Article(id=1256186030835753149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, issueId=1256186027853624275, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11858/gywlxb.20251268, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1764086400000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-26, revisedDate=1766851200000, revisedDateStr=2025-12-28, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1777427688558, onlineDateStr=2026-04-29, pubDate=1775318400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-05, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1777427688558, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1777427688558, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1777427688558, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1256186027853624275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, year='2026', volume='40', issue='4', pageStart='040101-1', pageEnd='045301-13', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1777427687845, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1777427791253, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1256186461888627074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, issueId=1256186027853624275, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1256186461888627075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, issueId=1256186027853624275, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=040104-1, endPage=040104-8, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1256186031599116484, articleId=1256186030835753149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, language=EN, title=Synthesis and Superconductivity of the Ternary Hydrides (Th,Y)H10, columnId=1256186029531345878, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, columnName=Young Scientists’ Forum, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Recent achieved superconductivity near room temperature, especially in hydrogen-based superconductors under high pressure, have attracted broad interest. However, most systems with high superconducting critical temperature (Tc) are only stable under extremely high pressures, which limits their practical applicability. This study proposes the possibility of obtaining high-Tc superconductors at moderate pressures within the ternary Th-Y-H system. The synthesis was carried out using Th, YH3, and NH3BH3 as precursors under high pressure and high temperature, applied by diamond anvil cells combined with in-situ laser heating technology. Combining with the synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements and theoretical studies, the