Article(id=1276896811109446541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276577754012160025, issueId=1276896661737701828, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3724/j.gyjzG26031504, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1773504000000, receivedDateStr=2026-03-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782365523363, onlineDateStr=2026-06-25, pubDate=1779206400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782365523363, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782365523363, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782365523363, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276896661737701828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276577754012160025, year='2026', volume='56', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='264', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1779206400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782365487751, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782367237543, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276904000968589318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276577754012160025, issueId=1276896661737701828, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276904000968589319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276577754012160025, issueId=1276896661737701828, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=99, endPage=112, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276896811524682639, articleId=1276896811109446541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276577754012160025, language=EN, title=Restoring Force Model and Seismic Performance Improvement of CFST Column-Double Laminated Slab Composite Shear Walls, columnId=null, journalTitle=Industrial Construction, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) column-double laminated slab composite shear wall is a novel composite structural form for prefabricated buildings. A refined three-dimensional finite element model was established using ABAQUS and validated against quasi-static test data. Combined with test and numerical results, the mechanical mechanism under quasi-static loading was revealed, and the shear slip at the precast-cast-in-situ concrete interface was identified as the intrinsic cause of composite action degradation and performance deterioration. On this basis, a trilinear backbone curve model applicable to composite shear walls with a shear span ratio greater than 1.5 was proposed, along with formulas for equivalent stiffness and cross-sectional bearing capacity. Hysteretic rules were established based on a modified Clough model to develop a complete restoring force model. Validation results showed that the theoretical predictions agreed well with the test (numerical) results. Furthermore, an interface strengthening scheme using angle steel shear keys was proposed, which increased the ultimate drift ratio by 34% and the ductility coefficient by 26%, significantly improving the plastic deformation capacity.

, authors=null, authorsList=Guangxin ZHOU, Fengliang ZHANG, Bian WU, Yang LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276896818923434945, articleId=1276896811109446541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276577754012160025, language=CN, title=钢管混凝土-双面叠合板组合剪力墙恢复力模型与抗震性能提升研究, columnId=1276896697703858872, journalTitle=工业建筑, columnName=工程诊断与性能提升技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

钢管混凝土-双面叠合板组合剪力墙是一种适用于装配式建筑的新型组合结构形式。采用ABAQUS软件建立了该组合剪力墙的精细化三维有限元模型,并通过拟静力试验数据验证了模型的有效性。结合试验与数值模拟结果,揭示了组合剪力墙在低周往复荷载下的受力机理,阐明了预制-后浇混凝土界面剪切滑移是组合效应退化和性能下降的内在主因。在此基础上,提出了适用于剪跨比大于1.5的组合剪力墙的三折线骨架曲线模型,给出了等效刚度及正截面承载力计算公式;基于修正Clough模型建立了滞回规则,构建了完整的恢复力模型。验证结果表明,骨架曲线和滞回曲线的理论计算值与试验(模拟)结果吻合良好。进一步地,针对界面薄弱问题提出了角钢抗剪键加强方案,该方案可使极限位移角提升34%、延性系数提升26%,显著改善了塑性变形能力。

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周光鑫,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事建筑结构性能评估及鉴定相关研究工作,

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吴边,博士,讲师,
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周光鑫,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事建筑结构性能评估及鉴定相关研究工作,

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journalId=1276577754012160025, articleId=1276896811109446541, language=CN, label=图16, caption=基于修正Clough模型的恢复力特性与加卸载路径示意, figureFileSmall=UzIUd4zfAsVweFRThpVMDw==, figureFileBig=aKS5dEicPyrWyc/Q9cdogA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276896831594426385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276577754012160025, articleId=1276896811109446541, language=EN, label=Fig.17, caption=Validation of the hysteresis curve model against experimental results, figureFileSmall=Wtmq47Ycb/sqDEo+J3JpTA==, figureFileBig=Nn8yuLDK7JxhSGsum6Eu2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276896831665729554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276577754012160025, articleId=1276896811109446541, language=CN, label=图17, caption=恢复力滞回曲线模型与试验结果对比, figureFileSmall=Wtmq47Ycb/sqDEo+J3JpTA==, figureFileBig=Nn8yuLDK7JxhSGsum6Eu2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276896831745421331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276577754012160025, articleId=1276896811109446541, language=EN, label=Fig.18, 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Summary of predicted and measured seismic performance indices

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试件屈服荷载抗侧承载力极限位移角/%延性系数累积耗能
模拟值/kN试验值/kN

误差/

%

模拟值/kN试验值/kN

误差/

%

模拟值试验值

误差/

%

模拟值试验值

误差/

%

模拟值/(kN·m)试验值/(kN·m)

误差/

%

PSW1576.4510.212.60702.6724.6-3.001.371.42-3.504.323.8213.10415.7432.5-3.90
PSW2756.9694.68.90876.2899.3-2.501.491.63-8.603.383.195.90430394.29.10
PSW3668.3703.4-4.90824.5833.7-1.101.441.421.403.853.124.20486.9469.43.70
), ArticleFig(id=1276896832286486554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276577754012160025, articleId=1276896811109446541, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

抗震性能指标有限元预测值与试验实测值汇总

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试件屈服荷载抗侧承载力极限位移角/%延性系数累积耗能
模拟值/kN试验值/kN

