Article(id=1325141562954482606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, issueId=1325141422059434771, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11858/gywlxb.20251290, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1766937600000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-29, revisedDate=1772035200000, revisedDateStr=2026-02-26, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793867968548, onlineDateStr=2026-11-05, pubDate=1785859200000, pubDateStr=2026-08-05, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793867968548, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793867968548, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793867968548, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1325141422059434771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, year='2026', volume='40', issue='8', pageStart='080101-1', pageEnd='080111-13', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1785859200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-05', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793867934956, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793868226120, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1325142643738551272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, issueId=1325141422059434771, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1325142643738551273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, issueId=1325141422059434771, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=080106-1, endPage=080106-22, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1325141564208579503, articleId=1325141562954482606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, language=EN, title=Statistical Characteristics of Spallation Based on Stochastic Numerical Simulation, columnId=1325141422910878484, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, columnName=Dynamic Damage and Failure of Metals and Alloys, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This work integrates stochastic theory with a phase-field model for spallation in ductile metals. By assigning four distinct random distributions to the initial yield strength to characterize the random distribution of material defects and employing an explicit dynamic solver, the entire process of spall damage—from gradual evolution to instability and coalescence—was successfully simulated. The simulation results were validated through plate impact experiments and triangular wave loading experiments. These validations revealed the relationship between the heterogeneity of material yield strength and both the spall strength and the number/area of damaged zones. The results indicate a negative correlation between the standard deviation of the initial yield strength and the spall strength, which holds for both single and multiple spall scenarios in ductile metals. For single spallation, regardless of the initial distribution of yield strength, the resulting spall strength follows a normal distribution. For multiple spallation, the number of initially nucleated damaged zones increases linearly with the standard deviation, while the size of these zones follows a Weibull distribution. Under the same initial random distribution, the number of damaged zones evolves over time, showing a trend of initial slow growth, subsequent acceleration until saturation, and a final decline after saturation. This trend corresponds to the typical process of damage evolution involving nucleation and coalescence during spallation.

, authors=Youhao GUAN, Hao ZHANG, Xiaoyang PEI, authorsList=Youhao GUAN, Hao ZHANG, Xiaoyang PEI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hao ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1325141593581290469, articleId=1325141562954482606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, language=CN, title=基于随机数值模拟的层裂统计特性, columnId=1325141423070262038, journalTitle=高压物理学报, columnName=金属及合金材料动态损伤破坏, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

通过融合随机理论与延性金属层裂相场模型,设置初始屈服强度服从4种随机分布以表征材料缺陷的随机分布,再利用显式动力学求解,实现了层裂损伤从渐进演化到失稳贯通过程的模拟。通过平板撞击实验和三角波加载实验对模拟结果进行验证,揭示了材料屈服强度不均匀性与层裂强度及损伤数量面积的关系。结果表明:不论是延性金属材料的单层层裂还是多层层裂,其初始屈服强度标准差与层裂强度均呈负相关关系;对于单层层裂,无论初始屈服强度采用何种分布,其层裂强度均服从正态分布。对于多层层裂,初始成核时损伤区数量随着初始屈服强度标准差的增大而线性增大,损伤区大小均服从Weibull分布;而在同一初始随机分布下,损伤区数量随时间演化呈初始缓慢增长-随后加速直至饱和-饱和后再下降的趋势,对应了层裂损伤演化成核贯通的典型过程。

, authors=管尤好, 张豪, 裴晓阳, authorsList=管尤好, 张豪, 裴晓阳, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张豪, authorNote=

管尤好(1999-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事材料的冲击动力学行为研究. E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
张 豪(1988-),男,博士,副研究员,主要从事材料的冲击动力学行为研究. E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《高压物理学报》编辑部 2026, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=M425P06EsSa7A0foRT+J0Q==, magXml=kjysllCUFIYKgWEswSSv2w==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=W4BTcq9P+wum8Z7R4t40jw==, pdfFileSize=8172574, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=J3D4xIS+9kvx7RW2wnFhQQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=BPtmMXLl7lNuc0P81boNCw==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1325141596173370346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=2622458745@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1325141596483748844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, authorId=1325141596173370346, language=EN, stringName=Youhao GUAN, firstName=Youhao, middleName=null, lastName=GUAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP, Mianyang 621999, Sichuan, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1325141596919956461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, authorId=1325141596173370346, language=CN, stringName=管尤好, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所冲击波物理与爆轰物理全国重点实验室, 四川 绵阳 621999, bio={"content":"

管尤好(1999-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事材料的冲击动力学行为研究. E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

