新实验测量结果[17]。如表1所示,第一性原理分子动力学模拟的压强范围从接近地核内部压强(约400 GPa)延伸至1 TPa。
为确定BCC相与HCP相的弹性常数,将超胞沿xx方向施加拉伸形变,形变量可写成$ \Delta {l}_{xx}=\varepsilon {l}_{xx,0} $,其中,$ \varepsilon =0.01 $xx方向的应变,$ {l}_{xx,0} $为晶胞在xx方向的初始长度。随后,对形变后的结构进行第一性原理分子动力学模拟,计算形变前后体系的应力张量。根据形变前、后的应力变化计算弹性常数,其公式为
$ {C}_{11}=-\frac{{p}_{xx}-{p}_{xx,0}}{\varepsilon } $
$ {C}_{12}=-\frac{{p}_{yy}-{p}_{yy,0}}{\varepsilon } $
$ {C}_{13}=-\frac{{p}_{\textit{zz}}-{p}_{\textit{zz},0}}{\varepsilon } $
式中:$ {p}_{xx,0} $$ {p}_{yy,0} $$ {p}_{\textit{zz},0} $分别为xxyyzz方向的平衡压强,$ {p}_{xx} $$ {p}_{yy} $$ {p}_{\textit{zz}} $分别为施加形变后的压强。
对于BCC相,根据晶体对称性,可得$ {C}_{12}={C}_{13} $;对于HCP相,$ {C}_{11} $$ {C}_{12} $$ {C}_{13} $是相互独立的弹性常数。采用相同的方法,对BCC结构施加yz方向的形变以计算$ {C}_{44} $,对HCP结构施加yzzz方向的形变以计算$ {C}_{33} $$ {C}_{44} $。通过上述方法得到的BCC相和HCP相的弹性常数列于表2
本研究不仅关注超级地球内部条件下铁的固态性质,还需要考察其构成外核的液态铁的结构与密度特征,因此,在势函数构建中引入对液相的约束是必要的。为此,开展了液态铁的第一性原理分子动力学模拟,模拟涵盖3组不同的温度-密度条件,表3列出了相应的体系平衡压力。与此同时,计算了在这些密度条件下液态铁的径向分布函数g(r)。g(r)定义为以某一原子为中心,在距其r处找到其他原子的相对概率密度,反映原子间的成对关联特征。采用文献[37]的方法拟合g(r)。该方法基于统计物理理论计算无序液体中的平均力$ F(r) $,并利用$ F(r)={k}_{\rm B}T{\rm{d}}\,{\rm {ln}}g(r)/{\rm d}r $的热力学关系(kB为波尔兹曼常数),将目标g(r)与由试探势函数产生的原子构型的平均力相关联,进而将势函数参数拟合转化为线性最小二乘问题,从而利用迭代算法得到与目标g(r)自洽的势函数参数,即试探势函数→分子动力学计算g(r)→平均力方程更新势函数参数→下一代试探势函数,直至误差收敛。
为了同时刻画固相与液相之间的竞争行为,在势函数拟合中加入了实验测得的HCP相熔化曲线[17]作为约束。选取360、584和990 GPa处的熔点作为拟合目标,各压强下纯铁的熔点($ T_{\mathrm{m}}^{\text{hcp}} $)数据取自实验给出的熔化曲线,其数值列于表4
首先,基于第一性原理分子动力学得到的固相弹性常数和液态径向分布函数构建初始版本的原子势函数。然后,在此基础上,将实验熔点数据引入拟合目标中进行迭代优化。通过势函数迭代优化流程[37, 46],在第n轮迭代中,设参数集为$ {\boldsymbol{X}}_{{n}} $,用当前势函数$ U({\boldsymbol{X}}_{{n}}) $进行分子动力学模拟,计算需要拟合的各种性质,如弹性常数、液体径向分布函数和熔点,根据计算得到的热力学性质和迭代方程$ {\boldsymbol{X}}_{n+1}={\boldsymbol{X}}_{n}-\dfrac{P\left({\boldsymbol{X}}_{n}\right)-{P}_{\text{target}}}{\nabla P\left({\boldsymbol{X}}_{n}\right)} $更新参数$ {\boldsymbol{X}}_{{n}}\rightarrow {\boldsymbol{X}}_{{n+1}} $(其中,$ {P}_{\text{target}} $为目标性质,$ P\left({\boldsymbol{X}}_{n}\right) $为当前势函数热力学性质,$ \nabla P\left({\boldsymbol{X}}_{n}\right) $为热力学性质关于势函数参数的导数)重复迭代以上过程,直到势函数的性质与目标性质符合得较好。
