Article(id=1256186031662031045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, issueId=1256186027853624275, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11858/gywlxb.20251123, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1751817600000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-07, revisedDate=1755532800000, revisedDateStr=2025-08-19, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1777427688756, onlineDateStr=2026-04-29, pubDate=1775318400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-05, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1777427688756, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1777427688756, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1777427688756, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1256186027853624275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, year='2026', volume='40', issue='4', pageStart='040101-1', pageEnd='045301-13', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1777427687845, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1777427791253, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1256186461888627074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, issueId=1256186027853624275, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1256186461888627075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, issueId=1256186027853624275, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=045101-1, endPage=045101-9, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1256186032949682379, articleId=1256186031662031045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, language=EN, title=Bursting Performance Optimization of Reverse-Arched Bursting Discs Based on Variable Fidelity Surrogate Models, columnId=1256186031087411392, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, columnName=High Pressure Applications, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To address the optimization design problem of the bursting performance of reverse-arched bursting discs (RABDs), a hierarchical Kriging (H-Kriging) surrogate model was constructed based on both high- and low-fidelity finite element analysis results. This model enables the rapid prediction of the burst pressure of RABDs, facilitating the development of a mathematical model for performance optimization and structural improvement. The results show that the H-Kriging surrogate model relating burst pressure to structural parameters based on high- and low-fidelity finite element models can significantly reduce computational cost while accurately predicting the burst pressure of RABDs. For the initial structural design scheme of RABDs, optimization was carried out using a genetic algorithm, with the optimized design accounting for manufacturing tolerance in disc thickness. This resulted in a 58.8% reduction in burst pressure fluctuation, significantly reducing the sensitivity of burst pressure to thickness manufacturing errors and providing valuable engineering reference.

, correspAuthors=Weiqiang PU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yaowen YU, Hao LIANG, Changhai CHEN, Weiqiang PU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1256186052230898146, articleId=1256186031662031045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, language=CN, title=基于变可信度代理模型技术的反拱爆破片爆破性能优化设计, columnId=1256186031326486722, journalTitle=高压物理学报, columnName=高压科学应用, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

根据反拱爆破片(reverse-arched bursting discs,RABDs)爆破性能的高、低精度有限元计算结果,通过构建分层克里金(H-Kriging)代理模型,实现了反拱爆破片爆破压力的快速预报,建立了反拱爆破片爆破性能的数学模型,基于此进行反拱爆破片的结构优化设计。研究结果表明,基于高、低精度有限元模型所构建的爆破压力-结构参数的分层克里金代理模型,能在显著节约计算成本的前提下,准确预报反拱爆破片的爆破压力。针对反拱爆破片结构的初始设计方案,采用遗传算法进行优化设计,优化方案能够在考虑爆破片厚度加工公差的情形下,使爆破压力的波动幅度降低58.8%,从而大大降低反拱爆破片爆破压力对厚度加工误差的敏感程度,具有较高的工程参考价值。

, correspAuthors=蒲炜强, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
蒲炜强(1998-),男,硕士,助理工程师,主要从事流固耦合与结构优化设计研究. E-mail:
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余耀文(2001-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事结构冲击与优化设计研究. E-mail:

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tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256186060913107538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186031662031045, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Parameters of RABDs in numerical simulations

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A/MPaB/MPancm
340.681160.610.010.517
), ArticleFig(id=1256186061101851219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186031662031045, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

反拱爆破片数值模拟计算参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
A/MPaB/MPancm
340.681160.610.010.517
), ArticleFig(id=1256186061278011990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186031662031045, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Comparison of simulation and test[18] burst pressure of rupture disc

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
MethodBurst pressue/MPaRelative error/%
Test[18]125.17
Simulation[18]135.558.3
Simulation, this work129.243.3
), ArticleFig(id=1256186061349315160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186031662031045, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

爆破片仿真与试验[18]爆破压力对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
MethodBurst pressue/MPaRelative error/%
Test[18]125.17
Simulation[18]135.558.3
Simulation, this work129.243.3
), ArticleFig(id=1256186061504504410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186031662031045, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Dimensionless geometric dimensions of bursting discs with aid-bursting ring cones