main product was identified as Fm$ \overline{3} $m (Th,Y)H10, with Y accounting for approximately 10%−15%. Electrical transport measurements reveal that its Tc increases by approximately 10%, compared to ThH10 under similar pressure. At 144 GPa, the sample has a maximum Tc of 184 K, which remains at 170 K when decompressed to 100 GPa—approaching the highest level known for hydrides at this pressure. Measurements under an applied magnetic field further verify the superconductivity, with upper critical fields estimated at 52 and 39 T based on the WHH and GL models, respectively. These results indicate that the ternary Th-Y-H superconducting system is an outstanding candidate for high-Tc superconductors, and the crystal stability and electronic properties can be effectively controlled by reasonably introducing new element into the binary system. This work provides new insights and experimental evidences for exploring high-Tc superconducting hydrides under moderate or even low pressures.

, correspAuthors=Guoying GAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xiaoxu SONG, Xiaokuan HAO, Jingyu NIU, Guoying GAO, Yongjun TIAN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1256186036137353451, articleId=1256186030835753149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, language=CN, title=三元氢化物(Th,Y)H10的合成及超导电性, columnId=1256186029946581977, journalTitle=高压物理学报, columnName=优秀青年专辑, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

近年来,氢基超导体在高压下实现的近室温超导引起了广泛关注,然而,大多数具有高超导转变温度(Tc)的氢化物需要在极高的压力下才能稳定,极大地限制了其应用潜力。为此,提出了在三元Th-Y-H体系中探索中等压力下获得高Tc超导体的可能性。利用金刚石对顶砧,结合原位激光加热技术,以钍(Th)、氢化钇(YH3)和氨硼烷(NH3BH3)为前驱体,在高温高压条件下合成了Th-Y-H三元氢化物。结合同步辐射X射线衍射测量与理论研究结果,确定其主要产物为立方相的(Th,Y)H10,其中Y的占比为10%~15%。电输运测量结果显示,相近压力下其Tc较ThH10提升约10%,在144 GPa下样品的Tc最高可达184 K,且在降压至100 GPa时仍可达170 K,接近该压力下已知氢化物的最高Tc纪录。外加磁场下的测试进一步证实了超导的存在,并基于WHH模型和GL模型估算其上临界场分别为52和39 T。研究结果表明,Th-Y-H是具有优异超导性的三元超导材料体系,通过在二元体系中合理引入新的元素,可有效调控晶体稳定性和电子性质,为在中等压力甚至低压下探索高Tc超导氢化物提供了新的思路与实验依据。

, correspAuthors=高国英, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
高国英(1981-),女,博士,教授,主要从事新型亚稳材料的理论设计与实验合成研究. E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《高压物理学报》编辑部 2026, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=BR31XwMF02OOshV7PWs+AA==, magXml=UlABDIQgUALMxcTqGMA+Xg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=jBZ7iUdkWym1rRXeX1YftA==, pdfFileSize=1215256, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=RK4/WbORKFVL4Xku/DILxQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=aaT5otlr3QLTzX7QXykfYA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

宋晓旭(1996-),男,博士研究生,主要从事新型亚稳材料的理论设计与实验合成研究. E-mail:

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[20], and the dashed lines are the volume-pressure curves of different phases calculated theoretically.), figureFileSmall=Qz7Q634C9dn6nLuXI4W/ag==, figureFileBig=LcpNtddmb49lxCsMy+HnvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256186044756648303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186030835753149, language=CN, label=图2, caption=样品体积随压力的变化趋势(实心符号代表本工作的合成样品,空心符号代表文献[20]中的实验结果,虚线为理论计算的不同相的体积-压力曲线), figureFileSmall=Qz7Q634C9dn6nLuXI4W/ag==, figureFileBig=LcpNtddmb49lxCsMy+HnvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256186045029278065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186030835753149, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Electrical transport measurements for different samples (a)−(c), and the trend of the extracted Tc with pressure and comparison with binary systems (d) (The insets in (b) and (c) show electrical transport measurements of the samples below Tc. The colored symbols in (d) represent results measured in this experiment, and the gray symbols represent the results measured in other studies on binary systems[34, 20, 32].), figureFileSmall=hCROfUlGEK8Lv6dfkmAQPA==, figureFileBig=mSpTFhXQGgZTeY297weJBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256186045423542643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186030835753149, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同样品的电输运测量结果(a)~(c)以及样品在不同压力下的Tc变化趋势及其与二元体系的对比(d)( (b)、(c)中的插图为样品在低于Tc温度下的电输运测量结果,(d)中的彩色符号为本实验测量结果,灰色符号为其他工作中二元体系的实验测量结果[34, 20, 32], figureFileSmall=hCROfUlGEK8Lv6dfkmAQPA==, figureFileBig=mSpTFhXQGgZTeY297weJBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1256186045591314805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1256186030835753149, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Electrical transport measurements of sample LS1 under varied magnetic fields from 0 to 12 T (a) and estimated upper critical fields via WHH and GL models (b), 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三元氢化物(Th,Y)H10的合成及超导电性
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宋晓旭 1, 2 , 郝晓宽 1, 2 , 牛景雨 1, 2 , 高国英 1, 2, * , 田永君 1, 2
高压物理学报 | 优秀青年专辑 2026,40(4): 040104-1-040104-8
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高压物理学报 | 优秀青年专辑 2026, 40(4): 040104-1-040104-8
三元氢化物(Th,Y)H10的合成及超导电性
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宋晓旭1, 2 , 郝晓宽1, 2, 牛景雨1, 2, 高国英1, 2, * , 田永君1, 2
作者信息
  • 1燕山大学亚稳材料全国重点实验室, 河北 秦皇岛 066000
  • 2燕山大学材料科学与工程学院, 河北 秦皇岛 066000
  • 宋晓旭(1996-),男,博士研究生,主要从事新型亚稳材料的理论设计与实验合成研究. E-mail:

通讯作者:

高国英(1981-),女,博士,教授,主要从事新型亚稳材料的理论设计与实验合成研究. E-mail:
Synthesis and Superconductivity of the Ternary Hydrides (Th,Y)H10
Xiaoxu SONG1, 2 , Xiaokuan HAO1, 2, Jingyu NIU1, 2, Guoying GAO1, 2, * , Yongjun TIAN1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066000, Hebei, China
  • 2School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066000, Hebei, China
出版时间: 2026-04-05 doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20251268
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近年来,氢基超导体在高压下实现的近室温超导引起了广泛关注,然而,大多数具有高超导转变温度(Tc)的氢化物需要在极高的压力下才能稳定,极大地限制了其应用潜力。为此,提出了在三元Th-Y-H体系中探索中等压力下获得高Tc超导体的可能性。利用金刚石对顶砧,结合原位激光加热技术,以钍(Th)、氢化钇(YH3)和氨硼烷(NH3BH3)为前驱体,在高温高压条件下合成了Th-Y-H三元氢化物。结合同步辐射X射线衍射测量与理论研究结果,确定其主要产物为立方相的(Th,Y)H10,其中Y的占比为10%~15%。电输运测量结果显示,相近压力下其Tc较ThH10提升约10%,在144 GPa下样品的Tc最高可达184 K,且在降压至100 GPa时仍可达170 K,接近该压力下已知氢化物的最高Tc纪录。外加磁场下的测试进一步证实了超导的存在,并基于WHH模型和GL模型估算其上临界场分别为52和39 T。研究结果表明,Th-Y-H是具有优异超导性的三元超导材料体系,通过在二元体系中合理引入新的元素,可有效调控晶体稳定性和电子性质,为在中等压力甚至低压下探索高Tc超导氢化物提供了新的思路与实验依据。

三元氢化物  /  超导电性  /  Th-Y-H体系  /  高压  /  超导转变温度

Recent achieved superconductivity near room temperature, especially in hydrogen-based superconductors under high pressure, have attracted broad interest. However, most systems with high superconducting critical temperature (Tc) are only stable under extremely high pressures, which limits their practical applicability. This study proposes the possibility of obtaining high-Tc superconductors at moderate pressures within the ternary Th-Y-H system. The synthesis was carried out using Th, YH3, and NH3BH3 as precursors under high pressure and high temperature, applied by diamond anvil cells combined with in-situ laser heating technology. Combining with the synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements and theoretical studies, the main product was identified as Fm$ \overline{3} $m (Th,Y)H10, with Y accounting for approximately 10%−15%. Electrical transport measurements reveal that its Tc increases by approximately 10%, compared to ThH10 under similar pressure. At 144 GPa, the sample has a maximum Tc of 184 K, which remains at 170 K when decompressed to 100 GPa—approaching the highest level known for hydrides at this pressure. Measurements under an applied magnetic field further verify the superconductivity, with upper critical fields estimated at 52 and 39 T based on the WHH and GL models, respectively. These results indicate that the ternary Th-Y-H superconducting system is an outstanding candidate for high-Tc superconductors, and the crystal stability and electronic properties can be effectively controlled by reasonably introducing new element into the binary system. This work provides new insights and experimental evidences for exploring high-Tc superconducting hydrides under moderate or even low pressures.