管尤好(1999-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事材料的冲击动力学行为研究. E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1325141594894107622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325141594915079143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, companyId=1325141594894107622, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP, Mianyang 621999, Sichuan, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325141594927662056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, companyId=1325141594894107622, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所冲击波物理与爆轰物理全国重点实验室, 四川 绵阳 621999)])]), Author(id=1325141597024814063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=housezh@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1325141597427467249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, authorId=1325141597024814063, language=EN, stringName=Hao ZHANG, firstName=Hao, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP, Mianyang 621999, Sichuan, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1325141601118454770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, authorId=1325141597024814063, language=CN, stringName=张豪, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所冲击波物理与爆轰物理全国重点实验室, 四川 绵阳 621999, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1325141594894107622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325141594915079143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, companyId=1325141594894107622, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP, Mianyang 621999, Sichuan, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325141594927662056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, companyId=1325141594894107622, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所冲击波物理与爆轰物理全国重点实验室, 四川 绵阳 621999)])]), Author(id=1325141601235895284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1325141601936344054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, authorId=1325141601235895284, language=EN, stringName=Xiaoyang PEI, firstName=Xiaoyang, middleName=null, lastName=PEI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP, Mianyang 621999, Sichuan, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1325141602049590263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, authorId=1325141601235895284, language=CN, stringName=裴晓阳, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所冲击波物理与爆轰物理全国重点实验室, 四川 绵阳 621999, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1325141594894107622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325141594915079143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, companyId=1325141594894107622, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP, Mianyang 621999, Sichuan, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325141594927662056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, companyId=1325141594894107622, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所冲击波物理与爆轰物理全国重点实验室, 四川 绵阳 621999)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1325141602410300408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=ductile metal), Keyword(id=1325141602762621945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=spallation), Keyword(id=1325141603207218171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=stochastic model), Keyword(id=1325141603320464380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=phase-field fracture model), Keyword(id=1325141605300175869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=dynamic damage), Keyword(id=1325141605702829054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=延性金属), Keyword(id=1325141606147425279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=层裂), Keyword(id=1325141606621381632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=随机模型), Keyword(id=1325141607015645184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=相场断裂模型), Keyword(id=1325141607376355329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=动态损伤)], refs=[Reference(id=1325141641840951363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ANTOUN T, CURRAN D R, RAZORENOV S V, et al. Spall fracture [M]. New York: Springer, 2003., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141641933226053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CURRAN D R, SEAMAN L, SHOCKEY D A. Dynamic failure of solids [J]. Physics Reports, 1987, 147(5/6): 253–388., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141642289741894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NOELL P J, SILLS R B, BENZERGA A A, et al. Void nucleation during ductile rupture of metals: a review [J]. Progress in Materials Science, 2023, 135: 101085., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141642688200775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DONGARE A M, RAJENDRAN A M, LAMATTINA B, et al. Atomic scale studies of spall behavior in nanocrystalline Cu [J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 2010, 108(11): 113518., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141643065688136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DAS S. Effects of multiscale substructures on the effective behavior and field statistics of porous materials [J]. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 2026, 207: 106411., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141643149574217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=RINEHART J S. Some quantitative data bearing on the scabbing of metals under explosive attack [J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 1951, 22(5): 555–560., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141643506090058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BREED B R, MADER C L, VENABLE D. Technique for the determination of dynamic-tensile-strength characteristics [J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 1967, 38(8): 3271–3275., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141643984240716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TULER F R, BUTCHER B M. A criterion for the time dependence of dynamic fracture [J]. International Journal of Fracture Mechanics, 1968, 4(4): 431–437., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141645582270541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JOHNSON J N. Dynamic fracture and spallation in ductile solids [J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 1981, 52(4): 2812–2825., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141645653573710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SEAMAN L, CURRAN D R, SHOCKEY D A. Computational models for ductile and brittle fracture [J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 1976, 47(11): 4814–4826., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141646001700943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JOHNSON J N, ADDESSIO F L. Tensile plasticity and ductile fracture [J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 1988, 64(12): 6699–6712., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141646089781328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LEE H W, BASARAN C. A review of damage, void evolution, and fatigue life prediction models [J]. Metals, 2021, 11(4): 609., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141646446297169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MOLINARI A, JACQUES N, MERCIER S, et al. A micromechanical model for the dynamic behavior of porous media in the void coalescence stage [J]. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 2015, 71: 1–18., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141646832173138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZUREK A K, THISSELL W R, JOHNSON J N, et al. Micromechanics of spall and damage in tantalum [J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 1996, 60(1): 261–267., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141646920253523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BONORA N, RUGGIERO A, MILELLA P P. Fracture energy effect on spall signal [J]. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2004, 706(1): 439–442., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141647234826324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MOLINARI A, WRIGHT T W. A physical model for nucleation and early growth of voids in ductile materials under dynamic loading [J]. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 2005, 53(7): 1476–1504., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141647314518101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=THOUÉNON C, DUBOIS A, BARRAUD E, et al. Statistical modeling and generation of inertial ductile fracture surfaces [J]. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 2026, 206: 106406., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141647645868118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MIEHE C, SCHÄNZEL L M, ULMER H. Phase field modeling of fracture in multi-physics problems. part Ⅰ. balance of crack surface and failure criteria for brittle crack propagation in thermo-elastic solids [J]. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 2015, 294: 449–485., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141648061104215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张豪, 于继东, 裴晓阳, 等. 相场断裂方法发展概况 [J]. 高压物理学报, 2019, 33(3): 030109., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141648153378904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG H, YU J D, PEI X Y, et al. An overview of phase field approach to fracture [J]. Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, 2019, 33(3): 030109., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141649810128986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=20, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WU J Y. A unified phase-field theory for the mechanics of damage and quasi-brittle failure [J]. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 2017, 103: 72–99., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141649877237851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=21, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG H, PENG H, PEI X Y, et al. A phase-field model for spall fracture [J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 2021, 129(12): 125903., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141649948541020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=22, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HAN H Y, WANG T, HUANG G Y, et al. Study of the dynamic impact spalling of ductile materials based on Gurson-type phase-field model [J]. International Journal of Plasticity, 2024, 181: 104106., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141650254725213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MA X S, WANG G Y, WANG J. Dynamic phase field description on ductile fracture process [J]. Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, 2024, 41(5): 564–574., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141650607046750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=AMBATI M, GERASIMOV T, DE LORENZIS L. Phase-field modeling of ductile fracture [J]. Computational Mechanics, 2015, 55(5): 1017–1040., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141651009699935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=25, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Z, FAN T G, LU Q L, et al. Modeling of thermal shock-induced fracture propagation based on phase-field approach [J]. Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, 2025, 21(4): 851–876., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141651131334752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=26, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG H, PENG H, PEI X Y, et al. Phase-field modeling of coupled spall and adiabatic shear banding and simulation of complex cracks in ductile metals [J]. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 2023, 172: 105186., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141651919863905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=27, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FARACHE D, MISHRA S, TRIPATHI S, et al. Role of dislocations on martensitic transformation temperatures and microstructure: a molecular dynamics study [J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 2024, 136(3): 035106., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141652704198754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=28, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DREMOV V V, CHIRKOV P V, KARAVAEV A V. Molecular dynamics study of the effect of extended ingrain defects on grain growth kinetics in nanocrystalline copper [J]. Scientific Reports, 2021, 11(1): 934., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141654377726051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=29, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SAITOH K I, KURAMITSU K, SATO T, et al. Molecular dynamics study on deformation mechanism of grain boundaries in magnesium crystal: based on coincidence site lattice theory [J]. Journal of Materials, 2018, 2018(1): 4153464., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141654503555172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=30, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DANIELS H E. The statistical theory of the strength of bundles of threads. Ⅰ [J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 1945, 183(995): 405–435., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141655216586853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=31, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SEKULSKI Z. Statistical properties of the yield strength of normal strength hull structural steel plates [J]. Annals of “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. Fascicle Ⅺ Shipbuilding, 2019, 42: 55–64., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141655606657126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=32, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SAKAI T, NAKAJIMA M, TOKAJI K, et al. Statistical distribution patterns in mechanical and fatigue properties of metallic materials [J]. Journal of the Society of Materials Science, 1997, 46(6): 63–74., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141656495849575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=33, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NUKALA P K V V, SIMUNOVIC S. Scaling of fracture strength in disordered quasi-brittle materials [J]. The European Physical Journal B: Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, 2004, 37(1): 91–100., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141656953028712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=34, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HAAGENSEN P J. Statistical aspects of coexisting fatigue failure mechanisms in OFHC copper: UTIAS-TN-112 [R]. UTIAS, 1967., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141658999849065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=35, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BHUIYAN M S, ANZUM T, FORHAD U H, et al. Tensile strength study of stainless-steel using Weibull distribution [J]. Mist International Journal of Science and Technology, 2020, 8(2): 1–6., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141659847098474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=36, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ONO K. A simple estimation method of weibull modulus and verification with strength data [J]. Applied Sciences, 2019, 9(8): 1575., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141660308471915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=37, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WU J Y, NGUYEN V P. A length scale insensitive phase-field damage model for brittle fracture [J]. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 2018, 119: 20–42., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141660673376364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=38, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FRANCFORT G A, MARIGO J J. Revisiting brittle fracture as an energy minimization problem [J]. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 1998, 46(8): 1319–1342., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141661113778285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=39, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GRIFFITH A A. The phenomena of rupture and flow in solids [J]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 1921, 221(582): 163–198., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141661549985902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=40, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HALLQUIST J O. LS-DYNA theoretical manual [M]. USA: Livemore Software Technology Corporation, 1998., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141663227707503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=41, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SAAD F A, LEE W. Random variate generation with formal guarantees [J]. Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages, 2025, 9: 125–149., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141663999459440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=42, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WEIBULL W. A statistical theory of the strength of materials [M]. Stockholm: Generalstabens Litografiska Anstalts Förlag, 1939., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141664418889841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=43, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHAPIRO S S, WILK M B. An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples) [J]. Biometrika, 1965, 52(3/4): 591–611., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141664884457586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[44], rfOrder=44, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GHASEMI A, ZAHEDIASL S. Normality tests for statistical analysis: a guide for non-statisticians [J]. International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2012, 10(2): 486–489., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141665316470899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[45], rfOrder=45, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MASSEY JR F J. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for goodness of fit [J]. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 1951, 46(253): 68–78., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141665689763956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[46], rfOrder=46, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KOLMOGOROV A N. Sulla determinazione empirica di una legge di distribuzione [J]. Giornale dell’ Istituto Italianodegli Attuari, 1933, 4: 83–91., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141665819787381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[47], rfOrder=47, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ROSENFELD A, PFALTZ J L. Sequential operations in digital picture processing [J]. Journal of the ACM, 1966, 13(4): 471–494., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141667799498870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[48], rfOrder=48, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NOVIKOV S A. Shear stress and spall strength of materials under shock loads (review) [J]. Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics, 1981, 22(3): 385–394., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141668256678007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[49], rfOrder=49, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=彭辉, 裴晓阳, 李平, 等. 高纯铜初始层裂的微损伤特性研究 [J]. 物理学报, 2015, 64(21): 216201., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141668650942584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[49], rfOrder=50, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PENG H, PEI X Y, LI P, et al. Micro-damage characteristics of incipient spall in high-purity copper [J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 2015, 64(21): 216201., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141669057790073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[50], rfOrder=51, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=彭辉. 延性金属动态拉伸断裂的微损伤聚集特性研究 [D]. 北京: 北京理工大学, 2015: 66–68., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141669452054650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[50], rfOrder=52, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PENG H. Coalescence of micro-damage on dynamic tensile fracture of ductile metal [D]. Beijing: Beijing Institute of Technology, 2015: 66–68., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141669561106555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[51], rfOrder=53, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=VILGE B I, VILGE B B. Statistical concept of the “weakest link” in estimating strength and defects of chemically active composite materials [J]. Model Assisted Statistics and Applications, 2016, 11(1): 81–89., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141671129776253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[52], rfOrder=54, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TOL R S J, YOHE G W. The weakest link hypothesis for adaptive capacity: an empirical test [J]. Global Environmental Change, 2007, 17(2): 218–227., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141672404844670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[53], rfOrder=55, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GREDELJ S, HALILAGIĆ R. The application of central limit theorem in determining structural reliability [C]//Proceedings of the 13th International Scientific Conference on Production Engineering: Development and Modernization of Production. 2022: 1., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141672815886463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[54], rfOrder=56, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LESCOUTE E, DE RESSÉGUIER T, CHEVALIER J M, et al. Ejection of spalled layers from laser shock-loaded metals [J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 2010, 108(9): 093510., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141672954298496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[55], rfOrder=57, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=郑宇轩, 陈磊, 胡时胜, 等. 韧性材料冲击拉伸碎裂中的碎片尺寸分布规律 [J]. 力学学报, 2013, 45(4): 580–587., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141673793159297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[55], rfOrder=58, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHENG Y X, CHEN L, HU S S, et al. Characteristics of fragment size distribution of ductile materials fragmentized under high strainrate tension [J]. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2013, 45(4): 580–587., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141674212589698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[56], rfOrder=59, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=汤佳妮, 徐便, 郑宇轩, 等. 脆性膨胀环动态拉伸碎裂实验研究 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2021, 41(1): 014101., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1325141674606854275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[56], rfOrder=60, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TANG J N, XU B, ZHENG Y X, et al. Experimental study for dynamic fragmentation of brittle expansion rings [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2021, 41(1): 014101., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1325141594894107622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325141594915079143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, companyId=1325141594894107622, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP, Mianyang 621999, Sichuan, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325141594927662056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, companyId=1325141594894107622, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所冲击波物理与爆轰物理全国重点实验室, 四川 绵阳 621999)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1325141607846117378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Initial random number scatter plots under four distributions, figureFileSmall=5PN7B4EXVigNWp1BLgwSBQ==, figureFileBig=J3D4xIS+9kvx7RW2wnFhQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325141609532227587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=CN, label=图1, caption=4种分布下的初始随机数云图, figureFileSmall=5PN7B4EXVigNWp1BLgwSBQ==, figureFileBig=J3D4xIS+9kvx7RW2wnFhQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325141610312368132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Empirical probability density function of initial random numbers under different distributions, figureFileSmall=hAeKtD9R05yIvitYHEAYYA==, figureFileBig=YnLK43dWi2SnM/dxapTCrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325141610387865605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同分布下初始随机数的经验概率密度函数, figureFileSmall=hAeKtD9R05yIvitYHEAYYA==, figureFileBig=YnLK43dWi2SnM/dxapTCrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325141610740187142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Schematic diagram of free surface particle velocity, figureFileSmall=aM0ZegRv69qMtA4cJk/NjQ==, figureFileBig=ntkLjqykgwpa3rTySebiXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325141611209949191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=CN, label=图3, caption=自由面粒子速度示意图, figureFileSmall=aM0ZegRv69qMtA4cJk/NjQ==, figureFileBig=ntkLjqykgwpa3rTySebiXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325141611654545416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Schematic diagram of plate-impact experiment, figureFileSmall=rIWTR+he2KgW1nOpBX2BMg==, figureFileBig=ZcRaGhnXx/PrQr3+gowEpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325141612057198601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=CN, label=图4, caption=平板撞击实验示意图, figureFileSmall=rIWTR+he2KgW1nOpBX2BMg==, figureFileBig=ZcRaGhnXx/PrQr3+gowEpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325141612413714442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Comparison of free surface particle velocity curves between simulation and experimental results, figureFileSmall=CSU1Fi6JfQAKnmFMrnxcBQ==, figureFileBig=ZGcyQRA+RbC7reCIlKhgDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325141614095630348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=CN, label=图5, caption=模拟与实验得到的自由面粒子速度曲线对比, figureFileSmall=CSU1Fi6JfQAKnmFMrnxcBQ==, figureFileBig=ZGcyQRA+RbC7reCIlKhgDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325141614527643661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Comparison of damage distribution between simulation and experimental results, figureFileSmall=1yI4LaVQfyHD2Vb8TB/DTw==, figureFileBig=OmGnyJCcR2m3yMT74CeO8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325141614666055694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=CN, label=图6, caption=损伤分布的模拟与实验结果对比, figureFileSmall=1yI4LaVQfyHD2Vb8TB/DTw==, figureFileBig=OmGnyJCcR2m3yMT74CeO8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325141615374893071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Spall crack surface, figureFileSmall=t6g27RyEcRuc5XDkyhyiFA==, figureFileBig=ZvyypAdfaNAkhb5Syjk0tQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325141615496527888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=CN, label=图7, caption=单层层裂裂纹面, figureFileSmall=t6g27RyEcRuc5XDkyhyiFA==, figureFileBig=ZvyypAdfaNAkhb5Syjk0tQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325141615869820945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Wave propagation during plate impact experiment, figureFileSmall=eKJSWIJn49TxcZXqK5u6/w==, figureFileBig=AZAPZHu8LVMBXC5HKmT/tA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325141616205365266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=CN, label=图8, caption=平板撞击实验的波系传播过程, figureFileSmall=eKJSWIJn49TxcZXqK5u6/w==, figureFileBig=AZAPZHu8LVMBXC5HKmT/tA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325141616276668435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Comparison of free surface particle velocity curves under different distributions with experimental results, figureFileSmall=aIAISIO1mc6E2s9i5vfY2Q==, figureFileBig=lv1G7UmDuBwTynDPmc1Vlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325141616662544404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同分布下自由面粒子速度曲线与实验结果的对比, figureFileSmall=aIAISIO1mc6E2s9i5vfY2Q==, figureFileBig=lv1G7UmDuBwTynDPmc1Vlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325141617023254549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=(a) Comparison between experimental and simulated spall strength of the four experiments under different distributions; (b) error bar chart, figureFileSmall=DqMNIZ8ytcbBifQGN6RXXQ==, figureFileBig=UOCd5hkX+Iwdbo/Z3yIpJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325141618721947670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=CN, label=图10, caption=(a)不同分布下4发实验的层裂强度及其与模拟结果的对比,(b)对应的误差棒, figureFileSmall=DqMNIZ8ytcbBifQGN6RXXQ==, figureFileBig=UOCd5hkX+Iwdbo/Z3yIpJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325141619128795159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=EN, label=Fig. 11, caption=Relationship between spall strength and the standard deviation of the log-normal distribution, figureFileSmall=I7WfYHnhQd4amFROCQRe0g==, figureFileBig=YnaGffWlS3d6ZuPTx5LG4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325141619548225560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=CN, label=图11, caption=层裂强度与对数正态分布标准差的关系, figureFileSmall=I7WfYHnhQd4amFROCQRe0g==, figureFileBig=YnaGffWlS3d6ZuPTx5LG4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325141619657277465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=EN, label=Fig. 12, caption=PDF and CDF of spall strength distribution under different initial random distributions, figureFileSmall=AKCQwDPFo45YdK5BxlgWfw==, figureFileBig=CHQ38gYtx/LCks+v+wCnOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325141620076707866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=CN, label=图12, caption=不同初始随机分布下层裂强度分布的概率密度函数和累积分布函数, figureFileSmall=AKCQwDPFo45YdK5BxlgWfw==, figureFileBig=CHQ38gYtx/LCks+v+wCnOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325141620378697755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=EN, label=Fig. 13, caption=Exponential decay pressure waveform, figureFileSmall=cSYgCauDFvVkC9rwm1m8lg==, figureFileBig=ghXqf71LeRq/XPTPfkaT7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325141620810711068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=CN, label=图13, caption=指数衰减压力波形, figureFileSmall=cSYgCauDFvVkC9rwm1m8lg==, figureFileBig=ghXqf71LeRq/XPTPfkaT7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325141621733457949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=EN, label=Fig. 14, caption=Free surface particle velocity curves, figureFileSmall=yV+fEXua8nIaL7P0G3ErJg==, figureFileBig=E3C3Q+PQ3FQBwR14jkBosQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325141623113383966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=CN, label=图14, caption=自由面粒子速度曲线, figureFileSmall=yV+fEXua8nIaL7P0G3ErJg==, figureFileBig=E3C3Q+PQ3FQBwR14jkBosQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325141624153571359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=EN, label=Fig. 15, caption=Multispall cracking morphology, figureFileSmall=w0b/gCJPrUe8Qb0HajkS2Q==, figureFileBig=bZxh6ph5rL9NpXbisCz8ZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325141624254234656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=CN, label=图15, caption=多层层裂裂纹形貌, figureFileSmall=w0b/gCJPrUe8Qb0HajkS2Q==, figureFileBig=bZxh6ph5rL9NpXbisCz8ZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325141624644304929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=EN, label=Fig. 16, caption=Evolution process of multispall damage, figureFileSmall=AAAC08HZNPHPU1J2Q6NJBw==, figureFileBig=i6cBQ+4Eru1R7wT4lo5+qA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325141625051152418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=CN, label=图16, caption=多层层裂损伤演化过程, figureFileSmall=AAAC08HZNPHPU1J2Q6NJBw==, figureFileBig=i6cBQ+4Eru1R7wT4lo5+qA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325141625428639779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=EN, label=Fig. 17, caption=Analysis diagram of wave system for multilayer delamination under triangular pulse loading, figureFileSmall=GOFRFQI4vWz97sUAuF3rqw==, figureFileBig=eoeMX/5wspahw1vRu+7igg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325141625537691684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=CN, label=图17, caption=三角形脉冲加载下多层层裂波系分析图, figureFileSmall=GOFRFQI4vWz97sUAuF3rqw==, figureFileBig=eoeMX/5wspahw1vRu+7igg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325141627546763302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=EN, label=Fig. 18, caption=Relationship between multi-spall strength and log-normal distribution standard deviation of initial yield strength, figureFileSmall=IJWKWQmT7lWBAdmuAMlkvQ==, figureFileBig=UWFt3CCIidL1fgEDimv1KA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325141627961999399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=CN, label=图18, caption=多层层裂强度与初始屈服强度对数正态分布标准差的关系, figureFileSmall=IJWKWQmT7lWBAdmuAMlkvQ==, figureFileBig=UWFt3CCIidL1fgEDimv1KA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325141628389818408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=EN, label=Fig. 19, caption=Damaged zone of multi-spall, figureFileSmall=DhR08Gwl6o2MQHWGH4cAQg==, figureFileBig=CrCnFW8iLy1pI6biuxixgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325141628788277289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=CN, label=图19, caption=多层层裂损伤区, figureFileSmall=DhR08Gwl6o2MQHWGH4cAQg==, figureFileBig=CrCnFW8iLy1pI6biuxixgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325141629224484906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=EN, label=Fig. 20, caption=Relationship between the number of damaged zones and the standard deviation of initial yield strength, figureFileSmall=xNix+5D8HA85Cb35M7bLgA==, figureFileBig=3SyyJ+J2qrCjzz7DRWK9oA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325141629610360875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=CN, label=图20, caption=损伤区域数量与初始屈服强度标准差的关系, figureFileSmall=xNix+5D8HA85Cb35M7bLgA==, figureFileBig=3SyyJ+J2qrCjzz7DRWK9oA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325141629698441260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=EN, label=Fig. 21, caption=Number of damaged zones for different distributions, figureFileSmall=B1/Wk+ax4VWUHKbqQZFlpA==, figureFileBig=BHdsUcogmjza6ZA5aBN80g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325141630042374189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=CN, label=图21, caption=不同分布下损伤区域数量, figureFileSmall=B1/Wk+ax4VWUHKbqQZFlpA==, figureFileBig=BHdsUcogmjza6ZA5aBN80g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325141630143037486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=EN, label=Fig. 22, caption=Corresponding damage images, figureFileSmall=CtbBOVycqVNhM+CkRB1XUw==, figureFileBig=BIKf6xAKCc8xRgCCVgYn+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325141630465998895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=CN, label=图22, caption=损伤汇聚图像, figureFileSmall=CtbBOVycqVNhM+CkRB1XUw==, figureFileBig=BIKf6xAKCc8xRgCCVgYn+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325141632131137584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=EN, label=Fig. 23, caption=PFD and CFD of the area of damaged zone, figureFileSmall=ms4z3vqZJxheYX7EY57/lQ==, figureFileBig=vIVNaItvj7kT61g7Wcy2pQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325141632202440753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=CN, label=图23, caption=损伤区域大小的概率密度函数和经验累积分布函数, figureFileSmall=ms4z3vqZJxheYX7EY57/lQ==, figureFileBig=vIVNaItvj7kT61g7Wcy2pQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1325141632571539506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Configuration of plate-impact experiments, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Experiment No.Flyer thickness/mmSpecimen thickness/mmv0/(m·s−1)σsp/GPa
A10.320.632471.39
A20.420.822461.30
A30.531.031381.08
A41.042.051180.85
), ArticleFig(id=1325141632978386995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