误差/

%

模拟值/kN试验值/kN

误差/

%

模拟值试验值

误差/

%

模拟值试验值

误差/

%

模拟值/(kN·m)试验值/(kN·m)

误差/

%

PSW1576.4510.212.60702.6724.6-3.001.371.42-3.504.323.8213.10415.7432.5-3.90
PSW2756.9694.68.90876.2899.3-2.501.491.63-8.603.383.195.90430394.29.10
PSW3668.3703.4-4.90824.5833.7-1.101.441.421.403.853.124.20486.9469.43.70
), ArticleFig(id=1276896832353595419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276577754012160025, articleId=1276896811109446541, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Validation of the backbone curve model

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试件误差
KyPyKpPpKuPu
PSW1+9.8-4.6-7.2+3.6-6.2+3.6
PSW2+9.4-6.4-3.9-4.5-10.8-4.7
PSW3+11.6-3.5+4.6+5.3+16.5+5.4
PSW1.75+7.8+8.4+2.8-2.9+3.6-2.9
PSW0.4-12.1-2.2-22.9-5.0-15.6-5.0
PSW7.0+9.2-5.1+12.0+1.9+9.7+1.9
), ArticleFig(id=1276896832408121372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276577754012160025, articleId=1276896811109446541, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

骨架曲线模型验证

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试件误差
KyPyKpPpKuPu
PSW1+9.8-4.6-7.2+3.6-6.2+3.6
PSW2+9.4-6.4-3.9-4.5-10.8-4.7
PSW3+11.6-3.5+4.6+5.3+16.5+5.4
PSW1.75+7.8+8.4+2.8-2.9+3.6-2.9
PSW0.4-12.1-2.2-22.9-5.0-15.6-5.0
PSW7.0+9.2-5.1+12.0+1.9+9.7+1.9
), ArticleFig(id=1276896832479424541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276577754012160025, articleId=1276896811109446541, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Comparison of mechanical properties between PSW-M1 and PSW1

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件弹性刚度/(kN·mm⁻¹)屈服荷载/kN抗侧承载力/kN极限位移角/%

延性系数

PSW11015727020.374.33
PSW-M11066037621.845.47
提升幅度/%+5+5+9+34+26
), ArticleFig(id=1276896832542339102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276577754012160025, articleId=1276896811109446541, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

试件PSW-M1与PSW1力学性能对比

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试件弹性刚度/(kN·mm⁻¹)屈服荷载/kN抗侧承载力/kN极限位移角/%

延性系数

PSW11015727020.374.33
PSW-M11066037621.845.47
提升幅度/%+5+5+9+34+26
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钢管混凝土-双面叠合板组合剪力墙恢复力模型与抗震性能提升研究
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周光鑫 1 , 张凤亮 2 , 吴边 3 , 刘洋 4
工业建筑 | 工程诊断与性能提升技术 2026,56(5): 99-112
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工业建筑 |工程诊断与性能提升技术 2026 , 56 (5) : 99 -112
钢管混凝土-双面叠合板组合剪力墙恢复力模型与抗震性能提升研究
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周光鑫1 , 张凤亮2, 吴边3 , 刘洋4
作者信息
  • 1四川省建筑科学研究院有限公司,成都610036
  • 2哈尔滨工业大学(深圳)智能土木与海洋工程学院,广东深圳518055
  • 3四川建筑职业技术大学土木工程系,四川德阳618000
  • 4中铁五局集团建筑工程有限责任公司,贵阳550081
通讯作者:
吴边,博士,讲师,
Restoring Force Model and Seismic Performance Improvement of CFST Column-Double Laminated Slab Composite Shear Walls
Guangxin ZHOU1 , Fengliang ZHANG2, Bian WU3 , Yang LIU4
Affiliations
  • 1Sichuan Institute of Building Research Co., Ltd., Chengdu610036, China
  • 2School of Intelligent Civil and Ocean Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen518055, China
  • 3Department of Civil Engineering, Sichuan University of Architectural Technology, Deyang618000, China
  • 4Construction Engineering Company of China Railway No.5 Engineering Group Co., Ltd., Guiyang550081, China
出版时间: 2026-05-20 doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG26031504
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钢管混凝土-双面叠合板组合剪力墙是一种适用于装配式建筑的新型组合结构形式。采用ABAQUS软件建立了该组合剪力墙的精细化三维有限元模型,并通过拟静力试验数据验证了模型的有效性。结合试验与数值模拟结果,揭示了组合剪力墙在低周往复荷载下的受力机理,阐明了预制-后浇混凝土界面剪切滑移是组合效应退化和性能下降的内在主因。在此基础上,提出了适用于剪跨比大于1.5的组合剪力墙的三折线骨架曲线模型,给出了等效刚度及正截面承载力计算公式;基于修正Clough模型建立了滞回规则,构建了完整的恢复力模型。验证结果表明,骨架曲线和滞回曲线的理论计算值与试验(模拟)结果吻合良好。进一步地,针对界面薄弱问题提出了角钢抗剪键加强方案,该方案可使极限位移角提升34%、延性系数提升26%,显著改善了塑性变形能力。