ternary hydrides  /  superconductivity  /  Th-Y-H system  /  high pressure  /  superconducting critical temperature
宋晓旭, 郝晓宽, 牛景雨, 高国英, 田永君. 三元氢化物(Th,Y)H10的合成及超导电性. 高压物理学报, 2026 , 40 (4) : 040104-1 -040104-8 . DOI: 10.11858/gywlxb.20251268
Xiaoxu SONG, Xiaokuan HAO, Jingyu NIU, Guoying GAO, Yongjun TIAN. Synthesis and Superconductivity of the Ternary Hydrides (Th,Y)H10[J]. Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, 2026 , 40 (4) : 040104-1 -040104-8 . DOI: 10.11858/gywlxb.20251268
近年来,LaH10在超导转变温度(Tc)上的突破性进展是氢基超导体研究的一个重要里程碑[12],推动了该领域的研究热潮。此后,陆续合成了多种稀土/碱土金属氢化物超导体,在实验中成功证实了早前的理论预测。然而,一个显著的局限性也随之浮现:对于Tc超过200 K的氢化物,如YH9[3]、YH6[4]、CaH6[56]等,其稳定压力普遍高于150 GPa;而对于能够在100 GPa压力下稳定存在的CeH9、CeH10[7]等氢化物,其Tc却最高只达到115 K。如何在实现高Tc的同时降低所需压力,已成为当前氢基超导体面临的新挑战。随着绝大多数二元氢化物的潜在相图在理论和实验上被逐步探明,研究者的视线也开始转向结构更丰富、调控自由度更高的三元氢化物体系。
在对三元氢化物的实验探索中,以La-H二元体系为基础的La-X-H系列体系被率先研究,至今已成功制备出9种该系列三元超导氢化物[817]。其中,以La-Ce合金为原料合成的(La,Ce)H10[11]在130 GPa下的Tc达200 K,与同等压力下LaH10Tc持平,且其优势在于该超导相可成功保留至百吉帕压力以下—在100 GPa时仍被观测到165~175 K的Tc,刷新了该压力下的超导纪录。另一方面,以La-Be合金为前驱体制备的LaBeH8[12],则首次在80 GPa下实现了超过100 K的Tc,其晶体结构也与理论预测的高Tc相一致。另外,即便不用合金作为前驱体,只将La和B单质以两层相叠的方式置于氨硼烷之间,亦能在高温高压条件下合成化学计量的LaB2H8[15],其稳定压力可低至59 GPa,且100 GPa时的Tc与LaBeH8相当。此外,以相似方法合成的(Y,S)H6相较于YH6[18],其Tc提升了约20 K,而以Y-Ca合金为前驱体制备的(Y,Ca)H6[19]则在保持高Tc的同时将稳定压力降低了15~20 GPa。上述研究结果表明:合理地引入第三组元可有效调控二元氢化物的晶体结构或电子性能,从而将二元氢化物中的高Tc结构稳定至更低压力,且进一步提升Tc。由此可见,在具有高Tc且中等压力下稳定的二元氢化物体系的基础上实施多元化,有望取得更大的突破。
对二元Th-H体系的调研显示,2020年,研究人员在约170 GPa高压下合成了ThH9和ThH10[20],测得其Tc分别约为140和160 K。更有意义的是,实验观测到ThH10的晶体结构在低于100 GPa的条件下仍然稳定,且有理论预测其Tc将随压力下降而逐步上升,在100 GPa时有望达到241 K[21]。这一发现激发了在Th-H体系中开展三元掺杂研究的兴趣。近两年,理论研究共同聚焦于三元体系—Th-Y-H,不同结构搜索方法均表明,该三元体系在150~200 GPa压力范围内可形成一系列热力学稳定的超导相,例如:Ghaffar等[22]利用USPEX预测$ P\overline{6}m2 $ ThYH18Tc在200 GPa下为222 K;Wang等[23]借助深度学习模型,同样确认了该相在200 GPa下的稳定性,并预测其Tc为209 K;Jiang等[24]则通过大规模笼型结构筛选策略,预测P6/mmm ThY2H24在150 GPa下热力学稳定,并预估其Tc高达303 K。这些系统的理论工作为本研究的开展指明了具有高度可行性的探索方向。
本研究拟采用金刚石对顶砧(diamond anvil cell,DAC)高压技术,结合原位激光加热方法,开展三元Th-Y-H体系的高温高压合成与物性研究;通过同步辐射X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)进行结构表征,结合理论模拟,确定超导相的组分和晶体结构;利用低温强磁场测量系统,研究合成样品的电输运性质,并验证其超导电性,以期为今后在百吉帕压力下探索三元及多元氢化物提供有益的实验依据与方法借鉴。
本研究使用对称型DAC装置,搭配Ⅱas型超低荧光金刚石压砧,砧面直径为50~80 μm,以8°角斜切至200~300 μm。采用铼与氧化铝/环氧树脂复合垫圈固定样品并绝缘电极。装样前,样品室直径为30~55 μm,高度为10~15 μm。为避免氧化,将钍(Th)、氢化钇(YH3)和氨硼烷(NH3BH3)以层叠方式在手套箱(O2和H2O的体积分数均小于1.0×10−8)中装入样品腔,将总厚度为2~3 μm的Th和YH3夹在NH3BH3之间。在室温下将样品压缩至约175 GPa (样品HS1)和150 GPa(样品LS1和LS2),随后用YGA激光器(波长1070 nm)对样品进行单侧加热,激光光斑直径约10 μm,加热温度达2000 K,持续时间为10~20 s。根据Akahama校准的一级金刚石拉曼峰边缘位置[2526]确定样品腔内压力。