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SampleH/rDL1/rDd1/rDd2/rDb/rDL/rD
10.01250.311.51.250.010.0375
), ArticleFig(id=1256186061659693661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186031662031045, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

助爆环锥爆破片结构的无量纲几何尺寸

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SampleH/rDL1/rDd1/rDd2/rDb/rDL/rD
10.01250.311.51.250.010.0375
), ArticleFig(id=1256186061751968351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186031662031045, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Sample values of design variables

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
L1/mmH/mmd1/mmR/mm
Note:considering that the variations in arch height and thickness are relatively small, fewer sample points were selected.
1.80.46.00.5
1.90.58.00.8
2.00.69.31.0
2.10.710.01.3
2.20.811.51.6
12.62.0
), ArticleFig(id=1256186061965877858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186031662031045, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

设计变量的样本点取值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
L1/mmH/mmd1/mmR/mm
Note:considering that the variations in arch height and thickness are relatively small, fewer sample points were selected.
1.80.46.00.5
1.90.58.00.8
2.00.69.31.0
2.10.710.01.3
2.20.811.51.6
12.62.0
), ArticleFig(id=1256186062171398756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186031662031045, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Analysis of interaction effects

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Interaction termPResult
L1:H0.203 8Not statistically significant
L1:d10.673 7Not statistically significant
H:d10.000 3Statistically significant effect
L1:R0.069 3Marginally significant effect
H:R0.016 2Statistically significant effect
d1:R0.010 7Statistically significant effect
), ArticleFig(id=1256186062729241190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186031662031045, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

交互项影响分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Interaction termPResult
L1:H0.203 8Not statistically significant
L1:d10.673 7Not statistically significant
H:d10.000 3Statistically significant effect
L1:R0.069 3Marginally significant effect
H:R0.016 2Statistically significant effect
d1:R0.010 7Statistically significant effect
), ArticleFig(id=1256186062947345001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186031662031045, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Optimization objectives and constraints

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Proxy model $ p=f\left(H,\ L_1,\ d_1,\ R\right) $
Note: $ {p}_{0} $=1.5 MPa,ideal blasting pressure;$ \varDelta=0.02\mathrm{\ mm} $,processing tolerance; the allowable fluctuation range of the blasting pressure is $ {p}_{0}-0.5< p< {p}_{0}+0.5 $; the units of H, L1, d1, R are mm.
Optimization objective $ \left[f\left(H+\varDelta,\ L_1,\ d_1,\ R\right)-f\left(H-\varDelta,\ L_1,\ d_1,\ R\right)\right] $
Constraint conditions $ p_0-0.5 \lt p \lt p_0+0.5 $
$ 0.04< H< 0.08 $
$ 1.8 \lt L_1 \lt 2.2 $
$ 6 \lt d_1 \lt 12.6 $
$ 0.5< R< 2 $
), ArticleFig(id=1256186063308055151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186031662031045, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

优化目标和约束条件

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Proxy model $ p=f\left(H,\ L_1,\ d_1,\ R\right) $
Note: $ {p}_{0} $=1.5 MPa,ideal blasting pressure;$ \varDelta=0.02\mathrm{\ mm} $,processing tolerance; the allowable fluctuation range of the blasting pressure is $ {p}_{0}-0.5< p< {p}_{0}+0.5 $; the units of H, L1, d1, R are mm.
Optimization objective $ \left[f\left(H+\varDelta,\ L_1,\ d_1,\ R\right)-f\left(H-\varDelta,\ L_1,\ d_1,\ R\right)\right] $
Constraint conditions $ p_0-0.5 \lt p \lt p_0+0.5 $
$ 0.04< H< 0.08 $
$ 1.8 \lt L_1 \lt 2.2 $
$ 6 \lt d_1 \lt 12.6 $
$ 0.5< R< 2 $
), ArticleFig(id=1256186063836537460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186031662031045, language=EN, label=Tab.7, caption=