组合剪力墙  /  钢管混凝土  /  双面叠合板  /  恢复力模型  /  抗震性能  /  有限元分析

The concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) column-double laminated slab composite shear wall is a novel composite structural form for prefabricated buildings. A refined three-dimensional finite element model was established using ABAQUS and validated against quasi-static test data. Combined with test and numerical results, the mechanical mechanism under quasi-static loading was revealed, and the shear slip at the precast-cast-in-situ concrete interface was identified as the intrinsic cause of composite action degradation and performance deterioration. On this basis, a trilinear backbone curve model applicable to composite shear walls with a shear span ratio greater than 1.5 was proposed, along with formulas for equivalent stiffness and cross-sectional bearing capacity. Hysteretic rules were established based on a modified Clough model to develop a complete restoring force model. Validation results showed that the theoretical predictions agreed well with the test (numerical) results. Furthermore, an interface strengthening scheme using angle steel shear keys was proposed, which increased the ultimate drift ratio by 34% and the ductility coefficient by 26%, significantly improving the plastic deformation capacity.

composite shear wall  /  concrete-filled steel tube  /  double laminated slab  /  restoring force model  /  seismic performance  /  finite element analysis
周光鑫, 张凤亮, 吴边, 刘洋. 钢管混凝土-双面叠合板组合剪力墙恢复力模型与抗震性能提升研究. 工业建筑, 2026 , 56 (5) : 99 -112 . DOI: 10.3724/j.gyjzG26031504
Guangxin ZHOU, Fengliang ZHANG, Bian WU, Yang LIU. Restoring Force Model and Seismic Performance Improvement of CFST Column-Double Laminated Slab Composite Shear Walls[J]. Industrial Construction, 2026 , 56 (5) : 99 -112 . DOI: 10.3724/j.gyjzG26031504
装配式建筑因其工业化程度高、施工周期短、现场湿作业少等优点,近年来在我国得到了广泛推广,双面叠合剪力墙作为一种典型的装配式墙体结构形式,已在工程中大量应用1-3。然而,常规双面叠合剪力墙的端部约束构件多为普通钢筋混凝土边缘构件,承载力和延性相对有限;在强震作用下,端部约束不足往往是导致剪力墙脆性破坏的主要原因之一4-5。为此,将钢管混凝土(CFST)端柱引入双面叠合剪力墙,形成的钢管混凝土-双面叠合板组合剪力墙,是一种将预制装配化工艺与高性能组合构件优势相结合的新型结构形式,在提升装配式剪力墙抗震性能方面具有较大潜力6-7