在计算固相弹性常数时,分别使用包含2000和1920个原子的超胞模拟BCC相和HCP相。液相g(r)的计算采用包含6750个原子的超胞。在固-液共存模拟中,分别使用包含65520个原子的HCP相-液相固液共存超胞和包含64000个原子的BCC相-液相固液共存超胞,使用NPT系综模拟测定熔点。重复上述迭代步骤,直至各项性质均收敛并保持稳定,最终获得了性能良好的原子势函数。
图1给出了BCC相和HCP相的弹性常数。BCC相有2个独立的弹性常数$ {C}_{11} $$ {C}_{12} $。HCP相有3个弹性常数$ {C}_{11} $$ {C}_{12} $$ {C}_{13} $。HCP相和BCC相的$ {C}_{11} $$ {C}_{12} $与第一性原理分子动力学模拟结果吻合良好。EAM势在弹性常数上的优良表现表明,其能够较好地刻画BCC相和HCP相的力学稳定性。
随后,检验了所构建的势函数对液相结构的刻画能力。图2 给出了在3组温压条件下由 EAM 势计算得到的液相g(r)与第一性原理分子动力学模拟结果的对比。可以看出,在各温压下,两者在峰位与峰高变化趋势上均具有良好的一致性,并且均方根误差(root mean square error,RMSE)均小于0.04,说明该势函数能够正确再现液态铁的局域结构特征。由于液相g(r)直接反映原子对之间的相互作用信息[37],因此,上述结果表明,所构建的EAM势在400~1000 GPa压力范围内能够可靠地描述铁原子间的相互作用。
进一步检验EAM势函数对于熔点的描述。图3给出了HCP相的熔化曲线,并与实验测量的熔化温度[17]以及基于密度泛函理论(density functional theory,DFT)的计算结果[21, 30]进行对比。可以看出,本研究的熔化曲线在实验误差范围内与实验结果吻合得很好。为表征熔点随压强的变化关系,采用 Simon方程$ {T}_{\mathrm{m}}={T}_{0}{\left(1+\dfrac{p-{p}_{0}}{A}\right)}^{B} $进行拟合,其中:AB为拟合参数,T0p0为熔点曲线参考点,p0=360 GPa,T0=6546 K。拟合得到的HCP相熔点方程为
$ {T}_{\mathrm{m}}=6\,546{\left(1+\frac{p-360.0}{227.133}\right)}^{0.378} $
式中:Tm的单位为K,p的单位为GPa。
基于构建的原子势函数,预测了BCC相在极高压条件下的熔化曲线。如图3 所示,在400 GPa~1 TPa压力范围内,HCP相始终具有最高的熔点,表明HCP相在该压力范围内仍为最稳定晶相。这一结果与Stixrude[30]及Bouchet等[20]的第一性原理计算结果在定性上保持一致。此外,尽管BCC相在该压力范围内处于亚稳态,但其力学稳定性仍然较好。
本研究构建的势函数可进一步用于探索超级地球核心条件下可能发生的形核过程[35],为理解极端条件下的结晶机制提供原子尺度手段。此外,本工作中所产生的第一性原理数据可作为高质量训练集,用于构建深度学习势函数[4750],以对铁的相互作用进行更高精度的描述。本势函数及其建模流程可推广至包含Ni、O、S、Si、H、Mg 等轻元素的多组分铁合金体系[5153],为多相、多组分行星核物质在太帕级压力下的结构、相变及动力学研究提供方法学基础。
基于第一性原理分子动力学计算与高压熔化实验数据,构建了一个适用于极高压强范围的大尺度铁原子作用势函数,通过将BCC相和HCP相的弹性常数、液相g(r)以及HCP相熔化曲线共同纳入拟合,使得所开发的势函数在结构、力学和热力学性质上均与第一性原理计算及实验结果保持良好的一致性。该势函数能够准确再现极高压下固态铁的弹性常数,可靠描述6000~10000 K、400 GPa~1 TPa高温高压下的液态结构,并在固-液共存模拟中给出与实验相符的熔化曲线。基于势函数预测了铁在400 GPa~1 TPa区间内保持HCP相的热力学稳定性和BCC相的亚稳性。本研究建立的势函数为探究超级地球核心中铁的形核与结晶提供了有效的原子尺度模拟工具,并为进一步扩展至多组分行星核体系深部物质在超高压条件下的结构与演化机制奠定了基础。
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
1
DZIEWONSKI A M, ANDERSON D L. Preliminary reference Earth model [J]. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 1981, 25(4): 297–356.
2
FIQUET G, AUZENDE A L, SIEBERT J, et al. Melting of peridotite to 140 Gigapascals [J]. Science, 2010, 329(5998): 1516–1518.