样品HS1的同步辐射XRD测试在德国同步辐射加速器(DESY)的P02.2线站进行,测试波长为0.2906 Å,光斑大小为2 μm×2 μm,采用PerkinElmer公司的XRD1621作为探测器,距样品200 mm;样品LS2的XRD图谱在上海同步辐射光源的BL17UM线站采集,测试波长为0.4834 Å,光斑大小为2 μm×5 μm,探测器型号为EIGER2-X-16M,距样品300 mm。2次测试的仪器参数均由CeO2校准,使用Diopatas软件包将XRD图谱转换为一维曲线[27],并通过GSAS软件包完成对XRD谱的Rietveld精修[28]。采用范德堡四电极法测量样品的电输运性质,4个铂电极布置于样品腔内,并通过铜线与外部设备连接,测试电流为1 mA,测试所用设备为飞斯科公司的低温强磁场综合测量系统,该设备可提供14 T的磁场。
使用基于密度泛函理论(density functional theory,DFT)平面波赝势方法的VASP软件[29]计算晶体结构的焓值。计算过程中,交换关联泛函选择广义梯度近似(generalized gradient approximation,GGA)的PBE[30],采用投影缀加平面波(projector augmented wave,PAW)赝势方法[31]。平面波截断能设定为800 eV,针对不同结构,采用合适的Monkhorst-Pack k点网格,确保计算的能量值收敛在1 meV/atom。
为确定高压下合成样品的晶体结构,本研究分别对样品HS1和样品LS2进行原位XRD测试,压力范围分别为90~170 GPa和95~146 GPa。如图1(a)的Rietveld精修结果所示,样品LS2主要由面心立方(face-centered cubic,FCC)结构组成,并含有少量的密排六方(hexagonal close-packed,HCP)结构相,与二元Th-H体系中已合成的超导氢化物Fm$ \overline{3} $m ThH10P63/mmc ThH9的金属晶格相对应。基于各衍射峰的强度分析,FCC相为主要组成,HCP相所占比重较低。XRD谱中出现的P63/mmc PtH衍射信号源自Pt电极与氢气的反应产物。此外,标记“*”的若干衍射峰无法归属为任何已知的单质、理论预测或实验合成的Th-H或Y-H二元氢化物,暗示实验中可能生成了其他尚未识别的低氢含量相,其具体结构有待进一步研究确认。
图1(c)图1(d)所示,加热后样品HS1和样品LS2的主相均为FCC相。在样品HS1从170 GPa降压至110 GPa的过程中,FCC相的特征衍射峰持续存在,并呈现出规律性的左移,反映出主相结构未发生显著改变,其体积随压力的降低而逐渐膨胀。然而,当压力从110 GPa降至100 GPa时,该衍射峰出现反常的右移,表明此时发生了体积收缩现象。类似的行为在样品LS2的降压过程中也被观察到:当压力从105 GPa降至95 GPa时,FCC相的衍射峰同样发生明显的右移。特别地,在样品LS2中,FCC相的衍射峰的峰形清晰、强度显著,体现出较高的相纯度,进一步佐证了在100 GPa附近出现的体积收缩是该相的固有特性。基于已有研究,氢化物中出现此类现象通常归因于氢含量在降压过程中的急剧减少。
通过精修样品HS1和样品LS2在降压过程的XRD谱,得到2个样品在不同压力(p)下的体积(V),如图2所示。2个样品中的FCC相在不同压力下的体积基本分布在同一p-V曲线上,进一步印证了主相成分的一致性。相较于Semenok等[20]报道的Fm$ \overline{3} $m ThH10,本研究合成的FCC相展现出明显更小的晶胞体积,该差异可能源于Y原子的引入形成了三元Th-Y-H氢化物结构—Y较小的原子半径引起晶格收缩(170 GPa下单质Th与Y的体积差为1.617 Å3)。在100 GPa以上的压力区间,二者的体积随压力的变化趋势高度吻合,在170、150和120 GPa处的体积差分别约为0.57、0.54和0.56 Å3,这种变化的一致性表明本研究合成的样品与文献[20]报道的ThH10具有相近的氢含量。考虑到单质与化合物在化学键合、电子结构等方面的差异,不宜简单通过金属单质的体积差推算三元产物中Y的实际占比。因此,以Fm$ \overline{3} $m ThH10为母体结构,通过元素取代方式建立了Y原子占比分别为50.0%和12.5%的理论模型,即Th0.5Y0.5H10和Th0.875Y0.125H10。将其理论体积与实验测量值进行比较,发现在100~170 GPa范围内,Th0.875Y0.125H10与实验样品间的偏差程度与理论研究及实验合成的ThH10所呈现的差异相当,且均在130 GPa附近与实验数据最为接近,说明实验中Y元素在晶格中的占比与Th0.875Y0.125H10接近。综合分析表明,样品HS1和样品LS2的主体相应为三元(Th,Y)H10,其中,Y元素的原子百分比为10%~15%。
对合成的3个样品HS1、LS1和LS2均开展了低温电输运测试,以探究其超导电性。其中,样品HS1和样品LS2仅在加热合成后进行一次测量,而样品LS1在降压过程中进行了多次测量,初始压力为144 GPa,降压间隔约为15 GPa。与文献[20]报道的ThH10相比,在相近压力下制备的样品HS1在170 GPa时的Tc达到176 K(图3(a)),提升约10%。值得注意的是,这一Tc的提升是在样品体积减小的前提下实现的,更有力地证实了生成产物并非氢含量较低的二元相,而是掺入Y元素形成的三元氢化物。结合图1(c)所示的XRD谱分析,该样品的化学成分较为复杂,在电输运测量中出现2个电阻下降台阶情况,且在2 K时仍有较高的残余电阻(约0.02 Ω)。与本体系内的二元氢化物实验结果对比(图3(d)),其较低的Tc与文献[32]报道的YH4相当,说明在样品中可能存在该相。这类低氢相通常是由于激光加热过程中温度分布不均,在样品边缘温度偏低的区域形成的,在样品中心的XRD测量中并未识别到此相。对于在较低压力(150 GPa)下合成的样品LS1,首次加热后观测到高达184 K的Tc,这也是本研究记录到的最高值。在144 GPa下的电输运测量过程中,其电阻值先降至较低水平,继而缓慢下降,直至约25 K时进入零电阻状态。