平板撞击实验条件

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Experiment No.Flyer thickness/mmSpecimen thickness/mmv0/(m·s−1)σsp/GPa
A10.320.632471.39
A20.420.822461.30
A30.531.031381.08
A41.042.051180.85
), ArticleFig(id=1325141633116799028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Parameters of equation-of-state and constitutive equation for OFHC, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
G/GPaA/GPaB/GPak0C
46.60.2300.340
$ {\rho }_{0}/ $(g·cm−3) $ {c} $/(m·s−1)S1 $ {\gamma }_{0} $ $ \alpha $
8.92439101.512.00
), ArticleFig(id=1325141633867579445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

无氧铜的状态方程参数和本构参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
G/GPaA/GPaB/GPak0C
46.60.2300.340
$ {\rho }_{0}/ $(g·cm−3) $ {c} $/(m·s−1)S1 $ {\gamma }_{0} $ $ \alpha $
8.92439101.512.00
), ArticleFig(id=1325141634282815542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=Spall phase-field model parameters for OFHC, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
η/$ \text{μs} $b/$ \text{μm} $ $ {G}_{\text{f}} $/(kJ·m−2)σsp/GPa
0.0251011.39, 1.30, 1.08, 0.85
), ArticleFig(id=1325141634698051639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

无氧铜的层裂相场模型参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
η/$ \text{μs} $b/$ \text{μm} $ $ {G}_{\text{f}} $/(kJ·m−2)σsp/GPa
0.0251011.39, 1.30, 1.08, 0.85
), ArticleFig(id=1325141636338024504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=Shapiro-Wilk test results under different initial random distributions, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Normal distributionLog-normal distributionWeibull distribution
σWPσWPkWP
00.9680.64900.9560.4141.10.9670.636
0.250.9540.3850.250.9620.5241.20.9500.330
0.500.9650.6060.500.9610.5061.30.9710.765
0.750.9680.6780.750.9810.8241.40.9570.489
1.000.9550.3641.000.9700.7141.50.9630.615
1.250.9820.8191.250.9570.4391.60.9900.986
1.500.9720.7471.500.9530.3721.70.9630.615
1.750.9610.5141.750.9640.5671.80.9370.214
2.000.9650.6212.000.9500.3241.90.9370.210
), ArticleFig(id=1325141636468047929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同初始随机分布下的Shapiro-Wilk检验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Normal distributionLog-normal distributionWeibull distribution
σWPσWPkWP
00.9680.64900.9560.4141.10.9670.636
0.250.9540.3850.250.9620.5241.20.9500.330
0.500.9650.6060.500.9610.5061.30.9710.765
0.750.9680.6780.750.9810.8241.40.9570.489
1.000.9550.3641.000.9700.7141.50.9630.615
1.250.9820.8191.250.9570.4391.60.9900.986
1.500.9720.7471.500.9530.3721.70.9630.615
1.750.9610.5141.750.9640.5671.80.9370.214
2.000.9650.6212.000.9500.3241.90.9370.210
), ArticleFig(id=1325141636791009338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=Loading parameters for laser-driven spall experiment, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Experiment No.Material $ {c} $/(m·s−1) $ {\rho }_{0} $/(g·cm−3)pmax/GPaσsp/GPa
B1Aluminum53752.71272.0
), ArticleFig(id=1325141637638258747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

激光加载层裂实验参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Experiment No.Material $ {c} $/(m·s−1) $ {\rho }_{0} $/(g·cm−3)pmax/GPaσsp/GPa
B1Aluminum53752.71272.0
), ArticleFig(id=1325141638032523324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=Constitutive and equation-of-state parameters for Al, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
G/GPaA/GPaB/GPak0C
261.673.00.340
$ {\rho }_{0}/ $(g·cm−3) $ {c} $/(m·s−1)S1 $ {\gamma }_{0} $ $ \alpha $
2.7153751.342.00
), ArticleFig(id=1325141638422593597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

铝的本构和状态方程参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
G/GPaA/GPaB/GPak0C
261.673.00.340
$ {\rho }_{0}/ $(g·cm−3) $ {c} $/(m·s−1)S1 $ {\gamma }_{0} $ $ \alpha $
2.7153751.342.00
), ArticleFig(id=1325141638892355647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=Spall phase-field model parameters for Al, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
η/$ \text{μs} $b/$ \text{μm} $ $ {G}_{\text{f}} $/(kJ·m−2)σsp/GPa
0.01612.0
), ArticleFig(id=1325141639383089216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

铝的层裂相场模型参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
η/$ \text{μs} $b/$ \text{μm} $ $ {G}_{\text{f}} $/(kJ·m−2)σsp/GPa
0.01612.0
), ArticleFig(id=1325141640985313345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=Time corresponding to the peak number of damaged zones under different random distributions µs, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Uniform distributionNormal distributionLog-normal distributionWeibull distribution
0.2160.2140.2150.215
), ArticleFig(id=1325141641379577922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

不同随机分布下损伤区域数量峰值对应的时间

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Uniform distributionNormal distributionLog-normal distributionWeibull distribution
0.2160.2140.2150.215
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1255846718311514113, delFlag=0, nameCn=高压物理学报, nameEn=Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1000-5773, eissn=null, cn=51-1147/O4, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=KWePOcsfwWv2cMGG6VIsRw==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1777346790154, updatedTime=1788952099200, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13041195026, firstLetterCn=G, firstLetterEn=G, subjectCode=Science, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Science, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=KWePOcsfwWv2cMGG6VIsRw==, picEn=yfL33fksqTlch2QW39glNg==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1304522912573182860, language=CN, name=高压物理学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1788952099221, updatedTime=1788952099221, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://gywlxbauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/, submissionEditorUrl=https://gywlxbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/, submissionReviewUrl=https://gywlxbauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1304522912619320205, language=EN, name=Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1788952099232, updatedTime=1788952099232, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://gywlxbauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/, submissionEditorUrl=https://gywlxbeditor.manuscriptcloud.com/, submissionReviewUrl=https://gywlxbauthor.manuscriptcloud.com/, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1255847867265597444, websiteList=[Website(id=1255847989789208939, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1255847867265597444, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gywlxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1777347093294, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1777347319285, updateBy=18614031015, name=高压物理学报-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=高压物理学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1255849119986364878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1255847989789208939, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1777347362753, updateTime=1777347362753, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1255849119952810443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1255847989789208939, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1777347362745, updateTime=1777347362745, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1255849120045085137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1255847989789208939, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1777347362767, updateTime=1777347362767, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1255849119944421834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1255847989789208939, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gywlxb/CN/file/pic?fileId=5J9nsSD+WX0mc+nIBFk2Hg==, createTime=1777347362743, updateTime=1777347362743, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1255849120368046547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1255847989789208939, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1777347362844, updateTime=1777347362844, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1255849119973781965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1255847989789208939, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gywlxb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1777347362750, updateTime=1777347362750, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1255849120347075026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1255847989789208939, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1777347362839, updateTime=1777347362839, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1255849119965393356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1255847989789208939, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1777347362748, updateTime=1777347362748, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1255849120007336399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1255847989789208939, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1777347362758, updateTime=1777347362758, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1255849120019919312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1255847989789208939, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1777347362761, updateTime=1777347362761, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1255847989940203908, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1255847867265597444, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gywlxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1777347093329, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1777347316256, updateBy=18614031015, name=高压物理学报-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1255849089909010882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1255847989940203908, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1777347355582, updateTime=1777347355582, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1255849089871262143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1255847989940203908, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1777347355573, updateTime=1777347355573, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1255849089934176709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1255847989940203908, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1777347355588, updateTime=1777347355588, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1255849089858679230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1255847989940203908, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gywlxb/EN/file/pic?fileId=5J9nsSD+WX0mc+nIBFk2Hg==, createTime=1777347355570, updateTime=1777347355570, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1255849089950953927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1255847989940203908, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1777347355592, updateTime=1777347355592, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1255849089888039361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1255847989940203908, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gywlxb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1777347355577, updateTime=1777347355577, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1255849089942565318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1255847989940203908, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1777347355590, updateTime=1777347355590, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1255849089879650752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1255847989940203908, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1777347355575, updateTime=1777347355575, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1255849089917399491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1255847989940203908, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1777347355584, updateTime=1777347355584, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1255849089925788100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1255847989940203908, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1777347355586, updateTime=1777347355586, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=高压物理学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://www.gywlxb.cn, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, journalPhotoCn=KWePOcsfwWv2cMGG6VIsRw==, journalPhotoEn=yfL33fksqTlch2QW39glNg==, journalFirstLetter=G, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gywlxb/CN/10.11858/gywlxb.20251290, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gywlxb/EN/10.11858/gywlxb.20251290, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gywlxb/CN/PDF/10.11858/gywlxb.20251290, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gywlxb/EN/PDF/10.11858/gywlxb.20251290, aliStartDate=0, aliEndDate=0, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=1, orderTime=1785859200000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
基于随机数值模拟的层裂统计特性
收藏切换
PDF下载
管尤好 , 张豪 , 裴晓阳
高压物理学报 | 金属及合金材料动态损伤破坏 2026,40(8): 080106-1-080106-22
收起
收藏切换
高压物理学报 |金属及合金材料动态损伤破坏 2026 , 40 (8) : 080106-1 -080106-22
基于随机数值模拟的层裂统计特性
全屏
[Author(id=1325141596173370346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=2622458745@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1325141596483748844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, authorId=1325141596173370346, language=EN, stringName=Youhao GUAN, firstName=Youhao, middleName=null, lastName=GUAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP, Mianyang 621999, Sichuan, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1325141596919956461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, authorId=1325141596173370346, language=CN, stringName=管尤好, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所冲击波物理与爆轰物理全国重点实验室, 四川 绵阳 621999, bio={"content":"