在叠合剪力墙的试验研究方面,国内外学者围绕叠合剪力墙的抗震性能开展了系统研究,积累了较为丰富的成果。连星8较早开展了叠合剪力墙拟静力试验,考察了其滞回性能及破坏模式。此后,围绕预制叶板厚度、竖向接缝构造、叠合率等因素的影响,相关研究持续深入9-11。近年来,随着钢管混凝土技术在装配式结构中的应用拓展,带钢管混凝土端柱的叠合剪力墙逐渐受到关注。Zhang等7、Wu等12对带钢管混凝土端柱的装配式双面叠合剪力墙开展了低周往复加载试验,系统考察了其滞回性能、破坏模式及组合效应;粟俊富等6进一步开展了数值模拟分析,研究了关键设计参数对其抗震性能的影响规律。钢管混凝土构件本身的抗震性能研究同样较为成熟,韩林海13、Lam等14的研究表明,合理设计的钢管混凝土构件具有良好的变形能力和耗能性能;将其作为端柱引入叠合剪力墙,可显著提升墙体的延性和整体抗震性能12。此外,在波形钢板加强的钢管混凝土组合剪力墙方面,相关研究表明,合理的组合构造措施能够有效改善剪力墙的侧向刚度退化,对提升整体抗震性能具有积极作用15
恢复力模型是描述结构构件弹塑性滞回行为的重要理论工具,是开展结构弹塑性地震响应分析的核心基础16。在钢筋混凝土(RC)剪力墙方面,Ibarra等提出的修正Ibarra-Medina-Krawinkler(IMK)模型16和Clough模型17是目前应用最广泛的两种滞回规则,已被集成到OpenSEES等有限元平台中,并在结构倒塌分析中得到广泛验证18。Lu等19针对钢筋混凝土剪力墙提出了考虑刚度退化与捏缩效应的多折线恢复力模型,其骨架曲线模型的关键参数计算方法较为完备。在钢管混凝土构件方面,Han等20和Zhao等21分别提出了圆形和矩形截面钢管混凝土柱的恢复力模型,给出了骨架曲线及滞回规则的计算方法;Liao等22进一步针对钢管混凝土框架柱,建立了考虑轴压比影响的三折线恢复力模型,与试验结果吻合良好。然而,上述研究对象主要为独立的钢管混凝土柱或普通RC剪力墙,而直接适用于钢管混凝土-双面叠合板组合剪力墙的恢复力模型,目前则鲜有报道。
在预制与后浇混凝土界面行为方面,Randl23系统梳理了影响新旧混凝土界面黏结强度的主要因素,指出界面粗糙度和横向钢筋配置是最关键的变量;Santos等24的试验研究进一步表明,界面剪切滑移会导致叠合构件的组合效应显著退化,进而影响其变形能力。近年来,多项研究针对叠合剪力墙的界面破坏机理开展了深入分析,结果表明,在较大侧向变形下,预制与后浇混凝土界面的剪切滑移是制约叠合剪力墙塑性变形能力的主要因素之一25-27;在界面设置抗剪键可有效改善该问题,但针对钢管混凝土-双面叠合板组合剪力墙的系统研究仍较为欠缺。
综上,钢管混凝土-双面叠合板组合剪力墙作为一种新型装配式结构形式,直接适用于该组合剪力墙的恢复力模型目前鲜有报道,这直接制约了该结构体系在抗震设计与性能评估中的应用。与此同时,预制-后浇混凝土界面行为对组合效应的影响机理也有待深入揭示,相应的性能提升方案尚需进一步探索。为此,本文基于笔者前期的拟静力试验研究712,建立了该组合剪力墙的三维有限元模型,通过数值模拟复现试验的滞回全过程,给出了预制-后浇混凝土界面的滑移破坏过程及其对组合效应的削弱机制;另外,建立了适用于剪跨比大于1.5的三折线骨架曲线恢复力模型,并给出了相应的计算公式。此外,鉴于预制-后浇混凝土界面是组合剪力墙塑性变形能力的关键制约因素,本文进一步提出了角钢抗剪键界面加强方案,并通过有限元模型验证了其有效性,旨在为钢管混凝土-双面叠合板组合剪力墙的工程应用、结构设计与性能优化提供理论依据和技术支撑。
钢管混凝土-双面叠合板组合剪力墙(简称“组合剪力墙”)是一种以矩形钢管混凝土柱作为端柱,以预制双面叠合板作为墙身的新型装配式组合结构形式612。如图1所示,该体系的施工流程为:首先架设矩形钢管端柱,然后在相邻端柱间安装预制双面叠合板,最后向钢管内腔及叠合板空腔中浇筑混凝土,使各部分连接为整体。钢管混凝土端柱承担边缘约束功能,其外壁焊接抗剪栓钉以增强钢-混凝土界面黏结;上下层墙板通过预埋U型插筋在水平接缝处连接。3片组合剪力墙试件(PSW1~PSW3)及1片对照组整浇RC剪力墙(RCSW)的拟静力试验的详细报道见文献[712],本文不再赘述试件设计细节。简言之,试件墙身净高2900 mm,截面宽度1200 mm,叠合板总厚200 mm(两片50 mm预制叶板+100 mm后浇层),叶板内双层双向钢筋网(10@200竖向,10@150水平),两叶板以竖向钢筋桁架连接详见图2。设计变量为轴压比(PSW1、PSW3取0.3,PSW2取0.5)及钢管壁厚(PSW1、PSW2取3.5 mm,PSW3取5.0 mm)。试验结果表明,组合剪力墙试件表现出良好的抗震性能,钢管混凝土端柱与叠合墙板在加载全过程中保持了较好的协同工作状态;不过,当位移角超过1.0%后,预制-后浇混凝土界面出现了明显的剪切滑移,组合剪力墙的承载力快速下降12
在文献[712]拟静力试验的基础上,本节进一步建立精细化三维有限元模型,通过数值模拟复现试验的滞回全过程,以验证模型有效性,并为后续机理分析提供计算工具。
图3给出了有限元模型的整体构成。根据材料及受力特征,模型各组成部分可分为三类:钢质构件(矩形钢管、抗剪栓钉)、混凝土构件(钢管核心混凝土、预制叶板混凝土、后浇叠合混凝土及基础)和钢筋骨架(竖向分布筋、水平分布筋及桁架筋)。有限元网格划分采用结构化与扫掠相结合的策略,各部件网格密度经收敛性试算后确定。在单元类型选取上,钢筋选用T3D2桁架单元以真实反映其轴向传力特征;其余实体部件选用C3D8R减缩积分六面体单元以兼顾计算效率与精度;最终模型的总单元数约26810个。