3
ALFÈ D, GILLAN M J, PRICE G D. Temperature and composition of the Earth’s core [J]. Contemporary Physics, 2007, 48(2): 63–80.
4
KANE S R, HILL M L, KASTING J F, et al. A catalog of KEPLER habitable zone exoplanet candidates [J]. The Astrophysical Journal, 2016, 830(1): 1.
5
HIROSE K, LABROSSE S, HERNLUND J. Composition and state of the core [J]. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 2013, 41: 657–691.
6
MORARD G, ANDRAULT D, ANTONANGELI D, et al. Properties of iron alloys under the Earth’s core conditions [J]. Comptes Rendus Geoscience, 2014, 346(5/6): 130–139.
7
HIROSE K, WOOD B, VOČADLO L. Light elements in the Earth’s core [J]. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, 2021, 2(9): 645–658.
8
高宸, HO K M, 孙阳. 地核物质成分、结构与形核研究进展 [J]. 矿物岩石地球化学通报, 2025, 44(1): 94–115.
GAO C, HO K M, SUN Y. Progress in the study of the composition, structure and nucleation of the Earth’s core [J]. Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, 2025, 44(1): 94–115.
9
ELKINS-TANTON L. What makes a habitable planet? [J]. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 2013, 94(16): 149–150.
10
DEHANT V, LAMMER H, KULIKOV Y N, et al. Planetary magnetic dynamo effect on atmospheric protection of early Earth and Mars [J]. Space Science Reviews, 2007, 129(1): 279–300.
11
ANZELLINI S, DEWAELE A, MEZOUAR M, et al. Melting of iron at Earth’s inner core boundary based on fast X-ray diffraction [J]. Science, 2013, 340(6131): 464–466.
12
ZHANG Y J, WANG Y, HUANG Y Q, et al. Collective motion in hcp-Fe at Earth’s inner core conditions [J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2023, 120(41): e2309952120.
13
LI J, WU Q, LI J B, et al. Shock melting curve of iron: a consensus on the temperature at the Earth’s inner core boundary [J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2020, 47(15): e2020GL087758.
14
TURNEAURE S J, SHARMA S M, GUPTA Y M. Crystal structure and melting of Fe shock compressed to 273 GPa: in situ X-ray diffraction [J]. Physical Review Letters, 2020, 125(21): 215702.