管尤好(1999-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事材料的冲击动力学行为研究. E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

管尤好(1999-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事材料的冲击动力学行为研究. E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1325141594894107622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325141594915079143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, companyId=1325141594894107622, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP, Mianyang 621999, Sichuan, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325141594927662056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, companyId=1325141594894107622, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所冲击波物理与爆轰物理全国重点实验室, 四川 绵阳 621999)])]), Author(id=1325141597024814063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=housezh@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1325141597427467249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, authorId=1325141597024814063, language=EN, stringName=Hao ZHANG, firstName=Hao, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP, Mianyang 621999, Sichuan, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1325141601118454770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, authorId=1325141597024814063, language=CN, stringName=张豪, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所冲击波物理与爆轰物理全国重点实验室, 四川 绵阳 621999, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1325141594894107622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325141594915079143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, companyId=1325141594894107622, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP, Mianyang 621999, Sichuan, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325141594927662056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, companyId=1325141594894107622, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所冲击波物理与爆轰物理全国重点实验室, 四川 绵阳 621999)])]), Author(id=1325141601235895284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1325141601936344054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, authorId=1325141601235895284, language=EN, stringName=Xiaoyang PEI, firstName=Xiaoyang, middleName=null, lastName=PEI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP, Mianyang 621999, Sichuan, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1325141602049590263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, authorId=1325141601235895284, language=CN, stringName=裴晓阳, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所冲击波物理与爆轰物理全国重点实验室, 四川 绵阳 621999, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1325141594894107622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325141594915079143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, companyId=1325141594894107622, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP, Mianyang 621999, Sichuan, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1325141594927662056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1255847867265597444, articleId=1325141562954482606, companyId=1325141594894107622, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所冲击波物理与爆轰物理全国重点实验室, 四川 绵阳 621999)])])]
管尤好 , 张豪 , 裴晓阳
作者信息
  • 中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所冲击波物理与爆轰物理全国重点实验室, 四川 绵阳 621999
通讯作者:
张 豪(1988-),男,博士,副研究员,主要从事材料的冲击动力学行为研究. E-mail:
作者简介:

管尤好(1999-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事材料的冲击动力学行为研究. E-mail:

Statistical Characteristics of Spallation Based on Stochastic Numerical Simulation
Youhao GUAN , Hao ZHANG , Xiaoyang PEI
Affiliations
  • National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, CAEP, Mianyang 621999, Sichuan, China
出版时间: 2026-08-05 doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20251290
文章导航
收藏切换

通过融合随机理论与延性金属层裂相场模型,设置初始屈服强度服从4种随机分布以表征材料缺陷的随机分布,再利用显式动力学求解,实现了层裂损伤从渐进演化到失稳贯通过程的模拟。通过平板撞击实验和三角波加载实验对模拟结果进行验证,揭示了材料屈服强度不均匀性与层裂强度及损伤数量面积的关系。结果表明:不论是延性金属材料的单层层裂还是多层层裂,其初始屈服强度标准差与层裂强度均呈负相关关系;对于单层层裂,无论初始屈服强度采用何种分布,其层裂强度均服从正态分布。对于多层层裂,初始成核时损伤区数量随着初始屈服强度标准差的增大而线性增大,损伤区大小均服从Weibull分布;而在同一初始随机分布下,损伤区数量随时间演化呈初始缓慢增长-随后加速直至饱和-饱和后再下降的趋势,对应了层裂损伤演化成核贯通的典型过程。

延性金属  /  层裂  /  随机模型  /  相场断裂模型  /  动态损伤

This work integrates stochastic theory with a phase-field model for spallation in ductile metals. By assigning four distinct random distributions to the initial yield strength to characterize the random distribution of material defects and employing an explicit dynamic solver, the entire process of spall damage—from gradual evolution to instability and coalescence—was successfully simulated. The simulation results were validated through plate impact experiments and triangular wave loading experiments. These validations revealed the relationship between the heterogeneity of material yield strength and both the spall strength and the number/area of damaged zones. The results indicate a negative correlation between the standard deviation of the initial yield strength and the spall strength, which holds for both single and multiple spall scenarios in ductile metals. For single spallation, regardless of the initial distribution of yield strength, the resulting spall strength follows a normal distribution. For multiple spallation, the number of initially nucleated damaged zones increases linearly with the standard deviation, while the size of these zones follows a Weibull distribution. Under the same initial random distribution, the number of damaged zones evolves over time, showing a trend of initial slow growth, subsequent acceleration until saturation, and a final decline after saturation. This trend corresponds to the typical process of damage evolution involving nucleation and coalescence during spallation.