Finite element results of different design schemes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SchemeStructure parameters/mmBlasting pressure/MPaError/%
L1Hd1RHigh-precision finite elementProxy model
P02.0 $ 0.06-\varDelta $9.310.640.61−4.7
$ 0.06+\varDelta $2.092.090
P12.2 $ 0.06-\varDelta $9.320.941.006.3
$ 0.06+\varDelta $1.711.61−5.8
), ArticleFig(id=1256186064054641271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186031662031045, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

不同设计方案的有限元分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SchemeStructure parameters/mmBlasting pressure/MPaError/%
L1Hd1RHigh-precision finite elementProxy model
P02.0 $ 0.06-\varDelta $9.310.640.61−4.7
$ 0.06+\varDelta $2.092.090
P12.2 $ 0.06-\varDelta $9.320.941.006.3
$ 0.06+\varDelta $1.711.61−5.8
), ArticleFig(id=1256186064281133689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186031662031045, language=EN, label=Tab.8, caption=

Optimization results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SchemeStructure parameters/mmTarget variableOptimization effect/%
L1Hd1RFluctuation of blasting pressure/MPa
P02.00.069.311.48
P12.20.069.320.6158.8
), ArticleFig(id=1256186064373408380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186031662031045, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

优化结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SchemeStructure parameters/mmTarget variableOptimization effect/%
L1Hd1RFluctuation of blasting pressure/MPa
P02.00.069.311.48
P12.20.069.320.6158.8
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基于变可信度代理模型技术的反拱爆破片爆破性能优化设计
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余耀文 1 , 梁浩 2 , 陈长海 1 , 蒲炜强 2, *
高压物理学报 | 高压科学应用 2026,40(4): 045101-1-045101-9
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高压物理学报 | 高压科学应用 2026, 40(4): 045101-1-045101-9
基于变可信度代理模型技术的反拱爆破片爆破性能优化设计
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余耀文1 , 梁浩2, 陈长海1, 蒲炜强2, *
作者信息
  • 1华中科技大学船舶与海洋工程学院, 湖北 武汉 430074
  • 2中国工程物理研究院总体工程研究所, 四川 绵阳 621999
  • 余耀文(2001-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事结构冲击与优化设计研究. E-mail:

通讯作者:

蒲炜强(1998-),男,硕士,助理工程师,主要从事流固耦合与结构优化设计研究. E-mail:
Bursting Performance Optimization of Reverse-Arched Bursting Discs Based on Variable Fidelity Surrogate Models
Yaowen YU1 , Hao LIANG2, Changhai CHEN1, Weiqiang PU2, *
Affiliations
  • 1School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
  • 2Institute of Systems Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, Sichuan, China
出版时间: 2026-04-05 doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20251123
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根据反拱爆破片(reverse-arched bursting discs,RABDs)爆破性能的高、低精度有限元计算结果,通过构建分层克里金(H-Kriging)代理模型,实现了反拱爆破片爆破压力的快速预报,建立了反拱爆破片爆破性能的数学模型,基于此进行反拱爆破片的结构优化设计。研究结果表明,基于高、低精度有限元模型所构建的爆破压力-结构参数的分层克里金代理模型,能在显著节约计算成本的前提下,准确预报反拱爆破片的爆破压力。针对反拱爆破片结构的初始设计方案,采用遗传算法进行优化设计,优化方案能够在考虑爆破片厚度加工公差的情形下,使爆破压力的波动幅度降低58.8%,从而大大降低反拱爆破片爆破压力对厚度加工误差的敏感程度,具有较高的工程参考价值。

反拱爆破片  /  爆破压力  /  代理模型  /  优化设计  /  结构参数

To address the optimization design problem of the bursting performance of reverse-arched bursting discs (RABDs), a hierarchical Kriging (H-Kriging) surrogate model was constructed based on both high- and low-fidelity finite element analysis results. This model enables the rapid prediction of the burst pressure of RABDs, facilitating the development of a mathematical model for performance optimization and structural improvement. The results show that the H-Kriging surrogate model relating burst pressure to structural parameters based on high- and low-fidelity finite element models can significantly reduce computational cost while accurately predicting the burst pressure of RABDs. For the initial structural design scheme of RABDs, optimization was carried out using a genetic algorithm, with the optimized design accounting for manufacturing tolerance in disc thickness. This resulted in a 58.8% reduction in burst pressure fluctuation, significantly reducing the sensitivity of burst pressure to thickness manufacturing errors and providing valuable engineering reference.