15
ZHANG D Z, JACKSON J M, ZHAO J Y, et al. Temperature of Earth’s core constrained from melting of Fe and Fe0.9Ni0.1 at high pressures [J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2016, 447: 72–83.
16
LIU J, SUN Y, LV C J, et al. Iron-rich Fe-O compounds at Earth’s core pressures [J]. The Innovation, 2023, 4(1): 100354.
17
KRAUS R G, HEMLEY R J, ALI S J, et al. Measuring the melting curve of iron at super-Earth core conditions [J]. Science, 2022, 375(6577): 202–205.
18
SUN T, BRODHOLT J P, LI Y G, et al. Melting properties from ab initio free energy calculations: iron at the Earth’s inner-core boundary [J]. Physical Review B, 2018, 98(22): 224301.
19
SUN Y, MENDELEV M I, ZHANG F, et al. Ab initio melting temperatures of bcc and hcp iron under the Earth’s inner core condition [J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2023, 50(5): e2022GL102447.
20
BOUCHET J, MAZEVET S, MORARD G, et al. Ab initio equation of state of iron up to 1500 GPa [J]. Physical Review B, 2013, 87(9): 094102.
21
GONZÁLEZ-CATALDO F, MILITZER B. Ab initio determination of iron melting at terapascal pressures and super-Earths core crystallization [J]. Physical Review Research, 2023, 5(3): 033194.
22
SUN Y, MENDELEV M I, ZHANG F, et al. Unveiling the effect of Ni on the formation and structure of Earth’s inner core [J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2024, 121(4): e2316477121.
23
ZHANG Z, SUN Y, WENTZCOVITCH R M. PBE-GGA predicts the B8↔B2 phase boundary of FeO at Earth’s core conditions [J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2023, 120(28): e2304726120.
24
ALFÈ D. Temperature of the inner-core boundary of the Earth: melting of iron at high pressure from first-principles coexistence simulations [J]. Physical Review B, 2009, 79(6): 060101.
25
POZZO M, DAVIES C, GUBBINS D, et al. Thermal and electrical conductivity of iron at Earth’s core conditions [J]. Nature, 2012, 485(7398): 355–358.
26
LI Y G, VOČADLO L, SUN T, et al. The Earth’s core as a reservoir of water [J]. Nature Geoscience, 2020, 13(6): 453–458.
27
WU Z Q, WANG W Z. Shear softening of Earth’s inner core as indicated by its high Poisson ratio and elastic anisotropy [J]. Fundamental Research, 2025, 5(1): 264–268.
28
HE Y, SUN S C, KIM D Y, et al. Superionic iron alloys and their seismic velocities in Earth’s inner core [J]. Nature, 2022, 602(7896): 258–262.
29
WEI L R, WU Z P, HO K M, et al. The Fe-Ni phase diagram and the Earth’s inner core structure [J]. Science Advances, 2025, 11(23): eadu1998.
30
STIXRUDE L. Structure of iron to 1 Gbar and 40 000 K [J]. Physical Review Letters, 2012, 108(5): 055505.
31
DAVIES C J, POZZO M, ALFÈ D. Assessing the inner core nucleation paradox with atomic-scale simulations [J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2019, 507: 1–9.
32
ZHANG W J, LIU Z Y, LIU Z L, et al. Melting curves and entropy of melting of iron under Earth’s core conditions [J]. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 2015, 244: 69–77.
33
BELONOSHKO A B, FU J, SMIRNOV G. Free energies of iron phases at high pressure and temperature: molecular dynamics study [J]. Physical Review B, 2021, 104(10): 104103.
34
SUN Y, ZHANG F, MENDELEV M I, et al. Two-step nucleation of the Earth’s inner core [J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2022, 119(2): e2113059119.
35
GAO C, HO K M, WENTZCOVITCH R M, et al. Understanding the two-step nucleation of iron at Earth’s inner core conditions: a comparative molecular dynamics study [J]. Physical Review B, 2025, 111(13): 134104.