ductile metal  /  spallation  /  stochastic model  /  phase-field fracture model  /  dynamic damage
管尤好, 张豪, 裴晓阳. 基于随机数值模拟的层裂统计特性. 高压物理学报, 2026 , 40 (8) : 080106-1 -080106-22 . DOI: 10.11858/gywlxb.20251290
Youhao GUAN, Hao ZHANG, Xiaoyang PEI. Statistical Characteristics of Spallation Based on Stochastic Numerical Simulation[J]. Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, 2026 , 40 (8) : 080106-1 -080106-22 . DOI: 10.11858/gywlxb.20251290
层裂是应力波在物质界面反射形成稀疏波相互作用引起的动态损伤破坏现象,涉及材料在极端条件下的复杂物理过程,包括塑性局域化、损伤大变形(微孔洞、长大和贯通)、形成宏观裂纹直至最终破碎离散等阶段,这一过程涵盖了从微观到宏观的多尺度耦合,具有丰富的物理内涵和重要的学术价值[1–2]。层裂会显著削弱结构的力学性能,是航天器防护、装甲抗穿透、核反应堆容器寿命设计中的关键科学问题,具有重要的工程应用价值。真实材料在微观上并非是均质连续的,存在晶界、孪晶界、夹杂物、位错等微结构缺陷[3–5],在冲击作用下,由于波的相互作用,上述微结构在拉伸状态下会出现界面脱黏或夹杂破碎,从而产生初始孔洞,而材料的微结构缺陷分布呈随机性,导致孔洞萌生位置和萌生时间具有明显的随机性。大量实验结果显示,层裂断面粗糙(以下称为层裂面粗化现象),甚至呈分形状,这正是缺陷随机分布造成的宏观效应。因此,研究材料缺陷分布的随机模型对层裂的影响规律,对于揭示延性金属在极端环境下的破坏机理、实现工程结构的可靠性设计具有重要意义。
关于层裂的研究,最早采用瞬时强度模型[6–7],此模型简单,计算效率高。然而,它无法模拟材料在加载过程中的逐步损伤演化,特别是孔洞成核和扩展等细观过程,因此,计算得到的自由面粒子速度曲线的拟合效果往往不够理想。随后,Tuler等[8]提出了损伤累积模型,Johnson[9]提出了孔洞增长模型,Seaman等[10]在连续性本构关系中引入了微损伤(包括孔洞和微裂纹)的统计描述,之后Johnson等[11]和Lee等[12]提出了同时适合于延性材料和脆性材料的成核增长(nucleation and growth,NAG)模型,这些模型相较于瞬时模型,能更好地给出自由面粒子速度,但其建立大多基于单一孔洞分析或是对回收实验结果的统计描述,难以准确给出介观尺度大量孔洞聚集等复杂的相互作用过程,也难以准确预测回跳信号后的自由面粒子速度曲线。为了建立更准确的模型,Molinari等[13]考虑了孔洞聚集时应力的软化度或总能量释放率,使模型能更准确地描述层裂损伤的演化过程[14–15],更好地给出回跳后的粒子速度曲线。随后,为了更好地考虑材料缺陷的随机性,研究人员引入了考虑形核行为的复杂模型。Molinari等[16]提出了随机形核假设,即孔洞成核是一个随机过程,材料的微缺陷(如孔洞)分布具有空间随机性,且其形核过程对环境应力和材料微结构的变化高度敏感,该假设被广泛应用于层裂模拟中。进一步地,Thouénon等[17]提出了形核位点的双重空间分布模型,该模型指出:在平面内,形核位点呈泊松分布,即形核点为无规则分布;而在平面外,形核点则表现为高斯相关分布,显示出一定的长程关联。这表明,虽然形核点在二维平面内是随机分布的,但其在三维空间中的分布则受到较大范围内力学行为与微观缺陷的影响,呈现出相关性较强的特点。上述研究表明,材料的形核行为不仅仅是局部的随机过程,而是与材料整体的微观结构和外界载荷的相互作用密切相关。同时,这种空间相关性对于模拟层裂这种真实复杂裂纹至关重要。然而,虽然上述模型在建模过程中考虑了随机性的影响,但是得到的宏观模型是一个均匀化模型,模拟得到的是均匀的层裂带,无法呈现孔洞裂纹复杂的随机分布形貌,从而无法分析材料缺陷分布造成的随机性结果。
近年来,相场方法开始被用于模拟各类材料在动态断裂与冲击条件下的随机复杂裂纹起始与扩展行为[18–19]。Wu[20]提出的相场损伤断裂理论为延性材料的层裂行为研究提供了新的思路。基于此,Zhang等[21]、Han等[22]分别提出了层裂相场模型。通过能量泛函与相场演化方程,构建可描述微孔洞成核、长大与宏观断裂的连续损伤框架,使得层裂动力学过程能够在数值上无网格依赖地再现,并与冲击实验得到的自由面速度信号匹配良好。此外,最新研究进一步将晶体塑性与相场断裂耦合[23],揭示了金属在不同应变率下的断裂模式转变机制,以及位错密度对宏观断裂控制的作用,为动态断裂机理尤其是在高应变率载荷下的材料响应提供了介观物理描述。在延性断裂与层裂问题中,随着研究的深入,学者们提出了多种适用于复杂材料行为的相场模型。针对小应变塑性条件下的延性断裂,已有综述系统讨论了相场模型在考虑耗散机制、塑性累积与裂纹发展的数值实现与算法设计[24],强调了相场方法在捕捉延性材料损伤过程中多机制竞争的能力。同时,相场方法也被用于含热-力耦合、多场交互作用等复杂断裂问题的建模,例如,在热冲击诱导裂纹演化中,热-力-水耦合相场模型被用来分析热应力引起的裂缝网络发展[25]。相场模型不断向高维、多物理场耦合与更广泛材料类别拓展,显示出其在复杂断裂行为模拟中的通用性与适应性。除了完善模型本体以外,近期研究还关注了引入材料内部的随机性因素,以提升统计层面的预测能力。在空间非均质材料或随机场载荷条件下,通过将关键材料参数视为随机场,构建的随机相场模型能够模拟实际材料内部缺陷分布对宏观断裂行为及统计规律的影响,为材料可靠性评估提供了新的理论与数值工具。特别是,Zhang等[21]再现了延性层裂面粗化现象,使得模拟的层裂裂纹分布结果与实验结果高度一致,揭示了分布式孔洞萌生、长大、贯通形成延性裂纹面的典型过程是造成层裂面粗化的细观机制[26]。遗憾的是,该研究仅是初步探索,仅给出了基于固定的随机分布模型(均匀分布)产生的非均匀性结果,未分析不同随机分布模型对层裂裂纹分布的影响,也没有给出何种分布最适合描述层裂随机性。
为了模拟研究材料的初始缺陷分布对层裂结果的影响,需要对材料的初始缺陷进行建模。针对材料缺陷分布,可以采用直接建模,利用分子动力学、离散位错等方法,建立晶粒位错等真实微观结构[27–29],并在实际材料中随机分布此类微结构进行大规模计算,但是该方法对计算资源的要求较高,建模极其繁杂。随机理论则通过概率分布描述材料关键参数的随机性,避免了对每个缺陷的详细建模,显著减少了计算复杂度,并提高了计算效率。这种方法不仅能够更高效地反映材料的异质性,还能通过统计描述来捕捉材料性能的随机性,因此,在20世纪四五十年代即被广泛应用于材料的强度统计理论[30]。然而,不同的概率分布模型适用于不同类型的材料,最常用的分布模型包括正态分布、对数正态分布、Weibull分布等。其中,正态分布通常用于描述缺陷较均匀、分布相对对称的材料特性,如金属材料的屈服强度和硬度等属性。Sekulski[31]对普通强度船壳结构钢板的屈服强度进行了统计,指出其分布近似呈正态分布或对数正态分布。对于缺陷分布呈右偏(少量极大值、更多小值)且微观异质性较强的材料,对数正态分布被认为是一个更合适的统计模型。Sakai等[32]和Nukala等[33]指出,在具有广泛异质性的准脆性材料中,断裂强度分布更符合对数正态分布而非Weibull分布或Gumbel分布。Haagensen[34]提出了一个重要的观点,Weibull分布可广泛应用于描述材料的断裂强度和疲劳寿命,尤其适用于那些具有不均匀缺陷分布的材料。例如,Bhuiyan等[35]对304不锈钢的拉伸强度进行了统计分析,发现其拉伸强度数据可以通过两参数Weibull分布准确描述;Ono[36]提出,通过Weibull模量的估算方法,能够有效描述金属合金的断裂强度分布。由此可以看出,不同类型的材料以及具有不同模型参数的同种材料都会呈现不同的随机分布特性,但何种随机分布模型最适合描述层裂行为,目前还没有定论。
综上所述,当前层裂统计特性研究存在的主要问题是:(1) 大多数模型未考虑材料缺陷分布的随机性,无法准确预测材料缺陷分布导致的层裂随机性特征;(2) 缺乏不同统计分布(均匀分布、正态分布、对数正态分布、Weibull分布等)对层裂强度和裂纹形貌的影响研究,不能确定何种随机模型最能反映实际材料的缺陷分布;(3) 跨尺度关联不足,难以将微观缺陷统计特性与层裂宏观特性(如层裂强度和损伤分布)相关联。针对上述问题,本研究在相场层裂模拟方法的基础上,通过引入不同的随机分布模型来描述微观结构的初始随机分布,基于模拟得到的层裂强度及损伤分布的随机特征,分析不同随机模型对材料层裂统计特性的影响。
本研究聚焦于延性金属的层裂行为,结合了相场损伤断裂模型和随机理论,旨在揭示材料微结构随机分布特征对层裂的影响。首先,基于相场损伤断裂理论[37–39]构建层裂模型;然后,引入随机理论中4种常见的概率分布(均匀分布、正态分布、对数正态分布和Weibull分布),表征材料的初始屈服强度,以研究随机模型对层裂强度和损伤分布的影响。
首先,对前期建立的层裂相场模型做简要概述,详细描述见文献[21]。层裂相场模型基于体量-偏量分解,无损伤材料的体量-偏量分解形式为
$ \overline{\boldsymbol{\sigma }}=-\overline{p}\boldsymbol{I}+\overline{\boldsymbol{s}}$
式中:$ \overline{\boldsymbol{\sigma }} $为不考虑损伤退化的有效应力,压力$ \overline{p}=-\text{trace} \left(\overline{\boldsymbol{\sigma }}\right)/3 $, $ \overline{\boldsymbol{s}} $为偏应力,$ \boldsymbol{I} $为单位对角矩阵。
体量部分由Grüneisen状态方程求解,即
$ \overline{p}=\beta {\rho }_{0}{c}^{2}\chi +\left({\gamma }_{0}+\alpha \chi \right)e_V$
式中:$ \beta $为系数;$ {\rho }_{0} $为初始密度;压缩系数$ \chi =\rho \slash {\rho }_{0}-1 $,由当前密度$ \rho $和初始密度$ {\rho }_{0} $确定;$ e_V $为单位体积内能;$ c $为体波声速;$ {\gamma }_{0} $、$ \alpha $为材料参数[40]。$ \beta $由应力状态决定
$ \beta =H\left(-\chi \right)+H\left(\chi \right)\frac{1+\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2}{\gamma }_{0}\right)\chi -\dfrac{1}{2}\alpha {\chi }^{2}}{{\left[1-\left({S}_{1}-1\right)\chi \right]}^{2}} $
式中:$ H\left(x\right) $为Heaviside函数,当$ x\geqslant 0 $时,$ H\left(x\right)=1 $,当$ x< 0 $时,$ H\left(x\right)=0 $;$ {S}_{1} $为材料参数[40]。
偏量部分通过流体弹塑性进行求解,即
$ \left\{\begin{array}{l}\dot{\overline{\boldsymbol{s}} }=2{G}_{0}{\dot{\boldsymbol{e}}}^{\rm {e}}=2{G}_{0}\left(\dot{{{\boldsymbol{e}} }}-{\dot{{\boldsymbol {e}} }}^{\text{p}}\right)\\f(\boldsymbol{\sigma} )=\sqrt{3\overline{{J}_{2}}}-{\sigma }_{\text{y}}\leqslant 0,\;\;\;\;\;\;\overline{{J}_{2}}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overline{\boldsymbol{s}}\colon \overline{\boldsymbol{s}} \\{\dot{\boldsymbol{e}}}^{\text{p}}=\dot{\lambda }\dfrac{3\overline{\boldsymbol{s}}}{2\sqrt{3\overline{{J}_{2}}}}\\\dot{\lambda }\geqslant 0,\;\;\;\;\;\;f\leqslant 0,\;\;\;\;\;\;{\dot{\lambda} }f=0\end{array} \right.$
式中:第1式为弹性应力-应变关系,第2式为von Mises屈服准则,第3式为塑性流动法则,第4式为塑性流动率Kuhn-Tucker加卸载条件;$ {G}_{0} $为剪切模量;$ {\dot{\boldsymbol{e}}}^{\text{e}} $和$ {\dot{{{\boldsymbol {e}} }}}^{\rm{p}} $分别为偏应变率$ \dot{{{\boldsymbol{e}} }} $的弹性和塑性应变率;σ为应力张量;$ \overline{{J}_{2}} $为von Mises等效应力;$ {\sigma }_{\text{y}} $为屈服应力;$ \dot{\lambda } $为流动因子;$ f $为屈服函数。
屈服应力采用Johnson-Cook模型描述,即
$ {\sigma }_{\text{y}}=\left(A+B\varepsilon _{\text{p}}^{k_0}\right)\left(1+C\ln \frac{{\dot{\varepsilon }}_{\text{p}}}{{\dot{\varepsilon }}_{0}}\right)\omega_T \left(T\right) $
式中:A 为初始屈服强度,B 为硬化模量,k0为硬化指数,C 为应变率敏感系数,$ {\varepsilon }_{\text{p}} $为等效塑性应变,$ {\dot{\varepsilon }}_{\text{p}} $为等效塑性应变率,$ {\dot{\varepsilon }}_{0} $为参考应变率,$ \omega_T \left(T\right) $为温度软化项。
在完好材料模型的基础上考虑损伤的影响,损伤控制方程(即相场控制方程)如下
$ \overline{\eta }\dot{d}=2{b}^{2}\Delta d-\omega_{\rm e} \left(d\right)D-\varphi \left(d\right)$
式中:$ b $为相场参数;$ \overline{\eta }={{c}_{\alpha }b}\eta/{{G}_{\rm f}} $,$ \eta $为黏性系数,$ {c}_{\alpha } $为数值常数,$ {G}_{\text{f}} $为断裂能;d为损伤变量;$ \dot{d} $为损伤变量随时间变化率;$ \text{Δ}d $为相场变量的梯度;$ D $为损伤驱动力;$ \omega_{\rm e} \left(d\right) $和$ \varphi \left(d\right) $分别为材料的能量释放函数和裂纹几何函数。层裂由拉伸部分体应变能驱动,表示为
$ D=-\int\nolimits_{\nu }^{t}H\left(-\overline{p}\right)\overline{p}\frac{{{\mathrm{d}}}V}{V} $