reverse-arched bursting discs  /  bursting pressure  /  surrogate model  /  optimization design  /  structural parameter
余耀文, 梁浩, 陈长海, 蒲炜强. 基于变可信度代理模型技术的反拱爆破片爆破性能优化设计. 高压物理学报, 2026 , 40 (4) : 045101-1 -045101-9 . DOI: 10.11858/gywlxb.20251123
Yaowen YU, Hao LIANG, Changhai CHEN, Weiqiang PU. Bursting Performance Optimization of Reverse-Arched Bursting Discs Based on Variable Fidelity Surrogate Models[J]. Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, 2026 , 40 (4) : 045101-1 -045101-9 . DOI: 10.11858/gywlxb.20251123
随着现代工业的快速发展,各行各业对压力设备的承压能力提出了更高要求[12]。压力设备在使用过程中存在超压运行的风险,超压引发的爆炸事故在全球范围内频繁发生,尤其是海上运输领域,安全事故一旦发生,往往会造成重大损失。爆破片作为一种被动、安全性高且响应速度快的压力释放元件,相关研究与优化设计受到广泛关注[34]。反拱爆破片(reverse-arched bursting discs,RABDs)是爆破片技术优化的重要发展方向,其凭借优良的预爆稳定性、无碎片爆破特性和高启爆灵敏度[57],在现代高可靠性系统中展现出广阔的应用前景。然而,在实际应用中,反拱爆破片的爆破压力受结构参数(如厚度、拱高、泄压直径等)及其加工误差的影响较大,严重削弱其工作稳定性与安全性[8]。因此,提升反拱爆破片的抗干扰性能并进行结构优化设计,提高其爆破压力的一致性与可控性,已成为当前亟需解决的关键技术难题。
计算机技术的持续进步使数值方法成为爆破性能研究中的主流手段[913],将其与爆破试验、理论分析相结合的研究策略得到了广泛应用。目前,国内外众多学者针对反拱爆破片爆破压力的影响因素开展了大量研究,其中,结构参数是最具决定性的因素,也是爆破片设计中首要考虑的内容。詹晶[14]采用ANSYS软件,综合考虑拱高、热处理等因素,利用弧长法进行非线性屈曲分析,模拟结果表明,反拱爆破片的失稳载荷受拱高、热处理及圆角等参数的影响显著。王丛飞等[15]针对带槽型反拱爆破片,采用ABAQUS软件进行非线性稳定性分析,并结合爆破试验对其结构参数进行了深入研究,结果表明,爆破压力与原材料厚度、拱高及减弱槽的剩余厚度均呈正相关。钱志强等[16]基于LS-DYNA的隐-显自适应切换仿真方法,模拟了反拱爆破片的失稳翻转过程,研究发现,其翻转行为受助爆锥与爆破片尺寸匹配程度的影响。
目前,影响反拱爆破片爆破压力的结构参数研究主要集中于单一结构参数的定量分析,然而,实际中反拱爆破片的结构参数往往是相互关联、协同作用的,其对爆破压力的影响具有高度的耦合性和复杂性。因此,本研究在建立高、低精度有限元爆破模型的基础上,采用多精度分层建模策略,构建爆破压力与结构参数之间的分层克里金(H-Kriging)代理模型,继而引入遗传算法对初始设计方案进行优化,降低爆破压力对厚度加工误差的敏感性,以期提升反拱爆破片结构的性能稳定性,为高效、精确的爆破元件优化设计提供新的研究思路。
反拱爆破片及其组件主要由拱形爆破片和相关夹持结构组成,如图1所示,其中:H为爆破片厚度,R为爆破片拱形底部倒角,L1为爆破片拱高,d1为爆破片直径。建模时,根据实际模型对爆破片进行简化处理:将夹持结构设置为刚性固定,在拱形爆破片底部平面的侧壁设置固支边界以替代夹持结构的作用,建立1/4模型并施加对称约束以减少计算量,如图2所示。拱形爆破片模型采用六面体八节点单元C3D8R划分,厚度方向共3个单元,面内整体网格尺寸约为0.05 mm,最小网格尺寸在爆破片底部倒角处,为0.015 mm。将气体压力载荷视作均匀分布在爆破片的承压面上,作用方向如图2箭头所示,根据实际试验测得的压力曲线升压来确定有限元仿真的载荷上升梯度,升压速率为0.08 GPa/s。