降压后,室温电阻上升,Tc下降,即使在降温至2 K时仍存有残余电阻(约10−4 Ω)。在100 GPa时,该样品的Tc降至170 K;而当压力进一步降低时,超导转变现象完全消失。样品LS1中超导态–金属态的转变,与样品HS1和样品LS2中观察到的异常体积收缩所处的压力区间相吻合。这表明,在Th-Y-H体系中,样品的超导性能与其氢含量具有较强的依赖关系,在100~95 GPa压力区间内,氢含量的急剧减少是导致超导现象消失的主要原因。由图3(c)可见,对于样品LS2(与样品LS1在相同压力下合成),其在146 GPa时的Tc为174 K,低于具有相近体积和组成的样品HS1,与样品LS2中Tc随压力变化的趋势(dTc/dp>0)保持一致。相比之下,样品LS1中观察到的更高Tc很可能与其不同的Y含量有关。如图1(d)的XRD谱所示,样品LS2中的杂质相较少,电输运测量显示,其在电阻骤降后迅速进入零电阻状态。
超导体除零电阻外的另一本质特征是迈斯纳效应,即完全抗磁性。然而,由于高压下合成的超氢化物样品尺寸通常在微米量级,直接通过实验观测迈斯纳效应极具挑战性。依据传统超导理论,可通过测量外加磁场对Tc产生的抑制作用来验证超导态的存在。如图4(a)所示,在144 GPa压力下,随着磁场从0 T增加至12 T,样品LS1的电阻骤降温度点明显向低温区偏移,这一现象与零电阻行为的协同观测证实了超导现象的真实性。进一步,基于Werthamer-Helfand-Hohenberg(WHH)模型[33]和Ginzburg-Landau(GL)模型[34]进行拟合,如图4(b)所示,该样品在0 K下的上临界场μ0Hc2μ0为真空磁导率,Hc2为磁场强度)分别为52和39 T,对应的相干长度分别为25.2和29.1 Å,较高的临界磁场与较短的相干长度均为第二类超导体的典型特征。
近年来,实验上已成功合成多种三元氢化物,其中,较为普遍的合成路径是通过预先制备合金前驱体(如熔炼或磁控溅射等方法),以NH3BH3作为氢源,在高温高压条件下进行,如(La,Y)H10[8]、(La,Al)H10[14]以及LaBeH8[12]等均属此类;此外,亦有研究采用不同元素单质、低氢化物和NH3BH3为前驱体,在高压高温环境中完成反应,如LaB2H8[15]和(Y,S)H6[18]等。本研究采用含氢化合物参与反应的做法[35],尝试以金属Th、金属氢化物YH3和NH3BH3为初始反应物进行高温高压合成,虽成功获得了三元(Th,Y)H10相,但其中Y元素的含量远低于Th,显示出该方法在元素比例控制方面存在明显局限。究其原因,一方面是样品装配过程中难以精确控制Th与YH3的相对摩尔比,另一方面则可能反映了两者在高温高压环境下扩散融合的动力学障碍。类似现象在Y-S-H体系中亦可观察到,硫元素仅能以较低浓度掺入晶格;与之相反,在La-B-H体系中,硼可大量进入结构单元形成主相LaB2H8。由此说明,无论前驱体是金属+氢化物、金属+单质或氢化物+单质,能否实现元素融合受限于一定的物理化学条件。结合已有研究结果推测,若要实现高效融合,至少其中一种元素应为小原子半径的元素,如硼、碳等。对于2种原子半径较大的金属元素而言,预先通过合金化方式实现原子尺度混合再进行高温高压合成是更为理想的途径,还可效仿La-Al-H体系的研究经验,通过系统调节2个组元的比例,探寻最优合成条件。
采用DAC高压技术和原位激光加热技术,在高温高压条件下合成了三元Th-Y-H氢化物,并进行了结构和超导表征。结合同步辐射XRD测量和理论预测,结果表明,合成的产物主要是Fm$ \overline{3} $m (Th,Y)H10,其中Y元素的占比为10%~15%。电输运测量结果显示:合成产物在相同压力下的Tc较ThH10提升约10%,在144 GPa测得的最高Tc为184 K;当压力降至100 GPa时,其Tc降至170 K,但仍接近该压力下已知氢化物的最高Tc。外加磁场下的电输运测量证实了超导的存在,通过WHH模型和GL模型估计样品在0 K的上临界场为52和39 T。虽然在Th-Y-H体系中以Th、YH3和NH3BH3为前驱体进行高温高压合成难以精确调控元素比例,但仍实现了新三元超导相的合成与性能提升。若采用合金和NH3BH3作为前驱体的合成策略,或将有助于实现更优异的组分控制,从而进一步提高Tc。综上所述,本研究不仅在实验上取得了Th-Y-H三元氢化物合成的初步成功,更重要的是,进一步验证了“多元金属掺杂”策略在调控氢化物超导性能方面的正确性与普适性,为在中等乃至更低压力下探索高Tc超导氢化物提供了重要的实验依据与研究思路。
感谢上海同步辐射实验辅助系统(https://cstr.cn/31124.02.SSRF.LAB)在同步辐射XRD测量时提供的压力标定方面的协助。
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doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20251268
  • 接收时间:2025-11-26
  • 首发时间:2026-04-29
  • 出版时间:2026-04-05
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  • 收稿日期:2025-11-26
  • 修回日期:2025-12-28
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    1燕山大学亚稳材料全国重点实验室, 河北 秦皇岛 066000
    2燕山大学材料科学与工程学院, 河北 秦皇岛 066000

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高国英(1981-),女,博士,教授,主要从事新型亚稳材料的理论设计与实验合成研究. E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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