式中:$ \nu $和$ t $分别为损伤起始时刻和当前时刻。
$ \omega_{\rm e} \left(d\right)=\frac{{\left(1-d\right)}^{m}}{{\left(1-d\right)}^{m}+{a}_{1}d P\left(d\right)},\;\;\;\;\;\;P\left(d\right)=1+{a}_{2}d+{a}_{3}{d}^{2}$
$ \alpha \left(d\right)={2d-d}^{2} $
式中:m、a1、a2、a3为参数。依据Zhang等[21]的研究结果,层裂应为指数衰减形式,$ {a}_{1} $应满足
$ {a}_{1}=\frac{4}{\text{π}} \frac{{l}_{\text{ch}}}{b},\;\;\;\;\;\; {l}_{\text{ch}}=-\frac{\text{d}p}{{{\mathrm{d}}}V/V}\frac{{G}_{\text{f}}}{\sigma^{2}_{\rm {sp}}}$
式中:$ {l}_{\text{ch}} $为Griffith特征长度,$ {\sigma}_{\text{sp}} $为层裂强度。在$ {l}_{\text{ch}} $的表达式中,杨氏模量$ {E}_{0} $用非线性体积模量$ -\text{d}p/({{\mathrm{d}}}V\slash V) $替换。其余参数$ m=2.5 $,$ {a}_{2}=0.174\,8 $,$ {a}_{3}=0 $。
依据以上公式求得损伤后,即可通过含损伤本构关系得到损伤材料的应力,损伤下的球偏分解形式为
$ \boldsymbol{\sigma }=\frac{\partial {\psi }_{\varepsilon }\left(\boldsymbol{\varepsilon },d\right)}{\partial \boldsymbol{\varepsilon }}=\frac{\partial {\psi }_{0}\left(\boldsymbol{\varepsilon }\right)}{\partial \boldsymbol{\varepsilon }}+\omega_{\rm e} \left(d\right)\frac{\partial {\psi }_{\rm d}\left(\boldsymbol{\varepsilon }\right)}{\partial \boldsymbol{\varepsilon }} $
式中:$ \boldsymbol{\varepsilon } $为应变;$ {\psi }_{\varepsilon } $为应变能;$ {\psi }_{0} $为耗散能,与损伤无关;$ {\psi }_{\text{d}} $为存储能,断裂发生后由$ \omega_{\rm e} \left(d\right) $释放。
对比式(1),得到损伤后压力p和偏应力s,即
$ p=H\left(\overline{p}\right)\overline{p}+H\left(-\overline{p}\right)\overline{p}\omega_{\rm e} \left(d\right) $
$ \boldsymbol s=\omega_{\rm e} \left(d\right)\overline{\boldsymbol s}$
延性金属的初始屈服强度较小,本模型中未考虑温度软化,应力软化可由屈服强度直接引入
$ {\sigma }_{\text{Y}}=\omega_{\rm e} \left(d\right)\overline{{\sigma }_{\text{Y}}} $
式中:$ \overline{{\sigma }_{\text{Y}}}$为无损材料的屈服强度。
上述模型通过有限元方法进行求解,具体方法可参考文献[21]。
为了引入不同的随机分布模型,在有限元计算时为每个网格分配一个随机数,以反映材料初始微结构的随机分布特征。该随机数用于赋值网格的材料属性,本工作聚焦屈服强度,因此,该网格材料的屈服强度为该随机数乘以完好材料的屈服强度,其表达式为
$ {\sigma }_{\text{Y}}=\overline{{\sigma }_{\text{Y}}}{F}_{\text{rand}},\;\;\;\;\;\;{F}_{\text{rand}}\sim {f}_{\text{Distributions}}\left({b}_{\text{l}},{b}_{\text{u}}\right) $
式中:$ {F}_{\text{rand}} $为随机数,符合随机分布$ {f}_{\text{Distributions}} $,本研究考虑正态(normal)分布、对数正态(log-normal)分布、Weibull分布和均匀(uniform)分布4种随机分布函数,$ {f}_{\text{Distributions}} $为其一;bu和bl分别为随机分布的上、下界,本研究取$ {b}_{\text{l}} $为0.8,$ {b}_{\text{u}} $为1.2;$ {\sigma }_{\text{Y}} $为随机扰动后的实际屈服强度。下面给出不同分布的随机数生成方法。
均匀分布是一种基本的概率分布,在给定的区间内,所有值出现的概率相等。对于区间 [$ {b}_{\text{l}},{b}_{\text{u}} $]上的均匀分布,其概率密度函数(probability density function, PDF)为
$ {f}_{\text{Uniform}}\left(x\right)=\frac{1}{{b}_{\text{u}}-{b}_{\text{l}}}\;\;\;\;\;\;{b}_{\text{l}}\leqslant x\leqslant {b}_{\text{u}}$
在数值实现中,采用Fortran内置子程序RANDOM_NUMBER生成服从[0, 1]区间均匀分布的随机数,此时$ {b}_{\text{u}}=1 $,$ {b}_{\text{l}}=0 $。基于该均匀分布,通过转化可得到另外几种分布的随机数。
标准正态分布的概率密度函数为
$ {f}_{\text{Normal}}\left(x;\mu ,\sigma \right)=\frac{1}{\sigma \sqrt{2\text{π}}}\exp \left[-\frac{1}{2}{\left(\frac{x-\mu }{\sigma }\right)}^{2}\right] $
式中:$ \mu =0 $,为标准正态分布的均值;$ \sigma =1 $,为标准正态分布的标准差。
对概率密度函数积分,得到累积分布函数(cumulative distribution function, CDF)$ \phi \left(Z\right) $,即
$ \phi \left(Z\right)=\frac{1}{\sigma \sqrt{2\text{π}}}\int\nolimits_{-\infty }^{Z}\exp \left[\frac{1}{2}{\left(\frac{x-\mu }{\sigma }\right)}^{2}\right]\text{d}x$
标准正态分布随机数可由均匀分布随机数$ U\sim {f}_{\text{Uniform}}\left(0{,\,}1\right) $逆变换[41]得到,其转换公式如下
$ Z={\phi }^{-1}\left(U\right),\;\;\;\;\;\;U\sim {f}_{\text{Uniform}}\left(0{,\,}1\right) $
式中:$ {\phi }^{-1}\left(U\right) $为标准正态分布累积分布函数(式(18))的逆函数,即分位函数。该变换得到的随机数Z服从标准正态分布N(0,1), 再对其进行变化
$ X=\mu +\sigma Z$
可得到任意正态分布$ N\left(\mu ,{\sigma }^{2}\right) $的随机数。
如果随机变量$ X> 0 $,并且$ Y=\ln X $服从均值为$ \mu $、标准差为$ \sigma $的正态分布,那么$ X $就服从对数正态分布,常记为$ X\sim {f}_{\text{Log-normal}}(\mu ,{\sigma }^{2}) $。
对数正态分布的概率密度函数为
$ {f}_{\text{Log-normal}}\left(x;\mu ,\sigma \right)=\frac{1}{x\sigma \sqrt{2\text{π}}}\exp \left(-\frac{\ln x-{\mu }^{2}}{2{\sigma }^{2}}\right)$
式中:$ \mu $为底层正态分布Y的均值;$ \sigma $为底层正态分布Y的标准差;$ x $为随机变量,且$ x> 0 $。积分后的累积分布函数为
$ \phi \left(Z\right)=\frac{1}{x\sigma \sqrt{2\text{π}}}\int\nolimits_{0}^{Z}\exp \left(-\frac{\ln x-{\mu }^{2}}{2{\sigma }^{2}}\right)\text{d}x $
生成符合对数正态分布的随机数,首先需要通过式(17)生成符合标准正态分布的随机数,再通过
$ X=\mathrm{exp} (\mu +\sigma Z)$
生成符合对数正态分布的随机数,$ X $即服从对数正态分布$ {f}_{\text{Log-normal}}\left(\mu ,{\sigma }^{2}\right) $的随机数。
Weibull分布是一个从材料断裂强度的最薄弱点概率特性导出的统计函数[42],其概率密度函数为
$ {f}_{X}\left(x;k,\lambda \right)=\frac{k}{\lambda }{\left(\frac{x}{\lambda }\right)}^{k-1}\exp \left[-{\left(\frac{x}{\lambda }\right)}^{k}\right]\;\;\;\;\;\;x\geqslant 0,\;\;\;k> 0,\;\;\;\lambda \gt 0$
式中:$ \lambda $为尺度参数,决定了分布的伸缩;$ k $为形状参数,决定了分布的形状。当$ k< 1 $时,概率密度函数在$ x=0 $处发散;当$ k=1 $时,Weibull分布退化为指数分布;当$ k> 1 $时,分布有一定的峰值位置。其累积分布函数为
$ \phi \left(\textit{z}\right)=1-\exp \left[-{\left(\frac{\textit{z}}{\lambda }\right)}^{k}\right]\;\;\;\;\;\;\textit{z}\geqslant 0,\;\;\;k> 0,\;\;\;\lambda \gt 0 $
同理,Weibull分布随机数同样可以由均匀分布随机数$ U\sim {f}_{\text{Uniform}}\left(0{,}1\right) $逆变换得到,其转换公式如下
$ x=\lambda {\left(-\ln U\right)}^{\tfrac{1}{k}},\;\;\;\;\;\;U\sim {f}_{\text{Uniform}}\left(0{,\,}1\right) $
经式(11)转化得到的X服从目标Weibull分布随机数。
设X满足
$ X=\left({b}_{\text{u}}-{b}_{\text{l}}\right)\frac{x-{x}_{\min }}{{x}_{\max }-{x}_{\min }}+{b}_{\text{l}} $
式中:$ {x}_{\max }=1 $,$ {x}_{\min }=0 $,$ {b}_{\text{u}}=1.2 $,$ {b}_{\text{l}}=0.8 $。对于均匀分布,通过式(27)控制随机数在0.8~1.2区间;对于其他分布,则直接截断0.8以下和1.2以上的随机数,此时概率密度很小。
将不同随机分布的随机数生成方法编入ABAQUS VUMAT,计算得到的初始随机数如图1所示。图1所示区域包含105个网格,即生成了105个随机数。
统计图1中随机数的概率密度,其与理论概率密度的对比如图2所示,可以看出,该随机数生成方法可靠。
得到初始随机数后,就可以开展考虑初始随机分布的层裂模拟,得到的模拟结果同样具有随机性,对结果进行随机性检验(本研究检验了层裂强度和损伤分布),分析其分布特征。
为检验结果是否符合正态分布,使用Shapiro-Wilk检验方法[43],该方法在小样本情形(样本数n<50)下具有较高的检验准确性[44]。Python的科学计算库scipy提供了内置的Shapiro-Wilk检验函数,本研究基于该函数完成检验。针对检验数据,通过Shapiro-Wilk函数得到W(统计量)和P(概率值)。其中,$ W\in \left[0{,\,}1\right], $用于衡量数据与正态分布的吻合程度。W越接近1,表明数据越服从正态分布。通常认为,$ W> 0.9 $表明正态性较好。P是在数据服从正态分布的原假设下,得到当前W(或更极端的值)对应的概率。P越大,支持原假设的证据就越强。通常以0.05为显著性水平,若$ P> 0.05 $,则没有充分理由拒绝原假设,即认为数据服从正态分布。
为检验结果是否符合Weibull分布,使用Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验[45–46]。Weibull分布具有多变的分布形态,且缺乏类似正态分布的简化线性检验方法,Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验因不依赖于分布形状且不要求可线性化,是验证Weibull模型可靠性的标准方法。该检验过程同样通过Python的科学计算库scipy完成,通过该检验可得到P(概率值),P越大,支持原假设的证据越强。通常以0.05为显著性水平,若$ P> 0.05 $,则没有充分理由拒绝原假设,即认为数据服从Weibull分布。
为提取损伤区域数量和尺寸特征,本研究将损伤超过0.9的连续单元簇视为一个独立完整的损伤区域,并采用聚类算法[47]将多层层裂碎裂区中连续、失效的单元簇识别为一个独立的“损伤区域”。该算法有2个关键参数:$ \varepsilon $和MinPts。$ \varepsilon $为距离阈值,判断2个单元是否相邻,取为有限元模拟中单元尺寸的1.5倍,确保空间上相邻且可能属于同一损伤区域的单元被有效识别。MinPts为簇的起点,设定为1,意味着只要有1个高损伤单元,即可被识别为一个簇的起点。这有助于敏感地捕捉层裂损伤成核的初期阶段,从而统计损伤区域的数量和尺寸大小,分析其随时间和随机性标准差的演化规律。实际操作中,在ABAQUS中运行Python的聚类算法代码,将模拟结果输入,即可自动统计出损伤数量和尺寸大小。
图3为层裂自由面粒子速度曲线示意图,该图作为本研究中模型验证的主要参考。从图3可以看出,层裂的典型特征是引起自由面粒子速度曲线回跳,第一平台速度(自由面速度的最大值)与第一速度极小值(回跳信号速度)之差$ \text{Δ}{u}_{\text{f}} $称为回跳速度,代入Novikov[48]基于声学近似提出的层裂强度估算公式
$ {\sigma }_{\text{sp}}=\frac{1}{2}\rho {c}\Delta {u}_{\text{f}} $
可得到层裂强度$ {\sigma }_{\text{sp}} $(声速c一般用零压声速近似)。
单层层裂通过典型的平板撞击实验进行验证,靶板厚度、飞片厚度等实验条件和实验结果[49–50]如表1所示,其中v0为飞片的冲击速度。对其进行二维平面应变模拟,实验构型如图4所示,加载速度、靶板厚度、飞片厚度的设置与实验一致,宽度取1.5 mm(对应实际实验中未受边界稀疏影响的区域),上、下表面采用固定边界条件模拟平面应变状态。飞片和靶板材料均为高导无氧铜(oxygen-free high-conductivity copper,OFHC),Grüneisen状态方程参数和本构参数列于表2,层裂相场模型参数列于表3,其中:G为剪切模量。经收敛性验证,网格尺寸取4 μm时,粒子速度曲线收敛,因此,本研究的网格尺寸取4 μm。