反拱爆破片材料为316不锈钢,弹性模量为201 GPa,泊松比为0.28,屈服应力为340.68 MPa,极限应力为887.8 MPa。
采用Johnson-Cook(J-C)本构模型模拟316不锈钢材料的强度和失效行为,可考虑应变率、应力状态和温度对材料强度和失效的影响,表达式为
$ \sigma\mathrm{_y}=\left(A+B\overline{\varepsilon}^n\right)\left(1+c\text{ln}\frac{\dot{\varepsilon}}{\dot{\varepsilon}_0}\right)\left(1-T^{\mathrm{*}m}\right) $
式中:$ \sigma_{\mathrm{y}} $为材料的动态屈服应力;$ \overline{\varepsilon} $为等效塑性应变;$ A $为材料的准静态屈服应力;$ B $为应变强化系数,n为应变硬化指数,可通过准静态拉伸或压缩试验测得;$ 1+c\text{ln}\dfrac{\dot{\varepsilon}}{\dot{\varepsilon}_0} $为应变率强化项,该项考虑了加载速率的影响,$ \dot{\varepsilon} $为应变率,$ \dot{\varepsilon}_0 $为参考应变率,c为应变率敏感系数;$ 1-{T}^{\mathrm{*}m} $为温度软化项,m为温度软化指数,$ T^{\ast} $为无量纲温度。具体参数如表1所示。
采用J-C失效模型描述爆破片的失效,失效判据D可表示为
$D=\left[{D}_{1}+{D}_{2}\mathrm{exp} \left({D}_{3}\frac{{\sigma }_\text{h}}{\overline{\sigma }}\right)\right]\left(1+{D}_{4}\ln \frac{\dot{\varepsilon }}{{\dot{\varepsilon }}_{0}}\right)\left(1+{D}_{5}{T}^{\mathrm{*}}\right)$
式中:D1D2D3D4D5为材料失效参数。当D=1时,结构发生失效。可通过一系列的高应变率压缩、不同应力状态和高温拉伸试验确定材料参数。对于韧性金属,在三轴度不高或变化不剧烈的情况下,等效塑性应变的临界值可视为常数。同时,撕裂破坏在薄板的变形中占主导地位,因此,考虑仅保留D1=0.31,该方法等效于直接采用应变准则定义失效,能够合理捕捉由撕裂主导的薄板破坏行为[17]
文献[18]对十字开槽正拱爆破片的爆破压力进行了试验以及数值模拟,爆破片材料为304不锈钢。采用本研究建立的J-C本构模型模拟文献[18]中304不锈钢的强度和失效行为,对应的数值模拟结果与文献结果的对比如图3所示。对于爆破片在爆破后的失效破裂形态,本研究模拟结果与文献[18]的模拟、试验结果较为一致,说明模型具有较高的可靠性。此外,如表2所示,模拟的爆破压力结果与文献[18]中试验结果的相对误差较小,仅为3.3 %,可以认为,本研究建立的数值模型在预测爆破片的爆破压力方面具有较高的可靠性。
采用惰性气体快速加压方法对反拱带锥爆破片组件进行加压爆破试验,在图1的基础上增加了助爆环锥,对试验中反拱爆破片的固定夹持结构进行简化处理,简化后的试验结构如图4所示(材料参数与1.1.2节相同)。爆破片上游气体压力通过气压传感器实时监测,爆破过程中气压上升速率保持在约0.08 GPa/s。为便于比较,规定爆破片沿助爆环锥恰好完全撕裂的时刻为爆破片破裂失效时刻,此时的载荷即爆破压力。
表3列出了爆破片结构的无量纲几何参数(爆破片具体几何尺寸详见文献[16]),其中:rD图4中垫块的外部半径,d2为缓冲垫内径,b为锥体尖端宽度,L为锥体尖端高度。在表3所列参数的基础上进行反拱爆破片的爆破试验以及对应的数值仿真,试验得到的爆破压力为3.64 MPa,相应的仿真结果为3.71 MPa,两者间的相对误差仅为2%,可以认为,该方法建立的有限元数值模型在预测反拱爆破片的爆破压力方面的可靠性较高。