混凝土本构采用CDP模型以表征其循环受力过程中的刚度退化与强度损伤;单轴应力-应变关系参照文献[28]确定,并对受拉损伤恢复系数和拉压刚度恢复参数作出针对性调整,使CDP模型在低周往复加载工况下的模拟精度满足要求。钢管混凝土端柱的核心混凝土因受到矩形钢管的三向约束效应,其抗压强度按韩林海13提出的方法进行放大,对于壁厚不大于5.0mm的薄壁矩形钢管,放大系数取1.10。矩形钢管采用双折线弹塑性模型,引入随动硬化以考虑Bauschinger效应,并设置“Ductile Damage”属性以模拟钢材在大应变低周循环下的损伤退化29。钢筋材料本构采用文献[30]提出的滞回模型(基于UMAT子程序实现)。与常规的Embedded直接嵌入方案相比,该模型通过在钢筋本构层面引入黏结滑移退化,在宏观层面弥补了Embedded方法无法模拟界面滑移的固有不足。
界面行为的模拟是建模中的关键环节,对后续的受力机理分析和恢复力模型建立均有直接影响。各界面均采用面-面接触模拟(法向硬接触+切向罚函数),其中,钢管内壁-核心混凝土界面摩擦系数取0.413;考虑钢管外壁-预制叶板界面均较平滑,摩擦系数取0.3。后浇混凝土叠合层与预制叶板间的“新旧混凝土”界面是控制组合效应的关键界面;受限于双面叠合板的生产工艺,预制叶板的叠合面为自然粗糙面,“新旧混凝土”间的黏结作用较弱,建模中不予考虑,仅计入摩擦作用,摩擦系数取0.62831。鉴于后浇叠合层与钢管混凝土端柱之间和基础之间均存在抗剪栓钉或U型插筋等可靠连接构造,其界面相对滑移在正常使用状态下可忽略不计,建模时将上述两处界面均处理为Tie约束。在有限元模型顶面中点设置参考点RP,将顶面自由度与RP动态耦合,通过RP输入恒定竖向力和水平向位移荷载,并约束平面外变形;基础底面及侧面设置固定约束。
以3片试件(PSW1~PSW3)的拟静力试验数据为基准12,分别从曲线形态吻合度、关键指标误差以及宏观破坏特征三个层面,对有限元模型的模拟精度进行评估。
图4给出了3片试件PSW1的滞回曲线与骨架曲线模拟结果。可见:在绝大多数加载级次下,模拟与试验吻合良好;当加载位移幅值增至±40.5 mm及以上时,模拟的卸载刚度和捏缩滑移略偏保守,这与CDP模型对混凝土循环刚度恢复的近似处理有关,属于该类模型的固有局限性,对整体精度评估无实质影响。由图4可见,各试件刚度退化曲线及等效黏滞阻尼系数的模拟结果也均与试验数据吻合。
图5中的混凝土受压损伤云图表明:损伤因子极值区集中于墙体底部及墙身中部,与试验实测的混凝土剥落及碎裂位置吻合;中部混凝土的受压损伤本质上反映的是预制-后浇混凝土界面滑移导致的内力重分布,与组合度的突变式退化是同一物理过程的不同表现形式。此外,模型还再现了试件加载后期端柱钢管壁的局部外鼓趋势,以及预制叶板与端柱交界面处因相对错动产生的剪切变形特征。
表1给出了各试件关键定量指标的模拟与试验对比结果。其中,抗侧承载力、极限位移角及累积耗能3项指标的相对误差均控制在10%以内;屈服荷载与延性系数的误差相对略高,但除延性系数外PSW3的其余各项指标误差均未超过15%。
综上,各项模拟误差均处于工程分析可接受范围:抗侧承载力误差最大不超过3%,极限位移角误差不超过9%,累积耗能误差不超过10%,破坏形态的再现程度亦与试验观察高度一致。上述多维度验证结果表明,本文所建有限元模型具备良好的可靠性,可作为后续受力机理分析及恢复力模型建立的基础。
以典型试件PSW1为分析对象,依据验证后的有限元模型并结合试验观测数据,将组合剪力墙在低周水平往复荷载下的滞回受力全过程划分为4个阶段,详见图6
1)弹性阶段(θ<0.11%):骨架曲线呈线性,端柱、叶板、叠合层三者截面应力均呈连续分布,组合剪力墙各部件协同承载特征显著,此阶段组合度接近1.0,可视为理想完全组合状态。
2)叠合板开裂阶段(0.11%θ<0.33%):叠合层混凝土裂缝扩展,骨架曲线斜率出现初始非线性偏折;后浇层主拉塑性应变方向约与水平荷载成45°夹角,说明该层已主要承担剪切荷载。矩形钢管仍处于弹性,至位移角约0.4%时钢管根部开始出现塑性应变,标志整体屈服临界状态到来。
3)弹塑性屈服阶段(0.33%≤θ<1.0%):骨架曲线斜率大幅降低,承载力趋近峰值;端柱底部、墙趾角部形成受压损伤集中区,后浇叠合层在钢筋桁架附近出现受拉断裂。
4)破坏阶段(1.0%≤θ<1.5%):承载力持续下降,损伤区范围不再扩大但程度加深,墙趾混凝土压碎,最终呈弯-剪混合破坏模式。
从凝炼骨架曲线模型的角度来看,上述4阶段可进一步归并为3段:将弹性阶段与叠合板开裂阶段合并为第1段(屈服前),弹塑性屈服阶段为第2段(屈服至峰值),破坏阶段为第3段(峰值至极限)。