对表1中的4发实验进行模拟,粒子速度曲线结果如图5所示。可见,模拟得到的4种工况下自由面粒子速度曲线的波形特征、回跳幅值均与实验结果保持一致。实验A3和A4的损伤分布如图6所示。可以看出,损伤分布的模拟结果与回收试样观察结果相符,说明所采用的模型和参数可有效描述单层层裂。
在此基础上分析了随机分布(正态分布)的初始屈服强度对层裂的影响,不考虑和考虑随机分布的层裂面模拟结果如图7(a)和图7(b)所示,其中,损伤大于0.9的区域被删掉,以便更好地显示层裂裂纹,后文均如此。不考虑随机分布时,从损伤萌生时的图像(图7(a)左图)可以看出,因孔洞均匀形核,导致直接形成贯穿层裂面,且最终层裂面平整,如图7(a)右图所示;考虑随机分布后,孔洞形核呈现非均匀特征,见图7(b)左图,且最终层裂面起伏不定,如图7(b)右图所示,将该现象称为层裂面粗化现象。与图7(c)所示的实验结果进行对比,可以看出,由于真实材料存在大量缺陷,因此,考虑随机分布模拟得到的层裂面形貌更接近实验结果。
对于上述单层层裂的形成过程,通过如图8所示的平板撞击示意图进行分析。在平板撞击层裂中,有、无考虑随机分布不会对完整层裂面的位置产生影响,只会对层裂面形貌产生影响。其完整作用过程如下:当飞片以速度v0撞击靶板时,在撞击界面处产生初始压缩波(compression wave),该波以一定的速度向靶板内部传播,由于材料具有惯性效应和弹性性质,该压缩波会使靶板内被扰动区域的应力状态产生突变,从初始的静应力状态迅速转变为高压的应力状态;随着压缩波在靶板中传播,当压缩波到达靶板的自由表面时,将发生波的反射,从而形成稀疏波;当不同时刻产生的压缩波和稀疏波在靶板内部相遇并相互作用时,会在材料内部形成拉应力区域,如果该拉应力超过材料的动态拉伸强度,就会导致材料断裂,产生层裂现象。
在此基础上,改变随机分布模型,得到不同分布下的自由面粒子速度曲线,将其与实验结果进行对比,如图9所示。可以看出,不同随机分布对自由面粒子速度曲线的影响较小(进一步验证了模型的准确性),但仍存在微小差异。以下对不同分布下的微小差异进行分析。采用4种分布,对表1所述4发实验各进行10次模拟,统计其层裂强度平均值,结果如图10(a)所示。对同一分布不同实验下的绝对误差取平均值,误差平均值及误差棒如图10(b)所示。可以看出,4种初始随机分布中,对数正态分布在层裂强度统计误差意义下表现出相对更小的平均误差及误差离散。然而,这一结论主要基于层裂强度这一统计指标,这是由于,在自由面粒子速度波形及损伤形貌层面,4种分布模型的模拟结果与实验结果在整体趋势上相对一致,且彼此之间的差异相对有限,但损伤演化形貌无法与真实实验中的单发实验做出明确对比。为定量说明其主要区别,选取层裂强度作为判定依据进行研究。根据Sakai等[32]提出的用对数正态分布表征屈服强度、冲击能、疲劳寿命及裂纹扩展相关参数的统计分布,并认为该分布能够较好地反映金属材料强度相关参数的右偏统计特征。结合本研究中无氧铜材料较为均匀的微观结构特性及上述研究结果,可以认为,在本研究的材料与工况范围内,使屈服强度服从对数正态分布是一种具有工程实用性的随机建模选择。该结论主要基于模型预测,具有材料和工况依赖性,其普适性有待在更多延性金属中验证。
在此基础上,分析层裂强度与对数正态分布标准差的关系。不同标准差下层裂强度的平均值统计结果如图11所示。可以看出,随着初始屈服强度标准差的增大,层裂强度呈单调下降趋势。该现象表明,当随机性幅度增大时,材料中更容易出现极端弱点区域,这些区域在应力波加载初期即进入快速损伤演化阶段,从而提前触发局部失稳,该趋势在物理上符合局部最薄弱区优先失效的最弱链机制[51–52],即宏观层裂强度主要受最早发生失稳的局部区域所控制,而非由材料整体平均强度所决定。
以下考察不同随机分布对层裂强度分布的影响,这里考虑了正态分布、对数正态分布和Weibull分布,均匀分布因无分布参数而未予以考虑。对于正态分布和对数正态分布,通过在合适区间内(区间太大会导致层裂强度偏离实验值太多)改变其标准差,可得到不同标准差下的层裂强度结果;对于Weibull分布,通过改变其形状参数,可得到不同形状参数下的层裂强度结果。每个标准差或形状参数对应一组计算工况,每组进行35 次层裂模拟,得到各组层裂强度的统计结果,如图12所示,其中,中间子图给出了不同分布在一定标准差或形状参数下的层裂强度结果(其他标准差下结果类似),左图和右图显示了对各分布下层裂强度数据进行正态性检验的分析结果,分别为概率密度函数与累积分布函数,其中经验值为正态性检验结果,与理论拟合值吻合良好。进一步量化了不同分布形态下不同标准差或形状参数的层裂强度分布情况,对所有样本进行Shapiro-Wilk正态性检验,检验结果如表4所示。
从表4可以看出,P均大于0.05,且W均接近1,表明无论输入是何种随机分布,其输出量(层裂强度)均服从正态分布。这说明在层裂过程中,输出不确定性的分布形态对输入分布的具体形式不敏感,展现出一种稳定的统计规律。与本工作类似,在相场框架下,层裂的形成并非由单一孔洞或局部缺陷触发,而是由多个空间位置上孔洞成核、长大与相互作用过程协同控制。不同位置处的初始屈服强度随机性、局部应力三轴度的差异以及应力波到达时序的微小偏移,共同决定了局部损伤演化速率与最终贯通时刻。Gredelj等[53]的研究表明,对于一个失效模式较多的结构,虽然其失效概率分析极其复杂,但若能推导出决定该结构是否失效的量化表征参数,那么该参数分布可以近似为正态分布。也就是说,宏观层裂强度可被视为一系列相互独立或弱相关随机变量(如局部屈服强度、孔洞生长速率、局部加载历程)的加权叠加结果。根据中心极限定理,当多个随机因素对同一宏观量产生累积影响时,其总体分布趋向于正态分布。因此,尽管初始随机变量的分布类型不同,但是最终层裂强度仍表现出对输入分布形式不敏感的正态特征。
通过对平板撞击单层层裂实验的模拟,系统研究了不同初始随机分布(均匀分布、正态分布、对数正态分布和Weibull分布)对单层层裂行为的影响,研究表明:
(1) 通过引入表征材料缺陷的初始随机分布,损伤的空间分布由规则转变为非均匀,由此成功复现了实验观察到的层裂面粗化现象;
(2) 材料的初始屈服强度呈对数正态分布,模拟得到的平均层裂强度与实验结果的相对偏差最小,更适于描述材料的真实随机特性;
(3) 层裂强度随初始分布标准差的增加而减小,符合失效的最弱链机制;
(4) 无论初始缺陷服从何种随机分布,层裂强度均服从正态分布,即模拟得到的层裂强度会聚集在一个平均值附近,极端层裂强度出现的概率较小。
以文献[54]中激光加载下铝板多层层裂实验为算例,铝板厚度为250 μm,实验条件及层裂强度测试结果见表5。模拟中,采用指数衰减压力波形近似真实加载,如图13所示,峰值压力pmax=27 GPa,特征时间t0=0.150 μs。网格尺寸为3 μm。Grüneisen状态方程参数和Johnson-Cook本构参数见表6,层裂相场模型参数见表7。
自由面粒子速度曲线模拟结果与实验结果[54]的对比如图14所示,其中还显示了文献[54]的模拟结果。相比于文献[54]的模拟结果,本研究得到的模拟结果与实验结果更吻合。
图15给出了多层层裂裂纹形貌。可以看出:不考虑随机分布时,样品形成规则的3层层裂面,层裂面近似平直,层间间距的规律性强;考虑随机分布后,样品未形成规则的3层层裂裂纹,不同层的裂纹通过网络状裂纹扩展并相互贯通,这种层裂裂纹分布更接近实验得到的碎裂图像。
图16显示了不同时刻多层层裂损伤及裂纹分布。从图16可以看出:0.061 µs时,材料内部在拉伸应力波作用下开始出现离散的微观孔洞;随着时间推进,0.102 µs时这些损伤迅速聚集、长大,并贯通形成第1条连续的层裂面,层裂面呈粗化特征,与单层层裂一致;此后,由于第1层层裂位置处持续释放稀疏波,致使第2层层裂面于0.144 µs开始形成并在0.183 µs贯通;随着加载继续,后续裂纹不再平行于加载面,随机分布的间断裂纹通过拉伸和剪切等多种裂纹模式连通,从而形成网络状裂纹分布形貌;0.235 µs时达到终态,裂纹分布不再演化。结合实验结果可以推测,网络状裂纹是导致材料破碎的主要原因。
对于上述多层层裂形成过程,以下通过其波系图进行分析。如图17所示,不考虑随机性时,多层层裂过程由应力波传播主导:右行压缩波从左侧传入,在自由面反射为左行稀疏波,其与右行稀疏波交汇形成拉伸应力区,导致层裂损伤在近似同步的条件下演化,形成规则、平直的层裂面。然而,考虑随机性后,损伤分布的形成过程呈现显著差异。在时间上,层裂演化可视为应力释放过程;在空间上,完整层裂面的形成是裂纹聚集的结果。在位置1处,与无随机情况类似,2束稀疏波在位置1相互作用,当拉伸应力达到层裂强度时,会引起损伤演化。然而,由于随机扰动,材料微结构的非均匀性导致损伤在空间上分布不均,使得应力释放过程不均匀。这种不均匀性引发向两侧发射的压缩波(如左行压缩波,对应图17中红线)在产生时间和幅值上存在差异,即压缩波带有强扰动。在位置2处,左行压缩波追赶并削弱已传播的左行稀疏波,扰动随之向左传播。当扰动到达位置2时,影响该区域的损伤演化,损伤在空间上呈现间断裂纹和错位裂纹,这是由于扰动放大了局部薄弱点的激活,导致裂纹聚集过程偏离理想同步状态。在位置3处,由于位置3距离位置1较远,大部分扰动未及时传播至此,右行稀疏波与未被扰动的左行稀疏波相互作用,仍能形成相对均匀的拉伸区,因此,层裂裂纹基本在同一平面内聚集,形成完整的层裂面。
综上所述,考虑到随机损伤分布形成机制源于材料微结构随机性与应力波传播的耦合作用,初始缺陷的非均匀性通过应力释放波引入扰动,扰动传播逐级调制后续层裂的损伤模式,最终导致多层层裂面呈现粗化、间断和错位等复杂特征。这一过程凸显了随机扰动在动态损伤演化中的关键作用,为理解实际材料的层裂行为提供了细观物理基础。
激光加载下,初始屈服强度呈对数正态分布,通过改变对数正态分布标准差进行多组模拟,结果如图18所示。随着标准差的增大,多层层裂强度σsp同样呈降低趋势,该结论与单层层裂研究结论相符,同样符合局部最薄弱区优先失效的最弱链机制。
如图19及图15(c)的实验结果所示,多层层裂裂纹分布可分为3个特征区:完整层裂片、多层层裂碎裂区及完好的主体部分,碎裂区涉及群体性损伤区域的竞争性生长。以下将从“数量”和“尺寸”2个维度定量刻画多层层裂碎裂区中的损伤统计特征,以此对其演化过程进行分析。如前所述,采用聚类算法[44]提取碎裂区的损伤统计数据,并对其进行分析。
图20显示了在损伤萌生阶段,采用正态分布和对数正态分布时,损伤区域数量随初始屈服强度标准差的变化关系。可见,损伤区域数量随初始屈服强度标准差的增大近似线性增长,表明初始随机场离散度越大,潜在薄弱点越多,成核孔洞就越多,从而显著增加损伤区域数量。
图21给出了不同随机分布下多层层裂损伤区域数量随时间的演化过程,图22显示了图21中云图的放大图像,表示对数正态分布下损伤区域数量上升和下降部分时刻的损伤分布云图。从图21可以看出,随着时间的演化,损伤失效区域数量呈“先增加→随后加速增长→再转而减少”的变化趋势,对应了层裂损伤演化的典型过程:损伤初期,孔洞形核导致损伤区域数量快速增长;损伤后期,孔洞聚集贯通,导致数量减少。图22所示的云图也体现了这一过程。表8列出了不同分布下损伤区域数量达到峰值的时间。对比发现,正态分布下损伤最快达到峰值,均匀分布下则最慢达到峰值。
从图21和表8可以看出,不同分布对层裂过程也有一定的影响。均匀分布由于薄弱区域均匀地分布在0.8~1.2倍区间,损伤数量的增长和减少较其他分布缓慢;正态分布的概率密度集中在均值附近,最弱薄弱点相对较少,但可能由于空间分布更加随机,其损伤数量增速最大;对数正态分布和Weibull分布则由于呈右偏特性(大量样本中的表现不对称,大部分初始屈服强度值偏低,但存在少量的极大值,从而拉高了整体平均水平),初期形核数较正态分布多,但增长速率较缓。这表明,在本研究考虑的4种分布中,在不清楚材料初始随机分布的情况下,可用正态分布和均匀分布评估损伤区域数量演化过程,其结果可分别作为评估得到的损伤数量的上、下限。
统计损伤区域数量峰值时各损伤区域尺寸大小,采用最大似然法拟合Weibull分布,并通过Kolmogorov-Smirnov(K-S)检验[42–43]进行一致性验证。如图23所示,3个子图分别从不同角度验证了数据与Weibull分布的拟合优度:左图通过经验累积分布函数与Weibull分布曲线的对比,展示了实际数据与理论模型的一致性,表明损伤区域尺寸大小服从Weibull分布;中间子图的散点分布呈现了数据的离散情况,标注的K-S检验的P均远大于0.05,进一步通过统计检验证实了数据符合Weibull分布的假设;右图的核密度估计曲线揭示了数据的概率密度形态,其平滑分布与Weibull分布的典型右偏特征相符。
综合来看,3个子图通过可视化对比、统计检验和概率密度分析三重验证,发现4组数据均能通过Weibull分布有效拟合,说明多层层裂中损伤区域尺寸呈现 Weibull 分布特征。郑宇轩等[55]和汤佳妮等[56]的研究表明,拉伸断裂下材料的碎片大小服从Weibull分布,其碎片大小与本工作中的损伤区域可近似理解为$ 1-d $和损伤度$ d $的关系,从严谨的数学统计可推导出,当$ d\in \left(0{,}1\right) $服从Weibull分布时,$ 1-d $亦可认为服从Weibull分布,与本研究结果一致。从统计结果可以看出,大多数损伤区域的面积较小,存在少数面积较大的损伤区域。大量小面积损伤可能对应于损伤成核的早期阶段或材料中不同随机分布下的微缺陷被激活,而大面积损伤可能预示着局部损伤的长大和汇合,对最终失效起决定作用。造成该统计结果的可能原因:不同空间位置处由于初始屈服强度差异带来了不同程度的局部扰动,导致各空间位置损伤生长速率存在差异。生长较快的损伤区域由于尺寸较大,将耗散更多的能量,致使周围尺寸较小的损伤区域由于驱动力不足,生长被抑制,从而出现上述统计现象。
采用指数衰减波来近似真实激光加载,获得了多层层裂模拟结果,并揭示了随机缺陷分布对多层层裂复杂损伤行为的影响,模拟结果表明:
(1) 随机分布模型的引入使层裂界面从理想化的平直形态转变为粗化、起伏的真实形貌,成功再现了从微观孔洞形核到多条宏观裂纹竞争性贯通的完整过程;
(2) 层裂强度随着随机性标准差的增大而下降,与单层层裂结论一致;
(3) 在损伤萌生阶段,损伤区域的数量随着随机分布标准差的增大呈近似线性增长,损伤区域数量随时间演化的规律(初始缓慢增长、随后加速、最终因孔洞聚集而下降)对应了层裂孔洞萌生与贯通的典型过程;
(4) 在损伤区域数量峰值阶段,各分布下损伤区域的大小均服从Weibull分布。
通过将随机理论与相场层裂模型相结合,系统揭示了表示材料微观缺陷的随机分布对延性金属层裂行为的统计规律。研究表明,对于无氧铜材料及其在本研究的模拟工况下,初始屈服强度服从对数正态分布时,相对于其他3种随机分布,得到的层裂强度统计结果与实验结果的偏差最小,因而,对数正态分布可作为一种工程可用的层裂强度随机模型。但该结论仍具有材料与工况依赖性,其普适性有待在更多延性金属中做进一步验证。
不论初始屈服强度服从何种随机分布形式,层裂强度均趋于正态分布,且随着随机性幅度增大而单调下降,这一统计特征可从多随机因素叠加效应与最弱链失效机制的角度得到物理解释。在多层层裂中,考虑随机分布的模拟成功再现了复杂的网络状裂纹形貌。对损伤区域的定量统计表明,其数量演化规律与孔洞形核、竞争性长大及汇合3个阶段的物理过程一一对应;在损伤区数量峰值时,各分布下损伤区域尺寸均服从 Weibull 分布,该特征可归因于屏蔽作用下的大损伤区释放更多应力使得小损伤区无法继续长大,致使小损伤区域数量远大于大损伤区域。
综上所述,本研究建立了材料初始随机分布模型与宏观层裂统计特性之间的关联关系:层裂强度呈现稳定的正态统计特征,损伤尺寸呈现Weibull分布特征。这些结果为基于概率的材料动态可靠性分析与评估提供了物理可解释的理论依据。