反拱爆破片爆破性能最重要的指标是爆破压力,即爆破片破裂泄压时的临界压力。通过传统有限元方法得到的爆破压力的精度高,但需要耗费巨大的计算成本,且在进行反拱爆破片结构参数的优化设计时,需要大量工况的计算结果作为基础。该问题可以通过变可信度代理模型(variable-fidelity surrogate model, VFSM)来解决。与常规的单精度Kriging、响应面法(response surface methodology,RSM)等模型相比,VFSM仅需少量高精度数据(负责精细校正)和较多低精度数据(负责捕捉全局趋势),就能达到较高的预测精度,可节省大量资源。本研究中,高精度样本的获取代价较高,无法大规模获取;低精度模型的获取代价较低,且能提供具有趋势性的信息。因此,采用 VFSM 可更好地兼顾预测精度与建模效率,提升优化设计的工程实用性。
有限元模型的网格尺寸较小(最小网格尺寸为0.015 mm),网格数量较多。在高精度有限元模型的计算过程中,需采用一台配置有16个高性能处理器(Intel Core i9-12900K)和128 GB内存的台式计算机求解,所需的时间成本约为6 h。在计算爆破压力的过程中,载荷的上升梯度对数值仿真的计算速度影响较大,载荷的上升梯度越小,载荷的作用时长越久,计算成本越大。因此,可将载荷的上升梯度扩大10倍,即将压力上升速率设置为0.8 GPa/s,由此得到低精度有限元模型。此时,运用上述配置的台式计算机求解低精度有限元模型的平均耗时为0.5 h左右,仅为高精度有限元模型的1/12。
在构建变可信度代理模型之前,需要判断低精度有限元模型是否包含高精度有限元模型的趋势信息,以保证2种模型可以有效融合。图5绘制了2种精度下有限元模型计算得到的11个样本点的爆破压力,可以发现,仅改变压力的上升速率不会影响反拱爆破片爆破压力结果的变化趋势。结果表明,该低精度有限元模型的爆破压力可作为变可信度代理模型的低精度结果数据。
本研究选择构建分层克里金代理模型,建立爆破压力与反拱爆破片结构参数之间的函数关系,具体流程如下。
步骤1:确定反拱爆破片的结构参数变量。模型共设置4个结构参数变量,分别是爆破片的拱高L1、厚度H、直径d1和倒角R,取值范围分别为1.8~2.2 mm、0.04~0.08 mm、6.0~12.6 mm和0.5~2.0 mm。
步骤2:通过试验设计方法得到样本点。高精度模型的计算成本高,样本数量受限,而正交设计能在较少点数下均衡探索因子水平的主效应和交互效应,提高信息利用率。因此,采用正交设计方法生成42个高精度样本点集合,如表4所示。拉丁超立方(Latin hypercube sampling, LHS)设计方法可在全空间均匀抽样,适合大量低成本模拟,可为代理模型提供广泛的背景数据。鉴于此,可采用拉丁超立方设计方法生成100个低精度样本点集合。
步骤3:采用高、低精度有限元模型分别计算出相应样本点的响应值(爆破压力)。
步骤4:基于以上100个低精度样本点和42个高精度样本点的数值仿真结果,运用分层克里金代理模型近似设计参数与响应值(爆破压力)之间的函数关系。
步骤5:对构件的分层克里金代理模型进行精度检验,若精度不满足设计要求,需对初始样本点进行补点计算,直到精度达标。
在设计空间中随机生成8个样本点作为代理模型精度分析的验证集,分别采用分层克里金代理模型和高精度有限元模型对验证集的响应值进行预报。同时,采用相对误差δ和归一化均方根偏差DNR评估误差大小,验证分层克里金代理模型的准确性。上述2种误差的计算表达式如下
$ \delta=\frac{{\widehat{y}}_{i}-{y}_{i}}{{y}_{i}}\times 100\text{%} $
$ {D}_{\text{NR}}=\frac{1}{\overline{y}} {\sqrt{ \displaystyle\frac{1}{n}\sum \limits_{i=1}^{n}{\left({\widehat{y}}_{i}-{y}_{i}\right)}^{2}}}\times 100\text{%} $