墙身叶板的预制混凝土与后浇叠合混凝土界面处的剪切滑移是影响组合剪力墙后期性能的关键因素12。数值分析结果(图7)显示,该界面的滑移发展过程具有明显的阶段性特征:在θ<0.4%的弹性阶段,界面滑移量几乎为零,叶板与叠合层处于完全协同状态。进入弹塑性阶段后,端柱周边界面率先滑移,但峰值承载力时的最大滑移尚在3.5 mm以内,组合剪力墙整体仍保持有效组合。当θ>1.0%后,界面滑移突破临界值,迅速向墙身中部蔓延,宏观上表现为承载力的快速下降。值得注意的是,界面滑移在X向和Z向上的分布规律存在明显差异,反映了组合剪力墙界面行为的各向异性特征。
为定量刻画界面退化对组合效应的削弱程度,采用组合度指标η,计算方法见式(1)。
η=Ps-PnPc-Pn
式中:Ps为组合剪力墙在实际工作状态下的抗侧承载力;Pn为界面完全脱开(非组合)时对应的抗侧承载力;Pc为界面无任何滑移(组合)时对应的抗侧承载力。
图8所示,η的演变规律可归纳为“两段式退化”特征:在弹性阶段及叠合板开裂阶段,η稳定在0.9附近,组合行为接近完全组合极限;自弹塑性屈服阶段起,伴随界面滑移加速,η在不足一个加载级次内从0.9骤降至约0.4,降幅超过50%;至破坏阶段终止时,η进一步降至约0.35。上述“突变式”退化规律是骨架曲线下降段坡度偏陡的直接原因,恢复力模型须在刚度折减系数中对此加以体现。
上述分析揭示了两条对后续研究具有指导意义的结论:1)组合效应在弹塑性屈服及破坏阶段的显著退化,直接导致了骨架曲线下降段坡度较陡、刚度退化明显,恢复力模型的建立须对此加以体现;2)预制-后浇混凝土界面是限制组合剪力墙继续发挥塑性变形潜力的关键制约因素,如能有效改善该界面的抗剪性能,则有望显著提升墙体的塑性变形能力。
为考察不同设计参数下组合剪力墙骨架曲线的共性规律,将拟静力试验试件(PSW1~PSW3)与有限元模拟试件(共计24件)的骨架曲线分别进行归一化处理32图9给出了各试件的归一化骨架曲线,尽管各试件在剪跨比、轴压比、壁厚等参数上差异显著,但无量纲化后的曲线族呈现出高度一致的三段式形态:1)上升段近似呈线性;2)屈服后至峰值段斜率明显降低,曲率变化平缓;3)峰值后承载力以近似线性的速率下降。这一规律为建立三折线骨架曲线模型提供了直接数据基础,也说明该模型在不同设计参数范围内具有普遍适用性。
综合上文的受力机理分析和归一化骨架曲线特征,以屈服点、峰值点和极限点三个特征点为控制节点,构建由弹性段、强化段与退化段组成的三折线恢复力骨架曲线模型,如图10所示。以屈服点YPPy, Δy)、峰值点PPPp, ΔP)和极限点UPPu, Δu)为3个控制节点,相邻控制点间采用线性插值连接,各线段斜率依次对应弹性段、强化段及退化段的等效刚度KyKpKu。在上述三个控制点坐标完全确定的前提下,骨架曲线可由以下分段线性函数加以描述:
P=KyΔ                                          0ΔΔyPy+Pp-PyΔp-ΔyΔ-Δy     Δy<ΔΔpPp-Pp-PuΔu-ΔpΔ-Δp     Δp<ΔΔu0                                                         Δ>Δu
其中,Δy=PyKy-1Δp=PpKp-1Δu=PuKu-1
必须指出,该模型主要依据以弯-剪混合破坏为主的中高和细长组合剪力墙的试验与模拟数据建立,适用于剪跨比1.5<λ<3.0的情形;对于以剪切破坏为主的低矮组合剪力墙,模型的适用性尚需进一步验证(模拟结果满足,但缺少试验验证)。
1)弹性段等效刚度Ky
在屈服前,钢管混凝土端柱与叠合墙板保持协同变形,钢材仍处于弹性状态,但混凝土已存在一定程度的开裂损伤。鉴于组合剪力墙的侧向总位移由弯曲变形分量与剪切变形分量相互独立叠加而成,两类变形模式在力学上满足位移协调而非力的分配关系,故弹性段等效刚度Ky可按弯曲刚度Kyb与剪切刚度Kys串联的组合方式推导,其倒数关系为:
Ky=11/Kyb+1/Kyb=H33EcyIc+EsIs+κHGcyAc+GsAs-1
Ecy=αcyEc
Gcy=αcyGc
αcy=0.71+νc2+0.71-νsEcρsEs
式中:H为剪力墙高度;κ为剪应力不均匀分布修正系数,一般取κ=1.2EcEs分别为混凝土、钢管弹性模量;IcIs分别为混凝土、钢管的惯性矩;AcAs分别为混凝土、钢管的截面面积;GcGs分别为混凝土、钢管剪切弹性模量;αcy为混凝土弹性模量折减系数33νc为混凝土泊松比,可取0.2;ρs为墙身配筋率。
Ky理论预测结果与拟静力试验及有限元模拟结果进行对比,见图11。可知,两者整体符合程度较高,各试件相对误差的均值与标准差分别为8.0%与3.5%,表明所提公式具备合理的预测精度。
2)强化段等效刚度Kp、退化段等效刚度Ku
由于组合剪力墙在弹塑性阶段的变形机制复杂,等效刚度难以通过解析方法直接求解。鉴于弹性段等效刚度Ky具有较好的稳定性,以Ky为基准,将强化段等效刚度Kp及退化段等效刚度Ku表达为Ky的折减形式,通过回归分析建立三者间量化关系。进一步的参数敏感性分析表明:折减系数主要受剪跨比λ、轴压比nd、钢管边长壁厚比B/t影响。为兼顾拟静力试验数据的可靠性与有限元模拟数据的高覆盖性,对二者分别赋予5∶2的权重系数,以加权残差平方和为优化目标,引入Levenberg-Marquardt算法驱动参数迭代更新,当目标函数降至收敛阈值以内时终止迭代。由此回归,得到强化段刚度Kp与退化段刚度Ku的计算表达式为:
Kp=0.0463λ0.331nd0.103B/t0.482Ky
Ku=0.1091λ0.369nd-0.053B/t0.073Ky
图12给出了KpKu理论公式的预测精度评估结果。总体来看,两项刚度参数的预测值与拟静力试验及有限元模拟结果之间的偏差处于可接受范围内,所对应的相对误差均值依次为17.9%与13.7%,二者标准差均为9.6%,预测结果具有一定的稳定性。
推导组合剪力墙正截面承载力时,引入以下简化假设:1)平截面假设;2)忽略混凝土的抗拉贡献;3)预制叶板内的钢筋因与基础无连接而不计其应力;4)屈服状态下,仅截面最外侧钢管纤维达到屈服,其余部位按三角形应力分布计算;5)峰值状态下,受拉区钢管及插筋应力按矩形分布计算;6)峰值时受压区插筋应力不予考虑;7)峰值时受压区混凝土应力采用等效矩形分布;8)计入钢管对核心混凝土的约束效应,强度放大系数取1.1020
依据上述假设建立屈服状态剪力墙正截面承载力计算模型(图13),根据竖向受力平衡与中性轴(C点)力矩平衡条件建立平衡方程,即:
N=Fc1+Fc2+Fc3+Fsc-Fst-i=1nFbi
My=Ne+Fstlst+Fsclsc+i=1nFbili+Fc2+Fc3lc2+Fc1lc1
式中,各变量含义见图13
通过求解平衡方程,得出截面屈服弯矩值My;若考虑二阶效应影响,则组合剪力墙的屈服荷载Py可按式(7)计算。
Py=My-NΔyH=MyH+NKy-1
式中:H为试件高度;Δy为顶点水平位移值。
在上述分析框架的基础上,进一步针对组合剪力墙试件的峰值受力状态构建力学计算模型(图14)。以截面形心为矩参考点,分别引入竖向合力为零与弯矩平衡两个静力平衡条件,联立建立平衡方程组:
N=Fc1+Fc2+Fc3+Fsc-Fst-i=1nFbi
Mp=Fst+Fsc+Fc1hw-hf2+           Fc2+Fc3hw+hf-0.8x2 -i=1nFbili
通过求解平衡方程,得出截面峰值弯矩值Mp;若考虑二阶效应影响,则同样采用式(7)计算组合剪力墙试件峰值荷载Pp。此外,极限荷载Pu按85%峰值荷载计算。
为检验三折线骨架曲线模型的准确性,分别选取3片拟静力试验试件(PSW1~PSW3)以及3片有限元模拟试件(PSW1.75、PSW0.4、PSW7.0,分别对应不同的剪跨比λ=1.75、轴压比nd=0.4和钢管壁厚7.0 mm),共计6片试件进行验证,结果见图15
表2汇总了各试件特征荷载参数PyPpPu的公式预测结果与拟静力试验及有限元模拟结果的对比情况,可见绝大多数试件的预测偏差均落在±10%区间之内。KyKpKu等刚度指标由于对混凝土开裂程度和加载路径更为敏感,个别试件的偏差相对偏大,但整体上仍在工程可接受范围内。从图15也可以看出,三折线模型的计算曲线与试验(模拟)骨架曲线在走势上吻合较好。
将PSW1~PSW3三片试件的试验滞回曲线进行标准化处理(荷载值P除以峰值荷载Pp,位移换算为位移角θ),并剔除θ>1.5%后的数据(超过该位移角后试件已基本破坏)。各试件的滞回环形态相似,均呈梭形,捏缩效应适中,可采用修正Clough模型34描述;其中,试件PSW1标准化后的滞回曲线如图16(a)所示。进一步分析其卸载特征可知:每一圈滞回循环在荷载达到峰值后的初始卸载段,刚度接近屈服点等效刚度Ky,呈现为弹性回弹特征;当荷载降至约50%峰值荷载后,卸载刚度出现显著退化,卸载路径指向反向屈服点(YP),此时可采用Park法34描述。
依据上述滞回特征分析,基于修正Clough模型建立组合剪力墙的滞回规则[图16(b)],具体包含以下5条。
规则1:屈服前,正反向加载及卸载均沿骨架曲线进行,加载路径为0→YP→0→-YP→0,此阶段无刚度退化和残余变形。
规则2:试件进入屈服状态后,若继续施加正向位移,则结构响应点沿既有骨架曲线向前推进,直至达到本循环正向目标位移(路径0→YP→1)。
规则3:正向卸载分为2个阶段。第1阶段卸载刚度为Ky,从当前峰值点卸载至50%倍峰值荷载水平(路径1→2);第2阶段的卸载路径指向反向屈服点-YP(路径2→3)。
规则4:当施加反向位移时,遵循修正Clough模型中的历史最大位移指向准则。加载初始阶段,变形路径并不直接沿弹性卸载斜率延伸,而是转向前一加载半周期内结构所经历的最大位移对应骨架曲线点(路径3→-YP);一旦响应点抵达反向骨架曲线,此后便沿该骨架曲线持续推进,直至达到本循环反向目标位移(路径YP→4)。
规则5:反向卸载遵循与正向卸载相同的两阶段规则(路径4→5→6),完成一圈完整的滞回环,即0→YP→1→2→3→-YP→4→5→6。后续各级循环加载遵循相同的规则,逐级增大加载位移,直至达到极限位移。
依据前述5条滞回规则,分别针对PSW1、PSW2与PSW3三个试件构建相应的恢复力模型,并将各试件的模型计算滞回曲线与拟静力试验所得实测曲线加以对照验证,结果如图17所示。可见:模型计算的滞回环在形态上与试验结果保持了较高的相似度,梭形特征和捏缩效应得到了较准确的再现;在卸载-反向加载路径上,模型与试验的荷载-位移响应走势一致。上述对比验证了所建立的恢复力模型能够反映组合剪力墙在低周往复荷载下的滞回性能特征。