参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
ANTOUN T, CURRAN D R, RAZORENOV S V, et al. Spall fracture [M]. New York: Springer, 2003.
[2]
CURRAN D R, SEAMAN L, SHOCKEY D A. Dynamic failure of solids [J]. Physics Reports, 1987, 147(5/6): 253–388.
[3]
NOELL P J, SILLS R B, BENZERGA A A, et al. Void nucleation during ductile rupture of metals: a review [J]. Progress in Materials Science, 2023, 135: 101085.
[4]
DONGARE A M, RAJENDRAN A M, LAMATTINA B, et al. Atomic scale studies of spall behavior in nanocrystalline Cu [J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 2010, 108(11): 113518.
[5]
DAS S. Effects of multiscale substructures on the effective behavior and field statistics of porous materials [J]. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 2026, 207: 106411.
[6]
RINEHART J S. Some quantitative data bearing on the scabbing of metals under explosive attack [J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 1951, 22(5): 555–560.
[7]
BREED B R, MADER C L, VENABLE D. Technique for the determination of dynamic-tensile-strength characteristics [J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 1967, 38(8): 3271–3275.
[8]
TULER F R, BUTCHER B M. A criterion for the time dependence of dynamic fracture [J]. International Journal of Fracture Mechanics, 1968, 4(4): 431–437.
[9]
JOHNSON J N. Dynamic fracture and spallation in ductile solids [J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 1981, 52(4): 2812–2825.
[10]
SEAMAN L, CURRAN D R, SHOCKEY D A. Computational models for ductile and brittle fracture [J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 1976, 47(11): 4814–4826.
[11]
JOHNSON J N, ADDESSIO F L. Tensile plasticity and ductile fracture [J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 1988, 64(12): 6699–6712.
[12]
LEE H W, BASARAN C. A review of damage, void evolution, and fatigue life prediction models [J]. Metals, 2021, 11(4): 609.
[13]
MOLINARI A, JACQUES N, MERCIER S, et al. A micromechanical model for the dynamic behavior of porous media in the void coalescence stage [J]. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 2015, 71: 1–18.
[14]
ZUREK A K, THISSELL W R, JOHNSON J N, et al. Micromechanics of spall and damage in tantalum [J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 1996, 60(1): 261–267.
[15]
BONORA N, RUGGIERO A, MILELLA P P. Fracture energy effect on spall signal [J]. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2004, 706(1): 439–442.
[16]
MOLINARI A, WRIGHT T W. A physical model for nucleation and early growth of voids in ductile materials under dynamic loading [J]. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 2005, 53(7): 1476–1504.
[17]
THOUÉNON C, DUBOIS A, BARRAUD E, et al. Statistical modeling and generation of inertial ductile fracture surfaces [J]. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 2026, 206: 106406.
[18]
MIEHE C, SCHÄNZEL L M, ULMER H. Phase field modeling of fracture in multi-physics problems. part Ⅰ. balance of crack surface and failure criteria for brittle crack propagation in thermo-elastic solids [J]. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 2015, 294: 449–485.
[19]
张豪, 于继东, 裴晓阳, 等. 相场断裂方法发展概况 [J]. 高压物理学报, 2019, 33(3): 030109.
ZHANG H, YU J D, PEI X Y, et al. An overview of phase field approach to fracture [J]. Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, 2019, 33(3): 030109.
[20]
WU J Y. A unified phase-field theory for the mechanics of damage and quasi-brittle failure [J]. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 2017, 103: 72–99.
[21]
ZHANG H, PENG H, PEI X Y, et al. A phase-field model for spall fracture [J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 2021, 129(12): 125903.
[22]
HAN H Y, WANG T, HUANG G Y, et al. Study of the dynamic impact spalling of ductile materials based on Gurson-type phase-field model [J]. International Journal of Plasticity, 2024, 181: 104106.
[23]
MA X S, WANG G Y, WANG J. Dynamic phase field description on ductile fracture process [J]. Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, 2024, 41(5): 564–574.
[24]
AMBATI M, GERASIMOV T, DE LORENZIS L. Phase-field modeling of ductile fracture [J]. Computational Mechanics, 2015, 55(5): 1017–1040.
[25]
LIU Z, FAN T G, LU Q L, et al. Modeling of thermal shock-induced fracture propagation based on phase-field approach [J]. Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, 2025, 21(4): 851–876.
[26]
ZHANG H, PENG H, PEI X Y, et al. Phase-field modeling of coupled spall and adiabatic shear banding and simulation of complex cracks in ductile metals [J]. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 2023, 172: 105186.
[27]
FARACHE D, MISHRA S, TRIPATHI S, et al. Role of dislocations on martensitic transformation temperatures and microstructure: a molecular dynamics study [J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 2024, 136(3): 035106.
[28]
DREMOV V V, CHIRKOV P V, KARAVAEV A V. Molecular dynamics study of the effect of extended ingrain defects on grain growth kinetics in nanocrystalline copper [J]. Scientific Reports, 2021, 11(1): 934.
[29]
SAITOH K I, KURAMITSU K, SATO T, et al. Molecular dynamics study on deformation mechanism of grain boundaries in magnesium crystal: based on coincidence site lattice theory [J]. Journal of Materials, 2018, 2018(1): 4153464.
[30]
DANIELS H E. The statistical theory of the strength of bundles of threads. Ⅰ [J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 1945, 183(995): 405–435.
[31]
SEKULSKI Z. Statistical properties of the yield strength of normal strength hull structural steel plates [J]. Annals of “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. Fascicle Ⅺ Shipbuilding, 2019, 42: 55–64.
[32]
SAKAI T, NAKAJIMA M, TOKAJI K, et al. Statistical distribution patterns in mechanical and fatigue properties of metallic materials [J]. Journal of the Society of Materials Science, 1997, 46(6): 63–74.
[33]
NUKALA P K V V, SIMUNOVIC S. Scaling of fracture strength in disordered quasi-brittle materials [J]. The European Physical Journal B: Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, 2004, 37(1): 91–100.
[34]
HAAGENSEN P J. Statistical aspects of coexisting fatigue failure mechanisms in OFHC copper: UTIAS-TN-112 [R]. UTIAS, 1967.
[35]
BHUIYAN M S, ANZUM T, FORHAD U H, et al. Tensile strength study of stainless-steel using Weibull distribution [J]. Mist International Journal of Science and Technology, 2020, 8(2): 1–6.
[36]
ONO K. A simple estimation method of weibull modulus and verification with strength data [J]. Applied Sciences, 2019, 9(8): 1575.
[37]
WU J Y, NGUYEN V P. A length scale insensitive phase-field damage model for brittle fracture [J]. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 2018, 119: 20–42.
[38]
FRANCFORT G A, MARIGO J J. Revisiting brittle fracture as an energy minimization problem [J]. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 1998, 46(8): 1319–1342.
[39]
GRIFFITH A A. The phenomena of rupture and flow in solids [J]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 1921, 221(582): 163–198.
[40]
HALLQUIST J O. LS-DYNA theoretical manual [M]. USA: Livemore Software Technology Corporation, 1998.
[41]
SAAD F A, LEE W. Random variate generation with formal guarantees [J]. Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages, 2025, 9: 125–149.
[42]
WEIBULL W. A statistical theory of the strength of materials [M]. Stockholm: Generalstabens Litografiska Anstalts Förlag, 1939.
[43]
SHAPIRO S S, WILK M B. An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples) [J]. Biometrika, 1965, 52(3/4): 591–611.
[44]
GHASEMI A, ZAHEDIASL S. Normality tests for statistical analysis: a guide for non-statisticians [J]. International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2012, 10(2): 486–489.
[45]
MASSEY JR F J. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for goodness of fit [J]. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 1951, 46(253): 68–78.
[46]
KOLMOGOROV A N. Sulla determinazione empirica di una legge di distribuzione [J]. Giornale dell’ Istituto Italianodegli Attuari, 1933, 4: 83–91.
[47]
ROSENFELD A, PFALTZ J L. Sequential operations in digital picture processing [J]. Journal of the ACM, 1966, 13(4): 471–494.
[48]
NOVIKOV S A. Shear stress and spall strength of materials under shock loads (review) [J]. Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics, 1981, 22(3): 385–394.
[49]
彭辉, 裴晓阳, 李平, 等. 高纯铜初始层裂的微损伤特性研究 [J]. 物理学报, 2015, 64(21): 216201.
PENG H, PEI X Y, LI P, et al. Micro-damage characteristics of incipient spall in high-purity copper [J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 2015, 64(21): 216201.
[50]
彭辉. 延性金属动态拉伸断裂的微损伤聚集特性研究 [D]. 北京: 北京理工大学, 2015: 66–68.
PENG H. Coalescence of micro-damage on dynamic tensile fracture of ductile metal [D]. Beijing: Beijing Institute of Technology, 2015: 66–68.
[51]
VILGE B I, VILGE B B. Statistical concept of the “weakest link” in estimating strength and defects of chemically active composite materials [J]. Model Assisted Statistics and Applications, 2016, 11(1): 81–89.
[52]
TOL R S J, YOHE G W. The weakest link hypothesis for adaptive capacity: an empirical test [J]. Global Environmental Change, 2007, 17(2): 218–227.
[53]
GREDELJ S, HALILAGIĆ R. The application of central limit theorem in determining structural reliability [C]//Proceedings of the 13th International Scientific Conference on Production Engineering: Development and Modernization of Production. 2022: 1.
[54]
LESCOUTE E, DE RESSÉGUIER T, CHEVALIER J M, et al. Ejection of spalled layers from laser shock-loaded metals [J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 2010, 108(9): 093510.
[55]
郑宇轩, 陈磊, 胡时胜, 等. 韧性材料冲击拉伸碎裂中的碎片尺寸分布规律 [J]. 力学学报, 2013, 45(4): 580–587.
ZHENG Y X, CHEN L, HU S S, et al. Characteristics of fragment size distribution of ductile materials fragmentized under high strainrate tension [J]. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2013, 45(4): 580–587.
[56]
汤佳妮, 徐便, 郑宇轩, 等. 脆性膨胀环动态拉伸碎裂实验研究 [J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2021, 41(1): 014101.
TANG J N, XU B, ZHENG Y X, et al. Experimental study for dynamic fragmentation of brittle expansion rings [J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2021, 41(1): 014101.
2026年第40卷第8期
PDF下载
5
2
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.11858/gywlxb.20251290
  • 接收时间:2025-12-29
  • 首发时间:2026-11-05
  • 出版时间:2026-08-05
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-29
  • 修回日期:2026-02-26
基金
作者信息
    中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所冲击波物理与爆轰物理全国重点实验室, 四川 绵阳 621999

通讯作者:

张 豪(1988-),男,博士,副研究员,主要从事材料的冲击动力学行为研究. E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/gywlxb/CN/10.11858/gywlxb.20251290
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