式中:$ {\widehat{y}}_{i} $为代理模型预测的爆破压力,$ {y}_{i} $为高精度有限元模型预测的爆破压力,$ \overline{y} $$ {y}_{i} $的算术平均值。
相对误差可从局部角度评估代理模型的预测精度,而归一化均方根误差则是从整体角度对代理模型进行精度检验。图6给出了分层克里金代理模型在8个随机样本点对爆破压力的预测值及其相对误差,可以发现,该验证集的最大相对误差为11.69%,且绝大部分样本点的相对误差小于5%。此外,分层克里金代理模型预测爆破压力结果的归一化均方根误差为8.57%。以上结果表明,建立的分层克里金代理模型在预测反拱爆破片结构的爆破压力时的精度高,预测效果优异,可在后续研究工作中使用。
为了分析结构参数对反拱爆破片爆破压力的影响程度,需要对4个结构参数和爆破压力进行相关性分析。
皮尔逊(Pearson)相关系数可以衡量2个变量间的线性相关性,具体表达式为
$ r=\frac{ \displaystyle\sum \limits_{i=1}^{m}\left({X}_{i}-\overline{X}\right)-\left({Y}_{i}-\overline{Y}\right)}{\sqrt{ \displaystyle\sum \limits_{i=1}^{m}{\left({{X}_{i}}-\overline{X}\right)}^{2} \sum \limits_{i=1}^{m}{\left({{Y}_{i}}-\overline{Y}\right)}^{2}}} $
式中:$ X_i $$ Y_i $为2个不同的变量,$ \overline{X} $$ \overline{Y} $分别为2个变量的平均值,m为变量的取样个数。Pearson相关系数的取值范围为[−1, 1],相关系数的绝对值$ \left| r\right| $越大,说明变量间的线性相关性越强。可通过以下取值范围判断变量间的相关程度:当$ \left| r\right| $在[0, 0.2)范围内,变量间的相关程度极弱或无相关性;当$ \left| r\right| $在[0.2, 0.4)范围内,变量间的相关程度弱;当$ \left| r\right| $在[0.4, 0.6)范围内,变量间的相关程度中等;当$ \left| r\right| $在[0.6, 0.8)范围内,变量间的相关程度强;当$ \left| r\right| $在[0.8, 1]范围内,变量间的相关程度极强;当$ r> 0 $时,2个变量间为正相关;当$ r< 0 $时,2个变量间为负相关。
Pearson相关性分析的结果如图7所示,爆破压力p与厚度H的相关系数大于零,说明随着爆破片厚度的增加,爆破压力也随之提高;爆破压力p与拱高L1、直径d1和倒角R的相关系数均小于零,说明随着拱高、直径和倒角的增加,爆破压力反而减小。此外,爆破压力与爆破片厚度间的线性相关性最强,为强相关;与爆破片直径间的线性相关性次之,为中等程度相关;与爆破片倒角间的线性相关性较弱,为弱相关;与爆破片拱高间的线性相关性最弱,为极弱程度相关。
除了进行线性相关性分析外,为进一步揭示设计变量间的交互作用对爆破压力的影响,开展了RSM建模与方差分析(analysis of variance,ANOVA)。根据计算所得的P值衡量某个变量(或交互项)对响应结果的影响:当P<0.05时,该变量对结果有显著影响;当0.05≤P<0.10时,该变量对结果有一定影响,为弱显著;当P≥0.10时,该变量对结果没有显著影响,变化可能是随机造成的。分析结果如表5所示,有50%的交互项(如厚度与直径)对响应有显著影响,说明变量间的联合作用不可忽略。