前文的恢复力模型与受力机理分析共同揭示了组合剪力墙的关键薄弱环节——预制与后浇混凝土叠合界面。骨架曲线显示:PSW1极限位移角仅为1.37%,下降段较陡;组合度在破坏阶段迅速跌至0.35,预制与后浇混凝土间的协同承载能力显著退化。究其原因,后浇叠合层水平分布钢筋缺失导致抗拉储备不足,且叠合界面黏结强度亦受工业化预制工艺制约,二者共同促使结构在弹塑性阶段于桁架节点附近率先开裂,进而引发界面剪切滑移持续扩展,最终导致水平承载力快速退化。因此,提升叠合界面抗剪性能是改善组合剪力墙塑性变形能力的有效途径。
界面加强方案的核心思路是在预制叶板与后浇叠合层的界面处预埋角钢抗剪键,详见图18。具体做法为:采用∟50×50×4角钢(Q355B),在钢筋桁架两侧以450 mm的间距固定于两片预制叶板的钢筋网上,角钢穿越混凝土界面形成双向抗剪键。同时,可在预制叶板生产阶段增加拉毛处理,以增大叠合面粗糙度。该方案具有构造简单、施工便捷、几乎不增加额外成本等优点。
以试件PSW1为例,采用混凝土界面加强措施(改进后的试件记为PSW-M1),并建立有限元模型开展模拟分析,将其滞回性能与原始试件PSW1进行对比,结果汇总于表3图19
表3可以看出:弹性刚度和屈服荷载的提升幅度较小(约5%),表明角钢抗剪键对剪力墙弹性阶段的受力行为影响有限;抗侧承载力提升约9%,增幅适中。最为突出的是极限位移角和延性系数,分别提高了34%和26%,表明该方案可显著改善组合剪力墙的塑性变形能力。
从有限元模型的界面滑移量(图20)角度,分析得到角钢抗剪键通过以下途径改善组合剪力墙抗震性能的三个途径:
1)在预制与后浇混凝土界面提供了可靠的机械抗剪连接,使界面剪切滑移区域大幅缩小并集中在抗剪键附近,滑移量降低了1个数量级。
2)预制叶板水平分布钢筋的应力明显增大,表明应力传递路径得以改善,钢筋抗拉性能获得了更充分的发挥。
3)预制叶板与后浇叠合层中混凝土的塑性应变逐步趋于均布,端柱外鼓变形倾向得以有效约束,组合截面各组成部件之间的协调变形能力明显提升。
综上,采用角钢界面加强方案在不增加施工难度和显著增加工程造价的前提下,有效延缓了组合剪力墙在弹塑性破坏阶段的组合效应退化,大幅提升了其塑性变形储备和延性水平,具有较好的工程应用前景。
1)基于ABAQUS软件建立了钢管混凝土-双面叠合板组合剪力墙的三维实体有限元模型,模型在抗侧承载力(误差<3%)、极限位移角(误差<9%)及累积耗能(误差<10%)等关键指标上均与拟静力试验结果吻合良好,可用于该类组合结构的数值分析。
2)组合剪力墙在低周水平往复荷载下的滞回受力全过程可划分为弹性、叠合板开裂、弹塑性屈服和破坏4个阶段。预制与后浇混凝土界面的剪切滑移是导致组合效应退化(η从0.9降至0.35)及承载力加速下降的内在主因。
3)建立了适用于剪跨比大于1.5的组合剪力墙的水平接缝受弯承载力计算方法。该方法以正截面受弯承载力为基础,给出了等效刚度及承载力计算公式,可准确预测组合剪力墙在水平接缝控制破坏模式下的关键荷载和变形指标。模型关键荷载指标的理论值与试验(模拟)值之间的差异多在±10%以内,预测精度可满足工程分析需要。
4)基于修正Clough模型建立了组合剪力墙滞回规则,结合三折线骨架曲线模型构成了完整的恢复力模型。模型预测的滞回曲线在环形态和捏缩效应方面均与试验结果吻合较好,可用于表征组合剪力墙的滞回性能。
5)针对界面薄弱问题提出的角钢抗剪键加强方案,可使极限位移角提升34%、延性系数提升26%。该方案构造简单、施工方便、成本增量小,为该类组合剪力墙的抗震性能提升提供了一种经济可行的解决途径。

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2026年第56卷第5期
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doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG26031504
  • 接收时间:2026-03-15
  • 首发时间:2026-06-25
  • 出版时间:2026-05-20
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  • 收稿日期:2026-03-15
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    1四川省建筑科学研究院有限公司,成都610036
    2哈尔滨工业大学(深圳)智能土木与海洋工程学院,广东深圳518055
    3四川建筑职业技术大学土木工程系,四川德阳618000
    4中铁五局集团建筑工程有限责任公司,贵阳550081

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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