36
FINNIS M W, SINCLAIR J E. A simple empirical N-body potential for transition metals [J]. Philosophical Magazine A, 1984, 50(1): 45–55.
37
MENDELEV M I, SROLOVITZ D J. Determination of alloy interatomic potentials from liquid-state diffraction data [J]. Physical Review B, 2002, 66(1): 014205.
38
THOMPSON A P, AKTULGA H M, BERGER R, et al. LAMMPS—a flexible simulation tool for particle-based materials modeling at the atomic, meso, and continuum scales [J]. Computer Physics Communications, 2022, 271: 108171.
39
HOOVER W G. Canonical dynamics: equilibrium phase-space distributions [J]. Physical Review A, 1985, 31(3): 1695–1697.
40
KRESSE G, FURTHMÜLLER J. Efficient iterative schemes for ab initio total-energy calculations using a plane-wave basis set [J]. Physical Review B, 1996, 54(16): 11169–11186.
41
MERMIN N D. Thermal properties of the inhomogeneous electron gas [J]. Physical Review Journals Archive, 1965, 137(5A): A1441–A1443.
42
WENTZCOVITCH R M, MARTINS J L, ALLEN P B. Energy versus free-energy conservation in first-principles molecular dynamics [J]. Physical Review B, 1992, 45(19): 11372–11374.
43
MORRIS J R, WANG C Z, HO K M, et al. Melting line of aluminum from simulations of coexisting phases [J]. Physical Review B, 1994, 49(5): 3109–3115.
44
CLAVIER G, DESBIENS N, BOURASSEAU E, et al. Computation of elastic constants of solids using molecular simulation: comparison of constant volume and constant pressure ensemble methods [J]. Molecular Simulation, 2017, 43(17): 1413–1422.
45
STURGEON J B, LAIRD B B. Adjusting the melting point of a model system via Gibbs-Duhem integration: application to a model of aluminum [J]. Physical Review B, 2000, 62(22): 14720–14727.
46
WEI L R, SUN Y. Incorporating Gibbs free energy into interatomic potential fitting [J]. Physical Review B, 2026, 113(9): 094103.
47
WU F L, WU S Q, WANG C Z, et al. Melting temperature of iron under the Earth’s inner core condition from deep machine learning [J]. Geoscience Frontiers, 2024, 15(6): 101925.
48
LI Z, SCANDOLO S. Competing phases of iron at Earth’s core conditions from deep-learning-aided ab-initio simulations [J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2024, 51(19): e2024GL110357.
49
YUAN L, STEINLE-NEUMANN G. Hydrogen distribution between the Earth’s inner and outer core [J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2023, 609: 118084.
50
ZHANG Z G, CSÁNYI G, ALFÈ D. Partitioning of sulfur between solid and liquid iron under Earth’s core conditions: constraints from atomistic simulations with machine learning potentials [J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2020, 291: 5–18.
51
FANG Y M, SUN Y, WANG R H, et al. Structural prediction of Fe-Mg-O compounds at super-Earth’s pressures [J]. Physical Review Materials, 2023, 7(11): 113602.
52
FANG Y M, SUN Y, WANG R H, et al. Unconventional iron-magnesium compounds at terapascal pressures [J]. Physical Review B, 2021, 104(14): 144109.
53
ZHENG F, SUN Y, WANG R H, et al. Structure and motifs of iron oxides from 1 to 3 TPa [J]. Physical Review Materials, 2022, 6(4): 043602.
2026年第40卷第4期
PDF下载
89
36
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20251251
  • 接收时间:2025-11-06
  • 首发时间:2026-04-29
  • 出版时间:2026-04-05
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-06
  • 修回日期:2025-12-22
基金
作者信息
    厦门大学物理科学与技术学院, 福建 厦门 361005

通讯作者:

孙 阳(1990-),男,博士,教授,主要从事极端条件下物性与相变研究. E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gywlxb/CN/10.11858/gywlxb.20251251
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