衡量爆破片爆破性能优劣最重要的标准是其能否在预定的压力下进行精准爆破,而微型反拱爆破片在实际生产过程中的加工误差难以把握,需要降低爆破压力对加工误差的敏感程度。由2.3节的相关性分析可知,爆破压力与爆破片厚度间的线性相关性最强,为强相关。因此,需考虑爆破片厚度的加工误差,以爆破压力波动最小化为优化目标,约束条件为爆破压力的允许波动范围及各设计变量的许用变化范围,如表6所示。选用遗传优化算法进行优化求解,结合已建立的分层克里金代理模型,经过反复迭代计算,可获得爆破压力波动最小的全局最优爆破片设计方案。
基于代理模型的优化设计流程分为以下4个阶段:(1)问题定义阶段,明确优化目标、设计变量及约束条件;(2)初始样本生产阶段,采用设计实验生成初始样本点,并通过高保真仿真工具获取响应值;(3)代理模型构建阶段,选择合适的代理模型类型,利用样本数据进行模型训练和验证;(4)优化求解阶段,选择合适的优化算法,结合代理模型获取最优解。
反拱爆破片初始设计方案P0和优化设计方案P1的有限元计算结果如表7所示。结果表明,分层克里金模型的爆破压力预测值与高精度有限元模型仿真值之间的相对误差很小(方案P0中厚度正公差的结果为代理模型训练样本点之一),进一步验证了本研究构建的反拱爆破片爆破压力快速预测代理模型的可靠性,优化设计方案的准确性较高。优化设计结果如表8所示,方案P1在考虑爆破片厚度的加工误差下,爆破压力波动仅为0.61 MPa,与初始设计方案P0相比,爆破压力波动幅度减小了58.8%。方案P1中爆破片的爆破压力受实际生产加工精度的影响很小,爆破性能较优。
本研究建立了反拱爆破片组件爆破的数值模型,构建了分层克里金代理模型以实现对反拱爆破片爆破压力的快速预测,最终提出了反拱爆破片爆破性能的优化设计数学模型,开展了反拱爆破片结构优化设计研究,得到以下结论。
(1) 提出的爆破片有限元模型预报的爆破压力与文献及爆破试验结果吻合较好。
(2) 考虑到爆破过程中载荷上升梯度对仿真计算成本的影响,建立了高、低精度有限元模型,以此构建了爆破压力-结构参数的分层克里金代理模型,该模型能准确预测反拱爆破片组件的爆破压力,与高精度有限元结果的相对误差在12%之内,且显著节约了有限元仿真的计算成本。
(3) 反拱爆破片各结构参数与爆破压力的线性相关性排序由高到低分别为:爆破片厚度、爆破片直径、爆破片倒角、爆破片拱高。
(4) 针对初始设计方案(拱高2.0 mm、厚度0.4 mm、直径9.3 mm、倒角1.0 mm)开展了优化设计,使反拱爆破片在考虑爆破片厚度的加工误差下,其爆破压力波动幅度减小了58.8%,大幅降低了反拱爆破片爆破压力对厚度加工误差的敏感程度。
(5) 研究建立的基于变可信度代理模型的优化设计方法可直接应用于实际工程中反拱爆破片的快速设计与精度控制,有助于提升爆破装置的安全性与可靠性,具有较高的推广价值。
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2026年第40卷第4期
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doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20251123
  • 接收时间:2025-07-07
  • 首发时间:2026-04-29
  • 出版时间:2026-04-05
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-07
  • 修回日期:2025-08-19
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    1华中科技大学船舶与海洋工程学院, 湖北 武汉 430074
    2中国工程物理研究院总体工程研究所, 四川 绵阳 621999

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蒲炜强(1998-),男,硕士,助理工程师,主要从事流固耦合与结构优化设计研究. E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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